International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

7

Authors: A H Raval, P J Brahmbhatt and D P Patel

In pharmacy practice there are numbers of medication error occur. This research work what is the percentage ratio of medication error by a Medical Practioner, Pharmacist and Nurses in Anand district. Personal communication was held with the aid of a questionnaire to take review of research from different health practitioners. For minimizing the same the article shows us of theoretical based artificial intelligence software strategy.

7

Authors: Ramya, Syed Munawar Pasha and Ahalya S

Introduction: Dry eye is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by symptoms of discomfort, irritation and visual disturbance. The symptoms of dry eye can be correlated to Shushkakshipaka which is one among the Sarvagata netra rogas affecting all parts of eye as explained in Ayurvedic texts. A patient with the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease was treated according to the treatment principles of Shushkakshipaka as explained in Ayurvedic classics and the same has been presented in this article. Materials and methods: A patient was selected from Shalakya Tantra OPD of Sri Jayachamarajendra Institute of Indian Medicine Hospital, Bangalore with signs and symptoms of Dry Eye Disease for the study. He was treated according to chikitsa sutra of Shushkakshipaka i.e Snehapana, Akshi Tarpana, Nasya, Netra Parisheka and Ksheerabala taila matrabasti mentioned in the classics. Results: Subject showed marked improvement subjectively and in diagnostic tests like Schirmer-I test, Tear film Break up time and Fluorescein staining in both eyes. Discussion: The dry eye disease can be considered as Shushkakshipaka and can be treated according to its treatment principles.

7

Authors: Vimixa Patel, Hemang Raghavani and Kalapi Patel

Aim: To observe Samyaka Yoga, Ayoga and Atiyoga Lakshanas of Snehapana as well as complications of modified method of Shodhanartha Snehapana. Introduction: Panchakarma is Shodhana Pradhana Chikitsa. Snehana and Svedana are the karma that mainly done as Poorva Karma before performing any kind of Panchkarma. Amongst these two, Snehapana is time consuming and it requires more precise observation. The outcome of Vamana and Virechana depends on proper Snehapana because it prepares body for easy elimination of vitiated Dosas by Shodhana Chikitsa. The maximum duration of Shodhanartha Snehapana is considered for 7 days by Charaka Samhita. It has also mentioned that Shodhanartha Snehapana should be administered when meal of previous evening is digested. In afternoon also there is a time suitable for Snehapana when lunch is digested properly. Mostly Ayurveda practitioners are offering Shodhanartha Snehapana once a day in the morning. Shodhanartha Snehapana has been administered twice a day in to two divided doses in present study. This method is being practiced in P.D.Patel Ayurved Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat since last 30 years. Materials & Method: Before Snehapana Agni and Kostha were assessed, amount of Sneha which was given to the patients were divided in to two parts and one part is given to patient in the morning immediately after 1½ hour of sun rise and other in evening before 1½ hour of sun set. Pippali Churna was given for Deepana to the patients having Mandagni. Hot water was used as Anupana with Snehapana. Conclusion: In following modified method, larger amount of Sneha can be administered easily and hence need not to wait up to 7 days to elicit the symptoms of Samyaka Snehana. It was found convenient for the patient.

7

Authors: Vidyashree, Ashok Kumar B N, Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P and Ravindra Angadi

Background and Objective: Guduchi Kwatha is indicated in the treatment of Jwara. As per Acharya Sharangadhara the drug Guduchi should be always used in fresh form. Due to the seasonal availability of the drug, it is difficult to procure the drug throughout the year. Hence the present study was undertaken to compare pharmaceutical and analytical study of Guduchi Kwatha prepared from fresh and dry Guduchi. Aims and objectives: To study the organoleptic characters and evaluation of Guduchi kwatha prepared from fresh and dry Guduchi in terms of physico-chemical analysis and chromatographical parameters. Material and Methods: preparation of Guduchi Kwatha from fresh and dry Guduchi was carried out according to sharangadhara samhita, both samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis. Conclusion: The analytical parameters of both Guduchi Kwatha were almost similar but Total solids was more in DGK which denotes that its active constituents are more.

8

Authors: Milan Bambhaniya, and S.N.Gupta

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatitis that is characterized by an unpredictable course of remission and relapse and presence at typical sites of well-defined erythmatous papules and plaques, which are surmounted with large, silvery loose scales. It is an auto immune disorder in which hyper proliferation of the skin occurrs. Stress is one of the major triggering factor in the exacerbation of the disease. All skin diseases with their etiology, pathogenesis and specific classification have been included under the heading of Kushtha in Ayurveda. Kushtha Roga has involvement of Tridoṣa with the vitiation of Tvak, Rakta, Mamsa and Lasika. Ayurvedic Panchakarma procedures especially Vamana, Virecana and Niruha Basti gives good result in Kushtha (psoriasis) which requires hospitalization. Kaishora Guggulu and Manjishthadi Kwatha are the oral medicament mentioned in most Ayurvedic classics for the treatment of various skin disorders. A 23 years old male patient known case of Psoriasis was hospitalized in P. D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital, Nadiad for 37 days. He had complaints of discoloration of skin, spots all over the body, itching over whole body since 2 months. He had red patch in lower back region along with burning sensation. Patient had history of constipation since 5 years. Patient was on regular allopathic medicine for 2 months but he did not got any satisfactory relief in the sign and symptoms. He was treated for 37 days in I.P.D. with Snehapana followed by Virechana Karma, Niruha Basti along with oral medications like Manjishṭhadi Kvatha, Kaishor Guggulu, Arogyavardhini Vati. For Local application Gandhaka Malahara and Marichyadi oil was advised. After treatment a significant improvement was noted in patient’s signs and symptoms. There were 80% relief seen in patient in 37 days.

8

Authors: Aparna Nandakumar, Ashok Kumar B.N, Ravindra Angadi, R.R.Geethesh and Vidyanand Mohan

Ghrita Kalpana is the class of formulations which is mainly intended to imbibe both fat soluble and water soluble phytoconstituents of the raw drugs into Ghrita which is indicated as a wonderful base. Ghrita is known for its specific property of Samskarasyanuvartanat1 . Ghrita Kalpana is also known for its wide therapeutical actions including properties like Rasayana, Medhya etc. In the context of preparation of Ghrita kalpana, Acharyas have explained various Dravadravyas2 like Ksheera, Kashaya, Mamsarasa which has to be added along with the ghrita while processing. Ksheera is a drava dravya which is used to potentiate the formulations when Rasayana or Medhya Karma is required. At the same time, it is important to consider the analytical parameters meant for standardisation of the final product as it is the direct indicator of the product stability. Analytical study for Standardisation of Kalyanaka ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita were carried out as per classically established organoleptic characters and modern analytical parameters. The results obtained were compared and it was observed that the values were similar for Refractive index, specific gravity, acid value, unsaponifiable matter and pH.

8

Authors: Archana Singh, Parul Sharma, Sunil Kumar Pandey, Neelam Sajwan

Ano-rectal disorders are very commonly happening disorders in the general public. The faulty lifestyle viz; sitting in a same position for quite a while, a considerable measure of voyaging, constipation and dietary propensities viz; heavy and spicy foods and not doing regular exercises are also an important cause behind the pathogenesis of various ano-rectal disorders viz; piles, fistula and fissure etc. The Ayurveda mainly focuses on the preventive approach for the diseases. This article focuses around preventive and promotive measurements for the anorectal diseases including appropriate dietary administrations, way of life style regimes, Yogic exercises and pathyaapathya. The little changes in way of life can change the substance of the illness and the patient can be tremendously profited. The anorectral region is being the vital marma of the body so any infection involving this region can be exceptionally fatal, consequently it ought to be ensured with full endeavors to maintain a strategic distance from such ailments.

8

Authors: Subhashchandra S Madavi and Priyanka K Tayade

In Ayurveda, five basic extraction procedure were mentioned in the order of their decreasing strength. Swaras is considered to have the highest potent kalpana followed by the Kalka, Kwath, Fant and Hima. Rasa or Swaras is that which is obtained from the herbal plants which is fresh, free from insects and the insect bite and is crushed and it should be expressed through a fine cloth. Objectives- Present study was carried out to evaluate the changes in Quantity of Aamalaki swaras in every 15 days. Also, to check vitamin C and tannin content of amalaki swaras in every 15 days. Materials and method- Aamalaki swaras was prepared and given to Quality Control Lab to evaluate Vitamin C and Tannin content. One sample after every 15 days, in this way total eight samples of swaras were given for analysis. Result and ConclusionThe data will be assessed for its Quantity, Vitamin C and Tannin content. From this result we can conclude best period for Aamalaki collection.

9

Authors: Santhosh K, Rathi. S and Syed Munawar Pasha

Introduction A female patient of 30 year old approached shalakyatantra OPD of Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bangalore with complaint of left half headache associated with nausea, photophobia and phonophobia since 2 years. Headache appears two or three days prior to menses and headache lasts for more than 12 hours during every attack and subsides only after vomiting. Menstrual history is regular and the patient is not a known case of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or any other systemic diseases. The diagnosis was made as migraine without aura based on symptoms. Materials and Methods The subject was systematically reviewed and intervention was done in two phases with same line of treatment but with different time of administration of medicines. Results The subject showed subjective improvement in second phase of the treatment as shown in Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) score. Discussion There are eleven different time of administration of medicines mentioned in the classics depending upon doshas and diseases. In diseases like migraine, diabetes etc. though correlation can be made with the disease mentioned in ayurveda classics, the doshic component and the time of administration of medicine should be understood based on the symptoms and causes of the disease. This concept will be detailed in this case study.

9

Authors: Prajakta Borkar and Manish S. Bhoyar

BACKGROUND Today with changing lifestyle, dietary habits, Pollution, various skin diseases are raising their hands. Kitibha Kushtha is one of such skin diseases explained as Kshudrakushtha in ayurvedic classics with vata-kapha involvement characterized by skin which is blackish brown in colour (shyawatwa), rough in touch (kharatwa) & scaly (Khartwa), hard to touch (parushatva) & dry (Rukshtwa). Treatment of skin disease is burning issue in modern medical science due to temporary relief and side effect of steroid therapy. Here Ayurveda plays an important role to find safe and effective alternative. The present work has been undertaken to evaluate effect of Shodhan and Shaman treatment in Kitibha Kushtha hence carried, management of Kitibha Kushtha- A case study. MATERIAL & METHODS For present study, we have reported a 63yr. male patient having symptoms similar to kitibha kushtha. He was suffering from scaly lesion over left hand since 1 months with itching, burning and slight watery discharge. The patient was treated with Shodhan followed by oral medications with nidanparivarjan. Information collected from reference book, case paper. Present study was carried out in Twacharog OPD of Govt. Ayurveda College, Nagpur. CONCLUSION Treatment was given according to predominance of doshas. In this paper, successful management of this case with shodhan and shaman treatment is being highlighted which will be a documented evidence for the future case studies.

10

Authors: Prem Shankar Pandey

The metals and minerals are the treasures of herbomineral formulations of Ayurvedic system of medicine. Abhraka (Mica) is mentioned as the first substance in the classification of Maharasa. It is widely used for treatment of a number of diseases. The present study deals with the mineralogical characterization of mineral Abhraka having medicinal importance in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Abhraka is used in the form of Bhasma for the treatment of Jwara (fever), Grahni (dysentery), Prameha (diabetes), Rakhtapitta (hemorrhage), Kshaya (tuberculosis), Mutrakrichra (urinary infections), Vatavyadi (arthritis), Pittaroga (acidity) and other diseases. However, raw drug standardization plays a vital role for assuring the therapeutic potential of the final drug. Abhraka is distributed throughout in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orrisa and Rajasthan. The sample of Abhraka was collected from local vendor and authenticated by the subject expert and further analysed through physical properties of the mineral. The results showed that Abhraka is mineral of potassium, iron aluminium and silicate with black color, flaky crystals, massive to platy crystal and micaceous fracture. All these physical properties and study of Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) of mineral Abhraka are very well match with the acceptable characteristics of Abhraka (mica) as described in Ayurvedic classic.

10

Authors: Sangita Kamaliya, Chandan Sharma, Udeni Rathnayake, D B Vaghela

Anjanamika is the disease, having small Pidika which is soft (Mridu), moderately painful (Manda Ruja), Copper red (Tamra) in colour and having burning (Daha) and pricking sensations (Toda) due to vitiation of Rakta Dosha Pidika originate in eye lid. Is said to be a Sadhya Vyadhithough it is RaktajaVyadhi.The disease can be managed by Swadana, Bhedana, Nishpidana, Pratisarana and Anjana etc. The clinical features and management of Anjanamika closely resembles the Hordelum externum. Hordelum externum is an acute suppurative inflammation of gland of the zeis. The disease is characterized by acute pain with lid swelling, photophobia and mild watering. The disease is more common in kids, youngsters, adults and in parsons with eye strain because of refractive errors. The management of the disease can be done with topical and oral administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and analgesics

10

Authors: Thejus Antony, Sebastian Philip and Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P

Kapha-Kethu-Rasa is an important Herbo-mineral formulation which is predominantly used for the treatment of kasa, swasa and prathishyaya. Many references are available in classics regarding the preparation of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa. Researchers and practitioners have difficulty using this drug, for a longer duration as it contains Vathsanabha. Different references show quantity variation of vathsanabha, so it is quite essential to know the variation in analytical values of Kapha-Kethu-Rasa prepared with two different methods.

