Acta Universitaria

3-8

Authors: Nicolás Padilla Raygoza, Rosalina Díaz-Guerrero, Ma. Laura Ruiz Paloalto, Caitlin M. Canfield, Alejandro A. Avecilla Hernández

Objective. The objective of this work was to measure the existing association between preg­nancy-induced hypertension and birthweight at the Celaya General Hospital. Study design. Cross-sectional, observational, analytic study. Subjects: Registries of women admitted to the Celaya General Hospital for delivery during 2008. Variables: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher after 20 weeks of gestation), sub-classified as gestational hypertension (blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher without proteinuria) and toxemia (blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher with proteinuria); birthweight (< 2 500 g, 2 500 g – 3 499 g, > 3 500 g). Statistical analysis: it was calculated the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed between the status of arterial hypertension and birthweight, and was adjusted using gestational age. Results. From the sample of 5 478 registries, 14.73% (n = 807) of women had pregnancy-induced hypertension; from them, 10.92% (n = 598) had gestational hypertension and 3.82% (n = 209) preclampsia/eclampsia. Newborns from hypertensive mothers had an average birthweight of 3 049.27 ± 600.22 g, while the birth­weight of newborns from normotensive mothers was 3 104.94 ± 502.57 g, considering: ANOVA F = 1.49, p = 0.00001: adjusted by gestational age, F = 1.51, p = 0.0168. Conclu­sion. Newborns of normotensive and gestational hypertensive mothers showed differences in birthweight; gestational age acted as a confounder.

17-22

Authors: J. A. Sánchez-Márquez, R. Fuentes-Ramírez, I. R. Galindo-Esquivel, A. L. Martínez-Hernández, C. Velasco-Santos

Carbon nanotubes oxidation has attracted the interest of researchers, because in addition to eliminating impurities, it increases the dispersion of aggregates creating new interac­tions between materials. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were treated using two dif­ferent oxidation methods to determine the effects of each treatment on the surface area of the material. The following methods were used: the traditional chemical treatment (using strong acids) and a treatment supported by microwaves. Results showed that both treat­ments reduced the surface area (traditional CNT < microwaves CNT < non-treated CNT). By using microwaves, oxidation time was shortened, greater concentration of carboxylic func­tional groups was obtained and damage to the structure diminished, resulting in oxidized nanotubes with improved structural characteristics.

31-36

Authors: Yazpik Hernández Vargas, Juan Carlos Martínez Espinosa, Claudia Isela Carranza Nuñez

This paper shows educational intervention strategies as an aid in reducing student failure and dropout rates supported on an institutional mentoring program, which is among current trends regarding policies for Higher Education (ES). The framework that was established in the European Space for Higher Education for the development of the Tuning project and its later adaptation and implementation in Latin America (AL) was considered. The aforementioned agencies have contributed to the creation of a normative framework for the development of competency-based education, an approach engaged by the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) as part of its new educational model. During this research, two joint strategies were presented: auxiliary courses and a counseling program, both supported by the institutional tutoring pro­gram in order to reduce student failure and dropout rates. The results showed that there was a 22.72% decrease in failure rate when considering all the students that were enrolled during the semester. It can be concluded that auxiliary courses and counseling programs are an al­ternative that can help reduce student failure and dropout rates.

3-6

Authors: L. García-Martínez, M. Rosete-Aguilar, J. Garduño-Mejía

In this work we analyze the spatio-temporal intensity of sub-20 fs pulses with a carrier wavelength of 810 nm along the optical axis of low numerical aperture achro­matic and apochromatic doublets designed in the IR region by using the scalar diffraction theory. The diffraction integral is solved by expanding the wave number around the carrier frequency of the pulse in a Taylor series up to third order, and then the integral over the frequencies is solved by using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature method. We will show that the third-order group velocity dispersion (GVD) is not negligible for 10 fs pulses at 810 nm propagating through the low numerical aperture doublets, and its effect is more important than the propagation time difference (PTD). For sub-20 fs pulses, these two effects make the use of a pulse shaper necessary to correct for second and higher-order GVD terms and also the use of apochromatic optics to correct the PTD effect.

