Bulletin of Science and Practice

17-32

Authors: Susanti D.

In the last thirty years, the encounter and approach of Rendezvous Proximity Operations (RPO) of human made space objects have developed. This development indicated by the developments in field of technology. The focus of this study is regarding RPO as a mission that has potential to increase the amount of space debris. This study aims to analyze the RPO activity as a potential hazardous mission in increasing the space debris population. Moreover, this research aims to analyze RPO activity as a potentially vulnerable mission to increase the space debris population. In this study, the method was carried out descriptively, by exploring data and information about RPO. The results of this study indicated that RPO activity still limited to LEO due to the high difficulty level for the GEO orbit. The results of this study indicate that RPO activity is still limited to LEO due to the high difficulty level for the GEO orbit. This is actually because in LEO orbit have more space debris (75%) than GEO orbit and it has a higher risk of falling to Earth. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that RPO activities are double-edged and therefore greater supervision needs to be carried out especially to safeguard Indonesia’s interests in space.

42-48

Authors: Mustafaev Z.

Complex natural-geographic and agroclimatic conditions regions of Azerbaijan, long and anthropogenic effects on the natural objects have led to the emergence and widespread erosion. currently, 43.3% of the land Republic affected by erosion. In the Republic developed all kinds of erosion, particularly irrigation water and wind. At the present stage of development of agriculture, widely implemented land reform. Ubiquitous privatized land, where at this point erosion control is a precondition for improving soil fertility, crop yields, requiring reference to global studies improve their fertility.

58-63

Authors: Aslanov Q., Quliyeva N.

The article discusses the issues of scientific solution of the State Program for the development of cotton growing in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Ganja-Gazakh zone has been irrigated for a long time and is widely used both in the cultivation of cotton and grain, melons and vegetables. The results of the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on the plant density of cotton after barley harvest are analyzed. The optimal doses of fertilizers for obtaining a high, high-quality and sustainable yield of raw cotton have been determined.

70-79

Authors: Nuriyeva K.

This article discusses the general physical and geographical location, geological, geomorphological and soil-climatic conditions of the region. The methodological instructions are consecrated, the qualitative indicators of soils and their assessment according to the appraisal scores of the dominant irrigated gray earth soils are analyzed.

85-88

Authors: Bilalov R.

The fauna of turkey helminths was studied in specialized and subsidiary farms of the population in 23 districts of the republic belonging to 4 natural and climatic zones: Kur-Aras and Lankaran lowlands, foothill and mountain belts of the Great and Lesser Caucasus. We have registered 12 species of turkey helminths, of which one species is recorded for the first time in turkeys in the CIS, and 9 species in Azerbaijan. When opening 676 turkeys, infection with helminths was revealed by 75.4%, including nematodes — 74.4%, cestodes — 7.8%, trematodes — 0.14%.

93-135

Authors: Volobuev A., Romanchuk N., Bulgakova S.

Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. Neurogenetics is a center for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research using advanced methods, with the participation of 5P Medicine and 5G technology. Human genome sequencing was an important scientific milestone that revolutionized biology and medicine. The Human Genome Project is a neurogenetic routing from the 20th to the 21st century, numerous discoveries due to the collaboration between discerning clinicians and technically innovative fundamental scientists. Genomic engineering, genome editing and gene editing refer to modifications (inserts, deletions, substitutions) in the genome of a living organism. Modern genome editing is based on clustered regularly alternating short palindromic repeats and associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). In prokaryotes, CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system that naturally protects cells from viral DNA infections. CRISPR-Cas9 has been modified to create a universal genome editing technology that has a wide range of applications in medicine, agriculture and basic gene function research. SLEEP is the main tool and mechanism in the formation of cognitive memory, its quantitative and qualitative volume, the integration of the transition to a qualitatively new level of self-development and self-improvement, which allows you to create a new intellectual “qualifying mind”. The 21st century Homo sapiens will have the ability to understand physiological and neurophysiological sleep patterns, manage and change their sleep habits. Digitization of sleep is the future for the development of industry, health, science and personalized health.

161-167

Authors: Seytkulova A., Mason А.

The article presents the results of a survey of 500 people during the development of the COVID-19 epidemic. Among the respondents, 272 respondents were treated in the intensive care unit due to a serious condition, 228 were in hospital. The survey included questions related to the detection of anxiety disorders according to the C. D. Spielberger scale. The results of the questionnaire showed that a high level of reactive anxiety prevails among patients who have arrived for a long time in the intensive care unit. In contrast, the respondents who received treatment on an outpatient basis had an average level of reactive anxiety.

177-182

Authors: Tabysheva A., Maimerova G., Shaiderova I.

The article presents data on social the risk factors for the birth of premature newborns who were on inpatient treatment in the perinatal center of Osh (Kyrgyz Republic). The study group included 93 children, the first group consisted of premature newborns with ENMT 31 (25.2%), the second group — 62 (50.4%) newborns with ONMT, the comparison group included 30 (24.4%) premature newborns.

189-193

Authors: Matisakov T., Zhogashtiev N., Ergeshov M.

The article discusses the possibility of assessing the amount of solar energy available on the basis of calculation. The study examined the conditions for the correct placement of solar installations at any time of the year. The possibility of installing solar installations around the object was considered. Various barriers to the use of solar installations in winter are analyzed.

200-205

Authors: Razzakov A., Latipova M., Qodirov A.

