Science almanac of Black sea region countries

6

Authors: Ilyasovа R.

Most sociolinguistic works devoted to the problem draw attention to the fact that the main factors affecting the language situation are the social conditions of language functioning. They determine both the level of development of the language and the prospects for its preservation and development. In this regard, the following points can be noted about the linguistic situation prevailing in the Chechen Republic, the level and quality of the Chechen-Russian bilingualism in the past and present. The Chechen language in the past, like many other Caucasian languages, was used verbally and existed in the form of living dialects. Religious, philosophical, fiction, scientific and educational literature was published in the Chechen language later. Works of oral folklore, annals, chronicles were recorded, clerical work, training, private correspondence, etc. were conducted. The research results show a clear dependence of the level of the Russian language proficiency on education, age and socio-demographic affiliation. Recently, for example, there has been a clear age tendency among Chechens to switch to Russian as a language of communication, which is precisely connected with the migration process, more precisely, with relocation to other Russian cities due to the war. It can be concluded that the third generation of Chechens who migrated to the Russian cities will be active bilinguals with a predominant knowledge of the Russian language: for example, if the first generation of migrants understands and speaks Chechen, then the second usually only understands, but does not speak (or speaks poorly), and accordingly their children, the third generation will neither understand nor speak Chechen, because people do not speak Chechen with them. The Russian language as a means of interethnic communication is an objective phenomenon. But it should not be accompanied by the displacement of native languages from the sphere of use by the narrowing of their functions and the inhibition of their structural development due to destructive national-language policies. A reasonable, appropriate combination of bilingualism components is needed.

7

Authors: Dzhabrailov Yu.

The article examines the hierarchy of social group identities types (all-Russian, regional, ethnic and religious) based on the results of monitoring the ethno-contact situation in the Republic of Dagestan, in the southernmost region of the Russian Federation. It explains the inconsistency of the sociological study results of on the prevalence of all-Russian identity in the collective consciousness of Dagestanis and at the same time their sense of social affinity with ethnic and religious groups. The author draws attention to the inadmissibility of contrasting ethnic and religious identities with national (civilian) identities and considers the thesis about the direct relationship between the growth of ethno-confessional identity and a decrease in the level of national identification invalid. Since representatives of traditional faith in the region do not support the anti-state views of extremist religious movements. The author believes that if ethno-confessional identity prevails over national identity, it should rather be about omissions in the politics of identity. The study reveals the internal and external reasons for the high level of ethno-confessional identity of the population of the republic. In general, the article notes the tendency of cognitive prevalence of national (state) identity among Dagestanis and the dominance in their minds of a favorable attitude towards multiple identification.

8

Authors: Dashkova E., Ivushkina E.

The North Caucasus is one of the most beautiful and mysterious corners of the planet Earth. Amazing nature, majestic mountain peaks and ancient monuments attract numerous tourists. One of the important tasks of social and economic development of Russia is the creation of large-scale modern tourist zones or, as it is now said, destinations in the North Caucasus. The famous Silk Route, which played a unique role in the social, economic and cultural development of the regions of Eurasian space, was here centuries ago. The Silk Route (SR) is a grandiose trade route which connected the East and the West. It has caused the emergence of unique cities, historical monuments, customs and even states. In fact, it was a system of caravan roads leading from China to the countries in the Middle East and Europe. The Silk Route trails are resources for developing modern tourist routes. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO) the Silk Route is the longest modern tourist route in the world. It covers Europe, Asia and Africa and links three oceans: Pacific, Indian and Atlantic. The Silk Route also passed through the southern territories of the Russian Federation and now Russia has become one of the active participants of the International Tourism Project "The Silk Route." In order to implement the international tourism project on this subject, it is necessary to develop new tourist routes based on the resources of the entities of the North Caucasus Federal District.

9

Authors: Smagina M., Tronina L.

