Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: Petrova Yu., Yarovoy M.

According to data for 2014, Crimean Tatars occupied the third place in the rating of nations by population of the Republic of Crimea after the peninsula became the part of the Russian Federation. They are Turkic people, historically formed in the Crimea and the Northern Black Sea coast; along with small Karaites and Krymchaks, Crimean Tatars belong to the indigenous population of the Crimea. Also, Crimean Tatars live in the regions of Russia adjacent to the Crimea (2.4 thousand, mainly in the Krasnodar Territory) and in the adjacent regions of Ukraine (2.9 thousand, mainly in the Kherson region), as well as in Turkey, Romania (24 thousand, mainly in the County of Constanta), Uzbekistan (90 thousand, estimates from 10 thousand to 150 thousand), Bulgaria (3 thousand). There is no official number of Crimean Tatars in Turkey, yet some researches state that there are 100,000 speakers of Crimean Tatar language in Turkey, at the same time some Crimean Tatar activists estimate a figure about 6 million people. The activists have reached this number by taking one million Tatar immigrants to Turkey as a starting point and multiplying this number by the birth rate in the span of the last hundred years. Another source claims that 5-6 million people live in Turkey, whose ancestors at different times (from the end of the XVIII to the beginning of the XX century) moved to this country from the Crimea. This gives an opportunity to Crimean Tatar public organizations of Turkey to assert that several millions of Crimean Tatars live in the country. However, most of the descendants of Crimean Tatar immigrants in Turkey assimilated and consider themselves Turks. The actual number of Crimean Tatars in Turkey is unknown, since data on the ethnic composition of the country's population in Turkey have not been published since 1965. Crimean Tatars have a strong cultural connection with the inhabitants of Northern Turkey, i.e. the Turks of the southern Black Sea coast, which is expressed in the community of etiquette, religion, relations to the family and children, peculiarities of the wedding.

6

Authors: Shestakov Y.

The cultural and philosophic explication of the notion “national security culture” is presented. It is argued that the essence of the “national security culture” definition is reflected in the cultural certainty of the goals and methods of national security generated by the influence of both exogenous and endogenous factors. In Russia, such certainty is impossible without the community of axiological unity around its cultural and historic core. It is impossible to achieve this unity without a consensus about the cognition and evaluation of its past, that is, without the formation of a common historical consciousness. Historical consciousness fragmentation under the globalization processes influence in modern Russia leads to the diffusion of cultural certainty and security purposes and means of determinancy. This, in its turn, determines the hazard of safety culture elimination. In consequence of the national security culture temporal certainty, foundation of its unite national historical consciousness is considered to be the main formation factor. Therefore, in order to ensure national security, it is necessary to build the self-awareness of Russian citizens on the basis of not individualistic and pragmatic, but historically formed collectivist and spiritual values. Mainly they define the Russia civilization archetype and appear to be the main determinant of its cultural identity preservation. Since the historical consciousness is a basic factor in ensuring the society axiological consensus, while collectivistic and ideocratic components are the dominant in the Russians’ mentality the following author conclusion appears to be legitimate. The cultural-historical certainty of the goals and methods of national security determines the necessity to provide the historical consciousness with the priority status of a national security object. Citizens associations under the dominant role of the state will act as the subjects of national security ensuring.

6

Authors: Khazan Y.

In this article author argues that the AKP is not a classical political party, but an economic enterprise (cartel) and an ideological organization based on political Islam. These two properties allow us to assume with a high degree of probability what actions the AKP and Erdogan may take in order to remain in power, and also provide an opportunity to make sound forecasts of the political situation in Turkey for the near future.In the first years of its rule, the AKP created a new layer of monopoly bourgeoisie closely connected with Western monopolies, which has exploited all the means of the state apparatus. The AKP itself was an organic component of this layer, which was organized as a consortium led by Erdogan himself and his cohort. The ideological goals of the AKP, based on political Islam, allowed them to establish a strong social basis for the newly created regime. They eliminated internal competition, for instance by appointing the party’s co-founder Abdullah Gul president in 2007, a role that was largely ceremonial at the time. Thus the AKP turned itself into a Bonapartist dictatorship. This dictatorship was consolidated in an informal coalition with the Gulenists, even in a power-sharing, giving them whole apparatus of judiciary and police. The current popular opinion among the politicians is that Erdogan is going to turn away from the traditional pro-American position that has been followed by all Turkish governments since the 1950s. However, this opinion does not coincide with reality. Firstly, the AKP as an economic enterprise and as the state itself is bound up through umbilical cord with imperialism and it has to act in line with the interests of the new class it represents. Secondly, AKP is ideologically an American project. This project, namely political islam, nowhere, and, especially not in Turkey will be able to free itself from this pro- Americanism because of historical and ideological reasons. And because of practical ones: The US and the EU, as it is appeared in the lawsuit against Zarrab in New York, have a lot of trumps in the game against AKP and Erdogan, and Erdogan has almost nothing. The results of this process will be manifested in the Kurdish problem. The USA has transformed the Kurdish nationalist movement into its collaborator one, and it relies on the Kurds to legitimize its illegal presence in Syria. The Erdogan regime is currently in a de-facto coalition with the “traditional” Turkish fascist movement (MHP – Nationalist Movement Party) to oppose the Kurdish national demands and even their right to exist as a people. But this policy cannot last forever. Erdogan’s government, allegedly rejecting any concessions on the Kurdish issue, should indeed find out a way of reconciliation with the Kurdish nationalist movement in the sense of common pro-Americanism.

9

Authors: Matetskaya A.

In recent decades, the classical theory of secularization has been criticized because it does not make it possible to provide an adequate analysis of the religious situation in the world at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries. New theoretical approaches that take into account activization of religions in recent decades and conversion of forms of religiosity are emerging. However, criticism of the secularization theory does not mean that all of its conclusions were erroneous. According to this theory, the most important aspect of secularization was the process of separating religion from other social institutions, in particular, from the state. As a result of the secularization process in Western societies, a secular state was formed, and religion turned into a private matter of an individual, that was reflected in the concepts of the privatization of religion, the invisible religion, etc. The result of secularization was the dominance of secularism as a form of world outlook and the appearance of a way of social life that implies not only separation of religion from the state and other social institutions, but dominance of secular values, ideas and norms in the public and worldview sphere. In the modern globalizing world, the spreading of secularism is a part of the global spreading of Western values. However, outside Western European societies, secularism can take forms which are different from the Western model historically based on the rethinking of the Catholic and Protestant heritage. This article examines the specific form of secularism that developed in Bulgaria and was called by K. Ghodsee "symphonic secularism." It is based on the idea inherited from Orthodoxy about interrelation between religion and politics, church and state, allowing even in modern conditions state intervention in regulation of religious issues. This form of secularism does not exclude religious pluralism and does not imply a deep personal religiousity. Religion appears as not so much as the doctrine of an individual salvation, but rather as the basis of cultural, ethnic and political identity. Specific forms of secularism and understanding of religion affect the religious situation in modern Bulgaria.

