European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

797-806

Authors: Alex O Edeoja, Matthew Ekoja and Livinus T Tuleun

The effects of penstock area reduction and number of turbine v-blades on the performance of a simplified Pico-hydro system which is currently undergoing development was investigated in this study. One and two stage area reductions from 3-2½ inches and then from 3-2½-2 inches were effected on the penstock, and turbine runners with 6 to 12 v-blades were tested for each configuration. The turbine and alternator shaft speeds as well as the depth of water in the overhead and underground reservoirs were monitored. The gross head, volumetric flow rates for each operation, fluid power and the head losses involved were computed. The results obtained indicated that the two stage area reduction of the penstock with the runners having 9 -10 blades produced the highest shaft rotational speeds as well as computed fluid power. The differences between the results for the two penstock configurations were however not statistically significant at 95% level while those between the different number blades were highly significant at the same level. This implies the existence of the possibility that further stages of reduction in the penstock area could improve the system performance while no advantage exists for system performance in its present state for number of blades lower than or beyond 9 to 10. This is useful for the further development of this simple decentralized and environmentally friendly system for end user implementation.

814-820

Authors: Sundas Rafat Mulkana and Adnan Maqsood

Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) take precedence over their fixed wing counterparts by virtue of their ability to hover, take off from a constraint surface, maneuver in tight spaces and their perch and stare capability. This paper aims at establishing a scalable relationship between flapping frequency and the geometric parameters that include wingspan (b) and body mass (m) using real data of birds and apply that to determine the Strouhal No.’s relationship with efficiency for flapping wing MAVs. Surrogate models in the form of power laws are developed for systems to handle growing amount of data and generate governing laws for complex phenomena. Geometric data of 140 birds of various species is utilized to form scalable equations. Subsequently, regression analysis is applied to develop the power law model of flapping wing frequency from wingspan and body mass respectively, and subsequently,Strouhal No. is calculated. The derived equations are used to graphically represent the relationship between frequency and geometric parameters for birds and MAVs data and Strouhal No. versus propulsive efficiency for MAVs data. The results indicate a strong correlation of wingspan with flapping frequency. The findings of this study are compared to existing models suggested by previous researchers and futuristic design trends are assessed.

828-835

Authors: Uma Rathore, Garima Prajapat, Rama Gupta and N Bhojak

This paper describes the conductometric, potentiometric and antimicrobial investigations on few Cu(II)- thiosemi-carbazone complexes. Solution studies on the complexes have also been carried out in different micellar systems at 25C and data have been compared with ethanol- water mixture. Stability constants have been determined in 60% ethanol by pH metric study. The conductometric studies have been carried out in doubly distilled water, Triton X-100 and Brij-35 mediums. Proton ligand stability constant and metal-ligand stability have been determined by pH data. Association constants and formation constants have been computed and different types of stoichiometry [M: L] have been observed for metal-ligand complexes as; 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4 etc.

844-849

Authors: Anju P Mathews, AO Lindo and CK Aanandan

A half- mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)band pass filter is presented. Split ring resonator (SRR) introduced as a series element provides the required bandpass while edge coupled SRRs produce well defined transmission zeros on either side of the passband. The filter is analysed using the LC equivalent circuit and also using the surface current distribution for better understanding of its behavior. The simulated values of the insertion loss and return loss are 1 dB and 30 dB respectively. Slight deviation is observed in the measured values due to fabrication errors.

858-865

Authors: Md Ahsanul Kabir Bulbul, Md Ashiqur Rahman Laskar, Md Waqeeb Tahmeed Sayeed Chy and Mir Sahariat

Utilization of multi-renewable energy sources for railway vehicle or train is highly beneficial as an alternative source of energy for its operation. Harvesting energy from various sources such as solar, wind and piezoelectric material is focused in this paper. It is performed employing efficient methodologies found in previous research and concurrent technology with a view to increasing power generation and reducing electricity demand from the third rail (a semi-continuous rigid conductor along the rail track available for electric power supply). Choice of high performing solar panel, proper selection and positioning of wind turbine, introduction of aerodynamic shape to train body pave the way for harvesting greater amount of energy. This paper also describes the suitable methodol-ogy required for generating electricity from piezoelectric materials. Eventually, an integrated HESSs is implanted for storing energy in a reliant way.