In a traditional society, culture performed many complex functions; the leading one was the reproduction of a traditional collectivist personality. The whole society in the process of its existence reproduced this very culture: in labor, holiday, and everyday life. A significant role in this process was played by the ability to read, translate symbolic, symbolic information into senses. That is, performing a ceremony, singing songs, placing a certain pattern or embroidery, the representative of a traditional society should always have a clear idea: why exactly this action is necessary at the moment, which sign is male and which is female. With the violation of the integrity of the traditional society, a change in lifestyle, the traditional division of responsibilities, the whole cultural landscape is changing. The meanings that were invested in rituals and objects are lost, transformed sometimes even by the next generation of cultural bearers. It, like a mirror, reflects all the modernization processes that society has experienced. The root, structural parts of the culture are also preserved in it. In this regard, the question arises, which part of the culture preserves broadcast and presents to the young generation? This dispute has repeatedly arisen among professionals and there is no unambiguous answer to it. This is connected with historical difficulties, with those severe shocks that Russian society suffered.

9

Authors: Akaev V., Abdulaeva Z.

The cultural traditions of the peoples of the North Caucasus are distinguished by their diversity, the mosaic appearance that has developed during their centuries-old creative activities. Regional ethnic and sociocultural reality forms the basis of a certain type of civilization, called Caucasus, which is rich in its material and spiritual heritage. The Caucasus civilization is local, colorful, diverse, unique, which is determined by its material and spiritual achievements, values which were left by the ancestors for younger generations, and the latter, contributing their share, give the legacy of the past a modern character. Caucasus civilization is connected with Eastern, Western civilizational types, Slavic-Russian world, that gives ethnocultural heritage a unique, special character. For many contemporaries, the ethno-cultural diversity of the peoples of the Caucasus, including the North Caucasus, is unclear, not because it is archaic, but because it is diverse, syncretic, and has experienced many developments from different cultures and civilizations. The preservation of the ethnic and cultural heritage of the peoples of the Caucasus and its understanding are now an extremely important problem in scientific and cultural terms.

10

Authors: Dzhioev A.

In December 2019, an epidemic of a new acutely infectious disease broke out in the Chinese city of Wuhan, which in two to three months turned into a pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The epidemiological, economic, environmental, humanitarian and political crisis has begun on the planet. The world has never come across a similar situation. This is much more serious than what humanity has experienced in last epidemics, when they spread from one continent to another for decades. In early summer 2020, more than 6.5 million people were found to have coronavirus in the world, according to Johns Hopkins University. The article gives a general assessment of the enormous losses of the world economy and the economies of individual States that arose as a result of quarantine during the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, it is shown that, compared with previous crises, this one will be more destructive for the labor market and the exit from it will be longer. The coronavirus epidemic has become a powerful challenge for the Russian labor market. It is concluded that the deterioration of the situation in the Russian economy due to the coronavirus pandemic will lead to increased interregional migration in the coming years, which will negatively affect the parameters of the demographic situation and the quality of the labor market in most of the North Caucasian regions of Russia, and the predicted persistence of high unemployment is associated with high threats to socio-political instability and the growth of social conflict. The author formulated a number of proposals on mitigation of economic consequences of the epidemic and controlling the outflow of working-age population from the regions of the North Caucasus.

5

Authors: Vakhaeva H.

This article examines the problems of the culture of behavior and etiquette of the Chechen modern generation, as well as the culture within family relations. The subject of traditions and features in communication between generations, as well as ethical standards of behavior within society are considered. Much attention is paid to family values, which play an important role in the transmission of moral and ethical rules. The family and everyday ideas of the Chechens are analyzed, which are interconnected with the manner of communication and behavior in the economic field of life. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the foundation in the formation of an individual personality is considered moral and ethical values in the concept of «nokhchalla».

6

Authors: Berkovskiy V., Leonova N., Tronina L.

The field of ethnography is extremely broad, nevertheless, conditionally it is possible to distinguish two classes of objects of this science depending on its attitude to its material. The first class of such objects includes spontaneous ethnic processes or processes which have taken place in the past, and the second class includes ethnic processes which by their nature, involve a certain social regulation. In the first case, the task of ethnography consists in scientific study of facts and maximum complete reconstruction of the past ethnic cultures, in the second its task is not exhausted by research and theoretical reconstruction of the activities of ethnic groups, although, of course, the creation of theories is the first task for any science. In society, ethnography is increasingly faced with the task of exercising, within the limits of its competence, a socio-technological, regulatory function. Increasing the efficiency of carrying out socio-technological or already socio-pedagogical tasks by ethnography significantly actualizes the problem of further clarification and enrichment of its framework of categories and concepts, of mobilization for this purpose of theoretical and cognitive means of other disciplines (social psychology, literature, linguistics).