Using experimental data, as well as using theoretical calculations, the results of studies of the composition of melt solutions (Sn + Ge + Si, Ga + Ge + Si) from temperature conditions are presented. Single-crystal films of a graded-gap solid solution Si1-xGex (0 substrates were obtained by liquid-phase epitaxy from a limited tin, gallium solution-melt. Optimal technological growth modes are found for obtaining crystalline perfect epitaxial layers and structures.

212-217.

Authors: Usmanov D., Umarova M., Abdullaeva D., Rustamova M.

The article under discussion investigates the questions of rational and economic expediency in cleaning and storage of highly clogged and wet raw cotton of manual and machine picking. The purpose of the article is to consider proposals for design changes in new machines proposed by the authors, aimed at increasing their productivity and improving the quality of cotton fiber during cotton ginning. The authors of the article determined the reasons of raw cotton self-heating in bunches and covered storages, besides the process of raw cotton overheating with the help of centrifugal fan during transportation by suction pipeline has been studied as well.

29-44

Authors: Kobzar V.

More than 12,000 species belong to the Poaceae family globally; 300 species grow in Kyrgyzstan, anemophilous and releasing a huge amount of pollen into the atmosphere. Poaceae pollen is currently considered the leading airborne biological pollutant (PM10) and the leading cause of pollen allergy worldwide. She is one of the top global aeroallergens. Poaceae pollen has common features: small size, homogeneous morphology, high pollen production and abundance of species. The aim of this work was to study the effect of environmental pollutants on the pollen of Poaceae plants, the classification of identified teratomorphoses and assessment of their specific contribution to the aerobiological situation. The study of Poaceae pollen from various observation points of Kyrgyzstan using scanning electron microscopy revealed teratomorphoses of varying degrees of complexity: 1) deformation; 2) perforation; 3) fragmentation; 4) complex changes in the sculptural elements of the exine surface; 5) combined teratomorphosis, including several types with the transformation of one modification into another. This article summarizes the results of studies reflecting the effects of environmental pollutants on Poaceae pollen, and ultimately on the severity of symptoms and the prevalence of pollinosis.

52-60

Authors: Asadov H., Bagirova S., Mirjalally I., Efendiyeva R., Atayeva H.

The aim of the scientific work is to identify the degree of salt tolerance of new tree-shrub species brought from various soil and climatic regions of the world, introduced and widely used in landscape arrangements on the Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan. In connection with the expansion and development of urban development, greening arrangements are also expanded, the appearance of large cities changed, the number of new parks, boulevards and green spaces increased, especially in the coastal zones of the Caspian Sea embankments. The structure of the soil of the Absheron Peninsula is sandy, sandy-loamy, with low water retention capacity. The Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan is characterized by a characteristic sign of arid zones. However, the soil composition remains unchanged, which is characterized by chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-carbonate salinization. In the coastal zones, chloride-carbonate salinization predominates, mainly 1500–2000 m from the sea, mainly chloride-sulfate, and sulfate-chloride in the central part of the peninsula. Due to the degree of salinity, the degree of salt tolerance is different for different species of woody-shrub plants. In the natural flora of the peninsula tree species are completely absent, the species composition of shrubs is small, mainly are found ephemeral and ephemerid species of herbaceous plants. The objects of study were Magnolia grandiflora L., Cupressus macrocarpa L., Sophora japonica L., among shrubs Nandina domestica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Jasminum nudiflorum L., Lisium chinensis Mill, Euonymus japonica L., Nerium oleander, new types of cypress trees, various types of palm trees, etc. It was revealed that, in saline soil of the Absheron peninsula, the degree of influence of salinizing ions (Cl−, SO42−, and CO32−) on the accumulation of chlorophylls in the leaves of new introduced species has a direct correlative relationship. Toxic ions affect the protein-chlorophyll bond, the destruction of chloroplasts, and a decrease in photosynthesis, resulting in the formation of chlorophyllide and phytic acid, which promotes the formation of burns on a leaf blade and reduced the photosynthetic productivity.

67-74

Authors: Pahlevanyan A., Martirosyan G., Tadevosyan L., Vardanian I.

The purpose of this work is to study and identify the optimal method of sowing and plant feeding surface in seed-production of melon crop, providing a high yield of healthy varietal seeds with a low self-cost. The experiments were carried out in 2018–2020. on the experimental fields of the Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia. The influence of the sowing scheme 200+80/2×60, 200+80/2×80 and 200+80/2×100 cm on phenological and quality indicators, fruit and seed productivity, average fruit weight, and resistance to diseases was studied. The study object was mid-early ripening melon variety Arpi, which is distinguished by high productivity and taste quality. The control was the sowing scheme 200+80/2×80 cm, which is generally accepted in the agricultural technology of melon cultivation in the Ararat valley. It was found that in case of low-density planting of plants (1.4 m2), the weight of one fruit is the heaviest (4.0 kg), but the productivity of the fruits is reduced by 11.6% in comparison with the control, and in case of high-density planting by 19.3%. Meanwhile, as the feeding area of one plant increases, in relation to the total yield the marketable yield increases, respectively 92.3%; 94.1% and 95.3%. The results of the experiments allow us to state the fact that high density of the seed producing field (feeding area 0.84 m2) contributes to an increase of seed yield by 27.3% compared to the control, to some extent reducing the self cost of seeds, however significant changes in quality indicators of the Arpi variety were not found. In its turn, early diagnosis of diseases based on the modern PCR method allows to take protective measures in time and accordingly contributes to the production of healthy seeds.

83-88

Authors: Soldatova S., Filatova G.