11

Authors: Rajesh Gupta, Suchetta Verma and Prashant Saini

Introduction-Kāsa seems to be a very simple disease, if neglected or not managed properly; it may results in disease with poor prognostic condition. In Āyurveda, kāsa is considered as an independent disease unlike in modern science. It may also occur as a lakśaṇa or an upadrava in other diseases. Cough (Kāsa) usually occurs in association with acute upper respiratory infection, acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis and chronic sinusitis, all of which rank among top 10 reason for visiting family physicians. Materials & Methods- A non-randomized, single-armed, open-labeled clinical trial was conducted in fifteen patients having classical symptoms of Kāsa, administered with 6-10 gms of kaṇṭakāryāvaleha twice daily after meals for 15days.The assessment was based on subjective parameters, i.e., śuṣkavaktraśuṣkoraḥa, śuṣkakaṇṭha, hṛtśūlapārśvaśūla etc. The results were statistically analyzed using the MannWhitney test. Results: Moderate relief was found in 6 ( 4 0 %) patients, complete relief was found in 9 ( 6 0 % ) patients. Conclusion- Kaṇṭakāryāvaleha can be considered as an effective formulation in the management of Kāsa.

11

Authors: Gajendra Kumar Dubey and Kamalesh Kumar Sharma

INTRODUCTION: Obesity (Sthaulya) is defined as a condition of extra fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health may be impaired. In today era, due to sedentary life style, person has got many metabolic disorders for themselves and Sthaulya (Obesity) is one among them. STUDY TYPE: This study was randomized prospective clinical trial. AGE GROUP: Individuals of either sex aged between 18-50 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 25 patients of Sthaulya fulfilling the inclusion and diagnostic criteria were selected from O.P.D., I.P.D. & Yoga Unit of National institute of Ayurveda (NIA) Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. In this study, the investigator’s objective was to evaluate the effect of Paschimottanasana in the management of Sthaulya (Obesity). The efficacy was determined by the compare between the baseline data and after treatment data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pashimottanasana showed maximum percentage relief in Subjective, Objective parameter except Alasya, Atipipasa & Atikshudha. Paschimottanasana showed higher percentage relief in all Anthropometric Profile (Weight, BMI, Waist, Hip, Mid-Thigh Circumference etc.). Paschimottanasana process results in reducing the objective as well as subjective complaints by enhancing the metabolic activities and imparting the massing effect over the various body parts.

11

Authors: Abhijit Shinde, Vijayendra Bhat G and Aniruddha

Objectives of the study: To critically analyse the symptoms of Apasmara/ Epilepsy. To evaluate the effect of Vachadi Ghrita in Apasmara/Epilepsy. Design of the Study- Open labelled clinical study with pre and post test design. Setting- SDM Hospital Kuthpady, Udupi. Study selection- Twenty patients diagnosed as Apasmara/ Epilepsy are selected irrespective of their gender, caste and creed. Intervention- Selected patients were treated with oral administration of Vachadi Ghrita in the dose of 24ml before food once a day early morning and same is continued for 28days with hot water as Anupana. Results: Vachadi Ghrita is effective in the remission of the symptoms of Apasmara/ Epilepsy as evidenced by statistically significant reduction in the symptom score of various subjective parameters. Conclusion-The different causative factors like Aharaja, Viharaja, Manasika Nidana causes morbidity of Tridosha which in turn increases Rajas and Tamas in the mind and produces Apasmara whose symptoms match with Epilepsy in parallel psychiatry. Oral medication by Vachadi Ghrita in a dose 24ml OD with hot water as Anupana was effective in the remission of signs and symptoms of Apasmara/ Epilepsy. Significant results were obtained for the ten mental factors involved in Apasmara/ Epilepsy along with its signs and symptoms. This improvement proved to be statistically significant.

11

Authors: Pritika

Rasa aushadhi are well known for its smaller dose, quick effect, tasteless i.e. without causing any nausea after administered. Rasa aushadi are defined as any formulation prepared from drugs which are explained in classical texts with their grahya-agrahya characters along with their benefits and side effects if not taken properly e.g. Parada, maharasa, uprasa, sadharana rasa, lohadi varga etc. These drugs are said to be used in Bhasma form, so to make it suitable for internal use they are subjected to various procedures like shodhan, Marana etc. When these drugs are subjected to marana process, they are converted into bhasma form and also well known for its quick effectiveness, smaller dose and long shelf life. However, if these Bhasmas are not well prepared and analysed precautionly they can be toxic to human body. Therefore Bhasma Pariksha or its examination can be done on both parameters Ayurvedic and Modern parameters. So in this study prepared Rajata (Silver) Bhasma is analyzed on various parameters i.e. Ayurvedic parameters i.e., Varitaratwa, Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshantwa, Laghutwa, Niruthtava etc. and some modern parameters like pH, Particle size, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

12

Authors: Roktima Rabha and Dipankar Saha

Tamaka shwas is a very common disease in India. The prevalence of the disease is increasing day by day due to genetic susceptibility, pollution, seasonal changes, environmental factor, drugs, smokepollen, house dust, mite etc. Air pollution, over crowding, industrialization, stressfull life, unusual food stuffs and abnormal food style that all exposes the humans to suffer from tamakaswas. It affects the people of both sexes and it may occur at any age. It is a serious health problem in almost all developing country. Tamakaswasa can be correlated with the disease bronchial asthma in modern science on the basis of its clinical features and etiopathogenesis. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. In susceptible individuals these inflammations cause recurrent episode of wheezing breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. These episode are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that are often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. In modern science, bronchial asthma is managed by bronchodilator such as beta agonist, anticholinergics, and xanthenes are used for symtomatic relief but these drugs cause unwanted side effect. So Ayurveda suggests various preventive measures which serves a healthy life and save outcome. Various drugs are discussed in Ayurvedic classics that are important for altering the current lifestyle of human being.

13

Authors: Rohit Shrikant Kashikar and Niranjan Rao

Parkinsonism is typically considered a chronic progressive neuro-degenerative movement disorder. Prevalence of Parkinsonism is noted to be 41 people per 100,000 in the fourth decade of life. Men are 1.5 times more prone to have Parkinsonism than women. In the recent times it was seen that Constipation is an early indicator and a common symptom which might be a possible cause for Parkinsonism. One of the very important concepts quoted in our text is the Concept of avarana, where gati, the unique feature of Vata is obstructed by Kapha dosha, thus leading to the disease. The best modality for such a disease condition explained by our Acharyas is the Basti chikitsa. After registration with C.T.R.I. (CTRI/2018/09/015592), Guduchyadi Niruha Basti was administered to the patients in a yoga basti course, a total of 23 patients diagnosed with Parkinsonism were subjected to the basti treatment & assessment was done using parameters laid by Movement Disorder Society’s Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale. Significant reversal of symptoms was seen in the patients subjected to the study. An overall 85% improvement in the patient considering the parameters of the MDS-UPDRS scale used for assessment was noted. The cardinal symptoms like masked facial expressions, salivation, depression, stupor, gait disturbances, constipation, hallucinations and sleep disturbances, changes in the handwriting, confidence showed highly significant changes both clinically and statistically. Thus from the data harvested through the clinical trial clearly proves that there was definite activity of Guduchyadi Niruha Basti in the effective treatment of Parkinsonism

13

Authors: Meenakshi and B.A. Lohith

Background and Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Basti in Vicharchika to see whether relief will be there or symptoms will aggravate or no change. Vicharchika is explained as one among Ekdasha Kshudra Kushta with predominance of Kapha Dosha. Hence, for the management of Vicharchika, Acharyas have mentioned different Shodhana Karmas. Basti karma is a type of Shodhana, in which vitiated Doshas are expelled through Adhomarga. Basti Karma has got a wide range of indications, including various skin disorders because of its capacity to act over all the three Doshas and lays a very important role to purify the blood. So the line of treatment for the above said condition revolves around Tikta Shodhana Basti. By keeping all these points Panchanimbadi Basti was selected for study. Methods: Out of 30 registered patients, all of them completed the course of treatment. They were administered with 600ml of Panchanimbadi Niruha Basti and Anuvasana Basti with 100ml of Mahatiktaka Ghrita in modified Yoga Basti Schedule. Result: Treatment was found to be statistically significant in attaining positive results with respect to objective parameters (Edema, Erythema, Excoriation, Lichenification, Region score, EASI Score, Sraava, Rukshata). But not statitically significant with subjective parameter (Kandu). But clinically, in subjective parameter also, there was improvement but not like other symptoms. Conclusion: Basti is effective in Kushta if given according to particular symptoms and Dosha involved.

13

Authors: Neha Keshari, Bhagwati Solanki, Atul Joshi, Anup B. Thakar , N.N.Bhatt and Rahul S. Gandhi

Ayurveda has given great importence to the kala (time) for the healthy as well as the diseased. Kala have been divided into two. Nityaga Kaala (chronological time) and Avasthika Kaala (Conditional time). Nityaga again divided into Uttarayana and Dakshinayana. These two Ayanas formed by six Ritus. Avasthika kala tells us about different avasthas of Vyadhi and Aayu. In Charaka Samhita, it is designated that the Shodhana (seasonal purification procedures) should be conceded out in Sadharana Ritus i.e., Praavrit, Sharada and Vasanta. In Ayurvedic classics precise nutritive and negotiating decorum has been suggested for every season to thwart diseases developing due to seasonal changes. It is called as ‘Ritucharyaa’ in Ayurveda. It is imperative to comprehend the seasons geographically for practical claim of Ritucharyaa.

14

Authors: Tarannum Khanam, Nazish Siddiqui and Mohd. Yasir

Medicinal plants play significant role in the evaluation of great therapeutic agents. It is estimated that about 80% of people in emergent nations still depend on traditional medicines based on plants and animals. Herbal medicines have a lot of demand nowadays and their demand is increasing day by day. In traditional medicine Unani system of medicine is an oldest system of medicine, where Gulnar (Flowers of Punica granatum Linn.) is well known herbal drug, and it is use as medicine since centuries in Unani medicine and be a member of family Punicacae/ Lytheraceae. The plant of Punica granatum Linn is large deciduous shrub or small tree, cultivated throughout India and it is the flower of wild variety that does not have fruits (abortive variety). Pomegranate is one of the oldest known drugs. It is mentioned in the Ebers papyrus of Egypt written in about 1500 BC. As stated in Quran, pomegranates raise in the garden of paradise. Its flowers are bell shaped and reddish pink in colour. In classical Unani literature, Gulnar have been found to possess qabiz (astringent), mudammil (cicatrizant), dafe kharoje maqad (anti rectal prolapse), dafe nafsuddam (anti haemoptysis), habis (styptic) properties etc. Many works have been done on the phytochemistry and biological activity of this drug in the last few ten years. This review gives a keen view on its Unani literature, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Gulnar Farsi.

15

Authors: Ankit Gupta, Sudhakar Bhatt, Sudheendra V Honwad, Shrinidhi R Ballal

Today Arsenic is commonest source of heavy metal toxicity. Especially in India, the most common source of accidental arsenic poisoning is seen by consumption of well water. Also, in medicinal fields, improper shodhana, over dosage & prolong use of formulations which contain Haratala (Arsenic trisulfide) may produce symptoms like burning sensation, fainting, cardiac pain, convulsions and even death. So it is very essential to develop an effective antidote in arsenic related hazards. Materials and methods: The experimental study was conducted on Wister Albino rats and the trial group was administered with Haratala + Kushamanda (Benincasa hispida) Swarasa, Jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum) and Sharkara in TED for 28 days. The rats were then assessed for hematological, histopathological and ponderal changes and body weight, food Water ratio, food intake etc. All the values were expressed as MEAN±SEM (Standard error of Mean). The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple ‘t’ test. A level of P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The study showed mild to moderate effect on all Ponderal, hematological, biochemical histopathological changes and body weight in Arsenic trisulfide (Haratala) induced toxicity on polycythemia condition. Conclusion: Aqueous of Benincasa hispida (Kushamanda Swarasa) along with Jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum) and Sharkara has got protective mechanism in the Arsenic trisulfide (Haratala) induced toxicity on polycythemia condition

15

Authors: Lalita Sharma, Alok Srivastava, Parul Sharma, Priya Kutiyal, Bhuvnesh Sharma and K.K. Sharma

The Duchene muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder. It affects every 1: 3600 live male births due to mutation in dystrophin gene. DMD is characterized by progressive symmetrical muscular weakness that affects proximal muscles more than distal. Patient lose the ability to stand, walk and loss of ambulation before 10 years, with progression of the disease most patients succumb to death in their early 20s.In Ayurveda, it has been classified under Adibalapravrittavyadhi. Here pathogenesis occur due to the Beejabhagavayava dushti which lead to Medomamsa dushti further vitiates the Vata.So Vata as the prime dosha to cause neurological disorders, vitiates rasa, rakta, mamsa, jala, agni & oja and leads to gradual progression of muscle wasting.In Ayurvedic Rasayana group medicines and specified Panchakarma therapies are more effective and helpful on Dhatu Kshaya, which enhance quality of the life and longer survival upon Duchene muscular dystrophy.