7

Authors: Vergun T., Grishin D.

Issues of impact of ethnic tourism on formation of inter-ethnic relations are considered. It is noted that the growth of ethnic identity can lead to the emergence on the market of tourist products, new proposals that will take into account the growing interest of people in under-standing the culture and life both of their ancestors and of representatives of other ethnic groups. The development of issues which are related to the ontogenesis of ethnotourism has arisen relatively recently, researches of this nature are still new. The conceptual questions are also in the formation stage. Most researchers of this topic highlight the main purpose of ethnic tourism as familiarity with the peculiarities of traditional material and spiritual culture, the unique way of life of the ethnic group, traditions and customs. Such a definition of "ethnic tourism" can be considered the most generic and universal. Ethnic tourism as a phenomenon is a significant element in the understanding of inter-ethnic relations and inter-ethnic culture. In practice, this is realized through the promotion of ethnic tourism and awareness of its importance for the tourist industry as a whole. From a theoretical perspective, ethnic tourism is a productive strategy for raising awareness of the concepts of "ethnic identity" and "ethnic relations". As a conclusion, it is noted that the emergence and strengthening of positive trends in the development of ethnotourism are particularly relevant, as they contribute to the preservation of the cultural and historical heritage of an ethnic group, they support the identity of ethnic groups, and they are a factor of the sustainable development of their traditional territories. Considering ethnic identity and tourism, one can say with confidence about interinfluence of these two elements. Tourism, one of the largest industries in the world, has an impact on the formation of the ethnic identity of the person.

7

Authors: Zritneva E., Klushina N., Lobeiko Yu.

The revival of the cultural potential of each people and its disclosure through the education system, the inclusion of social and pedagogical processes into the content of the education of ethnic culture are the most important tasks of modern society. The global challenge of civilizational development is the creation of a single multicultural and educational space based on a multilateral dialogue of cultures that promotes the mental compatibility of people in the context of their complementarity and mutual enrichment. Based on the ethnocul-turological approach, the essential characteristics and basic structural components of the ethnocultural education system are determined, and personal, ethnopedagogic, linguistic, bilinguistic and moral aspects of the education system are revealed. From the point of view of procedural and efficient approach the essence of ethnocultural education system is interpreted as a process and a result of socio-historical development of ethnos, its main trends and features, and the readiness for ethnic self-identification is interpreted as a core quality in the structure of ethnic culture. It is alleged that the study of the ethnocultural environment in the system of formation and the pedagogical foundations of its formation should contribute to the realization of the cultural core of the content of education on the basis of universal human and regional values.

9

Authors: Hiyasova S., Mustafaeva M., Musaeva E.

Forms of conflict regulation in pre-revolutionary Dagestan are analyzed: Maslaat (an arbitrational or mediatory method of conflict regulation, which has become common in the North Caucasus) and Adat (a custom, relic norms of pre-Islamic legal complexes, a set of rules of a customary law among Dagestan peoples). Various models of their implementation in the traditional pre-revolutionary culture of the peoples of Dagestan are revealed. Features of Dagestan Adats of different societies and settlements are noted. These features are manifested in the fact that, for all the unity and external similarity of codes and provisions, no paragraph repeats the other literally, that is, all of them are of a private nature. The authors analyze the origins of Adats in Dagestan and note that each community (jamaat) had its own code on the basis of common, i.e. single Adat right in Dagestan is divided into many codified codes. Each code fell into Adats of specific communities. The reasons of sustainability of these forms in society are investigated, despite numerous attempts to introduce Shariat norms in pre-revolutionary Dagestan, and the main factors by which Shariat has not displaced Adats are being identified. According to the authors among such factors there is, for example, the fact that Adats got into the life of the Highlanders firmly, and became the basis of their lifestyle and morality. They were more understand-able for the Highlanders, as they provided for less stringent punishments than Shariat. Adats were means of replenishment of the budget of leadership elite: bek (the category of privileged population), uzden (the feudal class in the Caucasus), etc. In their elimination the last saw a real threat of their financial wellbeing. The significance and relevance of Adats and Maslaat in modern society are justified and their role in modern culture of Dagestan peoples is determined.

14

Authors: Kratova N.