4

Authors: Filatova T.

Analysis results, obtained during the expeditionary researches along the Russian Black Sea coast in 2007-2008, showed that significant increase of the biogenic matters in the coastal zone in comparison with the sea zone is usually observed at the confluence of rivers, in cities and in the ports. The main critical zones of ecological risk in the Black Sea are formed in the places of river runoff influence. With the recreational load on beaches and coast the increase of biogenic matters in the sea waters of littoral zones occurs, the cases of unfavorable treatment on dissolved oxygen are observed, the contamination level tendency stabilization of sea inshore waters is preserved.

6

Authors: Mustafaev M., Mustafaeva Z.

It is considered the problem of finding the formula of the inter-ethnic communication intensity coefficient in the context of the Russian modern polynational society. It should be emphasized that this concept of the theory of inter-ethnic communication is still sufficiently relevant and it was represented for the first time to the scientific community in the 1980s, by the well-known authority of Soviet Science, Professor M.S. Dzhunusov. In the view of the philosophical-anthropological and interdisciplinary approaches, as well as the migration processes both within and outside the Republic, it is justified the relevance of the studied problem, that is the problem of finding the formula of the inter-ethnic communication intensity coefficient. The concept is not only relevant, but also original. Special attention is paid to the comprehensive and interdisciplinary analysis of the concept "the formula of the inter-ethnic communication intensity coefficient" in a particularly specific region of modern Russia, such as the Republic of Dagestan, where a great number of Russian nationalities and the Republic have been sufficiently interacting for centuries. Based on regional aspect and transformation, the problem aims at the prospects of creating an integrated (variative) theoretical concept, taking into account the nature, specific characteristics and prospects of its development at a time of radical breaking of "Soviet stereotypes", traditions, analysis and evaluation of the system of national and international values and the principles of the study. Therefore, definite aspects of this reserach are objectively debatable. It covers various aspects of the problem, such as international communication (philosophicalanthropological, socio-psychological, socio-cultural, social, inculturation, identification, social contacts and relations in the system of communication and social relations).

7

Authors: Petrova Yu., Yarovoy M.

The Eastern Black sea region has been developing independently for more than four centuries, within this period the culture of this territory has changed, that has led to a change in intercultural interaction. In today's globally competitive and more peaceful condition of existence, there is a need for constructive dialogue between neighbors, which leads to the need for a better understanding of each of the parties. Comparative culturology can help to determine the differences and common points of contact of the peoples of the eastern Black Sea region, which will open the door for deep, lasting and long-term relations between the cultures and people of Georgia, Abkhazia and the Krasnodar territory of Russia. The aim of the study is to reveal the cultural background on the basis of which these people can interact and determine if there are positive prospects for joint interaction in various spheres of culture. To achieve these goals, several research steps have been carried out, in particular, they include: the definition of comparative study as a term and as a scientific basis for research; comparison of the declared cultures from a non-verbal point of view; providing data on the multilateral distribution of languages in neighboring areas; analysis of the traditional aspect of cultures of Georgia, Abkhazia and the Krasnodar territory of Russia. The final part of the study shows promising results on today's and future cultural interaction in the region of the eastern coast of the Black Sea.

7

Authors: Nesmeyanov E., Olenich T.

The processes of globalization and Euro-Atlantic integration, the spread among the Russian youth of postmodern values destroy the Orthodox tradition and its inherent culture and morality. In such circumstances, the study of the spiritual security of the individual becomes an issue, which the article aims at discussing. The authors come to the conclusion that in the process of forming traditional values among young people, spiritual security is the semantic core of national security and a buffer of all negative trends related to the spiritual sphere. The spiritual security of Russia can and should be the guardian of the cultural and civilizational development of society, give impetus to the vital spiritual interests and needs of the individual. The society and the state face the task of developing forms and methods of public control over the formation of spiritual values that will correspond to Russia's national interests. The central core of such spiritual system should be relations, within which patriotism and an active civil position, but at the same time, favorable conditions for the positive creation of spirituality will be provided. At the same time, relying on public interests and established religious norms of behavior within traditional confessions, the most numerous denominations – Orthodox and Islam – should influence the formation of the system of public relations and the upbringing of the spiritual and moral ideals of youth. The conclusions are confirmed by the results of a sociological survey conducted by the Don state technical university entitled "The ratio of youth in the Rostov region to the Russian Orthodox Church and believers in the context of their support for traditional cultural values", in which more than 1,000 students aged 18 to 35 of all leading universities in the region took part.

8

Authors: Varenik A., Filatova T., Kleschenkov A.

Human activity significantly affects the substances content in the atmosphere, their natural cycles and budget. The chemical composition of atmospherical condensation is one of the main characteristics of atmospheric air pollution level. But in addition they also serve as a significant source of various substances inflow in maritime and continental ecosystems, capable to change their ecological state. Mainly this fact determines the urgency of studying the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation.It is presented a comparative content characteristic of basic biogenic elements (inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus) in the atmospherical condensation in the background and urbanized areas on the Black Sea coast (v. Katsiveli and Sevastopol) and in the Rostov-on-Don region in May-September 2016. The difference of concentrations in condensations of background and urbanized regions is considered, the reasons of this difference are analyzed. The possible influence of condensations on the geological substate is estimated. It is shown that ammoniacal and nitrate were the basic forms of nitrogen in the atmospherical condensations of all observation points. In Rostov-on-Don, the content of ammonium was significantly higher than the content of nitrates, which can be explained by the entry of this element into the atmosphere from rice checks, located near the sampling site. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the atmospherical condensations of Rostov-on-Don exceeded the concentration in the Crimean coast region in 5 times, which may be connected with the influence of rice checks and a grain terminal near the sampling stations, as well as the introduction of phosphates into the atmosphere by winds blowing in the direction from the Salsky steppes.