Methods for determining the freshness of mammalian meat are considered in the article, their comparative assessment is carried out. The results of histological studies of meat, including those thawed or injected with complex food additives, are presented. The characteristic features and main differences in the microstructure of muscle fibers after repeated defrosting and after treatment with water-retaining additives have been determined.

112-121

Authors: Bolotina N., Ku Bok Sun

The article is devoted to the study of psychosomatic behavior styles in patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Empirically revealed the relationship between the psychosomatic behavior styles and individual typological characteristics. The results of the study showed that people with schizophrenic spectrum disorders have two styles of psychosomatic behavior: cognitive and socio-cultural. It was found that this sample is characterized by such personal characteristics as anxiety, introversion, lability and sensitivity.

130-151

Authors: Chaulin A.

Laboratory biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis, establishing the prognosis of patients, and correcting therapy. Therefore, the search for new cardiovascular diseases biomarkers, as well as the study and clarification of their clinical and diagnostic value, is an important task of modern healthcare. This article discusses the clinical and diagnostic value of new cardiovascular diseases biomarkers. The classification of cardiovascular diseases biomarkers is given. In a comparative aspect, new markers specific to myocardial tissue (highly sensitive cardiac troponins) are considered. Some new non-myocardial tissue-specific markers, in particular myeloperoxidase, are also discussed.

163-178

Authors: Bulgakova S., Sirotko I., Romanchuk P.

Currently, three main problems have been updated in gerontology and geriatrics: the first “early” is osteoporosis, the second “late” is Alzheimer’s disease, and the third “doubled” (comorbid, combined) is the presence of two diseases: Alzheimer’s disease and osteoporosis. The bone, in addition to mechanical and protective function, serves as a custodian of bone marrow cells and an organ for regulating the homeostasis of calcium ions. In the circadian gerontological period, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are determined by their respective functions of bone formation and bone resorption, and in the clinical-geriatric period of bone aging, bones and bone cells will change. 5P medicine and 5G medical services, new generation sequencing and pharmacogenetics are new modern foundations (paradigms) of personalized medicine — a key basis for understanding the common mechanisms of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease. The presence of multiple chronic conditions in gerontology and geriatrics requires the use and clinical application of information and communication infrastructure 5G the next generation, neuromarketing and neurobial, neuroimaging consciousness and brain-machine interfaces, biorobots and biochips. 5P medicine and functioning of integrated neural systems through integration and analysis of dynamic hybrid multimodal neural EEG and fMRI information, combined with neuropsychological testing, will allow the geriatrician to manage (prevent and predict), not only healthy aging of Homo sapiens, but also timely diagnosis of osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease, treatment start time, definition. Early age (from 40–45 years) diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis using tools (technologies) 5P medicine and 5G medical services, will manage the medical, socio-economic problem of our time. Early age diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis using tools (technologies) 5P medicine and 5G medical services, allows you to manage a “silent epidemic” (“hidden epidemic”) of the 21st century with the help of non-medicamentous treatments — three multi-paradigm platforms: healthy lifestyle, physical activity, functional nutrition (balanced, healthy, natural). The key to the success of osteoporosis treatment is in a new 5P medicine based on a deep individualized approach and motivation to prevent diseases.

187-192

Authors: Matkeeva A.

The article presents the characteristics of 60 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6 to 11 years, depending on the type of classification, who were treated at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (Bishkek).

197-207

Authors: Chen Fengxiang, Yang Lei

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are vital energy-conversion devices in a hydrogen-fueled economic. In this study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study 4e− oxygen reduction reaction process on transition metal embedded in single and double vacancies (SV and DV) in a graphene. We calculated bonding energy and adsorption energy on CoX3 (X = B, C, N, Si, P and S) and CoX4 (X = B, C, N, Si, P and S) embedded in graphene. Our DFT results indicate that formation of CoX3 is unfeasible and the formation of CoX4 is feasible. In addition, the crucial role of ligand atoms near embedded metal atoms is revealed via the molecular orbital theory. Then the Gibbs free energy of CoX4 are calculated and the CoN4, CoS4, and CoP4 are predicted to be active for catalyzing ORR, and these also show ligand atoms’ coordination effect for catalytic activity of central metal. Furthermore, we observed that they have identical rate-determining step (RDS). This work can provide some references for transition atoms catalytic doped in carbon materials.

213-219

Authors: Rykova L.

The problem of creating an accessible living environment in our country over the past decades is one of the most urgent. International obligations and national legislation approved the principles on which the state’s policy regarding disabled people should be based. Transport mobility is an essential prerequisite for the active involvement of people with disabilities in society. The effectiveness of creating an accessible environment in transport depends on the availability of well-trained specialists. In order to form appropriate competencies for students in transport specialties at transport universities of the country, the discipline “Organization of an accessible environment for people with disabilities in transport” is included in the professional cycles of some educational programs. Studying the issues of organizing the interaction of participants in the process of forming an accessible environment, within the framework of the indicated discipline, required additional studies aimed at analyzing and systematizing a large amount of information related to regulatory support and modern technologies for providing transportation services to the population. The article is devoted to the organization of interaction of participants in the formation of an accessible environment for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility using the example of railway transport.

227-236

Authors: Berketova L., Korotkovа D.