This article is devoted to an important, very complex and controversial issue in the sphere of state-confessional relations - the return to religious organizations of once nationalized religious buildings and other religious property. In the Russian Federation, unlike some other post-Soviet countries, they categorically re-fused to restitution of nationalized property, however, they made some concessions regarding religious organizations, recognizing the possibility of returning buildings and religious utensils. Several government decrees were issued that regulated this process, and a Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation was created specifically to coordinate these issues. In 2010, Federal Law No. 327-FZ “On the transfer of religious property owned by state or municipal property” to religious organizations was issued, in accordance with which, in the case of official treatment by a religious organization, any religious property is subject to transfer, regardless of the form of ownership. However, to put into practice the right granted by the state turned out to be quite difficult. A large number of problems arose, which were difficult to solve. As a rule, religious buildings often housed museums or other institutions that needed to be translated somewhere. The question arose about the safety of the property being transferred, which could inevitably suffer from regular use. Under the conditions of Karachay-Cherkessia, the church’s attempts to return the temple complexes of the 10th century met with stiff resistance not only from the museum management, but also from the public, who considered the monuments, primarily, as the cultural value of their people. This article shows how this problem was solved in the KCR in the post-Soviet period. The article is based on documents from the archive of the Authorized Head of the KCR on relations with religious organizations, copies of which were kindly transferred to the author.

5

Authors: Gurieva S.

Migration for economic reasons is the movement of people for the purpose of employment and adequate remuneration. Labour migration can be caused for reasons such as the desire to change jobs, socio-cultural, housing, environmental, natural, climatic and other conditions. Only older people or people with disabilities can do without a developed economy and social sphere; all the others are included in the circle of potential migration, while the socio-psychological portrait of migrants is heterogeneous. Economic and social changes in modern society have led to intensive and extensive activities of migrants. The article provides an overview of the social, psychological and gender aspects of migration from three countries of Central Asia (former Soviet republics) Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan to Russia (St. Petersburg). The main goal of our study was to identify the socio-psychological mechanisms of migration from Central Asia, the general and specific features of the process of acculturation of labour migrants. The study participants were labour migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The study was conducted in St. Petersburg. In total, 98 people aged 19 to 42 years participated in the study (MD = 32.26, SD = 3.44), among them women - 44%, men - 56%. Three ethnic groups presented our sample: Kyrgyz (34 people), Tajiks (32 people) and Uzbeks (32 people). The study revealed both general and specific features associated with certain ethnic groups. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in the following acculturation indicators: the number of social contacts (friends) among representatives of their nationality and the Russian-speaking population, type of acculturation strategy, degree of satisfaction with life, cultural and economic security, level of anxiety.

7

Authors: Goncharov V., Kolosova O., Litvinova E.

The functioning of different cultures have common principles. Development is a complex process, the context of development is determined by external factors, and the main role belongs to political, social, ethical and ethnocultural factors. Cultural development takes place through increasing efficiency in the use of natural resources, raising labor productivity and economic specialization. All other aspects of culture that are secondary to them depend on it. Ethnic culture goes through certain stages of development and has its own characteristics, its own development logic, and its own unique development path. The development of culture takes place in the bowels of an ethnic group, in conditions of unconditional substantial ethnic unity. Each culture has its own unique path of development and can be understood only as a historical phenomenon. It is necessary to understand the development of individual cultures, first try to establish the laws of the development of the culture of all humankind. Culture changes through the movement, movement of its elements, and the movement affects objects of material life and ideas: ideology and mythology. In the development of culture, the accumulation, preservation and continuity of cultural traditions, their transmission to subsequent generations is of great importance. The unity of world culture, the common cultural wealth of mankind, determine the presence of similar features and principles of the functioning of various cultures, the existence of patterns, common features in many cultural phenomena, regardless of the place and time of their appearance.

7

Authors: Vergun T.