5

Authors: Klimov Petr, Basilaia Mariana

Technogenic pollution of the environment has a negative impact on the health of the population. At-mospheric air is an integral component of the environment, which is associated with the most part of health risks from environmental factors. The risk concept makes it possible to obtain a quantitative assessment of the potential and real danger to public health, implied with the levels of exposure to adverse environmental factors in the real conditions of populated areas.The purpose of the study is to assess the pollution of atmospheric air in connection with the health risk to the population of Rostov-on-Don. Monitoring of atmospheric pollution is carried out at seven fixed stations of the State Environmental Observing Service of the Rostov State Hydrometeorological Service. The average annual and maximum concentrations of eight air pollutants were analyzed. Excess ratio of admissible concentration limit and complex index of air pollution Р were used as indicators characterizing air pollution. For risk assessment, the risk of immediate action (reflex effects), chronic intoxication, and carcinogenic risk were calculated. Rostov-on-Don is a large industrial and administrative-territorial center, a transport hub. Motor transport plays the leading role in the atmospheric air pollution of the city. The atmospheric air of Rostov-on-Don is polluted above the permissible hygienic standards. The pollution level in the central part of the city, determined by the indicator P (average annual con-centrations) is in 1.5 times higher than in the relatively clean Northern residential area. The risk of immediate action in the central part of the city is in 3.38 times higher, the risk of chronic intoxication is higher in 2.05 times, compared to the Northern residential community of the city. According to the results of the risk assessment on immediate action and chronic intoxication from air pollution, the most dangerous to the health of the population are suspended substances, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, phenol and formaldehyde. Chromium and formaldehyde mainly contribute to the formation of carcinogenic risks from the air pollution.

5

Authors: Yudina Natalia, Lysova Ekaterina, Koroleva Alla

The modern demographic and social processes of urbanization lead to intensive development of new planning and territorial structures, urban agglomerations. Today, the agglomeration is viewed as an integral socio-economic space with a common system of transport and engineering services, a single natural and ecological framework of the territory. The stability of such urban ecosystems can be assessed through the comfort of life and health of the population, based on groups of criteria: natural-anthropogenic, social, medico-ecological. The analysis of forming ecological carcass of Rostov agglomeration educed potential conflict between development of big city and emphasizing of specially-protected areas (nature reserve “Levoberezhny”) in its boundary. Thus, under the density increase ofmigratory birds on the territories of the nature reserve in the suburbs, theprobability of outbreak risk increase of such diseases, as Francis disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and West Nile encephalitis (WNE) is growing. The contact of migrants with established synanthropic urban populations can lead to carry and seasonal rooting of arbovirus infections. The safety and comfort of living in urban agglomerations with territorially close specially protected natural areas directly depends on monitoring the species diversity and the number of epidemiologically significant faunal components as potential carriers and vectors of the causative agents of zoonotic infections.

6

Authors: Basilaia Mariana, Zharkova Maria

To date, there is an unprecedented global environmental crisis, which literally turns into the general crisis of civilization in the eyes of the present generation, which adversely affects all spheres of life: economic, spiritual, social. The question of how to understand and find real ways to overcome this crisis today becomes extremely topical. The most common for today and often unpredictable are environmental crises and pol-lution of the anthropogenic environment, which are largely caused by anthropogenic factors, i.e. various factors caused by and conditioned by human activity. In general, the ecological crisis reflects the social cause - the antagonism of society’s relations to the country. The ecological crisis is a crisis not only and not so much the interaction of people with nature. It accompanied with the spiritual crisis – a crisis in the formation of their ecological consciousness, interaction with each other. The solution of the ecological problem must begin with the solution of the problem of “common” consciousness, activity, culture in society, the formation of responsibility for the fate of the Earth. Argumentation of the meaning of co-evolution with the biosphere consists in the fact that the man and all living things on the Earth are derivatives of nature, they are inseparable. Thus, the unity and meaning of the harmonic image of ecological existence must penetrate into the consciousness of each person. Only thank to man, the work of mankind and its biosphere function and only in alliance with man, animate nature can rise to a higher level of its organization. Any solution of global planetary issues, especially those related to the vital activity of civilization and the biosphere, must be based on the ideological origin. And only on the basis of the biosphere development logic and society as an integral part of the biosphere and its nature, mankind has the right to assess the current ecological situation and formulate plans for its operation.Overcoming the fundamental difficulties associated with non-trivial solutions to global problems of harmonic co-evolution depends on the cognitive power of science. Contemporary moral imperative and ecological harmony ideology cannot be formed without the appropriate level of society education.

6

Authors: Bezuglova Olga

The environment in which a man and animals live, greatly affects their health. A range of serious diseases of unclear etiology are obliged to the soil composition on which the food eaten by animals and humans is grown. It was determined by the works of A.P. Vinogradov and V.V. Kowalski. Excess or lack of chemical elements, and even more a violation of their ratio, become the causes of thyroid diseases, the enamel tooth damage, the bone system diseases, etc. Such diseases of A.P. Vinogradov called endemic, and the territories with an anomalous content of chemical elements - biogeo-chemical or endemic provinces. It is conditioned by the fact that many microelements participate in vitally important processes, occurring in the organism – hematosis,digestion, in the work of nervous and hormone systems. Microelements play the role of biological catalysts, being a part of enzymes, hormones and some vitamins, thereby influencing the growth, development, reproductive function. Not only by failures in the supply of microelements to the organism play the important role in the development of some or other diseases, but also by a violation of the balance between individual chemical elements, including macroelements. Thus, scientists associate an increased risk of stomach cancer with insufficient magnesium in food and water (but the primary reason is in soils), as well as with the violation of the ratio distortion in soil solution between the ions Ca, Mg and Mn. Magnesium promotes the correct absorption and use of calcium, as well as other important nutrients. If a lot of calcium comes with food, without enough magnesium, excessive calcium can practically become toxical, inducingdiseased states in the organism. Even earlier, Rostov scientists V.V.Akimtsev, Z.M. Mitlin, I.I. Smolyaninov, who wrote the book “Soils and human health” in 1966, came to the conclusion about the extreme importance of the chemical elements correlation in soils, the effect of soil composition on the quality of products obtained on them, and the connection with the spread of cancer diseases. They were among the first in the scientific world to see and convincingly showed the relationship between the chemical composition of soils and the cancer spread. In particular, they found that the frequency of the gastric cancer occurrence dramatically increases in those areas of the Rostov region, Krasnodar Territory, North Ossetia, Dagestan, where the content of water-soluble magnesium in soils falls below the threshold - 0.002%.

