European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

1-7

Authors: Govind Singh Bhardwaj

Twin motorways tunnels are constructed in Aravalli Mountains of western India, for providing the smooth transport facility for man and material. These tunnels are located on four lane national highways number 76. The twin tunnel road passage connects the Kandla Port on Arabian Sea to shipment dimensional stones from Rajasthan and adjoining states from western part of the sub-continent, ultimately to the north-central India. It is constructed for fast delivery and in future it will be a catalytic development as economic driven activity. Frequently occurring landslide failure on both ends of tunnels, present study has been planned for failure-risk analysis. Tunnel failure-risk analysis carried out by back and probability analysis. The Multiple Back Analysis approach has been used, where different factor of safety (FoS) curves have been derived by numerical analysis. The back analysis shows that for both, tunnel-1 and tunnel-2, the ideal conditions calculated for minimizing failure risk has been achieved by maintaining the cohesion values 148.41 and 168.33 or more than that respectively. Probability analysis also depicting 0.66 to 2.30 factor of safety and the places of less than 1.00 are unsafe. Frequency percentage vs. factor of safety and probability percentage vs. factor of safety plot shows that there is a risk of failure of the tunnels from the cut hill slopes of corners. There are various reasons of triggering of failures in addition to transmitted vibrations from vehicular movement.

16-28

Authors: Puttaraje Gowda Dinesh, Nijagal Marulaiah Renukappa, Tenzin Pasang, Meghala Dinesh and Chikkakuntappa Rangananthaiah

High density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) based nanocomposites were fabricated using a constant 20 wt. % of carbon black (CB) as the base and different wt.% (0.25 to 1) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The conductivity and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and nano size free volume cavities of conducting HDPE/PP nanocomposites and their interrelation is explored. We found that the resistivity decreases by ~13 orders of magnitude and EMI SE shows a maximum of -30 dB in the three nanocomposites as the loading of MWNT increases. We obtained higher value of EMI SE in PP based nanocomposite compared to HDPE based ones. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that HDPE is highly crystalline while PP is highly amorphous. Filler loading reveals changes in crystalline and amorphous contents in the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results support the findings of the XRD data. Free volume data derived from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) exhibits a linear relation with EMI SE values of the three composite. Better EMI SE is achieved for PP composite without the use of functionalized MWNT with PAni.

35-38

Authors: H S Al-Bahrani, A S Al- Mousawi, A M Al–Dujaili and H M Mehdi

This research aims to study the seasonal variation in water quality parameters of Euphrates River at Najaf Province in Iraq during winter and summer seasons by using statistical test. Six water quality parameters were measured during the period from 2007 to 2012 in January and July. These parameters were hydrogen power (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium (Mg+2), chlorides (Cl-), and sulfates (SO4-2). Paired t-test was used six times to estimate the equality and inequality of the six water quality parameters in January and July. It was noticed that the values of water quality parameters in July were greater than their values in January for more parameters at significant (0.01) except for EC, where the test accept the equality hypotheses. This means that the water quality of the Euphrates River in Najaf Province became worse in summer than in winter for most parameters.

51-55

Authors: Mahesh K Jangid

This article reports the hydrogen storage characteristics of Mg-Based Mn thin film. The Mg-Mn thin films prepared using thermal evaporation method at pressure 10-5torr. The deposited films were annealed in vacuum at constant temperature 500K for one hour to get a homogeneous structure. Annealed thin films have been separately hydrogenated at different hydrogen pressure (20-60 psi) for 30 min. these films have been characterized and Optical band gap has been found to be increase with hydrogenation; it may be due to hydrogen accumulation at interface. Pristine film shows ohmic behavior and after annealing it shows semiconductor nature and also the conductivity of thin films has been found to be decreased due to hydrogenation because hydrogen takes electron from conduction band of metal as anionic model. Concluded the enhanced hydrogen affinity at the film substrate interface and suggested the study of complex hydride formation in thin films might give valuable information for the use of these Mg-Mn structures for hydrogen storage as well as solar collector materials.

69-74

Authors: Amit A Kadam and Anant M Bagade

In software engineering, software testing plays a vital role in improvement of software. In software testing, Test data generation is a standout amongst the most significant and crucial phases. Software testing is not possible without adequate test data. Software testing can be performed by using different test cases like, unit testing, integration testing, or system level testing. The first phase of testing is single module and we called as a Unit Testing, But by combining many unit testing module one other test type we can use i.e. Integration Testing. Integration testing tests the connections of different mechanism, when they are integrated together in precise application, for the smooth functionality of software arrangement. Many automated and manual test data generation techniques have been proposed for software testing. Coupling based testing is an integration testing which is based upon coupling relationships that exist among different variables within many other call sites are present. Up until now, test data generation approaches deal only with unit level testing. There is no work for software test information generation for coupling based testing. So, in this Paper, we proposed a novel methodology for automated test data generation based testing type classification and different algorithms that mostly used.

80-84

Authors: Himani and Kamaljit Kaur

Cloud computing is a nascent technology which widely spreads among researchers. It provides users with infrastructure, platform and software as amenity which is effortlessly accessible via Internet. In cloud computing, there are numerous tasks needs to be executed by the existing resources to attain best performance, shortest response time, minimal total time for completion, utilization of resources etc. Due to these dissimilar objectives, we need to design, develop a noble scheduling strategy to outperform proper division of tasks on virtual machines. Recently existing scheduling algorithm may work proficiently in some perspective. But they are unable to achieve deadline of task and attain maximum profit. Based on the concept of space-shared scheduling policy, this paper presents cost-deadline based scheduling to schedule tasks with Cloud-sim by taking into account several parameters including task profit, task penalty, and throughput.

89-92

Authors: Aruna Kanthi E and Kavitha M

Fly ash is generally used as replacement of cement, as an admixture in concrete, and in manufacturing of cement. Concrete containing fly ash as partial to complete replacement of fine aggregate will improve its strength on long-term basis. In this investigation fly ash is used as sand replacement material. The material mix of proportion 1:1.58:3.2:0.48. Each category comprises of various percentages of sand replacement material in increasing order i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The workability is maintained constant range for all mixes. Strength characteristics such as compressive strength split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete mixes are found out for 7, 14 and 28 days curing period and results are analyzed.