The article presents the role of ethnic villages in the development of ethnic tourism. It is noted that ethnic villages are a relatively new segment of the tourist market which reflects the ethnocultural mosaic of the modern world. The basis for the creation of ethnic villages is, as the title suggests, ethnos with its cultural and historical traditions, socio-economic and public-political structure. The loss of many unique and distinctive elements of ethnoculture in the condition of a globalizing world has been reflected in the search of many peoples for their identity. Tourism as a sociocultural practice of mankind has responded to these processes by establishing centers of tourist attraction such as ethnic and ethno-national settlements, villages. The concept of "ethnic village" has not been clearly recorded yet. The concept of "ethno-graphic", "national" and sometimes "international" village or settlement is applied to such settlements. This term can be analyzed from different positions. Ethnic villages reflect ethnocultural heritage and include natural resources management systems, ways of life, customs, a language, a cuisine, a layout, a type of settlements and buildings, forms of folk creativity, religious and other phenomena of spiritual culture. The global crises of our time, including the social and cultural crisis, the over-pragmatism and commercialization of culture, and the growing threat to cultural and civilizational education have necessitated comprehensive reflection and the development of a coherent long-term strategy that would ensure the development of culture through a dialogue of civilizations. It is shown that one of the significant advantages of the development of national villages and ethnic tourist centers in the world is the support of local residents and representatives of small peoples, more precisely, cultural carriers.

9

Authors: Bermus A.

This article is one of the first experiments in reconstructing of the scientific biography of one of the most famous figures in Russian pedagogical science, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, honored teacher of the Russian Federation Evgenia Bondarevskaya. The main stages of her biography are comprehended: from birth (1931) till the beginning of work in the Rostov State Pedagogical Institute (1958), then the period of active professional growth until 1991, the period of the highest professional recognition (1991-2011) and the period of late methodological research and completion of a professional career (2011-2017). The most characteristic for the period of professional growth of E.V. Bondarevskaya was the idea of moral education of a person, overcoming the contradictions between the unity of requirements for students within the school and the individual ways of their personal development, the development of the teacher’s pedagogical culture as the leading subject organizing the educational process. In the future, these ideas are transformed into the concepts of student-centered education and the upbringing of a person`s culture, morality and harmoniously developed personality. A separate direction of the scientific work of E.V. Bondarevskaya in recent years has been the development of a “humanitarian methodology” – a system of scientific and philosophical ideas about education and a person’s place in it, which allows for meaningful design and reflection of educational practices in a changing social and cultural reality, successfully pairing individual processes of personal growth and global historical transformations. At the end of the article, perspective lines of development of the main ideas of her scientific work are considered. Thus, the ideas of a personal approach and personality-oriented pedagogy are transformed over time into the philosophical and cultural anthropology of childhood and the preparation of teachers for the development and implementation of varied cultural and anthropological practices; the ideas of educational complexes (clusters) will lead to the deployment of network projects for the profiling of general education and the modernization of pedagogical practices, the formation of unified educational environments and support projects for young teachers. Finally, the project of the universalization of teacher education will be associated with the development and implementation of modern corporate standards in assessing professional achievements, changing the content and structure of educational programs in the direction of increasing their competitiveness and combining scientific and educational components, as well as increasing the importance of international research and projects.

5

Authors: Ilyasovа R.

Migration processes play a significant role in the socio-economic and demographic development of Russia. Over the past 20 years, the migration increase in the country`s population has largely compensated for more than half of the natural decline in the population of the Russian Federation. However, in addition to external migration, internal migration has also become a subject of close attention – population movements between regions of the country, which is associated with its growing influence on the possibilities for the development of the population not only in individual settlements and cities, but also entire regions. Thus, in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, during the Soviet period, migration did not have any significant effect on the demographic situation. But with the collapse of the USSR, migration processes dramatically intensified. The development of negative trends in the demographic sphere of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, observed in the period 1992-2008 were caused by factors of interethnic instability, threats of terrorist acts and military actions in the Chechen Republic and the near abroad. By 2012, these factors were, in principle, leveled, but the flow of people leaving the region did not stop, which actualizes studies of other factors leading to the migration of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania to other regions. It is considered that migration processes are a characteristic of population mobility, reflecting its ability and readiness to change social status, professional affiliation and place of residence. Migration processes characterizing labor mobility of the population are caused by the needs of economy in the work of a certain content and also by the ability and readiness of the personality to changes in the essential characteristics of work. At the same time, the situation on the national, regional or local labor market is a factor affecting the parameters, nature and direction of migration. The article shows that the main reason for the negative migration processes in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in recent years has been the unfavorable situation in the labor market and growing unemployment among educated youth.

8

Authors: Goncharov V., Kolosova O.