7

Authors: Akaev Vakhit

The formation features of the Russian civil nation are seen as a strengthening factor of the multinational Russian people unity, defined in the Russian Constitution as a carrier of sovereignty and the only source of power. The problematization of the interethnic relations improvement in the country at the present stage is actualized by the need for theoretical understanding of the possibility creating “theRussian nation law” in Russia. This issue has debatable, ambiguous nature; many national researchers are against the development and adoption of such a law. Opinions are expressed that in the national state policy, the improvement of interethnic relations in Russia, the resource of economic, political, cultural development of the multinational Russian people is not over. Many things in the nations and nationalities development, solid formation of local and ethnic, regional values, forms of identity should be realized in various regions of the country. There is a multi-level character of the all-Russian identity, which should be taken into consideration in the course of its formation. The development of the all-Russian identity as the foundation for the Russian civil nation formation is represented on the basis of strengthening, development of such ethno-cultural diversity.

7

Authors: Kolosova Olga, Goncharov Vadim

Development of social ecological practices, their wide spreading through the system of scientific knowledge, education and upbringing, formation of ecological structure can contribute to overcoming of ecological crises, satisfaction of society primary demands and provision of worthy life level for every person. The content and constructive orientation of social ecological practices of a person in a greater degree are conditioned by balance between ecological problems, which touch upon the quality of life and make somebody to undertake active steps for ecological threat removal, ecological hazard overcoming, by original mountings for reformation (by intentions) of environment, by social qualities, determining the optimal choice of social changes model, by conventions as mutually agreed actions of social subjects in the general sociocultural and natural space, and, eventually, by social technologies as the practice instruments. The phenomenon of socially ecological practices has the close interconnection with structure transformations in all spheres of the society activity. The indice of social health represent the indicator of given transformations. The social health characterizes vitality of the society. The social health index represents correlation of healthy and unhealthy life mode of population. Institutionalization of ecological practices relating to an integral health index is in the third levels of social reality: social structures, person and culture. Social ecological practices represent a double phenomenon, where positive and negative processes closely interlace. The last one manifests in the low level of ecological structure, expressing in all aspects of a person’s life (the low level of ecological enlightenment, education, upbringing and behavior). Under the condition of involvement in all social institutes the positive social ecological practices represent the meaning of innovative ecological modernization of all Russian society regions. They are not only appealed to transform socionatural reality of the modern society, but contribute to the choice of ecologically-efficient models of daily behavior, socionatural activity, reflecting the necessity of spiritually-moral attitude recreation towards nature. Ecological ideology, as axiological component of ecological culture, purposefully influences to ecological humanism formation, understanding of nature as the highest panhuman value. Ecological humanism, as the modern form of humanism includes the following principles: harmony of a person with nature; equivalence of everything alive; non-violence; self-containment instead of consumerism; a loving and creative personality formation; necessity of moral self-improvement; preservation of diversity of nature, person and culture. The fast development of cottage construction, organization of suburban cooperatives, ecological tourism, amenity planting of inhabited localities, creation of protected areas in the cities, ecosettlements, environmental ethics that speaks for restoration of preservation demand and augmentation of natural resources and coevolutionary development of society and nature.

10

Authors: Shenkao Muhamed

Various forms of toasts are considered: from the time of the Nart epic to modern time. In our study we rely on materials of Sakieva A., Kardangush Zaramuk, Naloyeva Zaura, Inal-Ipa Sh., Bigua S. “Khuekhu” (khokh – it is goodwill in a verbal form) – part of the traditional life and culture of peoples. Khokhs, as good wishes, are not always and not everywhere revealed, but only in this place and at a given time, i.e. at the moment of “pial’e” (time, the point of intersection of time and place). The place and time of the khokh utter-ance define its direction, its “depth”, etc. On the other hand, khokh is an art of folk eloquence, and as such it was not given to everyone. A person who undertook to speak a special khokh (toast), apparently, had to learn from others for a long time. It was believed that the speaker spoke beautifully in the name of God that God “tkh’e, anchva”, put in his mouth the highest, noble words of the people. In the epic “Narts” he was given to Sosruko, for his deeds in the name of people’s Nart goods. The great old man, the hero of the epic Nasren-Zhache, taking the word from the toastmaster, with a khokh, kind word, blesses Ashamez, Nartsky. To re-ceive good wishes from the hero is no less important event than to obtain the khokh of the Gods, as he (the hero) has seen a lot, done a lot, i.e. he is almost godlike. In the system of education of the Adygea-Abkhazian knight consciousness, a significant role was played by words – infusions (suggestions), received through in-structions in khokhs. A man somehow completed his education in the khokhs, he discovered new truths and expanses of being. Thus, one can see that khokhs can be different. They are pronounced on various occa-sions: the beginning of the peasant's work, housewarming, coming out to the spring field, etc. The mountai-neers also have the sacred khokhs about food on the table, table generosity. Toasts were pronounced in the name of son-in-law or son, or daughter-in-law. Abkhazians-Christians have a lot of khokhs. The art of elo-quence, goodwill, here, on the ancient land of Apsna, achieves high perfection, aristocratic spirit. At the table, Abkhazians strictly follow themselves and their neighbors: is “Apsuara” (“Abkhazianity”) respected? But through the Apsuara and Adyghenity, the peoples defend their national identity, their individual uniqueness, not willing to dissolve and disappear among other ethnic groups. The ability to pronounce khokh is an indica-tor of a person's culture for the peoples of the North and West Caucasus. Khokhs are not just words to the place and time, but words-feelings, word-concepts, words-sacral, organizing and subordinating people. The concepts of people’ beauty, its morality, behavior etiquette, truth are as if concretized and specificated in the toasts. The importance of this topic is shown for a deeper understanding and study of the Caucasus people culture.

4

Authors: Tuaeva Lali, Kochieva Zhanna

The initial position of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, is the statement that health as a specific social sphere of society has its own peculiarities, presupposing the primacy of medical results over financial ones. In this sense, market relations action sphere of in health service is limited. The concept, explaining the need for civil service or public health control is concluded in the fact that the free market (in its pure form), often considered to be a self-regulating and most effective way of achieving the enterprise rise, is simply unsuitable for the health service system due to the fact that health service, as a branch of the social economy, has a number of characteristics that violating the market operation mechanism.The development of market relations, at the moment, practically has not affected the authorities financial mechanism, where the extensive approach under financing still prevails. In modern conditions, domestic health service financing requires a thorough rethinking. Health service as a branch of the public economy has a number of characteristics, violating the market mechanism operation. There is an acute problem of used resources efficient allocation to improve the accessibility and quality of medical assistance. Its solution requires improving management practices, comparative evaluation methods of possible variants available resources distribution and choice grounding of the best of them, which is connected with economic, market, technological, social, political and other factors that need to be addressed.