16

Authors: Seetha Lakshmi R K , Rajalakshmi and Padmakiran

Nasya karma is considered as a prime line of treatment in urdhwajatrugatavikaras. It strengthens and nourishes the parts of jathrurdhwapradesha along with having a curative effect. Vishwachi is one urdhwajatrugathavikara which affects the bahu and may also functional disability. Due to clinical similarities, it can be best best understood in modern parlance with cervical spondylosis with cervical spondylosis. With change in lifestyle, increased desk work and improper nutrition, incidence of cervical spondylosis is increasing.Vishwachi which is shulapradhanavatavyadhi, can be best treated with snehana type of nasya karma. Hence, two yamakasnehasi.eDashamooladi yamaka1 and Baladhya yamaka2was chosen for nasya karma. It is an open comparative clinical study with pre-test and post-test design. A minimum of 30 patients were of either gender diagnosed as vishwachi/cervical spondylosis were selected and subjected to nasya karma for 7 days and had follow up after 7 days making the total duration of the study to 14 days. The statistical analysis of data revealed that, there was highly significant improvement in parameters like toda, neck pain, radiation of neck pain, paraesthesia, grip in hand and Tenderness with p value < or = 0.001. Significant results were observed in, movement of neck, ruk, bahukriyahani with p value > 0.001 and <0.05. The overall effect of the therapy showed that, both the trial drugs were beneficial in the treatment of vishwachi. Amongst them, Baladhyayamaka sneha was found to be more efficacious in the treatment of vishwachi.

6

Authors: Vignesh Devraj, Ravindra Angadi and Rekha.J

Pharmaceutical industry is on continuous experimentations to improve the dosage forms. These experiments will definitely bring out dosage forms in a way so that patient feels comfortable to consume. One among the recent trend in pharmaceutics is the conversion of Kashaya into Kashaya tablet. Tablets have certain advantages over other dosage forms. The present article deals with the preparation of Rasna Sapthaka Kashaya tablet preparation and its dose fixation.

6

Authors: Hiremath Sangamesh and Hiremath Kanchana

Abscess is an acquired condition seen all over the body. The clinical features of abscess are swelling, pain, redness, tenderness, and local temperature. The abscess which is developed in perianal regions is called perianal abscess. In this condition the common mistake done by medicos is that without conducting local examination only on complaints of the patients just symptomatic treatment with anti inflammatory, antibiotics were given, and because of not draining the pus the abscess developed in to hard mass and cavity is filled with sterile pus and remains for long time creating discomfort to patients in their routine life. However, perianal abscess always ends up into forming a fistula in ano. Here in this case the Ayurvedic management of pratisaraniyakshara was applied post I and D keeping in the mind to avoid the reoccurrence and fistula in Ano formation.

6

Authors: Meghana P Karanth and Mallika KJ

Hypertension defined as a systolic Blood pressure >_ 140mmhg and or a diastolic pressure >90mm Hg is one of the most common chronic diseases. Hypertension whose etiology cannot be determined is termed as Essential Hypertension. In the present era people are turning towards Ayurveda for management of lifestyle diseases with the fear of adherence to conventional treatment. This is a case study of Essential Hypertension considering it as Raktashritavyadhi treated on the concept of Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya of Charakasamhitha with Deepana, Upavasa, Virechana and Raktamokshana as the line of Treatment:

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Authors: Chaithra G T and Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P

Kwatha Kalpana is one of the basic Kalpanas explained in Ayurveda. Although they have less shelf life they are useful in treating many disorders. Brihatyadi Kwatha is one such formulation explained in the context of Mutrakrichra. It comprises of five drugs- Brihati, Kantakari, Prishniparni, Shaalaparni, Gokshura. Here Kwatha was prepared using general method of preparation according to the reference of Sharangadhara Samhita and then was subjected for quality control parameters.The present study revealed the analytical parameters like total solids, refractive index, specific gravity, viscosity and the pH of the Kashaya. The peaks observed in HPTLC serve as its fingerprint. This helps in standardising the formulation for maintaining its quality and efficacy.

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Authors: Jitendra Kaur, Mahesh Vyas, Pankaj Pathak and Meera K. Bhojani

Kaala or time is an important factor which affects every aspect of life. Time is useful not only to maintain daily activities but also important for clinical purpose. Time factor is being used in medical science since long and various events such as gestational period, bleeding time, clotting time etc. are related with. It also plays an important role to manage emergencies and surgeries. In Ayurveda, Kaala has been given due consideration to maintain the health as well as for treatment purpose for example-Aahara Kaala, Bheshaja Kaala, Aushadha Samgraha Kaala and also for Ayurvedic therapies like Panchkarma, Shashtrakarma etc. Before all this, time is the cause of origin of life and destruction of every living and nonliving being. In Astrology, Janmakaala is considered in context of various life events but Ayurveda is a science of life and Janmakaala here is given in terms of its impact on health of an individual.

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Authors: Manisha G. Dunghav and Sarita Ohol

In today’s hectic schedule, people are suffering from stressful life and to achieve their goal they ignore their health by taking improper diet. Incidence rate of Diabetes Mellitus is increased. Recently diagnosed as Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 case, was put on restricted diet for continuous six months. Subject was advised to skip the breakfast in morning. Two medium sized Bajara bhakri (Pennisetum glaucum) with cooked vegetables in afternoon and evening was given without any anti-diabetic drug. After following advised diet for six months, weight of the subject was reduced up to 15kg. BMI and Waist Hip ratio was decreased. Symptoms like Dysponea on exertion, fatigue, perspiration, frequency of urine, quantity of urine, decreased from moderate to mild and severe to mild. Investigation report shows significant changes in Fasting and Postprandial sugar in Blood and Urine. It was concluded that consumption of proper diet act as medicine. Diseases occur as result of improper diet. It wa

7

Authors: Priyanka Kale, D.G. Dipankar, Niral Virani and Mahadevi Ramgade

In fast life style of competitive world people are leading irregular eating habits and changes in lifestyle. Eating fast food has become fashion which has increased risk of Bahupittakamla. Kamla can be compared with Jaundice. Jaundice is a condition in which yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera, mucous membranes, and excretions occur due to Hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. In Ayurved Samhita description of Kamala is given in detail along with its Causes, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Complications and Management. The description of Hepatocellular jaundice is similar to Ayurvedic description of Bahupitta Kamala. Here a case report of a 39 Years male patient who was having Bahupitta Kamala (Jaundice) that was treated with Ayurvedic herbs which has given effective result.

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Authors: Shashi Kant Tiwari

The Metabolic Syndrome consists of a group of metabolic abnormalities that leads to increased risk of CVD and Diabetes Mellitus. Other names of metabolic syndrome are Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance syndrome. The criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome have taken from the original definition by the World Health Organization in 1998. According to this criteria the major features are Centralobesity, Hypertriglyceridemia, Decreased High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Hyperglycaemia and Hypertension. In recent years, because of its complicated etiopathogenesis, the metabolic syndrome is gaining too much importance by the healthcare workers, physicians and researchers worldwide. The central obesity seems to be a key factor to develop metabolic syndrome. It is an important and major health hazard in the developed nations and gradually acquiring its place in developing world too. So it is the need of time to understand the disease processes on the basic principles of Ayurveda too so that the holistic approach can be taken for the managements of the disease for the benefit of mankind.

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Authors: Arati P Dubewar, Dashetwar A R and Ashwin Shete

Ayurvedic students need to learn classical procedures. To elaborate those procedures in drug preparation, demonstration and practicals are needed. Whereas in theory lecture , if videos of these practicals used, it can be of great importance. Kupipakwarasayana is time consuming and costly practicals, and used in present era. For this task, video film is used as learning tool to teach Kupipakwa Rasayana in Rasashastra & BhaishjyaKalpana to undergraduate Ayurvedic Students. Study between practical skill by current learning method and this video study method is discussed in this article. Two different groups of students are compared with these two learning tools. Appropriate statistical study and results discussed.

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Authors: PriyaKutiyal, Sanjay Gupta, K.K Sharma, Parul Sharma and Lalita Sharma

Shvitra is relatively common dermatological finding and that has been observed since ancient times. It is miserable disease of the skin which not only brings physical impairment to the body but causes mental impairment too. Shvitra (Vitiligo) is a very common, social as well as dermatological problem not only in India but also all over the world with an increasing trend. In Ayurveda Shvitra is supposed to the result of mithaya aahara vihara, Purva janamkrita paap karam. It is tvakgata raktaja vikar described among the varieties of Kushtha. Shvitra can be correlated with Vitiligo. In modern treatments such as topical steroids and light therapy are used.Other treatment options may include exposure to UVA or UVB light and depigmentation of the skin in severe cases. In AyurvedaShvitra is pitta and rakta pradoshajavikar. Virechana is line of treatment of rakta and pitta dosha. So it is best treatment of Vitiligo.

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Authors: Anurag Singh Gautam and Ashutosh Kumar Pathak

Seasonal variations in cardiovascular diseases shows a ratio of winter peak and summer bottom, as reported since decades, different latitudes, ethnic groups and age strata. Mortality increases in frost months is mostly related to cardiovascular measures including heart attack, unexpected fatality, stroke and pulmonary dysfunction “Blood pressure" usually refers to the large arterial force of the systemic circulation. The blood pressure in the transmission is mainly due to the pumping action of the heart. Abhishek Goyala, et al. shows that there are considerable differences in blood pressure (SBP/DBP) with seasonal change. In comparison to summer, blood pressure significantly increases during winter. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in tropical climate has essential implications for epidemiological studies. Seasonal variation should have direct or indirect effect on prevalence of hypertension. The occurrence of hypertension has partly been explained in some studies and it has been more marked in subgroups those who are living in countryside areas, old people and inhabitants who are obese.

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Authors: Das Bhanita and Kalita Hemen

Lymphadenopathy is a disease of the lymph node in which they are abnormal in size, number or consistency. Description of lymphadenopathy or the use of similar term meaning lymphadenopathy or like diseases could not be found in Ayurvedic classics. But in context of many diseases like Arbuda, Granthi, Apachi, Gandamala etc. the same may be correlated. So, identification of lymphadenopathy like disorders in Ayurveda with respect to Cytomorphology is essential. For the study, a certain case of lymphadenopathy was studied at Government Ayurvedic College, Guwahati-14. In the study the subjective parameters as per Ayurveda were collected in a specially designed proforma and the same was evaluated for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Study. The cytology study shows possibilities of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma which was later diagnosed by virtue of some clinical parameters mentioned in Ayurveda. Detailed description of the same will be presented in the paper.

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Authors: Tulsi. R. Sahu and E E Mojes

BACKGROUND:-Ayurveda which is a science of life has many holistic approaches towards distressor unhappiness and among these aging is one of them. According to Ayurvedic concept; learning or developing of any knowledge is considered as a part of result of successive as well as complex interaction and co-ordination of Mana, Atma, Indriya, and Indriyartha. Alzheimer disease occurs because of brain damage in brain functions. It is one of the most common form of Dementia. It results because of the imbalance of vatadosha. As our age increases several changes takes place in the body. This can be prevented by Ayurvedic drugs, Satvavajaychikitsa (Sadvritta and Achar Rasayana), Rasayan, Panchakarma procedures. Materials and Methods:-This is a conceptual study for which various Ayurvedic books like Brihatrayi, Laghutrayi also various modern books related to the topic and various articles and papers as well as information collect from internet is used. Discussion:- Alzheimer disorder is considered as one of the Svabhavbalpravrutta and Yapya diseases. When the condition of an individual declines, they often get withdrawn from family as well as from the society. This leads to decline in body functions which ultimately leads todeath. Hence prevention is necessary. The functioning of all these factors is mostly governed by Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and Trigunas (Sattva, Raja, Tama). The drugs enhances memory and cognitive power. The management of Alzheimer disease makes the Tridosha’s and Triguna’sin a well- balanced state and also it helps in proving medhya effect to improve the memory of the patient.

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Authors: Nilima Dharkar, Amol Waghmare,Jayashri Changade and Smritika Taware

Use of various metals and minerals and transformation of these inorganic substances into effective organic medicine in Ayurvedic system of the medicine is termed as Kupipakwa Rasayan. It is very laborious to prepare and require long duration for preparation. It is mercurial preparation with rapid action and synergistic effects in the body at very low dose. Manikya rasa is useful in Rajayakshma and Kushtha. Detailed knowledge regarding etymology, history, manufacturing process, instruments, standard temperature gradation with analytical study is discussed in the present study. This study definitely gives an idea about standard preparation of effective Manikya rasa to avoid discrepancies during manufacturing.

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Authors: Rijju P K and Shrilatha Kamath T

Objective: In literatures available, reference reveal that long standing sharirika vyadhi can cause manasika vyadhi or manasika can lead to sharirika vyadhi. Both tamaka shwasa and manovikara can be manifested as primary independent disease or as a secondary disease to each other. Hence objective was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Kataphaladi Kwatha in bronchial asthma and to evaluate the effect of Kataphaladi Kwatha in Manovikara of Bronchial Asthma. Method: Interventional non-randomized open labelled single group study with pretest and post-test design. Twenty patients diagnosed with tamaka shwasa having manovikara satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from OPD/IPD of SDM Ayurveda Hospital, Udupi. The selected patients were administered with 50ml of katpahaldi kwatha twice a day for 14 days. Statistical analysis was done using students paired‘t’ test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Result: All subjective and objective parameters showed marked reduction after the intervention. Except for heart rate, labored breath, shoka, haemoglobin and random blood sugar others all showed statistically significant value after the treatment. Conclusion: Katphaladi kwatha is effective in parameter of manovikara and tamaka shwasa.