The whole culture of the ethnos: material, directly related to life support, social and spiritual, is determined, organized, structured under the influence of the strategy of its life. The livelihood structure of an ethnos consists of a complex of necessary components. One of them is the culture of life support, which includes both rational and irrational elements, specific elements of ideology. A superficial attitude to the traditional way of running of the household leads not only to the degradation of the environment, but most of all to a change in certain, essential features of ethnic consciousness, which has been formed over the centuries. Ignoring the culture of livelihood in the most negative way affects the development of ethnic groups, undermines the foundations of their existence. Culture is a set of behavioral models that a person assimilates in the process of socialization and the adoption of his cultural role. Culture contains such behavioral patterns, following which makes it possible to most rationally use the available geographic and climatic conditions. These behavioral models are passed down from generation to generation in the process of socialization and are the main mechanism by which human groups adapt to the environment. A person lives not just in a social, but also in an ethnic environment. Ethnicity functions due to the fact that it develops a certain system of socialization of its members, in the framework of which the production and transmission of culture, the formation of the young generation in its image and likeness take place.

9

Authors: Dzhioev A.

Migration processes play a significant role in the socio-economic and demographic development of Russia. Over the past 20 years, the migration increase in the country`s population has largely compensated for more than half of the natural decline in the population of the Russian Federation. However, in addition to external migration, internal migration has also become a subject of close attention – population movements between regions of the country, which is associated with its growing influence on the possibilities for the development of the population not only in individual settlements and cities, but also entire regions. Thus, in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, during the Soviet period, migration did not have any significant effect on the demographic situation. But with the collapse of the USSR, migration processes dramatically intensified. The development of negative trends in the demographic sphere of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, observed in the period 1992-2008 were caused by factors of interethnic instability, threats of terrorist acts and military actions in the Chechen Republic and the near abroad. By 2012, these factors were, in principle, leveled, but the flow of people leaving the region did not stop, which actualizes studies of other factors leading to the migration of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania to other regions. It is considered that migration processes are a characteristic of population mobility, reflecting its ability and readiness to change social status, professional affiliation and place of residence. Migration processes characterizing labor mobility of the population are caused by the needs of economy in the work of a certain content and also by the ability and readiness of the personality to changes in the essential characteristics of work. At the same time, the situation on the national, regional or local labor market is a factor affecting the parameters, nature and direction of migration. The article shows that the main reason for the negative migration processes in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in recent years has been the unfavorable situation in the labor market and growing unemployment among educated youth.

10

Authors: Nemashkalov P.

In the territory of the North Caucasus there was the Caucasian War for decades. That`s why the Caucasian line was populated by natives not only of different parts of the empire, but it also became a shelter for representatives of other peoples and states. As a result, the language and religious differentiation in the region was quite notable that could not but lead to maintaining ethnic consciousness. The crisis public phenomena found the reflection in the religious sphere. Having become "warm Siberia", it involved to its territories a large number of representatives of split and various sects which could feel more freely here, than in the central provinces of the empire. Realizing the current situation, for the purpose of overcoming the cultural dissociation and inclusions of new territories into the uniform system of the public relations, the government undertook a number of measures among which there was a creation of the independent Caucasian and Black Sea diocese in 1843. After the deep church crisis in which there were many parishes of the North Caucasus and with the formation of the independent diocese, the religiousness of the population increased. It also found reflection in the development of monastic activity through the restoration of old monasteries and institution of new. The convent of Mary Magdalene became one of such "phenomena" in the North Caucasus. It didn`t find broad support in the Cossack region at once, but having received the help from the diocesan and army power, it could not only overcome and break the approved stereotypes in consciousness of the population concerning the position of the woman in the society, but also promoted the approval of Orthodox faith and church authority in the environment of the motley population of the region. In many respects these processes formed a basis of the arisen contradictions with army board and they did not find support in organs of supreme authority, however, there was no other way of overcoming the developed contradictions. One of the conditions of establishment of Mary Magdalene Convent was its construction exclusive on means received in the form of donations and alms, and also income from own agricultural and work activity. The construction of the convent was supposed to be conducted on these means, without taking in attention that the convent was forced to keep the staff of sisters, novices and workers, pilgrims and sufferers. Overcoming all economic difficulties, the convent promoted the growth of the authority of Orthodox faith and restoration of the church order in the North Caucasus.

