Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: V.A. Sitnikov, O.Yu. Yunusova, A.N. Popov, S.Yu. Nikolaev, M.V. Petrov

The results of production experience on hydrobarathernal treatment fall rye grain feeding are presented in the article. It is determined that ater high temperature and pressure impact on fall rye grain in aqueous media dextrinization of starch specifically amylopectin occurs to monosugar in the form of glucose, therewith, sugar content increases more than in twice in comparison with parent grain. It is revealed that replacement of milled corn grain mixture to fall rye grain hydrolyzate in rations brought sugar-protein proportion to norm which contributed to increasing of cows milk production, besides, of high quality. Using of fall rye grain hydrolyzate in cow rations for 12 months on the whole gave growth of milk yield in 484 kg per a cow with protein weight fraction content of 3,0%, that is higher on 522 kg for the same interval of time in comparison with the leading farm. Replacement of milled corn grain mixture on fall rye grain hydrolyzate in cow rations did not negatively reflect on biochemical blood composition of animals. All indexes fell within the limits of standard values. Using of fall rye grain in cow rations on account of its lower selling price, despite on extra charges during hydrobarathernal treatment, led to spending reduction of fodders on 1 centner of milk on 28,03 roubles in comparison with milled corn grain mixture. Extra income at Chalino farm in comparison with Stepanovo farm for one year composed 353188 roubles that led to milk primecost reduction on 8,44% at the given farm.

6

Authors: V.D. Strelets, V.I. Balabanov, O.A. Vinogradova

High-yielding and large-fruited sort of hawthorn “Timiryazevets” differing from basic form with high content of rich, sweet-sour, savoury flesh was created in Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agrarian Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Besides, hawthorn berries during ripening lose their holding power with branches that allows to completely mechanize the most labour-intensive process of its gathering with a help of fruit harvesters. All this enables to introduce hawthorn into industrial culture considering its value as an important curative and nutritive breed. Research of hawthorn economic-biological peculiarities (winter hardiness, persistence to blasts, diseases, drought resistance, along with high productivity) afforded to draw rather sound conclusion about use prospects of hawthorn sort “Timiryazevts” in a quality of new fruit culture not only for amateur gardeners, but also for large-scale industrial plantings creation.

7

Authors: G.D. Gritsenko, T.F. Maslova

Specificity of the Stavropol region in the context of dispersal movements discovers in the article. The Stavropol territory has always been a region where migration flows historically form a particular environment of “medley of races” attaching to a local community polyethnicity, polyreligionism and polyculture. At the turn of XX-XXI centuries dispersal movements in the Stavropol region differ with its diversity: refugees, forced migrants, labor (internal and external) migrants, labor settlers and student migration. But independent from type of migration it intensifies a number of region social problems and, first of all, in the sphere of communication: tensity between long-standing inhabitants and migrants especially representatives of other and in particular the North Caucasian ethnoses is growing. The reasons of regional instability from socioeconomic sphere move to sociocultural sphere complicating social-psychological, sensationally- emotional situation. The processes of sociocultural adaptation and integration of migrants also intensify. At the same time migration flows increase regional population that contributes to filling of vacant niches at the labor market and, consequently, positively influences on region economic potential development. Though, diversity of migration strategies complicates sociocultural situation in the region, increases a number of ethnopolitical threats that requires flexible political and administrative decisions from regulatory bodies of the region as on the boundary, so on the municipal levels.

8

Authors: R.V. Metreveli

Outstanding Georgian public figure Ivane Javakhishvili was a highly miscellaneous scientist. He left rather rich heritage and was a founder of a new stage in historical studies development. Ivane Javakhishvili could raise Georgian historiography to the level of world science of his time. Ivane Javakhishvili as a true scientist considered Georgia history to be studied against the background of Caucasian and world history and required to reflect the role of Georgian people in the process of historical development. The scientist was sure that historical way of Georgian people was closely connected with history of other people and considered that the real perception of our history was possible on the ground of deep research of historical background. Study of Caucasian people history, their life and living conditions and also history of country, material culture, linguistic affinity or distinctness – is an essential condition without which research of Georgia history is unconceivable.