As you know, the formation of the diet of various peoples of the world is influenced by many factors: first of all, geographical location and climate, which determines the consumption of certain types of fruits, plants, and animals. This formed the people’s features in the development and structure of the body and led to differences in health. The article provides information about the food traditions of the northern ethnic groups. The “northern” type of metabolism requires the predominance of protein and fat components in the diet. Studies show that people who came to the Far North from the middle latitudes, their need for protein increased by 16%, in fat by 42%, in carbohydrates decreased by 40%. Food rich in fat and high in calories allows you to saturate the body and give it the necessary amount of energy without increasing the volume of food consumption. Meat products: deer meat, game, meat of large marine animals: walruses, seals, whales. Pinniped meat per 100 g contains 24.5 g of protein and 113 kcal. It is also rich in potassium, sodium and phosphorus, vitamins A, B2 and other compounds. An important role in the life of Northern peoples is played by berries: cranberries and cloudberries, which contain dietary fiber (2.5 g and 6.3 g), vitamins B2 (0.02 mg and 0.07 mg), C (15 mg and 29 mg), E (1 mg and 1.5 mg), magnesium (7 mg and 29 mg), calcium (25 mg and 15 mg), phosphorus (16 mg and 29 mg), potassium (90 mg and 180 mg). Wild sorrel, wild cherry, lichen and other herbs are widely used in food and medicine and contain a complex of enzymes, vitamins, fat, and organic acids. The main product is sea and river fish: whitefish, white salmon, tugun, arctic cisco and others. Fish is served in dried, boiled, smoked, salted, frozen or baked types, usually without a side dish, which is not so common in the North, most often it is replaced by berries or roots. In winter, stroganina is a delicacy. Dried fish also goes into flour, which is used to make soup, bake bread, or mix with berries. The article presents information on such dishes as ngaibat, kanyga, “blood soup”, kopal’khen or kymgyt, kiviak, akutaq and others.

245-253

Authors: Yakubova U., Parpieva N., Mirhojaeva N.

The paper provides some applications of matrix theory in economics. In particular, when the industry is connected by production and consumption of different products, the number of planned gross product of industries, inter-industry delivery of products, and net products of industries is calculated. The task of finding the budgets of states, with the specified structural matrix of trade of these states and the sum of their budgets, is also being considered. In addition, the application of the concept of eigenvector and eigenvalue to find the ratio of state budgets to balance the trade of participating states is considered.

258-261

Authors: Buyalo A., Kakunina A.

The article provides an analysis and systematization of the reasons for abandoning trains, highlighting the main reasons, as well as factors of the first and second levels. At present, intelligent systems are undergoing great development. Such a system is an intelligent control system for railway transport. Savings, if used according to the calculations, will be significant. Also, a large number of receiving and departure tracks at intermediate stations are freed, which will increase the efficiency of the railway performance, as well as reduce the losses of shippers. In conclusion, it is concluded that an integrated approach is needed from the side of the logistics component and from the side of the organization of train traffic.

266-270

Authors: Alymbaeva Z., Alimakhunov A.

This article examines the new world order that humanity faced with the collapse of the bipolar security system. The new paradigms of the world order have contributed to Kyrgyzstan to conduct an independent, domestic and foreign policy that meets national interests. With new vectors of politics, society found itself under the influence of new contents of the information industry, which carried threats and challenges to the foundations of statehood. In order to eliminate the indicated contents of threats and challenges, a number of fundamental documents were developed and adopted, which are aimed at ensuring security with all its components.

276-281

Authors: Alakhunov N.

The article discusses the admissibility of termination of an agreement on pleading guilty by the suspect and the accused both in the course of pre-trial proceedings and in court proceedings in criminal cases of grave and crimes. It should be noted that the criminal procedure code did not directly provide for a mechanism for terminating an agreement on pleading guilty to the suspects and accused in criminal cases. This significantly leads to a violation of not only the fundamental law of state but also the constitutional rights and freedoms of the individual. This article attempts to design a mechanism for terminating an agreement on the plea of guilty of suspects and accused in criminal cases.

287-290

Authors: Vidyasova I., Khudoikina T.

This article reveals the legal regulation of educational activities at the federal level. The essential advantages of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, adopted in 2012, are indicated. The problematic aspects are revealed that do not allow to regulate educational activities effectively enough. Prospective ways of solving the problems identified during the study are proposed.

297-302

Authors: Averkovich P.

The need to write this article is due to the existing problems of adaptation to the order and conditions of serving sentences of women sentenced to imprisonment and the lack of legal regulation in addressing these issues. Since a reasonable solution to these issues negatively affects the implementation of the criminal Executive policy of Russia.

309-313

Authors: Kachikeev T., Kozhogeldieva M.

The interdependence of the age characteristics of children worries not only scientists, but also parents. This article addresses the issue of the child's activity in the early age period. The ability of adults to create conditions for the child's substantive actions provide an opportunity for timely mental development. Through manipulation, children learn about the world, assimilate the meanings of objects and situations. The perception of the surrounding reality expands the inner world of the child. Objective actions jointly with an adult develop cognitive processes, form the emotional-volitional sphere of children. The works of many scientists remind about the socio-psychological characteristics of young children, as well as the studies of Kyrgyz scientists. Observations have shown in practice the importance of object-related actions at an early age, when manipulation provides information about the world around us, about the features of things, situations, and relationships. Features of mental manifestations at an early age affect further development.

324-329

Authors: Bekturov T., Chelpakova S.