5

Authors: Tuaeva Lali

The research results of infection rate and medical personnel provision in whole along Russian Federation, regions of North Caucasian federal district and Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are brought in the article. The conducted comparative analysis allowed estimating expenditure facilities efficiency to the health service, educing a row of regional problems and marking the ways of their solving. The author made a row of conclusions: 1) over a period of на 2005–2014 sickness rate of Russians in whole in-creased on 5,8%, along the regions of NCFD and the population infection rate on the contrary decreased on 4,6%, and in RNO-Alania - one of the seven subjects of NCFD - population sickness rate increased in 3,1 times in comparison with all-Russian indice, and in comparison with average district indice practically in 4 times; 2) under the higher sickness rate in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania doctors provision in the region is significantly higher: thus in 2014 it comprised 70,3 of doctors per 10 000 of population, and in 2015 – 63,9 of doctors per 10 000 of population that is practically in 1,5 times more than along RF (48,9 and 48,1 accordingly) and in whole in the regions of NCFD (41,6, and 39,6 accordingly); 3) under the significantly higher doctors provision their average salary appeared to be lower than that of neighboring regions and more distant but demographically comparable subjects of the Russian Federation. The author made a conclusion on the need to optimize the staff of medical and preventive institutions in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alaniya in order to create a more efficient system for providing medical services, the types, quality and volumes of which will correspond to the level, structure of morbidity and population needs, with maintaining of beds optimal number and staff size of medical personnel.

5

Authors: Dwight Israelsen, Kulumbekova Marina

The results of pharmaceutical merchandising as an element of consumer behavior regulation model atpharmaceutical market are given in the article. The following five aspects can be referred to pharmaceutical merchandising: 1) salesroom (format, pharmacy model, zones planning); 2) laying out (planning, formation and shopwindows design). Different variants of laying out are possible, depending on goals, which are set in front of it: “attractive”, “to lay out all assortment”, “little-known medications should be laid out” and etc.; 3) commercial (location and accessibility of information for a consumer in the pharmacy). It should be mentioned that the famous merchandising rule does not work for medications, stating that the decision about purchase in 70 % of cases is accepted at the sale points; 4) shopwindows assortment (priority formation in laying out on the economic analysis basis). Particularly, under ABC-analysis all received medication titles are arranged into several groups: A group characterizes high-turnover medications (in demand), they comprise 10% of assortment and give 80% of commodity circulation; В group - medium-turnover, 15% ofcommodity items fall on their interest – provide 15 % ofcommodity circulation; low-turnover goods of pharmaceutical assortment are included into group C (about 75% of commodity items – comprise 5% from commodity circulations. Additionally, nowadays, group D – acute –turnover commodity groups are emphasized under the analysis of pharmaceutical assortment in many pharmaceutical organizations; 5) integration of “merchandising pharmaceutical companies” (determination of principles and formats of effective “pharmacy reaction” to “merchandising from outside”). In this particular case one can speak about purchase of “popular places at shopwindows”. However, the problem is not in the fact that this phenomenon is not popular.

6

Authors: Zhbannikova Marina, Milenkaya Kseniya

Globalization processes significantly increase in the modern world, the scientists more often deviate from regional researches to more extensive territorial researches, comprising not only the region of their habitation. Black Sea region - the territory, which originally was a centre of a highly developed culture, science and medicine. An attempt to give historiographic review of researches, produced mainly in Istanbul in the period from the end of XIX century, when the first publications appeared according to the theme ofTurkish medical history, and to the first part of ХХ century is undertaken in the given writing, dedicated to medicine history in Turkey. The subject matter is formation, historical evolution and the modern state of medicine history in Turkey, predominantly published in Istanbul. The problems of medicine history teaching touched upon in Turkey, connected with language and linguistic peculiarities, creation of dictionaries, which helped to use the basic medical terms and conceptions. It is shown how medicine history education in Turkish language and also history of development and formation of this process were important for the students and listeners. The emersion of Turkish books on medical history, as of Turkish authors (for instance, MekhmetEminFekhmi), so the translated writings (Huseyin Ramsey – “Tarih-iTıb”) is very significant. It is interesting that even the workers of various Istanbul hospitals could be the authors of the books. The first years of ХХ century were marked by the works, where the researches of medical historical societies (RysaTahsin – “Mirat-iMektebiTıbbiye”) were described. The works on Turkish medicine history were actively developed in 20-s of ХХ century under conditions of young Turkish republic formation. The challenges in the given work are: to generally consider the biographies of outstanding Turkish medicine historians and their writings, wrote in the first part of ХХ century, which contributed to Turkish science.

6

Authors: Sklyarova Elena

Crimean War of 1853 – 1856 is a factor of important socio-political and socio-medical reforms. Study of these cases is characterized as interdisciplinary. At the edge of Crimean War Great Britain press highlighted aspiration of the empire to capture rus-sian territories of Black sea region, also reforms and work of E.Chadwick, founder of public health system, were criticized, he was wanted to be away from members of par-liament and London oligarchs due to his extreme reforms and British corruption. The article represents several effects of Crimean War, its meaning for establishing of public health system in Great Britain, reforms and pioneering work of Edwin Chadwick, Flo-rence Nightingale, also brought up issues of urbanization, pauperism, migration, corruption, health care of cities and army. Developing ideas of utilitarianism and benthamism, E.Chadwick proved advantage of establishing of public health system, centralization of cities administration, anticorruption efforts. His undue dismissal was passing during Crimean War, preparation for abolition of serfdom and keeping of autocracy in Russia. In this period innovation seemed inconsistent to British people considering century principles for local government and nonintervention to domestic affairs of kingdom. Russia and its Black sea regions, which have become war objective for British Empire, were named as corrupted country by English press. But corruption in Great Britain, unique position of members of parliament and London oligarchs have become reasons for dismissal of founder of public health system in Great Britain. After Crimean War in cities there was a problem of social assistance for widows, street children, families with many children, epidemics. Issues of mortality, healthcare of cities and army also became an object of parliamentary debates, requiring constant interference of the government, establishing of social policy. Fresh impetus and acceptance of establishing of public health system, as well as a social policy in Great Britain have become evident in period of Crimean War after successful public activity of sister of Mercy F.Nightingale, who addressing the House with reports on morbidity level in army, highlighting existence of these social problems and peacetime in Great Britain and Black Sea regions.

