International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

25-31

Authors: Saima Zafar, Hina Tariq, Kanza Manzoor

Mobile ad hoc networks are envisaged to play a vital role in ubiquitous networking owing to their mobility support without relying on infrastructure-based design. Conversely, the same feature makes routing in these networks challenging as compared to the typical wired networks. As a result typical routing protocols designed for wired networks are not appropriate for these networks. A number of routing protocols have emerged over the last few years which can be generally classified as proactive and reactive routing protocols. In this research, we analyze and compare three most important routing protocols from both categories in terms of throughput, end to end delay and packet delivery fraction. This comparison is useful in understanding the requirements and challenges for routing protocols in mobile and ad hoc setting and forms the basis of designing a new routing protocol which we plan to present in future. Our simulation results based on simulations carried out using Network Simulator (NS2) show that Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol gives best performance as compared to Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols when network size is large and node mobility is high.

38-43

Authors: Priyaganga Guruswamy, Madhumita Chatterjee

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless ad hoc network comprising of mobile devices which undergo peer to peer routing, to provide network connectivity instead of preexisting network infrastructure. Despite its simplicity of network infrastructure, however it poses challenges of variable link capacity, dynamic topology, exhaustible battery power of nodes and limited physical security. In MANET, broadcasting is a conventional mechanism carried out to deliver messages from source node to all other nodes in MANET. Flooding is commonly used method for broadcasting of Route Request (RREQ) packet which is prone to broadcast storm problem. As a result, there is a need of an efficient routing strategy to build a reliable route which can neglect high variation of signal strength, collision and draining of battery power. In this paper, a new approach is introduced to rebroadcast based on an efficiency factor called delay and to provide a route repairing procedure against link failures. Our approach also focuses on disseminating neighbor coverage knowledge within nodes in order to avoid duplication problem of RREQ packets. Simulation results of our approach reveal better performance in terms of metrics such as packet delivery ratio, energy consumption and control overhead.

70-77

Authors: A.Nithya, B. Ramakrishnan, Resul Das

Cloud computing is the mass storage area that helps the user to access the data anywhere. There are so many platforms provided by the cloud service provider. They are SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) etc. Though security is not fully provided by the cloud service provider to reshape the advances in information technology, cloud computing is expected as an updated technology. The data was securely stored in the cloud and if it is corrupted then the proxy is implemented to regenerate the corrupted data in the cloud. Thus security and integrity is successfully achieved. This is further extended by implementing efficient file fetching by the third party user. To maintain efficient file fetching system Multi authority cloud model is proposed. The model is continuing with the proposed entities such as Attribute authority (AA), Certificate Authority (CA) and Third party end user. The data is encrypted by the owner and stored in the cloud server. CA is used to delegate the Secret Key (SK) to AA and Public Kay (PK) to user. After Checking the authentication of the owner CA provides PK to the owner only then the owner is allowed to upload the data in cloud, the data is encrypted and outsource to the cloud server. Using SK the third party user is allowed to view the data from the cloud. If the user enter the wrong key or misuse the data, user will be revoked. If the User needs to download or update or delete the data in the cloud the user need to send a Data Access Privilege (DAP) request to the respective owner. Certificate authority is responsible to generate a key to the entities such as User, Data Owner and attributes.

86-94

Authors: M. Kavitha, B. Ramakrishnan, Resul Das

Packet loss is a major issue in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) data transmission which is caused by malicious packet dropping and link error. In conventional methods, the malicious dropping may result in a packet loss rate that is comparable to normal channel losses, the stochastic processes that characterizes the two phenomena exhibited in different correlation which would affect the network performance i.e. detection accuracy. By detecting the correlations between lost packets, we will decide whether the packet loss is purely due to regular link errors, or is a combined effect of link error and malicious drop. In order to overcome these issues, we have proposed a HLA (Homomorphic Linear Authentication) based on routing protocol which is a collusion proof mechanism and resolves the public auditing problem. Here, the proposed technique will be implemented in OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) Protocol. The actual status of each packet transmission i.e., the packet loss information can be described by our technique. The network simulation results describe the performance of the proposed method in terms of detection accuracy in low computation complexity. Our HLA based OLSR protocol is compared with existing AODV, RIP and other protocols.

1-8

Authors: Souryendu Das

A distributed file system (DFS) is a client/server-based application that allows clients to access and process data stored on the server as if it were on their own computer. An edge router has series of data cards, to handle data inflow and outflow which can be of the form of email headers, data packets, etc. Each of these data cards have their own file system architecture. This paper implements a distributed file system approach on all these data cards, so as to make it a centrally controlled one file system and not having parallel many file systems. Convenience of usage and file handling capacity is also looked in this paper. The servers are portrayed as the data cards of an edge router and the client access points are the router processor cards. The DFS on Edge Router is implemented using GlusterFS which is a scale-out network-attached storage file system.

16-24

Authors: Poonam, Chander Kumar Nagpal, Shailender Gupta

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an intelligent technology used to sense the spectrum in order to make efficient use of limited spectrum available. The use of such radios in ad hoc network not only increases the probability of reach ability but also provides a reliable path between a pair of nodes. Networks that employ CR technology are termed as Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHN). Quality of route depends upon several parameters but it is highly influenced by end to end delay encountered by a packet to reach from source to destination. More is the end to end delay; lesser will be the efficiency of the network. End to end delay is directly concerned with the reliability of data transfer. Therefore this paper proposes a routing scheme that obtains a most reliable route with minimum end to end delay using fuzzy logic theory. The proposed strategy is implemented in MATLAB-7.0 and the simulation results show that our proposed routing scheme outperforms the traditional Shortest Spectrum Aware routing scheme available in literature.