Under the context of growing demand for teachers’ professional training, the issues of the formation and improvement of their pedagogical mastery become of current interest. A teacher who wants to develop his/her pedagogical skills shall constantly learn to apply pedagogical methods in his/her work. After all, the professional competence of a teacher directly depends on the possession of professional technique. The purpose of this work is to clarify the concept of “pedagogical technique” and determine its place and role in improvement of teacher’s professional mastery. In this regard, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and clarification were used. The narrative of the importance of clarifying the definition of the term is presented for defense and the version proposed is as follows: “Pedagogical technique is an important component within the structure of pedagogical skills, their forms, practical manifestation, through which a high level of pedagogical professionalism can be formed and developed”. The knowledge of structure of pedagogical methods and formation of appropriate behavioral skills increase the teacher’s professionalism. Therefore, in teacher’s activities, pedagogical technique steps forward as a system of social and pedagogical support of the educational process, which performs a number of functions in teaching and educational work.

339-344

Authors: Agliulova L., Panyagin D.

Physical education classes are already in need of modernization due to declining attendance rates and student satisfaction with the program. And yoga together with meditation and pranayama can be an effective substitute. Outside of Russia, the benefits of this practice have long been studied and are already being used for the prevention and treatment of most physiological and psychological problems of people. Students of technical universities were selected to study and conduct the experiment, as they have an analytical mindset and hard work. The practice of meditation helped balance their brain activity and yoga classes improved their health and learned how to help their body after hard work or long sitting at the computer. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the introduction of yoga into the program significantly improved the physical indicators of students, the quality of their learning and emotional state.

380-386

Authors: Mikhailova E., Khlebnikov A.

The article deals with the organization of preventive measures aimed at reducing intra-school conflicts in the context of distance learning. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the results of the conducted SWOT analysis, which showed that schoolteachers have certain difficulties in switching to a new form of organizing pedagogical work. As a result of the study, new school management mechanisms were developed, which allowed to optimize the work of teachers and create favorable conditions that reduce the risk of pedagogical conflicts.

394-397

Authors: Babaeva S.

It is illuminated history of the fuel-energy complex of Surkhan oasis, the works of the Soviet government that belong to electrification, official documents which were adopted by Soviet government, analysis of statistical materials in this article. At a time when world economical relations have chosen new directions of development and It has begun radical changes on this basis, the controversial situation in the Turkestan has allowed for the timely adaptation of technical innovations and the implementation of large-scale measures to introduce them into the country’s industry. The process of electrification of the Turkestan region has experienced a similarly complex historical reality, at the first colony, after then it lagged far behind electricity consumption in the central regions as a marginal country in the period of Soviet government.

405-410

Authors: Khujanazarov A., Allamuratov Sh.

The article is devoted to the history of medicine in our country, as well as to questions and solutions. Analyzing, for example, how the health care system has taken into account the impact of reforms over the past four years.

417-426

Authors: Karataeva S.

The purpose of our article can be characterized as a scientific review of the vocal system of the Kyrgyz language against the background of Turkic phonology and the patterns of development of the vocal paradigm, the transformation and evolution of long vowels in the historical context (influence of the Arabic language) of Central Asia. Analyzing all data related to the long vowels’ changes in the above-mentioned language and the transformations based on Arabic borrowings. Also, subjected to a detailed analysis of the graphic influences from the side of Arabic graphics in relation to Kyrgyz phonology and linguistic facts about the transformation of Arabic tokens during adaptation in a foreign language context. Nevertheless, to explain the areal features of the Kyrgyz language on the scale of Central Asia. To demonstrate (on the example of archaic words, religious lexicon terms) the stages and patterns of the historical development of the vocal system of a given language in a comparative and cognitive plan. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify and describe the patterns of development of quantum phonetics, phonosemantic features of long vowels of Kyrgyz lexemes and phonemes on the one hand, and Arabic guttural and posterolinguistic connectives on the other hand. Kyrgyz and Arabic are multisystem languages. The Arabic language, in a typological sense, is inflectional and belongs to the Semitic group, at the same time, according to some scholars, the Kyrgyz is an agglutinative language and has Altai origin. It is well known that the phonetic spectrum and their variable language palette of the Arabic language is very diverse. In phonetic terms, the Arabic language has a widely developed system of consonant phonemes, on the other hand, the likelihood of the phonomorphological and phonosemantic function of vowels in the Kyrgyz language is quite high too. As part of our research, we tried to identify the seven positions of long vowels in the Arabic language, and in parallel to this show the transformations of Arabic sounds based on the internal phonetic laws of the Kyrgyz language. Consequently, the Arabic long vowels in the process of adaptation in the Kyrgyz language environment, to a certain extent, retained their quantitative character (quantum coefficient) in comparison with other Turkic languages of Central Asia.

19-32

Authors: Afonin A.

The article substantiates the need to study the development of one-year saplings from cuttings of almond willow (Salix triandra). Purpose of research: identification and analysis of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots in S. triandra clones against the background of excessive atmospheric moisture in the form of three showers in 2020. Material and methods. Research methods: selection, structural-morphological, chronobiological. Object of research: model inbred-clone one-year population of S. triandra. The number of clones is 7; the recurrence is 6-fold. Material: growing annual shoots on one-year saplings; each sapling was formed into a single shoot. Results. Under experimental conditions, the rooting capacity of cuttings was 100%. Dimorphic root systems were formed on the mother cuttings of the excavated seedlings. The annual growth of the strongest shoots was 175 ... 215 cm. The daily growth in shoots reached peak values by June 10: the average daily growth was 3.6 cm/day, the maximum — 4.4 ... 4.9 cm/day. After June 10, the daily growth rate decreased unevenly until the end of the growing season. Some shoots completed growth before the beginning of August, and some continued growth until the middle of August. The cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily growth in the form of three peaks separated by two dips is established. The third peak is formed after the third rainstorm. Discussion and conclusions. Cyclical seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots is characterized by a high degree of synchronization of growth processes. Probably, all the shoots are affected by some powerful pulse synchronizer of unknown nature. It is possible that periodic showers may have a modifying effect on the mechanisms that regulate growth processes. The temporal discreteness of shoot morphogenesis is due to the full or partial realization of the seasonal cycle of shoot development. The duration of growth is due to interclonal and intraclonal differences. Probably, the duration of morphogenesis is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic factors.