7

Authors: Drobotya Natalya, Chaplygina Elena, Kamalova Olga, Sklyarova Elena

For the first time considered contribution of scientists and doctors of Don region –К. S. Agadzhanyants, Z.N. Grzhebin, М.М. Gardashyan, P.P. Kovalenko, who were working at Rostov State Medical University and made a contribution in development of medicine and health science of different Black Sea regions – Crimea, Turkey, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria. Obtaining of knowledge and experience in medical activity, they were working and teaching not only in Warsaw and Don universities, but also in Sophia and Constantinopolitan universities, defended Crimea and Sevastopol during the Great Patriotic War.After Russian revolution in 1917 psychiatrist, neurologist, professor, doctor of medicine, graduate of the medical faculty of the Imperial Military Medical Academy of St. Petersburg K. S. Aghajanyants emigrated to Turkey for reasons of policy. Student of V. Bekhterev participated in the IX Pirogov Congress with report on the role of psychotherapy in dermatology, trained in Lisbon, Berlin, was a consultant on nerve diseases of the Southern (Caucasian) Front, worked in the Red Cross, taught at University of Constantinople and Sofia University. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Z.N. Grzhebin was known in the USSR as a dermatovenereologist, he worked in Rostov-on-Don, Sochi, and Crimea. A graduate of the medical faculty of Kazan University, during the First World War, he as K.S. Aghajanyants, was on the Caucasian front, trained in Berlin. Professor Z.N. Grzhebin was a member of the board of the All-Union Society of Dermatovenerologists, dealt with problems of syphilis, skin lesions with poisonous substances, and the treatment of skin diseases in resort of Sochi-Matsesta. He took part in work of the expert commissions of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, held the posts of the dean and deputy director of Rostov Medical Institute, was head of the dermatological clinic and scientific part of the scientific research balneological institute of Sochi. Together with him worked native of present-day Turkey, the director of the Rostov Medical Institute M.M. Gardashian, whose fate was still classified in the state archives of Russia and the Rostov region after unreasonable political repression. Having headed work of Rostov Medical Institute, while holding the post of director, as well as an associate professor of the department of surgery faculty, in 1936 under his leadership a number of students of the "Fiery Release" of 1941 who during the Great Patriotic War rendered medical assistance to inhabitants of Crimea, defending Sevastopol, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Novorossiysk. P.P. Kovalenko, graduate of the Fiery Release, after the war, headed the Department of General Surgery, became a Rector of Rostov Medical Institute, was first in the USSR to organize a regional tissue bank that provided donor tissues to the hospitals of Crimea and the North Caucasus, and represented the USSR in Romania in exchange of experience. Studies of the fate of doctors and Don scientists who made a significant contribution to the development of medicine and health in the regions of the Black Sea region are interdisciplinary and international. They reflect the development of the internal and foreign policy of the USSR, the difficult period of politi-cal repression, forced emigration, and the exchange of medical experience of the uni-versities of Black Sea region.

11

Authors: Conroy Mary Schaefer

There is a prevailing myth that before the revolutions of 1917 and the advent of Soviet power, Imperial Russia did not produce factory-prepared medicines, requiring most or all such medicines to be imported. This article refutes that misconception, do-cumenting from printed and archival sources that some 300 chemical, factories and some 100 pharmaceutical factories operated in Russia in 1913 and that some zemstvos used only domestic medicines. It is emphasized that before the 20th century the vast majority of medicines were based on botanicals. This was true even after the discovery of sulfa drugs and antibiotics because some botanically based medicines were (and are now) superior to synthetics. Such was the case with quinine for malaria, endemic and epidemic throughout Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. The article explains the reasons why Russia imported the new chemically synthesized medicines, the so-called “magic bullets,” despite having prerequisites for production such as outstanding chemists and a large petroleum industry. It is underlined that the Russian pharmaceutical industry grew more robust during World War I because of synergy from many quarters and because the fetters on the industry were removed. The importance of the Black Sea Region is highlighted in the development of the Russian pharmaceutical industry before and during World War I.

5

Authors: Kolosova Olga, Goncharov Vadim,

It has been analyzed the system of social and ecological monitoring, which allows ex-panding indicator set of characteristics of the state and dynamics of society to the limits covering not only social processes, but all aspects of relationship between society and nature. The system of social and ecological monitoring allows obtaining the sociological information promoting sustainable development of society. It allows to consider in detail socially – ecological processes and the phenomena, quickly to find changes and general tendencies of transformation of such processes and phenomena, to analyze simultaneously all social subjects according to their role in the development of social and ecological processes, to provide use of new methods of environmental and social assessments. Indicator set of characteristics of state and change of society in the course of social and ecological monitoring extends to the limits covering not only social processes, but also all aspects of communications between society and nature. Object of studying of social and ecological monitoring is a society and its life environ-ment. The society loses signs of totality and alignment. It is shown as changeable set of local fragments which are poorly conformed to each other and therefore they comprise variety of scenarios of further development. As perceptible improvement of ecological situation is inseparable from rationalization of economy and growth of social involvement of citizens at the specific level of local community, this level is considered to be optimum for research. At this level features and possibilities of solution of local problems can be considered; its cultural, ethnic and religious features are taken into account, lasting experience of aboriginal population and its tradition is considered, equitable distribution of environmental risk in community is provided. Receiving reliable information about changes in public consciousness, in public orientations, their influence on ecological consciousness of people on extent of their concern in the ecological situation, on ecological activity and factors inducing to this activity is possible only when performing large-scale social and ecological monitoring. Early warning of growth of social tension in regions and in the country in general, formations of the new ecological consciousness corresponding to the modern period of development of world civilization requires studying of public opinion by state bodies, public organizations, parties and political movements, scientists and experts, members of media and education systems. Ecological awareness is a basis of ecological thinking formation. It will allow changing focus of consumer society from thoughtless ruin and exploitation of nature to careful attitude to its resources, understanding of their authentic value. Studying of public opinion on environmental problems by means of mass survey is necessary, but it is insufficient condition of forecasting of people social behavior. When considering public opinion as one of regulators of social behavior in the conditions of social and ecological intensity it is necessary to consider also the possibility of its change under influence, first of all media, rumors, activities of system of ecological education. Value of social and ecological monitoring is that it, except for fixing of changes of public opinion of the population, allows determining efficiency of specific actions for impact on public opinion of such factors as orientation and intensity of mass-media appeals to ecological subject.

