Theoretical Physics

6

Authors: A. Sfarti

The present paper extends a previous proof of the Clock Hypothesis from the case of light clocks to clocks realized from oscillating massive particles. We also extend the study from the case of clocks undergoing constant proper acceleration to the case of clocks undergoing variable proper acceleration. We transformed the problem into one of general relativity and we applied the Euler- Lagrange formalism, thus providing a straightforward tool in solving this class of problems.

11

Authors: A. Sfarti

In the current paper we present a generalization of the transforms of the electromagnetic field from the frame co-moving with a rotating observer aligned with the axis of rotation into an inertial frame of reference. The solution is of great interest for real time applications, because earthbound laboratories are inertial only in approximation. We conclude by deriving the general form of the relativistic Doppler effect and of the relativistic aberration formulas for the case of uniformly rotating frames.

5

Authors: Babur M. Mirza

In quantum theory particles are represented as wave packets. Shock wave analysis of quantum equations of motion shows that wave function representation in general and wave packet description in particular contain discontinuities due to a non-zero quantum force corresponding to quantum potential. The quantum force causes wave packet dispersion which results in the intersection of characteristic curves developing a shock discontinuity. Since quantum force vanishes for localized quantum density waves [1], it is thus established that localized quantum density waves form the only class of continuous wave representation of particles in quantum theory.

9

Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu

The interface between classical physics and quantum physics is explained from the point of view of Quantum Information Theory (Feynman Processes). The interpretation depends on a hefty sacrifice: the classical determinism or the arrow of time. The wave-particle duality steams from the qubit model, as the root of creation and annihilation of possibilities. A few key experiments are briefly reviewed from the above perspective: quantum erasure, delayed-choice and wave-particle correlation.

7

Authors: S.V.Gantsevich, V.L.Gurevich

In recent decades it was established that the measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by large space-like intervals can be correlated. The correlation is created by the measurements while their mutual influence requires the corresponding supraliminal velocities. This situation is commonly known as the violation of the Bell inequality in the Bohm version of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. Nearly 40 years the question remains disputable with a variety of contradicting views. The most frequently the violation is explained by the existence of some momentary action at a distance which obliges the quantum mechanics (as well as all nature) to be nonlocal. We find the "common cause in the past" as the origin of the observed quantum correlation which so far was unnoticed either by the partisans of quantum non-locality or their opponents. The novelty of our approach is the accent on the expressions for the observed physical quantities rather than on the "entangled" two-particle wave functions. We show the crucial role of phases in the correlation process that is hard to notice using the traditional approach.

11

Authors: Dušan POPOV

In the paper we have built and examined the properties of quantum systems with nonequidistant energy levels from a point of view of a new introduced approach – the diagonal operator ordering technique (DOOT). In this frame, we examine also the properties of mixed states described by a canonical density operator. We particularize the obtained results for some particular cases (the system with Hamiltonian whose eigenfunctions are the generalized Laguerre functions, as well as the Pöschl-Teller like potentials, and the infinite quantum well).

12

Authors: Maxim Dresvyannikov, Andrei Tskhovrebov, Larisa Zherikhina

In our earlier work, where the traces of effect of resistance quantization in thin bismuth films were studied, we proposed the model, explaining the phenomena observed. In contrast to traditional model of Landauer our explanation is based upon analogy with non-stationary Josephson effect and is valid for systems with super low density of charge carriers. The history of Josephson effect observation in superfluid helium is nearly half a century old: pioneer’s experiments undertaken long ego in the group with the participation of famous theoretician P.W. Anderson led at last at our days to the creation of quite able-bodied quantum interferometer of DC-SQUID type in Berkeley laboratory. Thus, observation of Josephson effect in helium gives grounds to use our model to describe flowing of superfluid liquid in fine capillaries that allows predicting the effect of hydrodynamic resistance quantization.

6

Authors: Mark D. Roberts

It is argued that string theory predicts unified field theory rather than general relativity coupled to matter fields. In unified field theory all the objects are geometrical, for strings the Kalb-Ramond matter field is identical to the nonsymmetric part of the metric except that the fields contribute to different sides of the field equations. The dilaton is related to the object of non-metricity.

7

Authors: Babak Vakili

As an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics, path integral is based on the notion of transition amplitude which gives the wave function of a quantum system at a time tf by acting on the wave function at an earlier time ti. We show that for a general quadratic form for the Lagrangian of the system, transition amplitude has the form f(tf − ti)e i h¯ Sclass. , where Sclass. is the classical action. We then present an algebraic method to evaluate the function f(tf − ti) without refereing to the path integral calculations. We examine the presented method to the cases of free particle and harmonic oscillator and obtain their propagators.

10

Authors: Mario J. Pinheiro, Marcus Büker

Newton’s second law has limited scope of application when transient phenomena are present. We consider a modification of Newton’s second law in order to take into account a sudden change (surge) of angular momentum or linear momentum. We hypothesize that space itself resists such surges according to a kind of induction law (related to inertia); additionally, this backreaction apparently gives some evidence of the "fluidic" nature of space itself. This "back-reaction" is quantified by the tendency of angular momentum flux threading across a surface. This quantity is mass-dependent, and bears similarity to the quantum mechanics phase shift, present in the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects. Furthermore, this provides evidence of vacuum polarization, a phenomena which is relative to local space indicating that local geometry and topology should be taken into account in any fundamental physical theory.

3

Authors: W. Chagas-Filho

We present the idea that a reasonable explanation for dark matter and dark energy can be obtained from the reparametrization symmetry of the action integral that describes a scalar relativistic particle.

4

Authors: Vyacheslav Dokuchaev, Yury Eroshenko

We consider the cosmological horizons in the expanding universe from the point of view of observer moving with respect to CMB frame. The deformation (non-sphericity) of cosmological horizons is demonstrated. Some principle consequences are discussed.

8

Authors: Chris Fields

Within the quantum Darwinist framework introduced by W. H. Zurek (Nat. Phys., 5:181-188, 2009), observers obtain effectively-classical pointer-state information about quantum systems by interacting with local samples of the surrounding environment, e.g. local samples of the ambient photon field. Quantum Darwinism requires the environment to encode such effectivelyclassical information uniformly and hence redundantly throughout its entire volume, making the information equally available to all possible observers regardless of their locations. This framework is applied to the observation of stellar center-of-mass positions, which are assumed to be encoded by the ambient photon field with sufficient redundancy to be uniformly accessible at all locations within our observable universe. Assuming Landauer’s Principle, constructing such an environmental encoding requires (ln2)kT per encoded classical bit. For the observed 1024 stars and a uniform binary encoding of center-of-mass positions into voxels with a linear dimension of 5 km, the free energy required at the current CMB temperature T = 2.7 K is ∼ 2.5 · 10−27 kg · m−3 , strikingly close to the observed value of ΩΛρc. Decreasing the voxel size to (lP ) 3 results in a free energy requirement 10117 times larger.