49-54

Authors: Gurbanov E., Guseinova H.

Absheron National Park was established on the basis of Abhseron State Nature Lowland in 783 hectares of the territory of Khazar district of Baku city by the decree of the president of the country on February 08, 2005; the main purpose is to provide the protection of environment, efficient use, protection of endangered rare plant species, the development of ecotourism, organization of the tourism and recreation zones and environmental enlightenment. For this purpose, the geobotanical researches of the psammophyte-desert vegetation formed in the ecosystem (biogeocenosis) of Absheron National Park which located in the part of Suiti cape and Shahdili of the Caspian Sea in Absheron peninsular were executed by the method of “route” on May-June of 2018-2019 and the following were identified. As it can be seen from “The classification of the vegetation of Northern and southern Caspian coast” made up by us for the first time, 2 formation classes, 4 formation groups and 7 associations have been determined in the prammophyte-desert vegetation that formed in the territory of Absheron National Park.

59-76

Authors: Volobuev A., Romanov D., Romanchuk P.

The new modern world has entered a complex society. Nature its new material world of the Universe and its natural habitat, become more variable, over shorter periods of time. The system of nature–society–human is a holistic, dynamic, wave, open, steadily non-equilibrium system, with the isolation not only of internal ties, but also of external ones - with the space environment. Modern science views man, humanity and the biosphere as a single system, with growing demographic, food and medical problems. Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. The introduction of biocomputer nanoplatforms and modules consisting of small molecules, polymers, nucleic acids or proteins/peptides, nanoplatforms are programmed to detect and process external stimuli, such as magnetic fields or light, or internal stimuli, such as nucleic acids, enzymes or pH, using three different mechanisms: system assembly, system disassembly or system transformation. Current biocomputer nanoplatforms are invaluable for many applications, including medical diagnostics, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and delivery of therapeutic drugs to target cell populations. Integration of different sources of information will allow researchers to obtain a new holistic picture of the pathophysiological process of the disease, which will cover from molecular changes to cognitive manifestations. Cognitive memory is a continuous act of creation, one of the largest and most capacious concepts that represents the main function of memory in general. The knowledge that a person receives during training is first perceived as something external, but then gradually they turn into experience and beliefs. Cognitive memory retains all the knowledge gained, representing a kind of “library”, and the process of assimilation and preservation becomes more complicated as the information received becomes more complex.

83-92

Authors: Romanova A., Kolpak E., Andreeva U., Polina S., & Shmeleva A.

The paper develops a mathematical model of population growth in an agricultural community, covering the 17th century ad. The model takes into account two types of resources that provided life, and the influence of management structures on population growth. The analytical results are compared with the estimated data of historians and economists on the world population. Based on the statistical approach, a model for estimating the possible dynamics of population growth is proposed.

98-106

Authors: Mammadova Sh.

The article presents materials of the influence of various norms of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the bioenergetic and economic efficiency of vegetable beans. Comparison of the studied options shows that the bioenergetic efficiency of vegetable beans is the most rational in the N30P30K30 option. The intensive technology of growing vegetable beans is energy efficient, since the energy supply of all options for applying organic and inorganic fertilizers is more than one unit.

113-117

Authors: Suvorov S., Tolstokorov S.

The article provides data from studies conducted on the basis of the Saratov State Medical University on the prevention of respiratory diseases using physiotherapy and exercise therapy. In the course of the measures taken, a decrease in the incidence rate among children of this group was noted.

124-131

Authors: Beishenbaeva B.

Based on static data for the period 2010 -2019. Submitted by the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, an analysis of the overall incidence of allergic rhinitis in the child and adult population of the Kyrgyz Republic was carried out. A logarithmic prognostic trend line was drawn for general morbidity and children aged 0 to 14 years.

158-165

Authors: Beregovoi A., Dzholbunova Z.

This article provides a comparative description of changes in the level of growth hormone and blood cortisol in adolescents with the development of meningitis of various etiologies. The study was conducted in 2019 on 48 patients aged 10 to 19 years. In comparison, the groups of patients with acute bacterial and serous meningitis are presented. The results of the study help to determine what metabolic disorders can occur with meningitis of various etiological agents, which aggravates the course of the disease, increases the risk of complications and death, as well as to build a tactics of treatment and management of such patients. Particular attention is paid to the development of stress hyperglycemia — a condition that significantly aggravates the course of a generalized infectious and inflammatory process and increases the risk of complications from many body systems.

178-187

Authors: Kasiev N. Li N.