5

Authors: Petrova Yulia, Yarovoy Maxim

Ecology of culture is the youngest of the cultural sciences, which meaning until re-cently was regarded as intuitively clear and not requiring special analysis. In the situation of understanding of the harmful effects of industrial civilization, ecological culture that manifests itself as a result of human understanding of unity of man and nature, as "a body of knowledge, skills, moral norms and values transmitted from generation to generation in education and training may be considered especially significant. Ecology of culture of the North Caucasus is a profound spiritual formation, based on the solid socio-historical foundation. cultural-environmental, cultural-creative activities of the North Caucasus creates human ability for transformation not only of nature, society and himself in correlation with basic anthropological values, which form the basis of cultural consciousness. Ecological culture requires constant study of the dynamics and transformation of this phenomenon due to new processes in the modern world, even more raising the significance and value of this phenomenon. In this connection there was a need for a multi-ethnic concept of modern development of ecological culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus to save for descendants the main factors of life support. At the present time the nations of the North Caucasus return to the historical past and want to experience a continuity of the ethnic past. This urge has arisen as a result of violations at some stage of the historical development of the peoples of the North Caucasus of balance between continuity and discontinuity which resulted the need for a modern collective identity. Among the main problems of the North Caucasus region, this can be described as eco-cultural issues there are several significant problems which solutions in the short term are very important for the development among the people of the North Caucasus. One of the main threats to cultural heritage - thriving in the North Caucasus "black archeology", which means illegal excavations at archaeological sites in order to extract artifacts for economic gain. Equally important, but considered a traditional problem for the North Caucasus region is the destruction of monuments of archeology and history in new construction. Along with these cultural problems of ecology, it is also essential to mention that the Caucasian peoples are no exception and problems that are specific for the whole of Russia also relevant and important for them.

5

Authors: Mustafaeva Maida, Mustafaev Farid, Mustafaev Mustafa

It has been carried out a comparative socially-philosophical analysis of value orientations of the modern Dagestan youth, its relation to national and international problems in the region. Sociological material quiz and analysis of Dagestan students opinion is indicated there: DSU, DSPU, DSMA, DSTU and DSAA. Distribution of answers according to universities gives differentiating picture of students value orientations. Thus, for instance, during sociocultural and ethnonational values research of various socially-ethnical cultures modern studentship, the answers to the question “What do you follow in your behavior?” shown that traditions and customs of elders, ancestors act as the basic behavior regulator for 52,1 % of Dagestan students. Also the opinions of “relatives and friends”, surrounding people significantly influence on Dagestan students. Many students act in a certain manner by force of “habit” (17%), and “calculation” (12%) stands behind their actions. A lot of people follow “exiting national traditions” in their behavior (64, 6%). Behavior formation on “calculation” is accepted to consider as pragmatic tendencies manifestation in a person moral orientations, which in their turn, act as the result of socially-political instability of modern society, changes in the sphere of labor and personal relations, reflect disbelief to the authority and surrounding people. Birthplace and nationality of a person, settled factor can also significantly influence on his value system formation. According to the results of the research, natives of the Dagestan village are in their behavior more inclined to follow “surrounding people opinion” (35%), “existing national traditions” (35%). Urban students – “opinion of relatives and friends” (27%), “habit” (13%), “law” (10%), “intelligence” (60%). Determination of a person moral quality in the ethnonational environment is considered to be the important moment under the value orientations analysis of the Dagestan student youth. It turned out that the students of the Dagestan universities more over appreciate in people such qualities as honesty (68,7%), kindness (40,6%), industry (28,7%), modesty (28,1%) and self-esteem (25,7%). But patriotism and internationalism are more highly ap-preciated by the Dagestan students (60,9%), than other personal qualities. The idea about Dagestan students estimation peculiarities of some or other features, person qualities, be-ginning from patriotism, gives us their further analysis depending on gender, speciality, university, nationality, place of birth and a year of study. If speak about patriotism and in-ternationalism separately in the respondents estimations according to the indicated para-meters, then men (youth) (63%) highly estimate the given quality, than women (girls) (38%). The students of technical specialities (45%) estimate patriotic orientations and qualities of a person higher, than humanitarian (25%) and naturalist students (20%). Among DSPU there are about (32%) of such students, while in DSMA there are (22%), but in DSAA the given quality remained without estimation. 28% of Russian students consider patriotism and internationalism to be valuable qualities of a person. Patriotism is rather more valuable for the village natives (45%). Industry, working efficiency, patriotism and internationalism are rather more valuable qualities for men (33%), technical specialties students (35%), DSTU students (43%), equally for the students of Kumyk, Lezgin and Lak nationalities (35%), those who live in urban area (40%). Self-esteem is more estimated by women (girls) (29%), technical specialties students (31%), DSTU students (46%), respondents of Lak nationality (39%) and urban natives (34%).

6

Authors: Zubareva Svetlana

Security problem of the generation “Y” in Russia and in the countries of the Black Sea region have a special actuality in connection with alterations, nowadays taking place in the world geopolitical situation. Considering the character of occurrent events and their consequences, directly influencing on population employable part, it is necessary to con-sider possible threats and risks, which the young generation representatives can be sub-jected. The influence of occurred events in the values formation context of young people generation first was considered by the American sociologists Neil Howe and William Strauss in 1991. Under the “Y” population they understood people, born from 1984 to 2003, characterized by deep involvement into digital technologies. Nowadays the given generation of young people is in the frustration state in conse-quence of discrepancy of wishes to existing possibilities, among which are available edu-cation, privileged accommodation, financial independence, presence of high-paying job. In the period of economic stability the problems can be solved and soften, then in connection with the economic crises in Russia, unstable economic situation, inflation they are considerably complicated. The given mental condition is capable to lead to undesirable consequences, negative for the society in whole. An individual begins to be dangerous not only for himself, but also for the surrounding people, losing the moral orientations under the conditions of traditional norms and values dithering. The youth as a transit and unstable group is mainly defenceless in front of the negative tendencies of modernity. Thus, gradually values of labor, freedom, democracy, international tolerance are neutralized. Under that avalanche criminalization of the youth takes place, numerical strength of the young people with social deviations also arouses, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, participation in extreme movements and cyberterrorism. Taking into consideration that the future is depended on the generation “Y” there ap-pears demand in system, regulating comprehensive development of the youth potential. Formation and system effective functioning of the youth social safety of Russia and the Black Sea region countries is necessary in all spheres of the generation “Y” activity. Or-ganization-administrative maintenance creates conditions, contributing to state of a person self-protection, social group, and community from the threats violation of their vital interests, rights, freedoms. The given process is necessary especially in political and socially-economic life for functioning of social, economic, cultural potential and also contributed to international competitive ability supplying and national security fortification. For the recent years the security problems of the young generation are in the focus of scientific community and of various levels authorities. In Russia this is reflected in realization of various social programs, such as juridical consulting, healthy lifestyle promotion, and organization of the youth international interaction, support of voluntary initiatives, assistance in employment, civic engagement increasing, and assistance delivery for the young people in difficult situations. However, in connection with alterations, taking place in the world space and in the countries of the Eastern Europe and North Asia, particularly it is necessary to consider, that the given process is out the frames of one country and requires collegial decision of countries according to the question of the modern youth security of the Black Sea post-Soviet countries.