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Authors: Sreeja Raj, Vineeth P K, M.Sailaja and Ramesh N.V

Sneha kalpana is one of the main formulations which come under secondary kalpana in which sneha dravyas are used as the base ingredient. Ghrita kalpana comes under sneha kalpana; it is a formulation in which certain drugs are processed with ghrita and the active component of the ingredients are incorporated in ghrita. Indukanta ghrita is a polyherbal formulation mentioned in Sahasrayoga which is coming under sneha kalpana. The ingredients present are Puthika, Devadaru, Vilwa, Kashmari, Agnimantha, Patala, Syonaka, Brihathi, Kanthakari, Gokshura, Saliparni, Prishniparni, Pippali, Pippalimoola, Chavya, Chitraka, Nagara, Saindhavalavana, Ksheera and Ghrita as the ingredients. In this study Indukanta ghrita was prepared as per classical reference and physicochemical analysis was done. The analytical parameters that were done include organoleptic characters, loss on drying, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, specific gravity, refractive index, iodine value, and viscosity. The results obtained were Loss on Drying- 0.53%, Acid value- 2.52 mg/g, Peroxide value- Nil, Refractive index- 1.4552, Iodine value- 34.7, Viscosity-1043cp, Saponificationvalue205.8mg/g, Specific gravity- 0.916. From the present study it can be concluded that all the values of the analytical parameters were falling under the range of ghrita kalpana.

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Authors: Ramgade M B, Yeola G H, Shekhar A D and Nishane K P

Ayurvedic medicines are often considered effective for chronic and lifestyle disorders. Morphea also known as localised scleroderma is a rare, fibrosing skin disorder caused by the dysregulation of collagen production. Scleroderma comes in two main forms – systemic and localised. It is a disease of unknown origin that affects the microvasculature and loose connective tissue disease. In Ayurveda, this can be considered under the heading Uttanavatarakta. A Conventional therapy used in this condition is unsatisfactory and is not free from side effects. A case of long-standing systemic steroid-dependentis presented here which was intervened successfully with Ayurvedic modalities.

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Authors: Vignesh Devraj, Ravindra Angadi and Rekha.J

Kashaya preparations are the most prescribed Kalpana among the panchavidha kashaya Kalpana. In ancient days the Kashaya’s were prepared only as per need and it was either prepared by physician or by the patient himself. The necessity for longer shelf life was not required. As the commercialization and free enterprise began, itled to large scale manufacturing and kashaya are now prepared in bulk and to prolong its shelf life, preservatives are added to it, as it is highly prone to contamination once exposed to moisture. If the kashaya is prepared in tablet form more benefits are there compared to the bottled kashaya with preservatives .Hence present study entitled a pharmaceutical comparison of Rasnasaptaka kashaya and Rasnasaptaka tablet was conducted.

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Authors: Mangala Jadhav, Ruchi Sharma and Abhishek Gupta

Rasashastra evum Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch that deals with Ayurvedic formulation comprising of plant, animal and mineral origin. All ayurvedic literature contains ample of pharmaceutical formulations and those ayurvedic literatures has mentioned the different method of preparation of same formulation. Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar was a compilation of all those methods of the preparation of that formulation from 36 different ayurvedic literatures and are arranged in the chronological order of the Hindi alphabhets. Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar holds an important place amongst academicians, clinicians, researchers and students of Rasashatra and Bhaishajya Kalpana. Present paper will highlight the frame work of Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar providing information about the author’s text, peculiarities and its contribution to the field of Ayurveda.

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Authors: Samata Tomar, Grishma Solanki and Pankaj Rathore

Agadatantra is one of the eight branches of Ashtang Ayurveda that deals with the treatment of animate and inanimate poisons and toxic foods. Poison is a substance that destroys life and impairs the body functions. To counteract consequences of Visha specific drugs and formulations are described in the texts which are known as Agada or Prativisha. Antivenoms and chelating agents and are used in modern medicine to nullify the effect of Visha (Poison), but it has own limitation. Anupana Manjiri, published by Gujarat Ayurveda University press, is an important Ayurvedic textbook for physicians of Ayurveda. This text clearly mentions about different types of Visha (Poison), and its Prativisha (antidotes) in Visha Chikitsa (treatment of poison). This paper highlights different types of Sthavara Visha (poisons of plant origin) and its antidotes mentioned in Anupana Manjiri. References about poisons are not collectively present in one chapter but they are scattered in the book. So it is an effort to put them in organized manner for the sake of students and researchers of Agadatantra.

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Authors: Abhinash G L, Prashanth K and Sahana Kamath

Frozen shoulder medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis is a painful shoulder condition of unknown etiology with restricted movement of the shoulder. Agni karma is an Anushastrakarma explained by Sushruta Acharya for various clinical conditions. One of the indications for Agni karma is atyugraruja (excruciating pain) caused by Vata&/Kapha. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Agni karma in the management of Frozen Shoulder with an Open label clinical interventional study with pre-test and post-test design. Twenty subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria were randomly selected from the OPD and IPD of S.D.M College of Ayurveda Udupi in whom classical Agni karma procedure were carried out. The statsistical analysis was done using Paired ‘t’ test and Wilcoxon sign rank test. The study showed significant reduction of pain, improvement in the range of movement and stiffness hence can be recommended as a therapeutic procedure for frozen shoulder

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Authors: Mathews John, K R Ramachandra and Sahana Kamath

Due to changes in life style, the humanity suffers from various diseases related to musculoskeletal system. In Ayurvedic classics Gridrasi has been described as Vatavyadhi. Gridrasi can be correlated to Sciatica based on Symptoms. The incidenc varies from 30% to 40% and annual incidence is 5% in the world. Even though many therapeutic modalities are available none of them are promising. In Ayurveda one of the treatment modality for Gridrasi is Siravyadha. Hence an open label randomized clinical trial were carried out. Based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria 20 patients were selected and conventional Siravyadha Technique were followed. The most important results observed in the study was pain relief and improvement in range of movement.

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Authors: Deepika Sethi, Sujata Rajan and Ankur Kumar Tanwar

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the term designated for a group of risk factors that raises risk for cardiac disease and other health problems, such as diabetes and stroke. The five conditions described are metabolic risk factors- abdominal obesity, High Triglycerides, High LDL, low HDL, High Blood Pressure and High fasting blood sugar; existence of any three metabolic risk factors frames a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The risk of getting metabolic syndrome is in conjunction to being overweight and obese and lifestyle devoid of physical activity. It is achievable to forestall or delay metabolic syndrome, mainly with lifestyle modifications. In Ayurveda, MS can be reflected as medadhatudushtijanyavikara or medoroga. As, above mentioned conditions of MS are mainly caused by the vitiated medadhatu. Hence, this study aims to emphasise the role of medadhatu in development and management of MS.

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Authors: Sarmah Jyoti Manab, Sharma K.K. and Sharma Parul

Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine originated in Indian sub-continent around 5000 years back. It is a holistic approach to life as well as the disorders. Panchakarma is a branch of Ayurveda which mainly comprises of five bio-purificatory processes.Sports medicine, a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness of the athletes and prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of injury related to sports and exercise. There are scattered information of sports injuries and their prevention as well as management in different Ayurvedic Shamhitas. Purvakarma, pradhankarma and pachyad karma procedures of panchakarma can be utilised in the management of sports injury. Abhyanga, Tarpan, Nadiswedan, Upanaha, Basti etc. procedures can be used depending upon the various types and stages of sports injuries.These therapies affects by local and systemic action. There is every potential of panchakarma to contribute to the field of ayurvedic sports medicine.

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Authors: SumanPurohit, EktaNaithani, Shweta Shukla andKhemchand Sharma

Vicharchika, one of the Kshudrakustha closely resembles with eczema due to similarities in sign and symptoms.Modern dermatologists use topical therapy such as topical corticosteroid, systemic steroids, and antihistaminics etc. to give symptomatic relief. Use of steroid suppresses the symptoms of eczema temporarily but leads to severe long-term toxicity. In Ayurvedic texts, various medicaments are described as a successful and safer remedy for Vicharchika.Acharya Sharangdhar had depicted one such formulation “Ark Taila”for treating Vicharchika. Here, a study has been done for the method of preparation of ArkTaila and standardize it through analytical parameters such as iodine value, acid value saponification value etc.

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Authors: Subhosree Dutta and Bishnu Prasad Sharma

Amavata is one of the dreaded disease in the present era .It affects day to day life activity of the patient badly. Now a days, it becomes a challenge to physician to manage its chronicity, incurability, complication& morbidity. Considering the clinical features the disease Amavata can be correlated with rheumatoid arthritis as mentioned in contemporary medical science. Innumerable researches have been done to solve the clinical condition but an effective, safe, less complicated and cost effective treatment is still required. In this study, 80 numbers of patients of amavata were randomly registered from OPD and IPD, Dept.of kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam. In this trial group, Erandataila 5ml along with Haritakichurna 3gm was given at bed time for 2months.Same patients were given Vaitaran Basti according to the schedule of Yoga Basti for 8 days (along with Tila taila Anuvasanbasti). On statistical analysis of the result, it was found that there was remarkable relief in the clinical features i.e pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, ESR along with health assessment questionnaire (HAQ).

10

Authors: Tanvi Dodiya

Gynandropsis gynandraLinn is an erect, hairy herbaceous annual herb belonging to Capparaceae family. It is used for its dietary and antioxidant characteristics in different traditional systems. In India alone, it is used in for many illnesses such as epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome, in protozoa and worm infections.The study determines different pharmacognostical and phytochemical standards that are helpful in ensuring the purity, safety and effectiveness of Gynandropsis gynandraLinn. Whole leaves, powdered leaves and extracts were studied macro and microscopically and standardization parameters have beenestablished in accordance with WHO guidelines. Parameters include extractive values, ash values and loss on drying. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts was also performed. For intact drug and powdered drug material of G. Gynandra, the shape, size, color, odor and surface features were noted. Microscope picture of cross section of the leaf and powdered microscopy showedimportant diagnostic characteristics. Phytochemical and physicochemical study established useful tools to distinguish the powdered drug material. β-carotene was quantified by HPTLC. The information formed from thisresearch will assist to validate the medicinal importance ofG. gynandra. Qualitative and quantitative microscopic characteristics may be useful for setting the norms as per pharmacopeia. Morphology as well as different pharmacognostic features of distinct components of the plant were studied and explained along with phytochemical and physicochemical parameters that could be useful in further isolation and purification of medicinally significant compounds.

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Authors: Khyati B. Rohit, Gunvant H. Yeola, Kalyani P. Nishane and Niral N. Virani

Hyperlipidaemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular diseases. Global views emphasize the need for early, effective interventions against the atherogenic. Hyperlipidaemia is associated with Diabetic and Non diabetic cases and with metabolic syndrome to reduce the risk of premature cardiovascular diseases. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major lifestyle disorders. Hyperlipidemia is one of the greatest risk factor contributing to prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases like Coronary Heart Disease. Hyperlipidemia is emerging as major health problem in modern era. It can be included in Santarpanjanya Vyadhi. It is also a Dhatupradoshaja Vikara in which Medodhatu is becoming dominant. The lipids which are elevated can be correlated to Sneha, Medo Dhatu, Sama Rasa due to similarity in their properties. In Ayurveda, it can be better correlated with Medodushti which is just a precursor stage of Medoroga and can be easily reversible by effective Ayurveda regimen. There is a major role of Agni and Ama in pathogenesis of hyperlipidaemia, and the drugs having Dipana, Pachana, Ama Nasahak, Kaphamedohara, Srotoshodhak, Rasayan quality will be highly effective for the management of hyperlipidaemia.

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Authors: Sahana and Bargale Sushant Sukumar

Nutritional Deficiency Anaemia is a worldwide problem with highest prevalence in developing country. It is not just a disease entity rather a syndrome caused by malnutrition in its widest sense. Food is very important for physical and mental wellbeing. For healthy functioning of the body we require essential nutrients and this can only obtained through the diet. Kharjura which is one of the nutritious fruit rich in minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Iron and also contains Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and Vitamin C. Kharjura is having Brumhana, Balya properties and used both as food and therapeutic supplement. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Kharjura Modaka in Nutritional Deficiency Anaemia. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study conducted was open label clinical trial with a convenient sampling technique carried out on 31 subjects of Nutritional Deficiency Anaemia fulfilling the diagnostic criteria and inclusion criteria. Kharjura Modaka 30gms twice daily with ushna jala anupana administered for 30 days duration. Effect of therapy was assessed on subjective and objective parameters. RESULTS Kharjura Modaka is found effective in treating Nutritional deficiency anaemia as a food supplement. CONCLUSION Kharjura Modaka showed significant improvement in increasing haemoglobin content of blood after treatment, hence it is established as a haematinic.