14

Authors: Chernous V.

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5

Authors: Tskvitariia T.

In the context of globalization, sustainable formation and functioning of a multicultural society, we consider the problem of the integration of students into the university multicultural educational space as relevant. The article discusses the peculiarities of psychological adaptation of foreign citizens into the multicultural environment of a unified educational space of the university, the possibility of their mutual integration. The questions about the need to adapt the educational system in order to form the knowledge, competencies, skills and behavioral models necessary for an innovative society and innovative economy, and about the formation of a system of continuous education in a multicultural educational environment are raised. Within the framework of the competence paradigm, the competences of a modern person are highlighted, which reflect the level of professional and general culture, practical experience and which contribute to the successful integration of the individual in terms of intercultural communication into the educative and educational space of the university. The leading methodological principle of the educational process organization is also highlighted. It is the reliance on multicultural dialogue and the selection of the ethnocultural component in education. In accordance with this, special requirements are also imposed on the teacher. One of these requirements is cultural competence and the ability of the teacher to smooth out conflicts based on the knowledge of the students` national mentality, manifestations of tolerant attitude towards the students. Thus, the successful integration of students into the multicultural educational space of the university becomes possible when an educative and educational environment at the university with multi-level pedagogical support and humanistic pedagogy approaches implementation are created.

7

Authors: Goncharov V., Kolosova O.

The idea of the perfect person, appearing as a universal idea about harmony with nature and the need to adapt to it and transforming it, puts a person on a new level of harmony. The upbringing of a perfect person reflects the level of national self-consciousness and undergoes a constant evolution under the influence of social conditions. The people were always aware of the universal goals of upbringing, had their ideal of a perfect person and, in their upbringing practice, sought to achieve this goal. For a person as an ethnocultural integrity, it is important to be introduced to the ethnocultural heritage, inculturation. Comprehending the phenomenology of culture, mastering the ethnocultural phenomenon, a person becomes an heir of culture, is formed as an integral ethnocultural personality –a community unit with characteristics of ethnic mentality, associated with the history of ethnos, ethnic culture, capable of ethnic reproduction of the world. Specificity of culture is determined by the peculiarities of the ethnocultural personality. The uniqueness consists, first of all, in the inimitable combination of the elements common to all ethnic groups, in the combination of the system of relations and values. As an individual, personality is identical with social norms, effective in relation to expected social roles. This is the outward correspondence of man to the ethnic ideal of the perfect man. Ethnicity is a real, structurally rich and complex connection of an individual with society, including the socio-economic, territorial, day-to-day, socio-political, linguistic, spiritual and socio-psychological aspects and reflects a certain side of human nature, much deeper, external in relation to consciousness and psychology, by which is understood the form of higher nervous activity.

8

Authors: Olenich T., Oreshin A.

This study considers the neo-pagan worldview as a factor influencing certain social strata with the aim of forming a specific set of specific socio-cultural, political, and historical-cultural representations. The main social group, to which the activities of neo-pagans are directed, is youth. In the course of a survey conducted by questioning 360 respondents in 2019 in the cities of Shakhty and Rostov-on-Don in order to deter-mine the religious and cultural identity of survey participants. It was proved that the role of Orthodox moral education in the formation of national-cultural identity continues to be decisive for the majority of believing youth. More than half of the survey participants are inclined to believe that paganism cannot be recognized as a traditional religion. It is shown that the adoption of the National Security Act creates opportunities to limit the influence of destructive cults on the Russian youth.

9

Authors: Shcherbakova T., Loseva I., Misirov D., Zhitnaya I.

The main vectors of influence of the level of development of social competence of the student on the formation of cultural safety and their adaptation in polycultural educational system of modern higher education institution are revealed in the article. Components of social competence, its functions in realization of behavior of the student in the polycultural environment are revealed and described. Resources and risks of social competence in the formation of a safety culture among students are shown. The specifics of action of an individual system of subjective control as a factor affecting success of adaptation of students in multiple-valued situations of social interaction are described. The results of studying of content of ideas of students of higher education institutions of the North Caucasus region about the role of social competence as a factor of cultural safety, its components and about the motives of its development are presented. The features of expressiveness of communicative self-checking, the preferred strategies of behavior in the conflict and the level of development of subjective control among students as factors causing the features of adaptation of students in the polycultural educational environment are shown.