12-15

Authors: N. Lozano-Crisóstomo, J. J. Sánchez-Mondragón, D. A. May-Arrioja, G. P. Agrawall

In this paper we model and characterize the near infrared coupling between a plasmonic wire and a silicon nanowire. We also study the coupling parameters’ dependence on the dimensions of the directional coupler nanowires.

19-22

Authors: Nikolai Korneev, Y. M. Torres

We investigated the optical transverse pattern produced by counterpropagating two waves through a rubidium vapor cell in presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. A bistable behav­ior is observed. The optical switching process between two of these patterns is carried out us­ing three different mechanisms: mechanical closing of a pump beam, modulation of a pump beam intensity and modulation of additional beam intensity. A rapid switching of less than 10 μs between patterns can be carried out with a 2 μw power beam.

27-30

Authors: G. López-Galmiche, A. Vázquez-Guardado, I. De León, J. J. Sánchez-Mondragón

We analyzed the scattering produced by technological imperfections in a strip photonic crystal waveguide. Modeling and losses analysis of the slow light structures were carried out by plane wave expansion method using the MPB software.

35-39

Authors: Nikolai Korneev, Chrystian Gutiérrez Parra

We report the calculations of vectorial nonlinear properties of rubidium vapor for 87Rb D2 transition at moderate intensities. Different from Kerr nonlinearity, optimal intensity exists here, which depends on beam geometry. For intensities close to the optimal, the vectorial mechanism is much more efficient than a scalar one.

3-8

Authors: Xiao Jun Yang, Dumitru Baleanu

Recently the local fractional operators have started to be considered a useful tool to deal with fractal functions defined on Cantor sets. In this paper, we consider the Fokker-Planck equation on a Cantor set derived from the fractional complex transform method. Additionally, the solution obtained is considered by using the local fractional variational iteration method.

12-15

Authors: Adolfo Ortiz, Jesús Seoane, J. Yang, Miguel Sanjuán

The dynamics of the nonlinear Helmholtz Oscillator with fractional order damping are studied in detail. The discretization of differential equations according to the Grünwald-Letnikov fractional derivative definition in order to get numerical simulations is reported. Comparison between solutions obtained through a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the fractional damping system are comparable when the fractional derivative of the damping term a is fixed at 1. That proves the good performance of the numerical scheme. The effect of taking the fractional derivative on the system dynamics is investigated using phase diagrams varying a from 0.5 to 1.75 with zero initial conditions. Periodic motions of the system are obtained at certain ranges of the damping term. On the other hand, escape of the trajectories from a potential well result at a certain critical value of the fractional derivative. The history of the displacement as a function of time is shown also for every a selected.

19-22

Authors: Leticia Ramírez Hernández, Juan Martínez Ortiz

In this paper we describe the basics of modeling the growth of cancerous tumors, based on the formalism of the calculation of fractional order differences. Version is used in the Gompretz equation of differences, a simulation with arbitrary values of the growth rates of decline and the initial value.

27-31

Authors: Panayotis Vyridís

We describe a variational problem on a domain of a plane under a constraint of geometrical character. We provide sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of bifurcation points. The problem in 2 coordinate form, corresponds to a quasilinear elliptic boundary value problem. The problem provides a physical model for several applications referring to continuum media and membranes.