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Authors: DhanyaVasudevan, Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P and Ravindra Angadi

Mustakaranjadikwatha is one of the prominent formulations mentioned in Sahasrayoga which is indicated for atisara. Kwathakalpana is having limited shelf life whereas Arishtakalpana known for its prolonged shelf life and palatability. Considering these factors, present study has been planned to prepare a new dosage form, Mustakaranjadiarishta from Mustakaranjadikwatha and to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and of the two dosage forms. The present study was carried out in two steps namely, pharmaceutical and analytical study. In the pharmaceutical study, the preparation of Mustakaranjadikwatha and Mustakaranjadiarishta was carried out according to the reference of SharangadharaSamhita. In the analytical study, both the samples were subjected to various analytical parameters to test their quality and they were analysed. The pharmaceutical study revealed that there is no pharmaceutical constraint in obtaining the raw materials for preparing both Mustakaranjadikwatha and arishta. Analytical evaluation including HPTLC could analyze preliminary standards of both Mustakaranjadikwatha and arishta

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Authors: Navya K, Arhanth Kumar A and Shrikanth P H

Introduction: Rasāyanais a distinct therapy mentioned in Āyurveda to decelerate ageing and prevent associated diseases. Kuṭī Prāveśikā Rasāyana requires strict regimens under complete isolation. This Rasāyana is analogous to hibernation which helps certain animals survive in adverse conditions and increases their life expectancy. Objective: Conceptual exploratory analysis of the similarities between hibernation and the measures followed in Kuṭī Prāveśikā Rasāyana (KPR) with reference to physiological changes. Methodology: Detailed review and theoretical analysis on Hibernation and KPR was done on the basis of the parallelism identified in the external environment, influencing the internal physiological changes using classical āyurveda compendiums, modern physiology books, internet sources and journals. Observation & Result: Similarity in terms of preferred season, state of vital organs, reduced metabolic rate and state of mind is seen. These physiological changes help in reducing the oxidative stress thereby reducing the rate of senescence. By understanding the changes happening in hibernation, the effects of KPR can be inferred. Conclusion: KPR exhibits close resemblance with hibernation. Reduced systemic functions, provide the body a chance to scavenge the buildup of free radicals and revitalize the body tissues. Thus, KPR is one step ahead of hibernation as it is complemented with Śodhanaand Rasāyana intake.

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Authors: Devesh Yadav, Prasanta K. Nayak, Manmath K. Nandi and Ashwini K. Kushwaha

Avaleha is one of the ayurvedic polyherbal formulation mentioned in ayurvedic text. It is predominately used for internal administration for the management of Hikka (Hiccup), Kasa (Cough), Swasha (Dyspnoea), Sula (Colicky Pain). In this study, kantakari avaleha was prepared by a method described previously in Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, part-1. The prepared sample was standardized by employing various parameters such as organoleptic, physicochemical, qualitative, and quantitative analysis. The major secondary metabolite like total phenolic content (11.23 mg/gm of avaleha with respect to gallic acid equivalent) was quantitatively estimated, which indicates the therapeutic value of avaleha. Further, antiinflammatory activity of kantakari avaleha was evaluated using formalin-induced paw edema method. The results showed a significant reduction in paw edema at 1.25 g/kg per oral dose similar to indomethacin 10 mg/kg, p.o.

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Authors: Neelesh Patil and Ashwini Patil

WHO classifies skin and cutaneous diseases under ICD-10 chapter XII L00-L99. This classification underscores one of the fundamental principles of kushtha mentioned in Ayurveda i.e. innumerability. Under these conditions, comprehensive knowledge of the pathological process (samprapti) is important to achieve success in treatment. This in turn requires comprehensive knowledge of various factors contributing to samprapti i.e pathogenesis. Irrespective of innumerability of kushtha, certain factors remains constant called as Saptadosha dooshya samgraha including – tri-doshas, twak, rakta, maamsa and lasika. This article aims at understanding the subtle nature of these seven factors along with their inter-relations, interactions and their respective role in causing skin diseases.

11

Authors: Pradeep Kumar Pal and H. H. Awasthi

Ayurveda is the oldest medical science that covenant with physical and psychological health of the human being. According to classical literature of Ayurveda the vital energy termed as Prana, is also recognized as subtle life force energy for the existence of humanity. Prana is entity of the body, but still it is being embedded in specific location of various structural compositions of body. Such a gathering of five fundamental human structures that are Muscle, Vessel, Ligament, Bone, & Joints form very sensitive and highly vulnerable points where this vital force energy is residing. These specific locations are described as concept of Marma. 107Marma, points are described by most of the Acharyas and on the basis of Marma Vastu (involved structurs), are classified into five classes also On the basis of Parinam (effect of injury), and on the basis of Shadang Sharir (location on the body) divided various types. Any severe injury over these areas becomes cause of death. At the mid of Arm lie UrviMarma on the structural basis is type of Sira (vascular structure) Marma with oneAngulaPramana and Vaikalyakara in nature. Marma Chikitsa through various procedures is helpful to treat many health related problems Some techniques that are adopted in MarmaChikitsa(i.e. Massage with and without herbal products, application of bearable pressure over Marma points, and application of Siravedha (Venupuncture) near the site of Marma points escaping the Avedhya Siras) are done to treat various diseases which originated through adaptation of faulty life style and psychological imbalance

11

Authors: Kavita Saini and Usha Sharma

In Ayurveda there are number of effective basic formulations (Panchvidha Kashaya Kalpana) for treating various diseases but among them Kwath Kalpana is the most common and widely used dosage form in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. It is also basis of preparative method of other secondary dosage form such as Avaleha (linctus), Sneha kalpana (medicated oil and ghrita), Sandhana kalpana (Alcoholic preparation). However, due to inconvenience of preparation and time taken, Kwath preparation is losing its utility and less shelf life & unpalatability pose as major challenge. In the present scenario due to globalization there is a need of its different dosages form which is effective without compromising the therapeutic efficacy of drug. Modified & improved dosages form of kwath kalpana are Granules, Rasakriya, Ghana, Powder/ Tablets, Syrup, Pravahi Kwath etc. Hence this paper discusses proper approach and need to review Probable pharmaceutical modifications of Kwath at present scenario with their Merits and Demerits to optimize the major challenges faced by physician and patient.

11

Authors: Grishma Solanki, Samata Tomar, Neha Pandya andL.P. Dei

Now a day’s infertility is coming out as burning problem of reproductive age couple due to improper food habit and career oriented life style. Due to hectic and stressful lifestyle fertility potential of couples is decreasing. About 10% of the population is affected by infertility worldwide, out of them 40% is directly caused by female partner. These days, advance management of infertility is available but it’s not affordable by all and it may be associated with health hazard. Uttarbastiis very much effective& pin point treatment for infertility (Vandhyatva). Vandhytva is Vata predominant diseaseand Uttarbasti is highly beneficial for it.

12

Authors: Aditi and S.Y.Raut

Mutraghatais one of the complicated and less understood term in Ayurvedic classics. Previously, various authors have related a certain types of Mutraghata with Neurogenic bladder. Considering that, this research work focuses on, “how and up to what extent, clinical conditions under Mutraghata are related to neurogenic bladder”. For that, we have collected data mainly from Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya and their commentaries by Dalhana, Chakrapani and Arundatta, respectively. As per modern texts, neurophysiology of micturition and types of neurogenic bladder according to site of lesion has explained first. Then, according to the clinical features mentioned in our classical texts, correlation of clinical entities under Mutraghata with neurogenic bladder has been established.This research work concludes that clinical features of Vatakundalika, Vatabasti, Mutrajathara and Bastikundala are alike to that of neurogenic bladder.

12

Authors: Dipali S. Jadhav, Avinash T. Vipra and Sanjay S. Jadhav

Joint is a common anatomical entity encountered in a day to day practice. But this dates back to several thousand years during the period of AcharyaSushruta. It highlights that knowledge of joints were known to ancient people. During ancient days they used to term Sandhi for joints. According to aurveda, sandhisare classified as Cheshtavantaand sthira again these are classified as Kora, Ulukhala, Samudga, Pratara, Tunnasevani, Vayustunda, Mandala, Shankhaavarta. Modern texts classifies joints as synarthrosis (immobile joints),amphiarthrosis (slightly mobile joints) & diarthrosis (freely mobile joints).Joints can be classified differently as fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints& synovial joints. Classification of joints described in ancient text is similar to classification of joints in modern text. The following article presents a brief review on joints in ayurvedic & contemporary aspects.

13

Authors: Chaithra G G, Suhas Kumar Shetty, Nidhin M M

Apasmara comes under the group of Shareeramano Adhistitha Mahavyadhi which bears a striking similarity with the disease epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures, paroxysmal event due to chronic, abnormal, excessive, hypersynchronous discharges from central nervous system. Present antiepileptic drugs control the epilepsy but long term use generates adverse effects at Neurobiological psychological cognitive and social consequences. Pharmaceuticoanalytical study of Kousheyashma Bhasma (Magnesium silicates with good amount of iron, calcium, aluminum), along with its toxicity and animal study has been done, the same has proved its anti-epileptic activity. As a continuation of the study this clinical work was planned. In the present study Kousheyashma Bhasma was administered after Virechana therapy in a dose of 125 mg with cow’s ghee twice a day after food for 30 days. Results showed statistically significant improvement in convulsive movements, fall during attack, frothing from the mouth, chattering of teeth and post ictal confusion. The inter-ictal duration was increased from 15 days to 2 months and average duration of attack was reduced from 1 minute to an average 30 seconds. Moreover, as Bhasma was administered with ghee through the buccal route, the drug delivery was ensured to be rapid. This paper explains the study with its results and discussions.

13

Authors: Amrut Salunke and Shubhangi Shridhar Kale

Timir is one of the ‘Drushtigatroga’, if left untreated may lead into complete blindness. The symptoms of Patalgat Timir can be correlated with refractive error. Globally it is estimated that approximately 1.3 billion people live with some form of vision impairment. There is no any medicinal treatment available for refractive error in modern science & available therapies have some complication like dry eye, corneal ulceration etc. While in Ayurvedic text Timir is said to be ‘AyushdhiSadhya’ if treated in early stages. Hence, the Ayurvedic science can be explored to find a better alternative to manage this condition. In Ayurveda, there are number of preventive and curative modalities explained to treat Timirin the form of Pathykaraaharvihar, Rasayana Yoga, Chakshusya drugs, Netrakarma, Kriyakalpa, Panchkarma etc. Aim of the study is to find out conceptual resemblance between Patalgat Timir and refractive error and discuss on treatment modalities of Timir. Here we discuss about these treatment modalities, symptoms of Patalgat Doshdushti and refractive error. Use of these therapies helps us to prevent vision loss and to maintain vision.

14

Authors: Gowri M, S Thara Lakshmi and Rajam R

Ayurveda is a personalized medicine with the antiquity of around 5000yrs. Historically it was probably India who was the first nation to maintain records of medicinal utilization of metals like Gold, Iron, Copper,Lead etc. In the classical texts like Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita and other literatures of vedic era many such metals were mentioned as therapeutic agents, however in most of the cases their uses were limited to external applications only. It was later after the 8th Century AD by the advent of Acharya Nagarjuna extensive processing of these metals to consumable form was introduced and practiced widely. The therapeutic application received wide acceptance and evolved as one of the potent science during the 15th to 18th century. But since the 19th century the science faced set backs relating to the norms and criticisms regarding the safety and efficacy of these formulations as they has presence of heavy metals in them. Though a series of researches proved these formulations safe and effective, still a large community of common people are too concerned about its safety. This review gives a brief outlook regarding the scientific explanations and importance of each procedure conducted to process the metal to its therapeutically active form. This review also aims to establish an interdisciplinary approach with the pharmaceutical chemistry to open up and bridge the lacunae existing regarding the chemistry behind these procedures in Rasashastra.

14

Authors: Amol M. Shirbhate, Dipali P. Nijwante and Kundan R. Meshram

According to Acharya Charaka, Srotas are the channels for the purpose of secretion, conduction and transportation of body constituents. Mana which is known as mind, is very well described in ayurveda. Here Hriday and Dasha Dhamani are considered as the site of Mana. Anatomically hriday is considered as heart. But here heart cannot be considered as the site of mana. Mana does mainly functions of emotional, intellectual activities. All these are related to brain functions. In this study hriday is considered as brain not the heart. Hriday name means the organ which takes something, gives something and transports something. The brain does same activity like responses to incoming sensory, outgoing motor and nerve conduction. Hriday has also one meaning i.e. centre place. Brain is the part of central nervous system. Functions of brain matches with functions of mana mentioned in samhitas. There are some causative factor for manashikavikara like Asatmyendriyartha samyoga, Pragyaparadha, Parinama. All these factors directly or indirectly affects manas (mind) and ourbody and lastly cause diseases like Unmada (Psychosis), Apasmara (Epilepsy), Bhrama (illusion), Vyamoha (paranoia), Avasada (dipression), etc. Role of swasthavritta is very important in management of such disorders including Daivavyapasraya chikitsa, Satvajaya chikitsa, Nidan parivarjana, Naisthiki chikitsa and Yoga. The complete review on manovaha srotas, its disorders and there management by using principles of swasthavritta explained in our ancient texts are elaborated in the given article.