12

Authors: G.I. Kvesitadze, B.Ch. Meskhi

To date increasing military activities, production of chemicals, unpredictable growth of industry and transport, urbanization, the permanent increase of contamination of all biological sources by chemical compounds of toxic nature are observed. Naturally formed emission of poisonous gases, the washing of toxic elements out of ore during floods or earthquakes, formation by microorganisms toxic compounds etc. are a very little as compared with human anthropogenic contribution in environments contamination. Nowadays, there are experimental data obviously demonstrating that plants activate a definite set of biochemical and physiological processes to resist the toxic action of contaminants by using following physiological/biochemical mechanisms. Ecotechnologies based on combination of microorganisms and plants allow widening the most modern understanding of remediation potential on a scale significantly exceeding any local or even national level. Elaboration of a new ecological concept, unifying experience accumulated for last 3-4 decades and based on effective use phytoremediation/remediation (plants/microbial) joint potential should be highly beneficial for the whole world, by increasing its ecological potential.

5

Authors: I.P.Makeenko

The global situation, in which there is a mankind, reflects and expresses general crisis of a person consumer attitude to natural and social resources. At the end of the XX century mankind faced the problems from solving of which its future depends. These are so-called global difficulties including problems of war and peace, ecology, health care, energy resources. Their essence lies in the fact that, at first, they concern all countries independent from their social system and a level of development; secondly, they can be solved by efforts not of only one country, but at least, of the majority of the countries; thirdly, they are closely interconnected and therefore the solution of one of them, anyway, concerns also others.

5

Authors: M.A. Leonova, L.V. Getmantseva, A.Yu. Kolosov, V.N. Pristupa

The article presents the results of studies of the effect gene polymorphism pituitary transcription factor (POU1F1), kappa-casein gene (k-CSN) and prolactin gene (PRL) on milk production of cows of red steppe breed. Analysis of the genotypes was performed by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism). Contains information describing how to conduct research and reagent kits for each of the genes studied. POU1F1 gene controls the transcription of genes PRL, TSH and GH, as well as the functioning of the breast. Mutations kappa-casein gene (k-CSN) affect the protein content in milk, cheese yield and cheese as well as on the coagulation properties of milk. All this makes the consideration of these three genes (POU1F1, k-CSN, PRL) as a promising candidate genes dairy cattle productivity. As a result of studies have shown the presence of two populations of allelic variants of each gene (A, B – POU1F1 / HinfI, A, B – k-CSN / HindIII and A, G – PRL / RsaI) and all three variants of genotypes. Animals genotype BB (POU1F1) characterized by the best milk yield per lactation (500.5 kg at (P <0,01) and 835.6 kg (P <0,001) compared with genotypes AB and BB, respectively), and genotype AB (POU1F1) was significantly associated with higher protein content. Genotype AB gene k-CSN provides higher performance milking (at 572.7 kg (P <0,05) compared with the AA genotype), whereas the effect of polymorphism of the gene for the protein and fat content in milk has not been established . PRL gene revealed that the animals AA genotype have better milk yield per lactation. Superiority over similar genotype AG amounted to 388.2 kg and above analogy with the GG genotype at 564.1 kg (P <0,05).

5

Authors: O.Yu. Kolosova

The modern ecological situation represents result of social and economic development of the world community directed to the material consumption which made minor spiritual aspects of life and the planned symptoms of spiritual crisis. The process of formation of ecological theology as special direction of religious thought is considered in the article. Its essence and manifestation in Orthodoxy, a place and a role in the modern nature protection movements and formation of ecological consciousness of the believing people comes to light.

6

Authors: V.N. Goncharov

Being the public phenomenon, the religion has quite certain social, gnoseological and psychological roots. The social reasons of its emergence are the objective factors of public life, connected with relation of people to the nature and among themselves (domination of nature forces, spontaneity of the public relations). The gnoseological reasons are connected with ability of a person to think in the abstract way, and, with aspiration to learn and explain surrounding phenomena. The psychological reasons are generated from negative emotions and experiences of a person, his dissatisfaction with a real situation and absence of opportunities to eliminate a source of the problems. Thereby, a person’s desire and attempt to escape from solving the complex problems of life and search for means of rescue in religion and belief are considered to be natural and clear.

8

Authors: I.M. Uznarodov

The article considers the end of the cold war and the role of the USSR in it. Attempts are being made to consider the final event of the process. It is analyzed political events such as the convening of the Conference on Security and coopoperation in Europe (CSCE), the meeting of the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union in Malta in December 1989, negotiations on the reunification of Germany (1990), signed in 1990, the "Charter of Paris for a New Europe" in Paris. It notes the role of M.S. Gorbachev, its new policy on termination of confrontation of East and West. It is considered the political consequences of the Cold War for Russia and the West. It says about the losses suffered by Russia, trying to recreate the world, the obvious activation of the West in all regions of the world in order to promote and often impose their values there.