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Authors: Evstropov V.

The geoecology is considered as a new scientific direction in natural sciences. In turn, the geoecology, in view of its cross-disciplinary character includes, according to C.Troll, various aspects: geocomplex, geosystem, equally-componential, ecosystemic and biocentric. In view of increase of the person`s role in technical transformation of biosphere, and as a result of developing of diseases of civilization and other ecopathology of the person, the research of medical aspects of geoecology has become relevant. When studying the connection between human activity, technogenic constructions and geological environment, it is necessary to take into account that in the system "the person, the technogenic construction and the geological environment" it is important to pay attention to the mechanisms and the consequences of impact on the person of the dangerous striking factors of dangerous natural (geological) processes. As the geoecology is also considered as a synthesis of "vertical" (system biology) and of "horizontal" approaches, nowadays, even taking into account the biological component of the person as bio-social beings, the medical ecology also can apply for the certain "geoecological" attention. When examining, in the system aspect, geoecology as a science, it is possible to note the criteria of expediency and of the level of the system organization as backbone. From the expediency positions it is necessary to reflect a medical and biological component in the structure of geoecology that will expand the section of natural geoecology and will allow to consider the vertical approach more widely than within the system biology. The issues of the influence on the person of chemical pollution, researches of natural and focal infectious diseases, studying of features of distribution of noncontagious pathological changes among people, accounting of dynamics of the migration processes caused by the geoecological reasons, etc. belong to the problems of medical geoecology. Characteristic of the environment as a sphere of the activity of people causes the necessity of purposeful activity in the solution of local, regional, global geoenvironmental problems. While analyzing some local (regional) geoenvironmental problems of the Russian seaside territory of the Black Sea region influencing the level of life support and health of the population it is noted: 1) near Novorossiysk the distribution of pollution of H2 S, NO2, NO and CO happens in the air way while the pollution by oil products covers ground waters of the area and also sea water of the Novorossiysk bay. In the territory of the Republic of Crimea there is a risk of chemical environmental pollution in the case of accidents at the chemical enterprises, producing iodine, bromine organic compounds, compounds of manganese and magnesium, agents of fire retarders, mineral fertilizers, sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate, sodium water glass, etc. 2) in the Crimea the spread of various natural and focal infections of bacterial, virus and rickettsial genesis is possible.

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Authors: Kleshchenkov A., Filatova T.

The problem of the World Ocean pollution with microplastic is considered in this article. Nowadays this problem is recognized as the accruing problem of planetary scale, but it is insufficiently highlighted in the domestic scientific press. The processes leading to the formation of micro-plastic are described, the short review of researches of content of microplastic in the marine environment and its impacts on the environment is submitted. Plastic is one of the most demanded materials and because of its durability, lightness and longevity in combination with low prime cost it is used practically in all fields of industry. At the same time a huge part of plastic production is a share of disposable products or products with a short life length. The first mentions about plastic garbage in reservoirs, about harmful and poorly studied influence of microplastic on representatives of biota are met in the published literature since the beginning of the 1970th years. At first, the articles on this subject drew the minimum attention of scientific community, but in the next decades, thanks to accumulation of data on environmental impacts of pollution of the World Ocean with microplastic, this subject arrests a sustained research interest. It was revealed that a number of organisms, both vertebrata and invertebrates, absorb microplastic. Micro-particles of plastic have a wide range of dimensional groups and low density, therefore, a lot of live organisms perceive them as a source of food. As plastic does not decay by their enzymatic system, its ingestion poses a threat for the organisms and can lead to their death. Researches show that for the last forty years the pollution of the World Ocean with plastic reached such scales that this material began to get not only into the food of sea inhabitants, but also into the food of people.The problem of the sea garbage acquires special relevance among a number of the environmental problems caused by the consumer orientation of exploitation of the environment. Russia is not an exception. Researches of content of microplastic in the marine environment are conducted in the Russian Federation since 2005 in the South of the Far East, in the water areas of the Amur, Ussuriysk gulfs and Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan), in the Baltic Sea and on Baikal. However, the organization of the solution of the problem of the sea garbage and processing of plastic in Russia is at the formation stage.