The United Nations General Assembly in 2012, at its 66th session, recognized that oral diseases pose a serious health problem for many countries. The European Health Commission has proposed 40 dental health indicators to assess the main criteria for dental status, achievements in prevention and possible risk factors for dental diseases. Dental caries are one of the most pressing problems of pediatric dentistry not only in the world, but also in the Kyrgyz Republic. Unfortunately, in Kyrgyzstan, the incidence of caries remains stable at a high level. Finding and applying effective methods and approaches to the diagnosis of early manifestations of caries in children is a relevant and important point. Therefore, timely diagnosis of caries at the age of 6–7 years prevents the transition of initial forms of caries to carious defects, and in the future eliminates the use of invasive methods of surgical restorative treatment. Regular assessment of the possible impact of behavioral risk factors for dental caries in school-aged children should be a mandatory component of monitoring the medical effectiveness of prevention programs. Through primary and secondary dental caries prevention programs in children, it is possible to approach the best international standards for the quality of dental care for children. The solution to the problem of high incidence of dental caries in children is possible only if the preventive focus of school dentistry, consisting in hygienic education and education of schoolchildren, is prioritized. The importance of a comprehensive approach in solving the problems of pediatric dentistry lies in improving the effectiveness of the dentist and the quality of services provided.

200-222

Authors: Bulgakova S., Zakharova N., Romanchuk P.

In studies Romanchuk N.P. from invention in 2010 [68] (consisting in increasing the preventive effect on the human body through the introduction of vital food substances into a functional food product to suppress free radical activity, invasive detoxification of the human body, optimizing neurogenic regulation of vascular tone in arterial hypertension and restoring reproductive functions in males and females by optimizing the quality structure of product components), to the present [69] it has been shown that a new managed healthy biomicrobiota and personalized functional and balanced nutrition of the “brain and microbiota” is a long-term medical program of the patient, which allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmaceuticals, and most importantly the prevention of polypharmacy. The main engine of human longevity is when microbiological memory remains stable, and the diet of functional (healthy) dietary nutrition and the structure of healthy biomicrobiota function almost unchanged. The human microbiome is a collection of all microbes that inhabit the body. The human gut microbiome is a unique collection of microorganisms that affect a number of important processes: from metabolic and immune to cognitive, and deviation of its composition from the norm leads to the development of various pathological conditions. Harmful changes in the composition or number of gut bacteria, commonly referred to as intestinal dysbacteriosis, have been associated with the development and progression of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular (CVD) diseases. Most CVD risk factors, including aging, obesity, certain dietary patterns, and sedentary lifestyles, have been shown to cause bowel dysbiosis. Dysbacteriosis is associated with gut inflammation and reduced gut barrier integrity, which in turn increases levels of circulating structural components of bacteria and microbial metabolites that may contribute to CVD development. The purpose of the present review is to summarize available data on the role of the gut microbiome in the regulation of cardiovascular function and pathological processes. Particular attention is paid to dietary-related microbiome changes, as well as cellular mechanisms by which the microbiome can alter CVD risk.

230-237

Authors: Shan J., Li J., Guo Z., Levtsev A.

The hot water supply system is one of the important components of the water supply and drainage system of high-rise civil buildings. With the development of the national economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s requirements for popularizing hot water supply and improving hot water supply technology are becoming more and more urgent. In the process of hot water supply, the flow pressure of the pipeline is increased, and the purpose of hot water supply in high-rise buildings is achieved. The experiment analyzes the effect of the pressure ratio on the pipeline in front of the accumulator and the impact valve on the flow of coolant through the check valve. First, through the periodic opening and closing of the shock valve, the pressure continues to rise and fall, and the spring hose exhibits periodic pulsation. The effects of different pressure ratios on pipeline pressure and flow rate are studied, and the data of simulation calculation and actual measurement are analyzed through experiments. The research results have practical significance for improving the water supply efficiency of the hot water supply system of high-rise buildings.

248-253

Authors: Guo Z., Shan J., Li J., Levtsev A.

Baffle heat exchanger is widely used in various production activities because of its simple design and strong adaptability, so the structural optimization of baffle heat exchanger is of great significance to engineering practice. COMSOL software was used to simulate the shell-and-tube heat exchanger with baffles. By comparing and analyzing the simulation results, we find that the temperature field and pressure field of baffle plate are distributed evenly; The existence of baffles leads to the transverse flow of air, which increases the heat exchange area. Another advantage of using baffles is that vibration due to fluid flow can be reduced.

262-269

Authors: Li J., Shan J., Guo Z., Levtsev A.

In recent years, the enhancement of heat transfer by pulsating flow has become a research hotspot. A great deal of work has been done in the past, with remarkable results, to achieve better heat transfer rates. How to improve the efficiency of heat exchanger is always a research topic. In this paper, pulsating air flow is formed by standard ventilation grille and electric actuator, and the pulsating air flow is guided through two-stage heat exchanger to study the influence of pulsating air flow on heat transfer efficiency. The experimental results show that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved by pulsating flow and the heat recovery efficiency can be reduced by increasing the flow rate of the heating medium.

279-287

Authors: Guo Z., Shan J., Li J., Levtsev A.

Pulse enhanced heat transfer technology is introduced, and a plate heat exchanger is designed. A pulsating valve is installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger to pulsate the heat medium. Pulsating and non-pulsating heat transfer tests are carried out on the same heat exchanger. On the basis of experiments, the effective temperature difference, heat flow and convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger at different pulse frequencies are analyzed by combining the theory of pulse enhanced heat transfer technology, heat transfer capacity, heat flow and convective heat transfer coefficient. Find the relationship between pulsation frequency of heat transfer effect of heat exchanger. The experimental results show that the heat exchanger has high heat transfer efficiency under the experimental conditions when there is pulsation.

296-299

Authors: Toktorbaeva G., Tashpolotov Y., Ysmanov E.