7

Authors: Stepanyan Oleg

Last great algological researches on Abkhazia shelf were conducted in 1960-1970s. In connection with USSR disintegration, war conflict, maritime scientific researches in this region were not realized more than 20 years. In July 2010 South scientific centre RAS for the first time conducted the complex ecosystem researches in the contemporary history of Republic of Abkhazia, the modern estimation of phytobentos condition was one of the challenges. Phytobentos sample taking is conducted in the littoral zone of Abkhazian shelf at the depth of 50m in the borders of work territory. At the row of stations with depths from 10 to 50m sea bottom dredgings were conducted with drag, bottom silt probes were selected with bottom-grab Van Veen, a part of the material was collected at breakwaters. Macro water plants in the soil probes, collected with bottom-grab Van Veen were ab-sent. Drag is appeared to be the most efficient, in the result of several dredging in the point with coordinates of 43º08'09" n.l. and 40º24'09" e.l. with deepness of 34 m, water plants, attached to small boulders, with total mass to 0,5 kg were raised. Among macro water plants the representatives of red water plants – Ceramium, Polysiphonia and brown – Cystosira, Dilophys predominated. Green water plants in the deep-water probes were not detected. At the same time predominance of the green and red water plants is detected in the littoral zone in fouling hydrotechnic construction (breakwaters) communities. Earlier A.A. Kalugina-Gutnik showed that water plants species composition is poor, because of loose grounds domination – just 113 of species or 38,7% from the general numerical strength of macro water plants of the Black sea, at that the leading position is taken by red and brown water plants. In the course of researches 33 water plant species were detected, from them green water plants – 11, red – 14, brown – 8. The conclusion of A.A. Kalugina-Gutnik about thickets water plants absence at the great part of Abkhazian shelf is actual nowadays. It is interesting to note that earlier for Abkhazian shelf water plants of Cystosira kind were not mentioned. The finding of Cystosira crinita testifies about widening of its areal resettlement in the south-east part of the sea. The researches were conducted in the summer period and that is why the represent-atives of the winter-spring algal flora (Bangia, Urospora, Pylaiella, Ectocarpus and others). typical for adjoining area of Big Sochi were not detected. In the same time 13 species of brown and red water plants are detected, earlier not mentioned in the south-east part of the Balck sea, but usual in the water area of Big Sochi. Steady tendency of green water plants increase is marked for Russian part of the Black sea waters. For Abkhazian shelf this tendency is not so expressed, and insignificant presence of green and red water plants of polysaprobic group testifies about small limnetic flowing and minor removal of biogenic elements. In the last decade for Russian part of the Black sea waters narrowing of water plants areal to 5-15 м, practically algal ring at the solid understratum deeper 20m absented or significantly fragmented. Detection of water plant communities in the waters of Abkhazia at the depth of 40 м, testifies about absence of negative phenomena that probably connected with more favourable ecological atmosphere. Regionalization of the Black sea littoral part and revelation of 14 flora regions were conducted by A.A. Kalugina-Gutnik. Such extraction preserves actuality and corresponds to the modern phyto-geographical regionalization. The new phyto-geographical region is separated in the work of V.N. Nikitina and O.A. Lisovskaya for the south-east part of the Black sea – “continental slope of the north-west part of Colchis coast”, apparently such separation is rightful and the borders of phyto-geographical region are necessary to be enlarged, including Abkhazia shelf in it.

8

Authors: Chaika Alexander

Security – is an important condition of any system existence. State security can be defined as security condition of political system, state agencies, state territorial integrity, as well as sovereignty from internal and external threats. The basic elements of informative side state security are considered: subjects and objects of state security; state security threats; system, forces and supporting means of state security. State is the basic subject of state security. Objects of state security are no more than, as basic characteristics of state. Nowadays in theoretic-juridical science accepted the unite conception, in accordance with which the state is the society political organization based on public law, possessing such characteristics, as territory, supremacy inside the country and independence in foreign affairs (sovereignty), and also management apparatus separated from the rest society. The basic objects (they are also the basic directions) of state security are considered in the article: a) state (constitutional) system; b) state agencies; c) state sovereignty; d) state territorial integrity. State security threats are related to the most important elements of state security informative side. Security threat is determined as direct or circumstantial possibility of endamagement to constitutional laws, freedoms, worthy quality and living standard of citizens, sovereignty and territorial integrity, sustainability of Russian Federation, defense and security of state in the strategy of Russia national security till 2020. Several accepted classifications of national security threats are represented: according to state affiliation of danger source, forming the threat; according to the formation degree; depending on the character of threats, determined by their source and specificity; according to the spheres of human activity; according to the degree of subjective perception; in relation to human activity; according to the objects of national security. The conception of state security supporting system is considered, the basic values are identified. Considering the existing legislation in Russian Federation the organs of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, social and other organizations and associations, citizens, participating in security supplying in obedience to the law, and also legislation, regulating relations in the sphere of security, force and security safeguards form the state security supporting system. As any security supplying system the system of state security has subject, realizing certain functions, and object which security should be supplied. The basic functions of state security supporting system, forces and means of it realization are represented. Realization of state security is realized on the basis of organs power differentiation of legislative, executive and judicial authorities in the given sphere. One considered the basic directions of state security supplying in Russian Federa-tion, classification of threat types and system of the country security supplying under the modern conditions that gives more structured representation about the research subject.