15

Authors: Poornima A, Ravi Bhat and Sudhakar Bhat

Folklore medicine contains many drugs which are not mentioned in Ayurveda texts which are known as Anukta Dravya (extra pharmacopeial drugs). These constitute a group of ethno medically important drugs. Rasa (taste), Guna (properties), Veerya (potency), Vipakaand Prabhava are collectively known as Rasa Panchaka. It is essential to assess basic pharmacodynamics properties of Anukta Dravya in terms of Rasa Panchaka. Apama siliquosa. Lamis one of the folklore medicine used to treat cholera, diarrhoea. It is an erect shrub growing mainly in the western ghats of India. It belongs to the family aristolochiacea. It is locally identified as Chakranike. The root of the drug is used in the treatment. According to folklore practice it can be used in both vomiting and diarrhoea by changing the modalities of administration and use of the root. It is not mentioned in any of the classical texts of Ayurveda and lacks the pharmacodynamics properties in terms of Rasa Panchaka.The present study is aimed to assess the RasaPanchaka profile of the drug Apama siliquosa.Lam.

17

Authors: Divya, Utkarsh Gupta and G.P.Garg

Many diseases are known to affect human being including infection, metabolic, genetic and nutritional deficiency disorders. Out of these nutritional diseases are by far most common throughout the world, among them malnutrition is the commonest one. In Ayurvedic text PEM can be correlate with Balshosh. Due to indulgence of atyahaswapna, sheetambusevan, shlaishmikstanyasevan causes vitiation of shleshma. This will lead to mandagni. As a result of mandagni Balshosh occurs. In the present study 49 patients fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. 25 patients in Group-A & 24 in Group-B. 9 patients discontinued the treatment. Group-A was treated with vidarikandadichurna (granules) & Group-B with Hyderabad mix (granules). Results obtained after the clinical trial were analyzed statistically. Overall assessment of both drugs was done for both subjective & objective parameters based on the significance of the statistical test. In Group-A, 10% patients had excellent improvement, 70% had marked improvement & 4% had mild improvement. In Group-B, 25% had excellent improvement, 75% had marked improvement. Present study reflects that both the drugs –vidarikandadichurna (granules) and Hyderabad mix (granules) have good outcome on anthropometric index of children but Hyderabad mix showed better improvement. As a result, both vidarikandadichurna (granules) and hyderabadmix (granules) can be adopted as treatment modalities in the management of Balshosh. The study should further be conducted in larger sample size.

18

Authors: Anoop A K, Lakshmi A and Vinod D S

Pramanas (epistemology) are tools for acquiring true knowledge. Upamanapramana (analogy) is one among them. Upamanapramana reflects the knowledge of similarity. It is a method of comparing an unknown object with a known object for acquiring the knowledge about the unknown one. It also admits the knowledge in relation between the sanjna (term) and the sanjni (the object denoted by that term).The compared known object is very well known even a layman would identify it easily. Ekakushta (a type of skin disease) can be compared and understood like that of scales of fish and in dhanustambam (tetanus), the patient bents like a dhanu (bow). Upamanapramana helps to understand different facts which seem tough to explain especially in classroom teaching. It is applicable in several aspects like philosophy, anatomy, diagnosis, treatment etc. The application of upamanapramana is an important weapon in the field of teaching and learning.

7

Authors: Santosh Girbide, Sunita Malewade, Savita Gudade, Milind Kamble and Prerna Raut

In Ayurveda"Kustha’’ is defined as"Kushnateeti kushatham” the disease which destroys the affected part of the body (skin) is known as kustha. Vicharchika is classified under kshudra kustha. It is Vata-Kaphapradhan Tridoshaja vikar, characterised by Kandu, strava and pidika. Vicharchika can be correlated with the eczema or dermatitis. In eczema patches of skin become inflamed, itchy, red, cracked and rough. Sometimes blisters may occur. The involvement of Vata dosha is responsible for dry, blackish lesion of eczema, Kapha dhosha is responsible for itching in those affected areas and oozing is due to pitta dosha. Junk food, frozen food and rapidly changing lifestyle is also leading to increase the rate of skin diseases. The patients of Vicharchika are found commonly now a days, so for their treatment; it is essential to study the etiological factors and pathogenesis of Vicharchika in detail.

7

Authors: Rakshitha Jain S B, Shashirekha H K and Bargale Sushant Sukumar

Ahara [food] is the reason for the existence of all living beings and it is the one which provides Bala [strength], Varna [color] and Ojas [vitality] to the body. Shadrasa [six rasas] resides in the Aharadravya and the wise consumption of Shadrasa will help in the proper maintenance of the health. Amlarasa [sour taste] is one among the Shadrasa and it is the one which makes mouth watery but the excess consumption of Amlarasa is Pitta Vardhaka because of its Samana Guna [same quality]. Still Amalaki [Indian gooseberry] and Dadima [Pomegranate] which are mentioned as an example of Amlarasa Pradhana Dravyas are considered as Nitya Sevaniya Dravya [balanced diet] and said to be useful in the treatment of Pitta Pradhana Vyadhi’s [disease of pitta origin] like Jwara[fever], Pandu[anemia] and Pittadika Madhatyaya. This unique concept can be understood by the application of a tool called Apavarga Tantrayukti, which is an exception to general rule at certain specific condition.

7

Authors: Santhosh K and Rathi S

Introduction This is a case report of 44 year old male who complained of dizziness during walking followed by heaviness of head since 1 month. The subject was not a known case of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke or any cardiac problems. The Pure Tone Audiometry results showed bilateral mild sensory neural hearing loss. But the subject had no symptoms of Tinnitus to be included in the vicinity of Meniere's disease. The Dix-Hallpike test was positive for left ear and confirmed the diagnosis as left posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (PC-BPPV). Materials and Methods The subject who approached ShalakyaTantra OPD of GAMC, with symptoms of dizziness, was systematically reviewed and intervention was planned for doshic components involved in Bhrama. Results The subject showed considerable improvement subjectively as shown by Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score. Discussion The repositional maneuvers prescribed in the BPPV, though effective in most of the cases, recurrence is noted in one third of the patients. This study sheds light on holistic treatments like Shiropichu told in the Ayurveda classics that could be integrated with the maneuvers thereby improving the quality of life with no potential risk of side effects.

7

Authors: Priyanka Joshi and B.Mukhopadhyay

The herbal drugs are effective in the treatment of diseases like diabetes and complications like Diabetic Retinopathy. Many medicinal plants have been used traditionally for their therapeutic role in the treatment of metabolic disorders like diabetic retinopathy. Research is done to understand the efficacy and action of these plants and obtain novel products which are potent and effective in managing disease like diabetic retinopathy. Some of the medicinal herbs that are used for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy are evaluated in the present paper.

8

Authors: Pavan Kumar Chadalawada, Pooja Boyapati and Madhurilatha Thadanki

Ipomoea sepiaria is one of the sacred plants from dhashapusham of an ayurvedic system of India. The genus Ipomoea is well known for its nutritional, medicinal and folklore values. Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) studies were performed on isolated moieties of methanolic extract of Ipomoea sepiaria and Acarbose for comparison of in-silico and in-vitro studies. In silico studies of α - amylase (3M07) D was carried on the isolated moieties of the methanol extract of Ipomoea sepiaria are Dodecyl–p–coumarate, β–sitosterol, Ipobscurine B, and serotonin alkaloid Ipobscurines C. In this study, the results showed that Ipobscurine-B and serotonin alkaloid Ipobscurines C proved to have better H-bonding in α - Amylase (3M7) having a Moldock score -149.326, -148.389 and Re-rank score -92.9283, -86.95 than -93.1984 and Re-rank score -75.7669 of standard Acarbose. Moldock Scores of Dodecyl–p–coumarate, β–sitosterol, ipobscurine B, and a serotonin alkaloid Ipobscurines C were -88.874, -78.866, - 149.326 and -148.389, respectively. The Re-rank score of above moieties were -68.2373, - 61.0402, -92.9283 and -86.95, respectively. The hydrogen bonds of ipobscurine B, serotonin alkaloid Ipobscurines C and Acarbose with an amino acid of α - Amylase (3M07) are Arginine, Alanine, Threonine and Aspartic acid. All the main content of Ipomoea sepiaria studied for the in-vitro anti-diabetic activity by alpha-amylase inhibition method. The compounds showed mild to moderate anti-diabetic activity. Ipobscurine B found to be most active among the series of isolates in comparison with Acarbose. Therefore, this class of compound could be a good starting point to develop new lead compound in the treatment of anti-diabetic activity

8

Authors: Vaishak VV, Krishnapriya S, GazalaHussain and Ashwinkumar S Bharati

AgadaTantra is the branch of medicine that deals with Toxicology and is one of the eight branches of Ayurveda. It deals with the treatment of poisons. Various forms of medicines have been explained for the management of poisons. Paranthyaditailam is explained in vishavaidyajyotsnika. It is useful in vranashamana and for giving relief from deshavaishanya in patients. Vishavaidyajyotsnika reconfirms its relevance as it narrates about the ancient tradition of vishavaidyasampradaya along with mantra chikitsa which was written in the local language Malayalam. This book deals with various yogas (formulations) for the management of poisons bites and stings. Among these formulations paranthyaditailam hold an important place.

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Authors: Madan Bhandari, Prasanna N. Rao, Mahesh Kumar E S, Rajkishore Shah and Kajal Jha

Ulcerative Colitis (UC), a variant of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease, is characterised by diffuse inflammation involving the rectal and colonic mucosa and submucosa. The exact cause of it is still unknown but the genetic predisposition, dysfunction in immune system, history of smoking, environmental factors are included in the aetiological theories1 . Bloody diarrhoea is considered as a cardinal symptom associated with other complaints of tenesmus, urgency, weight loss, weakness etc. In United States, UC has the prevalence of 37 to 246 peoples per 100,000 persons and incidence of 2.2 to14.3 new cases per 100,000 per year2 . The diagnosis of UC is suspected by clinical examination and confirmed by colonoscopy aided with biopsy. As UC has repeated episodes of exacerbation and relapse the aim of treatment lies on continuing the remission with minimal drugs and minimise the risk of carcinoma1 . Pharmacological management includes the topical or systemic use of drugs like 5-ASA, TNFalpha blockers (like infliximab), thiopurines (like azathioprine, 6-MP), and different steroids3 . Elective surgery is indicated in refractory cases with drug therapy or where the signs of dysplasia is found. The common surgery performed is total proctocolectomy with Ileal pouch anal anastomosis4 . In Ayurveda, the spectrum of signs and symptoms can be correlated with many conditions like PittajaAtisara, Grahaniroga etc.

8

Authors: Sheetal Lodha and Rupali Tarde

Sheetpitta is disease described as Tridoshaj and raktavaha srotodushti vyadhi. Three patients having symptoms of frequent episodes of rashes on the whole body associated with severe itching and burning sensation were diagnosed as sheetpitta. It can be correlated with urticaria. These cases were successfully managed by ayurvedic shodhan therapy (Vaman).Criteria for assessment was gradation of itching (kandu), burning sensation (Vidaha), rashes (varatidansh sansthan) fever (jwar) and chhardi (vomiting).This study shows the efficacy of vaman karma in management of sheetpitta.Vaman is one of the methods of biopurification. Vaman is medicated emesis to evacuate accumulated morbid doshas.

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Authors: Madhu M and Prasanna S

Delivery is the process of denouement of a pregnancy where fetus leaves the mother’s womb by vaginal passage called as labour or through abdominal route named as Caesarean section. During pregnancy the connection between the mother and the unborn baby is established through the placenta and the umbilical cord. The placenta helps for exchange of nutritive, circulatory and metabolic activities between mother and the fetus through the umbilical cord. Thus acts as a bond between fetus and the mother. After the delivery of the baby, the umbilical cord is cut and the baby will be separated from the mother’s body & then the placenta is expelled out from the uterus. The umbilical stump will take few days after delivery to dry and fall off. “Lotus birth” is a slight deviation from this process. Lotus birth is where the delivery of fetus and the placenta are carried out without cutting the umbilical cord, thus allowing the natural detachment of cord from umbilicus after drying. This paper is a compilation and analysis of differentiable process of delivery.

9

Authors: Medha S Kulkarni and Jotsna Yadav

In Ayurveda Diet or ahara is considered as a Mahabhaishajya (Supreme medicine) to prevent and manage the diseased conditions. Since childhood many medicinal herbs are given to the child daily for maintenance of health as well as for improvement of strength in the form of Janmaghuti (small amount of medicines in milk).It is clearly observed that diet, which provides nutrition also balances all aspects of health and prevents the illness. Bheshajahara can be synonymous with nutraceutical according to Ayurvedic perspective Many references of medicinal food recipes are mentioned in ancient texts of Ayurveda. Since last decade the concept of Nutraceutical is in discussion.Combinations of food and medicines come under the scope of nutraceutical as per its definition. The food supplements like vitamins, Minerals, fortified foods are considered as Nutraceutical. These products have natural, bio-active compounds which promote health, at the same time help to prevent illness. Many recipes are described in the management of diseases under the heading of Pathyaahara. In these recipes, combinations of medicinal herbs and diet are explained. Some examples of these are various Soups, Yavagus, Yush, Odana, Kshirapak, Khada and many more. Many references of medicated milk (processed with medicinal herbs- siddha kshir or Kshirapak) are listed in ancient texts. These are explained in many diseases for management of respective disease. Present article is an effort to review such references of Kshirapak in various diseases which can be considered as Nutraceutical.