Pyrogenic gums of walnut shells are raw materials for various commercial products, for example, phenols. In the process of pyrolysis, valuable organic products are formed: volatile gases — 33.5%, liquid substances (organic substances) — 35% and charcoal — 31.4%. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of the fraction of the pyrolysis resin of walnut shells using a TKP-160 Cr-MIUKhL thermostat using a refrigerator. In the resin reactor, the following products were separated: light, phenolic, naphthalene, absorbent, anthrocene and pitch. It has been established that the separated organic fractions depend on the individual boiling off of substances.

305-310

Authors: Osekova G., Tashpolotov Y.

In the article, sodium acetate was studied and obtained from carboxylic acids from coal tar of brown coal by the method of neutralization, and drying and crystallization were made. Investigated and obtained ethyl acetate from carboxylic acids from the resin of Uzgen brown coal, by the esterification method and by the low-temperature distillation method. Excess carboxylic acids and azeotropic substances were checked, repeated purification was done and pure ethyl acetate was obtained at a temperature of 77–78 °C.

316-321

Authors: Khujaev P., Saidkhojaev Kh., Saidgufronov N.

The calculation of operating costs during heat generation in boilers is considered in this article. Presented approximation curves that increase the range of applications of the method.

330-334

Authors: Khajayev R.

In Uzbekistan there are high rates of population growth, the state program of urbanization is planned. In today's conditions, the renovation of residential buildings is widely used in the world practice. Taking into account the positive aspects of this method, it is proposed to use it in the domestic practice of reproduction of housing stock in large cities.

340-349

Authors: Miroshnichenko Yu., Osadskaya A., Shcherbakov S.

The purpose of the study is to assess the labor costs of teachers to create programs of additional professional education. The SIM-UML system is used to build visual and simulation models of additional professional education processes. As a result of modeling, the estimation of labor costs in manual and automated versions is obtained.

357-361

Authors: Davydova N., Khudoikina T.

The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the fact that in recent years in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation great attention is paid to physical culture and sports, federal programs for the development of physical culture and sports are being developed and implemented, sports facilities are being built for all categories of citizens. There is an active promotion of a healthy lifestyle, in connection with which, an interest in regular sports has been entrenched in society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislative regulation of the legal status of a sportsman in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, since each region has its own distinctive features. To achieve the goal, the authors set the tasks to study the legislation on sports of the Republic of Mordovia. The article considers the current regional regulatory legal acts.

368-374

Authors: Platonova K., Koval K., Shumova K.

Within the framework of this article, the features of the review of cases are disclosed, in order to correct the admitted judicial errors, in the order of instance by the courts of appeal and cassation. The importance and effectiveness of the transformation of courts of appeal and cassation under the influence of the ongoing judicial reform is analyzed.

382-386

Authors: Zhdanova A.

Modern psychological studies of communicative competence indicate the need to improve and maintain the proper level of this skill, adequate and productive interpersonal interaction. Communication competence — the ability to establish and maintain the necessary contacts with other people. Effective communication is characterized by mutual understanding of partners, a deep understanding of the situation and the subject of communication. So as to save citizens from disability is not enough to create specific health and social conditions, according to the who, health only 10% depends on the state of health — one of the main factors in maintaining the optimum degree of effectiveness of remedial measures becomes a subjective factor of interpersonal interaction between doctor and patient. Each patient under the influence of external circumstances (financial situation, family relations, medical and preventive care, etc.) and psychological factors develops their attitude to the disease, which does not always coincide with the doctor's recommendations, which can lead to conflicts in therapy. Doctor–patient interaction is also a process of communication in which a positive therapeutic Alliance must be formed, otherwise, in the presence of confrontational moods, effective cooperation in the doctor-patient dyad becomes unattainable — the patient’s recovery becomes at risk.

407-411

Authors: Smirnova E.

This article examines the problem of the formation of conflictological competence, which is fundamental in the teacher’s professiogram. Namely, the reasons for the high conflict potential of the educational environment, the possibility of its optimization. The article describes the analysis of the teacher’s conflictological competence from the standpoint of its essence and structure, as well as the possibility of its development.

419-425

Authors: Yakubova U., Parpieva N., Mirhojaeva N.

The article describes the role of web technologies in effective teaching of mathematics at universities. The advantages of the use of WebQuests are defined. This study aims to examine the effect of WebQuests used in instruction on students’ academic achievements and the student and teacher opinions on WebQuests.

434-437

Authors: Petrov I.

Limiting a person’s lifestyle to objective social conditions is usually due to the fact that they determine the essence and nature of people's life activities. However, not only social, but also natural factors determine people’s life activity. The article shows that the way of life of people can be studied only in unity with the conditions of life. Its essence should be revealed taking into account the influence of natural and social conditions on it. This means that the concepts of “living conditions” and “lifestyle” are inseparable, but it does not mean that one of them becomes an integral part of the other. In fact, living conditions, or rather the natural and social spheres, only describe the possible range of people’s activities. It is emphasized that not only living conditions shape the way of life of a person, but he himself changes the surrounding conditions, both social and natural, during his life.

442-447

Authors: Murodova D.

The article emphasizes the importance of the city of Margilan, which plays an important role in the urban planning of South Fergana, based on the information provided in written sources. The formation of anthropogenic landscapes in urban planning processes is covered on the basis of finds of archaeologists who researched in this area.

454-460

Authors: Tairova F.

The given article deals with issues related to the relationship between phraseological units and words, and provides definitions of the term “phraseological unit”. A significant part of the article is devoted to the review and analysis of different views of scientists on the theory of equivalence of phraseological units with words. The results of the analysis are used to formulate conclusions about the relationship between words and phraseological units.