36-39

Authors: E. Alvarado Méndez, M. Trejo Durán, J. M. Estudillo Ayala, R. Rojas Laguna

Multiple periodic patterns by light interference are a complicated problem from an experimen­tal point of view. We report a theoretical model of the incidence of N beams of light at one point in space. Two components of the electric field are projected: azimuthal (angle formed with the projection of the vector in space on the x-y plane) and zenithal (angle of the incident vector with the z-axis). As a result, azimuthal intensity and zenithal intensity are found. The case of fractional amplitude or fractional number of beams is analyzed. When the phase is modified, the process allows us to visualize the change of geometry. Quasi-lineal patterns to maximum and minimum concentric circles are observed. Some applications of these patterns can be found in sensors and engraving in some lithography processes.

45-47

Authors: S. Afanador Delgado, R. Jaimes Reátegui, R. Sevilla Escoboza, G. Huerta Cuéllar, J. García López, D. López Mancilla, L. Camacho Castillo, C. Castañeda Hernández

We implement an algorithm to reproduce the behavior of a dynamic logic gate which consists of three elements: a fiber laser in chaotic regime, a threshold controller and the output of the logic gate. The output signal of the fiber laser is sent to the logic gate input as to the threshold controller; threshold controller output signal is sent at the entrance of the logic gate and also fed back to the fiber laser which changes their dynamic behavior. The output of the logic gate consists of a difference amplifier; this compares the signals sent by the threshold controller and the fiber laser, resulting logic output that depend on an accessible parameter in threshold controller. We present the numerical results of the implementation of a dynamic logic gate using fiber laser, which demonstrates the ability to change the type of logic gate by modifying a parameter of threshold control.

5-15

Authors: Gustavo López Castro, Óscar Ariel Mojica

Returning migration has become an important issue regarding Mexican migration to the United States in the last five year. At the same time the deferral decision of many young people to leave their hometowns and migrate to the United States has been a constant in the daily life of many towns in Mexico´s countryside. This has already been reflected in national statistics particularly in the 2010 Census (INEGI) and in the Migratory Intensity Index (CONAPO). Based on this information and with anthropological data collected from the field, returning migration in the states of Michoacan, Jalisco and Guanajuato, which are part of the traditional migration region, was analyzed. Returning migration has increased in almost every municipality in these states but at the same time and contradictorily, while in many households returning migration has increase, in others, remittances are starting to be received. It was also found that some households presented circular migration. Findings suggest a confirmation of conceptual notions according to which migration is a highly com­plex social phenomenon.

27-36

Authors: Ricardo Domínguez Guadarrama

Introduction. Since 1990, the combination of structural reforms in Latin America and Unit­ed States (US) anti-immigration policies have resulted in an increase in poverty, unemploy­ment, and Hispanic migration to that country. Objectives: To analyze regional unemploy­ment and the migration phenomenon based on the relationship between neoliberalism in Latin America and US anti-immigration policies. Method. Deductive and comparative based on data collection of unemployment and immigration in Latin America and US anti-immi­gration policies. Outcomes. To show the increasing level of unemployment in Latin America, the growing immigration rate to the United States, and the changing profile of Hispanic im­migrants. Conclusion. Rather than avoiding legal or illegal entry of Hispanics into the United States, its anti-immigrant policies have intensified selective immigration policies.

49-58

Authors: María Elena Rivera-Heredia, Nydia Obregón Velasco, Ericka Ivonne Cervantes Pacheco

Introduction. Deeper knowledge regarding the impact and emotional costs of migration is re­quired. Objective. To analyze the way in which women perceive stressful life events and their effects in their physical and mental health. Method. Non probabilistic convenience sampling with mixed methods was used. 62 women took part in this research. They were divided in five focus groups. They also responded a depressive symptomatology scale (CESD-R). Re­sults. The most frequent stressful life event was the physical and affective absence of their partner, followed by uncertainty and worry regarding those who have become migrants, lack of money, and their children’s health. Feelings of loneliness, sadness and anger were predominant. Fatigue symptoms, insomnia, depressed affection and somatization were also present. Discussion. The connection between migration, stressful life events and health are related to the efforts that women have to make to be able to provide for their families and to contribute to their wellbeing.