9

Authors: Sushant D. Mhatre, Ankush D. Dikondwar and G.H.Kodwani

INTRODUCTION: Ayurveda is a science of life. It has its effect on every aspects of life like in healthy state or in diseased state. Acharya Sushruta has described various important principles for the treatment of Bhagna and those principles are adopted now days as such. In this case report single case was presented having complete fracture of shaft of left femur where around 2 inches bony part has been removed because of osteomyelitis. Laksha is good for bone healing/ formation. So for bone formation purpose Lakshadi Guggul along with other herbal medicines and PanchaTikta KshirBasti had been given to the patient. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Ayurvedic medicine in formation of nonhealing bone. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Case report form and Ayurvedic textbooks. OBSERVATION AND RESULT: Signs of bone formation seen in X-ray of Left femur shaft. DISCUSSION: Lakshadi Guggul and PanchaTikta KshiraBasti helps in the formation of bone. CONCLUSION: Ayurvedic medicine certainly helps in bone healing

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Authors: Tarun Kumar, Shital Bhagiya, Shukla V.J, and Anup Thakar

Tulasiswarasadi Taila is a type of medicated oil. It is a preparation in which oil, a fine paste of the drugs specified in the formulation composition and prescribed liquid media is being boiled together. The efficacy of a formulation can be increased by processing medicinal herbs with different types of oil. Tulasiswarasadi Taila has been mentioned in Sahasrayogam in the context of Taila Prakrana. The ingredients of Tulasiswarasadi Taila are Tulasi Patra (leaves) Swarasa (juice), Kundrushka and Tila Taila (sesame oil). Tulasiswarasadi Taila Nasya (Errhine therapy) has been mentioned for Nasadaurgandhya and Pratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis). A drug should always be standardized to make it effective in pacifying the disease and it should not create any side effects or complications. Hence, current study was taken to standardize and analyse the Tulasiswarasadi Taila by developing standard protocol for testing. The value of loss on drying, specific gravity, refractive index, saponification value, acid value and iodine value was found to be 0.79%, 0.9219, 1.52, 177.668, 11.781 and 57.31, respectively for Tulasiswarasadi Taila. On HPTLC scan, at 254nm 13 peaks with major peak at Rf 0.15 contributing 23.19% area and at 366nm 3 peaks with major peaks at Rf 0.02 contributing 52.46% area was noted. These parameters can be set as standard values to derive quality constants for Tulasiswarasadi Taila.

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Authors: Pankaj Rathore, A. B. Thakar, Tarun Kumar, Samata V. Tomar and Yagnik P. Solanki

Introduction: There is difficulty in availability of all herbal medicinal plants at a single place. Even the available one is limited. So unavailability is the most common problem in practicing these herbal medicines. With the availability of Pratinidhi Dravya (Substitute plants), one can alternately fulfill the requirement of such medicinal plants. Thus study on Pratinidhi Dravya, is the demand of the current scenario. One such Ayurveda Drug is Shalaparni that is very useful in many herbal formulations and even as a single medicine. According to Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India Shalaparni is taken as Desmodium gangeticum DC. D. gangeticum is nowadays reported as an endangered species. Material and methods: Conceptual analysis has been done from available literature and database for the selection of Pratinidhi Dravya (Substitute Drugs), on the basis of similarity of Rasa (Taste), Guna (Property), Virya (Potency) and Vipaka (test after digestion), but most important factor is Karma (Action). Results: As per the present review study five other species of genus Desmodium (D. podocarpum, D. repandum, D. triffolium, D. diffusum, and D. lexiflorum) were taken as consideration for its substitute. These drugs were also having similar actions (Karma) and other pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical similarities. Conclusion: This article advocates Desmodium species which are having similar actions can be taken as Pratinidhi Dravya (Substitute Drugs) of Shalaparni. So, D. podocarpum, D. repandum, D. triffolium, D. diffusum, and D. lexiflorum may be taken as Substitute of D. gangeticum as per need.

10

Authors: Patel Divya, RajpootPurnima, Verma Sudha Rani and Bisen Mukesh Kumar

“Dhatvashyaantarmaryadakala” Kalas are membrane or layer present between SaptaDhatus and Asaya which covers many organ of the body. Kala is an unparalleled hypothesis stated by the Acharya Susruta in SharirSthan. Specific kala present in the specific organs. Kalas are differentiated as snayupratichchhanan (covered from ligaments), jarayusantata (continuation of feotal covering), and slesmavestita (coated with kapha). In modern science membranes are formed, during embryonic phase only, chiefly from three varieties of tissues epithelial, connective and adipose. In this paper I am trying to correlate the anatomical structure as well as physiological function and clinical importance of kala with the modern science.

10

Authors: Shalini Jhanwar

Fatigue is one of most common complaints that is present more or less in various disease conditions. It usually refers to nonspecific sense of a low energy level or the feeling that near exhaustion is reached after relatively little exertion. Shramahara word refers to antifatigue action. So the herbs that work for tiredness have been included in Shramahara mahakashaya group. As per Ayurveda, Darksha, Kharjura, Priyala, Badara, Dadima, Phalgu, Parushaka, Ikshu, Yava, Shashtika are included in this group. They have good nutrition value and many bioactive phytochemicals. Many researchers found that these herbs have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cardioprotective etc activities. So these drugs are effective in fatigue. This article discusses the pharmacological action of herbs of Shramahara mahakashaya.

10

Authors: Sunita Temhunna, Sangram Mishra and Rashmi Tiwari

In Ayurvedic classics faulty lifestyle like improper dietary habits, improper sleep pattern,stress etc,have been stated as main causative factors for manifestation of agnimandya. So,in preventive as well as curative aspect of Agnimandya and ultimately almost all disease which are caused due Agnimandya lifestyle modification is very essential,by following the proper ahara -vihar and achara. It is possible to prevent and cure these diseases and regain a physically and psychologicaly healthy life. Acharya Charak says about agni that life is directly proportional to Agni. According to Acharya Sushruta agni is correlated with Pitta in ayurveda. The pitta expressions of heat & digestion sustain the life. In modern era life becomes fast & mechanical. This is the reason why we can’t give proper attention to daily & seasonal regimes, exercise and diet. Now a days there is so many changes in life style. Uses of preserved food & fast food, bakery products, shift duties (i.e. ratreejagaran evam divaswapn), stress & strain full life, all these factors cause Agnimandhya. According to Acharya Vagbhhat agnimandya is root cause of all disease. If jatharagni is weak, it will be improper digestion of food and there may be consequently uttarotar dhatu formation hamper. This is the reason why Ayurvedic samhitas has given lots of importance to agni.

10

Authors: Ajay Kumar Tikoo, Anup Thakar, Nilesh Bhatt and K S Praveen Kumar

Diabetes mellitus is emerging as one of the most important of all the diseases due to its multisystem involvement, complex metabolic abnormalities & varied clinical presentations. Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by the allopathic system of medicine have limited role & moreover they have numerous side effects. In Ayurveda Diabetes mellitus can be correlated with Madhumeha. The aim of this study was to assess the role of Virechana karma and Nishakatakadi Yoga in the management of Madhumeha w.s.r. to Diabetes mellitus. A total of 42 patients having classical signs and symptoms of Madhumeha were selected randomly from O.P.D. or admitted in I.P.D. of I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar. These patients were randomly divided into two groups viz. Group A / Nishakatakadi yoga (Shamana Therapy) Group and Group B/ Virechana and Nishakatakadi yoga (Combined Therapy) Group. In group A 4.76% patients were found to be Under Control, 0% showed Marked Improvement, 38.09% patients showed Moderate Improvement, 38.09% showed Mild Improvement while 19.04% patients showed No Improvement after the treatment. In group B 12.50% patients were found to be Under Control, 18.75% showed Marked Improvement, 37.50% patients showed Moderate Improvement, 18.75% showed Mild Improvement while 12.50% patients showed No Improvement after the treatment. Virechana and Nishakatakadi Yoga (Combined therapy) Group was more effective and provided better relief in the patients of Madhumeha in comparison to Nishakatakadi Yoga (Shamana Therapy) Group.

11

Authors: Grishma Solanki, SamataTomar, Shilpa Donga and L.P. Dei

Background: Leucorrhoea is a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge. There are many causes of leucorrhoea, the usual one being oestrogen. This discharge can keep occurring for years, in which case it becomes more yellow and foul-smelling with increase in amount may due to vaginal infection or STDs. Approximately 40% of women with vaginal symptoms will have some type of vaginitis and it may disappear and reappear from time to time. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the Nimbadi Yoni Varti on Shwetapradara (Leucorrhoea). Materials & Methods: For the clinical study, 58 patients who fulfilled the criteria for selection were included from the O.P.D. of Stree Roga & Prasooti Tantra, I.P.G.T. & R.A. Jamnagar. They were treated with Nimbadi Yoni Varti (1 Varti of 3 gm at bed time) for duration of 7 days and follow up after 1 month. The effect of therapy were assessed on the basis of relief in signs and symptoms for which special scoring pattern was made. Results: Out of 58 patients which were treated by Nimbadi Yoni Varti, 51 patients (87.93%) got complete remission and 7 patients (12.07%) were found markedly improvement. Conclusion: The result shows that Nimbadi Yoni Varti is highly effective for the management of Shwetapradara, and more convenient with no apparent evidence of complications.

11

Authors: Vinayak N.Joshi and Mrudula V Joshi

The rapidly changing, stressful lifestyle, uncertain climate and unhealthy habits of health conscious generations results in poor immunity and invitations for diseases. Ayurveda deals with healthy and disease states of life. In either state vyadhikshamatva (immunity) plays a vital role. Hence concept of vyadhikshamatva is of great importance for holistic approach towards individuals. In Charak samhita reference of Vyadhikshamatva is found in Vividhashitapitiya adhyay; but no specific explanations are available. Vyadhikshamatva being basic and fundamental principle in ayurveda it is described in detail by Chakrapani and Gangadhar in their respective commentaries. Vyadhikshamatva is well defined for the first time, by Chakrapani in very scientific manner in terms of "vyadhibala virodhitavam" and "vyadhyutpad pratibandhakatvam". Vyadhikshamatva in ayurveda implies a resistance against loss of proportion, coordination, and inter relationship amongst the individual's dhosha, dhatu, mala and agni. It is not merely immunity against any specific disease or infectious agent for which in western medicine there is provision of immunization. Present article throws a light on concept of Vyadhikshamatva, its aspects and commentaries, importance, role in today's era and comparison with modern concept of immunity.

11

Authors: Sneha Anil Surve, Ashok D Ramteke, Rajshree Gawand and Pramod Ingale

Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is a process of progressive deterioration of joint cartilage and formation of new bone (osteophyte) at the joint surface. Lipid peroxidation mediated byfree radicals is considered to be a major mechanism of cell membrane destruction and cell damage along with DhatukshayajanyaVataprakopa.The present study was undertaken to evaluate Antioxidant activity of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Linn) in terms of biological markers namely, SOD (Superoxide dismutase),GSH (Glutathione) &Malionialdehyde in JanusandhigataVata (Degenerative Arthritis of Knee).In this trial 30 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis were administered Shatavarichurna 3 grams once a day empty stomach in morning for the period of 60 days. Preliminary CBC, X-Ray knee was done to assess the severity. Patients were evaluated for 4 sypmtoms namely, Sandhishool, Aatopa, Sandhishotha&Aakunchanprasaranvedanain gradations 0 to 4. Oxidative stress markers MDA, SOD & GSH were evaluated before and after the trial.Total percentage improvement in Subjective& Objective parameters was 64.17%& 52.82% respectively.MDA was reduced which in turn was due to increase in antioxidant reserve i.e. SOD & GSH. All the data obtained was statistically evaluated using Students Paired ‘t’ test. It was found that the data was clinically important with 90% showing marked improvement(≤50-75%) & 10 % showing moderate improvement(≤25-50%) as well as statistically significant with P<0.0001.Thus, Shatavari was responsible for reducing oxidative stress in patients of Janusandhigatavata (Degenerative arthritis of knee).

11

Authors: Chippy Prince Raji, Anilkumar Kala Akhila, Parvathy Unnikrishnan, Anjaly Muraleedharan and Hemavathi Shivapura Krishnarajabhatt

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian disease is the most common disorder in women of reproductive age. It accounts for 5 to 8% of general population and 40% of women with infertility. It is evidenced with oligo or anovulation, oligo or amenorrhoea with other associated symptoms like obesity, alopecia, acne etc. In Ayurveda, similar condition can be understood under the broad concept of artavakshaya which is characterised by yathochitakalaadarshana [menstruation prolonged for more than one month] / alpata of artava [scanty menstruation not more than 3 days]. Methodology: This is a case report of a 23 year old lady with complaints of irregular menstruation since 8 years and diagnosed as Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease. She was given snehapana followed by vamana and then internal medications to support ovulation and regularise the menstrual cycle making her ready for conception. Assessment of bleeding was done with PBAC; duration of the cycle and no. of days of bleeding with Menstrual chart and ovulation with Follicular study before and after treatment and follow up. Result: The result of the study showed that after the treatment the patient attained regular ovulatory menstrual cycle with normal bleeding. Discussion and Conclusion: The treatment protocol was designed as per the line of management of artavakshaya. Vamana after proper snehana and swedana helped to normalise the kapha and improve the āgneyadhatuvriddhi thereby increasing the artava. The internal medications given like mahanarayanataila and shatapushpachurna support ovulation and regularise the menstrual cycle.