158-164

Authors: Ravneet Kaur, Dr. Neeraj Sharma

One of the key design issues in ad hoc networks is the development of rollback recovery model for providing fault-tolerance in MANET. Because the potential problem of MANET is limited energy, probability of fault occurrences is more. Hence, checkpointing is done at trusted nodes when faults are encountered, for successful rollback to the last saved state. This makes trust a vital factor to be determined. The proposed algorithm aims to reduce the rollback recovery time by retrieving the checkpoint data through trusted nodes. Dynamic node recovery technique unfolds the impact of cluster trust on the count variable maintained by each node. This variable is so maintained, to do the checkpointing process when a definite threshold is reached. Such an attack prone node saves its data at the nearest trusted cluster head. Again, based on opinion dynamics, trust of the host cluster markedly influences the trust of the visitor node. Moreover, genetic algorithms are employed to search best optimal recovery path. Performance analysis depicts remarkable results produced by the proposed algorithm.

173-178

Authors: Dr. B. Ramakrishnan, S. R. Sreedivya, M. Selvi

A wide range of protocols are used to achieve secured message broadcasting in VANET. Most commonly used protocols are topology based routing and geography based routing protocols. In order to overcome the issues of these 2 protocols, we proposed a design of Adaptive routing protocol based on Cuckoo search algorithm (ARP-CS). The adaptive protocol combines the features of both topology routing and geographic routing protocols which ensures the secured transmission of data with less delay and high packet delivery ratio. ARP-CS provides reliable and secure routes between source and destination node with optimal distance and low routing overheads. ARP-CS uses a local stochastic broadcasting to find routes which reduces the network congestion thereby improving the packet delivery ratio.

188-195

Authors: Ntjatji Gosebo, Sipho Seepe

The purpose of this paper is to establish whether IT security considerations are provided for, in the case of South Africa, by legal prescripts on each computer-based Information Systems’ component. A descriptive research approach was employed to accomplish the aim of this paper. Findings are that avoidance IT security consideration is the least covered by legal prescripts, while the deterrence IT security consideration is comprehensively covered by legal prescripts. While legal prescripts related to deterrence IT security consideration are almost similar, they prescribe different punishments for the same violation. A further study is needed to establish whether IT security considerations not covered by legal prescripts are mitigated by other means, and a different further study to determine the efficacy of deterrence without detection is also needed. A consolidated IT security legal prescript might deliver a better remedy to prevailing disjointedness and duplications. This paper develops a rubric or model that guides a comprehensive and systemic assessment of IT security considerations, and provides an evaluation of IT related legal prescripts of South Africa.

114 - 123

Authors: Eric Opoku Osei

INTRODUCTION Abstract gives first impression of document that follows and offers instant scholarly credibility to direct and indirect stakeholders of that document. AIM/PURPOSE We aimed to determine quality standard adherence of nineteen (19) maiden abstracts already published in the editorial space of International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA) using “IMRAD” guiding rule as barometer. METHOD We conducted appraisal using abstracts in IJCNA database. Nineteen maiden papers were assessed using internationally accepted IMRAD guiding rule for journal writings and used MS-Excel for statistical analysis due to seize of data. RESULTS We found 47%, representing 9-papers adhering to the IMRAD rules for scientific writing guide. We also discovered 53%, representing 10-papers presenting their abstracts as in humanities guide. CONCLUSION In our conclusion, authors are responsible to adhere to the rules of the game and present quality standard abstracts to uphold their own credibility in academic publishing. RECOMMENDATION The editorial board has to update author guidelines to clearly spell-out IMRAD components expected in scientific/informative abstracts submissions, irrespective of the paper type.

135 - 143

Authors: Sercan VANÇİN, Ebubekir ERDEM

Wireless sensor networks are network systems consisting of hundreds, even thousands of sensor nodes connected to each other through a wireless environment. Sensor nodes have complex functions, such as the detection, collection, calculation and routing of surrounding data with predefined criteria by placing them randomly or according to a certain strategy into diverse areas. In this study, the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee wireless communication standard was used, which is more advantageous than other wireless communication standards with respect to parameters like battery usage and low power consumption, providing high performance with short-range sensors as well as making it possible to use 3 different band frequencies in the world. Additionally, the RIVERBED (OPNET) Academic Edition 17.5 simulator, capable of generating correct results and analysis to identify the actual behavior of the real system, was used. With this simulator program, the performances of star, tree, and mesh topologies supported by the ZigBee standard were compared based on end-to-end delay, throughput, mac load and traffic received parameters. Then, the performance analyses were conducted on different PANs (Personal Area Network) using single and dual ZigBee coordinators. Finally, network fixed and mobile node behavior was compared with respect to the quality parameters of the end-to-end delay and traffic received by the destination.

151 - 157

Authors: R. Bhagavath Nishanth, Dr. B. Ramakrishnan, M. Selvi

In a Cryptographic primordial, the functions of the digital signature and the public key encryption are concurrently carried out. To safely communicate incredibly large messages, the cryptographic primordial known as the signcryption is effectively employed. Though a lion’s share of the public key based mechanism are appropriate for miniature messages, the hybrid encryption (KEM-DEM) offers a proficient and realistic method. In this document, we are cheered to launch an improved signcryption method, which takes cues from the KEM and DEM approaches. The KEM algorithm employs the KDF approach to summarize the symmetric key. The DEM algorithm makes use of the Elliptic curve cryptography technique to encrypt the original message. With an eye on safety aspects, we have testes three attacks and we are cheered to state that the attackers have failed miserably in locating the safety traits of our improved signcryption technique.