68-75

Authors: José César Lenin Navarro Chávez, José Carlos Rodríguez

This paper analyzes the role that remittances have played in the social welfare of the state of Michoacan. This role is expressed through the Human Development Index (HDI) with refer­ence to the Human Development Report of Michoacán, 2007 edited by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This study uses system dynamics (SD) methods, which allow the use of a group of variables that directly and indirectly affect remittances and welfare. In the same analysis, the SD approach includes time delays and feedback effects that oc­cur among other variables that affect migration. Three alternative scenarios were analyzed (baseline, optimistic and pessimistic) based on the simulation results that were obtained.

85-94

Authors: Diana Tamara Martínez Ruiz, Daniela Berenice Guillén Villicaña, Verónica Montserrat Contreras Zavala

Thousands of Mexican households are still facing migration of their relatives from Mexico to the United States. According to Moctezuma (2009) the state of Michoacan holds the second position in terms of the highest migration rates in the country. The earlier suggests that it is pertinent to further develop studies regarding the events that transnational families face when migration hits home. In many cases, homes become led by women, either wives, daughters or mothers of migrants who acquire the responsibility to maintain the family union between migrant an non migrant relatives, to educate the children, and manage sa­vings and the household (Salgado de Synder & Maldonado, 1993). This study presents some of the results of a larger research project and has been developed as an alternative of sup­port to help women who become leaders in their household when their relatives migrate. An intervention was designed and implemented through a Gestalt awareness workshop based on Gestalt techniques as the result of the fieldwork with groups of women who had relati­ves who had migrated. Some of the achievements derived from the community intervention are presented in the results of the study, including the self-exploration of needs, decision-making and the creation of support networks based on trust and solidarity.

5-11

Authors: Nayeli Vera-Ramírez, Alejandro Martínez-Martínez, Guillermo Bojórquez Rangel

In his famous phrase, Dobzhansky said "nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution". By extension, in Neurosciences it could be interpreted as "nothing in neurosciences makes sense except in the light of behavior". The side blotched lizard Uta stansburiana has been widely used as a model organism to understand variation in repro­ductive strategies, which has greatly contributed to enrich the debate on the genetic basis of behavior and its consequences on the evolution of populations. Moreover, researching of Uta stransburiana has yielded interesting results about the modulation of behavior through conserved neuroendocrine pathways through the species; these data allow to establish the neuroendocrine substrate of conserved behavioral among several groups. This review synthesizes some behaviors that have contributed to the understanding of the evolution of morphological and behavioral traits sexual selection and can help to understand reproduc­tive behavior observed in other vertebrate groups.

19-25

Authors: Esther Guadalupe González-Ramírez, Luis Roberto Alarcón-Morales, Alejandro Martínez-Martínez

The current condition of epidemiological and genetic knowledge of the cervical cancer (CC), as well as the development of probabilistic algorithms, allows the approximation of holistic diag­nosis of the CC. It is necessary to consider the interactions between the genome of the host, the viral genomes and the clinical factors of epidemiological risk. This review is divided into four sections: 1) the holistic tools for multivariate model of CC are described; 2) the genetic markers associated with susceptibility to malignant progression of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions to CC development are explored; 3) the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) as the essential element for CC development is exposed; finally, 4) the clinical factors of risk associated with CC development are considered, such as smoking, sexual habits and risky sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections and multiparity.

33-42

Authors: Ana Luisa Ramírez Roja, Juan Pedro Benítez Guadarrama

The investigation shows results on levels of job satisfaction in a sample of workers belonging to a top-level educational institution of the State of Mexico. The research was descriptive, cor­relational, explanatory transverse non-experimental design and performed with the universe population belonging to three categories: management and staffing, administrative and lectur­ers. In order to measure job satisfaction it was used Job Satisfaction Index (LSI*66) developed by [1]. The results showed that three of five factors predict job satisfaction and can increase levels of job satisfaction of the institution