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Authors: Reetashri Bhuyan and Pankaj Kr. Barman

Fistula-in-ano is one of the most notorious diseases of the ano-rectal region . The disease owes its complexity to the fact that inspite of the development of newer techniques of treatment modalities it still gives varied reccurrence rates. The disease is troublesome both to the patient as well to the surgeons. Earlier techniques like fistulectomy, fistulotomy leads to the disfigurement of perianal region and anal incontinence in some cases as along with the unhealthy fistula tract there is massive loss of healthy tissues. Thus, operative procedures for this disease leads to more serious complications than the disease itself initially. In Ayurveda classics, vivid description has been given about the disease as 'Bhagandara' including its types, specific features and complexity of the disease. Sushruta has included it under "Astamahagada' which means it is a dreadful disease. Kshara Sutra therapy is one of best modality of treatment with very less recurrence rates. Kshara sutra works by curettage of unhealthy tissue, separation of debris through fistulous tract and removal of debris and cleansing of wound. However, it is observed that even Kshar Sutra Therapy can be difficult in the treatment of complex fistulain-ano, because of the long duration of treatment, pain and post-operative scar as it involves a large area of the perianal region. In this study a new technique named IFTAK (Interception of Fistula Tract with Kshar Sutra Therapy) will be discussed. The technique was developed by Dr M Sahu and is being practised for treating complex and recurrent fistula-in-ano in Banaras Hindu University since 2007. In this study, 60 number of cases have been taken to compare the efficacy of IFTAK with conventional kshar sutra therapy using Palash Guggulu Kshar Sutra in the management of fistula-in-ano.

13

Authors: Chaudhary Anubha, Garud Sandeep and Kotecha Mita

Aroma therapy is the art and science of utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences from plants to balance, harmonize and promote the health of soul, mind and body. Basic concept lies in the Vedas- “Sugandhim pushti vardhanam”. It is a modern term for an ancient healing practice that is more than 5000 years-old; there are descriptions of the burning of fragrant herbs, flowers, barks and resins, to enhance healing and meditation in the Vedic texts. The aromatic plants are included in Agruvadi gana & Eladi gana of Caraka Samhita and Sushrut Samhita respectively. Modes of application in modern aroma therapy are aerial diffusion, direct inhalation and topical application while Ayurveda includes internal use of Aromatic herbs also. The aromatic herbs can be used as per the Dosha involved e.g. Choraka, Tagar in vitiation of Vaat, Lavanga, Chandan for Pitta and Tailparna, Karpur for Kapha Dosha. It is the time to explore the role of Ayurveda in Aroma therapy in present scenario.

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Authors: Ankush R. Sadavarte and Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common siteand stands second after infection of respiratory tract. It’s prevalence is more in women as compared to men. Approximately 50% women have infectionof Urinary tract in their life-time. According to Ayurveda, urinary tract infection can be correlated withMutrakruchhra. InCharakSamhitait is described in TrimarmiyaadhyayaofChikitsasthana. In modern medicine the antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone are used in the management of Urinary tract infection but they have many side effects. Antibiotics are not mentioned in Ayurveda. But some herbshave antimicrobial activity. Hence they can be used in management ofUrinary Tract Infection. Aims & objectives: To review the herbs having antimicrobial activity in Ayurveda againstUrinary Tract Infection. Methodology: All Bruhatrayi, Laghutrayi, modern text books and various research articles were reviewed and analyzed.Observation and Result:Research studies conducted on Gokshur (Tribulusterrestrislinn), Varuna (Crataevanurvala), Shigru (Moringaoleifera), Manjishtha (Rubiacordifolia), Anantmul (Hemidesmusindicus), Gulkhair (Malvasylvestris), Jambu (Psidiumgujava,) Punarnava( Boerhaaviadiffusa), Vidari (Ipomoea mauritiana)andNeem(Azadirachtaindica) etc proved their antimicrobial activity. Among these most of the studies are in vitro studies. Hence these herbs can be used in management of Urinary Tract Infection. Conclusion: From this review it can be said thatGokshur, Varun,Shigru,Jambu, Punarnava,Vidari,Anantamul, Manjishtha, Bhumyamalaki, Dadim and Neemhave wide range of antimicrobial activity hence they can be effectively used in urinary tract infection.

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Authors: Matangee Pandya, Vishwatej Parkhi, Dhara Lakkad and Shilpa B. Donga

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of infertility in female factor is increasing now a day due to increase in age of marriage as females are more oriented towards their carrier. Successful healthy conception requires proper structure and function of entire reproductive system. Therefore, there is the great scope of Ayurveda research to find out appropriate and effective solution for this problem. Considering all these points the present study was planned according to Ayurvedic principles. Hence this cost effective, safe study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Shodhana Karma followed by Shamana Aushadha in the management of Vandhyatva. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of Virechana, Yapana Basti, Uttarabasti & Shamana Aushadha in the management of Infertility. MATERIALS & METHODS: A 29 years old Patient having complaint of failure to conceive since 5 years with history of two abortions was selected from the OPD of IPGT & RA, GAU, Jamnagar. Patient was treated with Virechana, Yapana Basti, Uttarbasti & Shamana Aushadha. The duration of therapy was 5 months. RESULTS & DISCUSSION:There was improvement in proper endometrium thickness,ovulation occurred followed by conception and patient delivered a full term normal healthy male baby. Samshodhana and Shamana Aushadha helped to pacify vitiated Vata and Pita Dosha of the body thus helping to restore the fertility. CONCLUSION:The selected treatment protocol i.e. Samshodhana and Shamana Aushadha is very effective in the management of multifactorial Infertility.

16

Authors: Nileema Raju Shisode

India is a country of diversity, here nature is giving abundance to human being, though because of lack of knowledge we are deprive of the nature’s wealth. Moringa/ drumstick/ shigru is one of the boon for man. It contains loads of vitamins, minerals and vital nutrients, it is available everywhere and can be used as a medicine to cure diseases of digestive system, nervous system, skin, eyes, etc. Recent research shows that it is helpful to cure, lung, liver and ovarian cancer, it has good result in dyslipidemia, diabetes, worms etc. In large quantity its root extract may cause loose motions, nausea, and neurological symptoms. It may be teratogenic for foetus, as it crossed placental barrier. Compilation of all sort of recent research about shigru and its knows beneficial effects as per Ayurveda text will be helpful for society, so studied about moringa/ shigru’s as per Ayurveda, and modern research.

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Authors: Suman Dadhich, Kshipra Rajoria and Sarvesh Kumar Singh

Barleria prionitis Linn. (Acanthaceae Family) is aneternal, Ayurvedic herb that is dispersed throughout the tropical parts in India. Numerous uses are stated in Ayurveda classics which reveals that either the entire plant or its specific parts has been used for Sothahara (~decrease edema), Raktashodhaka (~blood purifier), Sukrashodhana (~ purification of semen), Mutrala (~diuretic), Kusthaghana (~skin disease), and for Jawaraghana(~fever) properties. Many researches has been carried out to explore the potency of this plant which discloses anti bacterial, antihelminthic, antifungal, antifertility, anticancer, anti oxidant, anti cataract etc. activities and acetylcholine esterase and glutathione s-transferase (GST) inhibitory activity of the extract and isolated molecules of this plant without any toxic effects. Many phytochemicals have been isolated from the different parts of this plant such as pipataline, balarenone, verbascoside, barlerinoside etc. This medicinal plant has huge potentials that stated in Ayurveda classics which are still uncovered for that reason it is still underutilized plant. There is also controversy present in its activities in Ayurveda and biomedicine such as Sahachara have a potency of Shukrashodhana but in modern science research has been done on its antifertility activity. So along with its numerous traditional uses, the current article also represent its phytochemical profile, pharmacological augmentation and toxicity that will be beneficial for further researches.

6

Authors: Anamika Shukla and Jyoti Singh

Rasahastra, is said to be a divine science in the field of Ayurveda. It is the science of making formulations of mineral origin for therapeutic use. Parad i.e. liquid silver is the backbone of this science. Hingulottha parad i.e. extracted parad (mercury) from Hingula (Cinnabr) is a speciality of this science i.e. Rasashastra. Hingulottha parad is said to be like Ashtasanskarit parad and no purification is required further. Hence, this extraction method keeps a very big importance in the field of Ayurveda. Hingula (cinnabar) is the most prominent ore of mercury since ages. To obtain quicksilver (parad) from Hingula,so many methods and principles are adapted like Urdhva patana(upward sublimation),Adhah patana(downward sublimation),Tiryak patana(Transverse sublimation).Here Urdhwapatana method is applied for extraction of mercury from Hingula by the Damaru yantra,which is discussed in this paper. In the present study extraction of mecury from Hingula was done three times, % of Hingulottha parad was 41.67% .The cause of less percentage of mercury may be due to unavoidable reasons like heating pattern or non-dissociation of mercury from Hingula by this method which is not clear. The object of this paper is to present an insight into extraction process and the discussion of its utility and limitations of this method.

7

Authors: Deepmala Deb, Champak Medhi and Namita Baishya

Agnikarma is an Ayurvedic thermophysical* therapeutic procedure which is vividly mentioned in classical texts with varied indications. It is classically indicated for vata, vata kaphaj diseases like Gridhrasi, sandhigata vata, katishool, vata kantak etc. Agnikarma mentions various materials like kshoudra, guda, shalaka, ajashakrit etc, but commonly DNP Panchadhatu lauha shalaka is extensively used in practice. Controlled heat delivery is the basis of Agnikarma, therapeutic effects of which are of varied dimensions. In present era musculoskeletal pain disorders is one of the most common life style disorders in society. The oral conventional treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammable drugs are hazardous in chronic pain disorders. Agnikarma is a preferable costeffective ayurvedic therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Its mode of action is a fact to be research upon vividly to scientifically establish this therapy pan world for the benefit of mankind.

7

Authors: Manali Anil Visaria and Sheela Pargunde

Health of face is important as it is the window of the body and mind which allows us to communicate with the world around us. Vyanga is a disease which affects face of a person. Vyanganashaka lepa and its face pack may be used to treat vyanga and enhance the glow of face. Purpose of this research was to prepare and standardize vyanganashaka lepa and its face pack and compare their common pharmaceutico-analytical tests. Vyanganashaka lepa was prepared in powder form using jiraka, krishna jiraka, krishna tila and pita sarshapa. Preparation of its face pack was done by using vyanganashaka lepa, water, glycerin, methyl paraben, fuller’s earth and essential oil. 3 batches of vyanganashaka lepa and its face pack were prepared, standardized and their mean result was calculated. Vyanganashaka lepa and vyanganashaka face pack were standardized as per ‘Protocol for testing of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicines’, Government of India, Department of Ayush.

7

Authors: Madhu. M

Ayurveda is considered as an ancient system of medicine which is equally relevant in this modern era. Artavakshyaya is one of the stree rogas explained in Ayurveda. It comprises both Oligo and Hypo menorrhoea. Many causes for Oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoeaare registered in day to day practices. Out of them, the hyperprolactinemia is one of the important anovulataory gynaecological pathology during human reproduction. Prolactin is secreted by anterior pituitary. It is important for initiation and maintenance of lactation. Hyperprolacinemia presents with a typical symptom ‘Galactorrhea’ which is seen majority of cases. Osteoporosis is one of the consequences in patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea due to estrogen deficiency. It requires a good therapeutic management. Many cases of hyperprolactinemia i.e with increased levels of prolactin are also found in women with normal ovulating, which does not require any treatment. In modern science Dopamine agonist is the main stream of treatment. Ayurveda has its own importance in treating Artavakshaya due to Hyperprolactenamia successfully. Here is a successful case report of Ayurvedic treatment which cured the condition.

8

Authors: Mahadev. B. Gundakalle, Mahesh. P. Savalgimath, Ajit.C. Lingayat and Shrutika S. Karoshi

Dooshivishari Agada (DVA) one of formulation described in Ayurvedic classics, commonly used for toxic conditions. Standards of DVA are not present in API. In this study DVA is prepared in three Batches and subjected to analysis like organoleptic studies, pH, LOD (Loss on Drying), total ash, acid insoluble ash, hardness, disintegration time, phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography. The results obtained in this study did not show any variation in phytochemical screening but negligible variation in physico-chemical analysis. Further studies in this line we being carried out.

8

Authors: Pinky Chauhan, SonuVerma, Sushila Sharma and Heena Mewara

Abnormal uterine bleeding affects 14-25% of women of reproductive age and may have a significant impact on their physical, social, emotional and maternal quality of life. When menstruation comes in excess amount, for prolonged period and/or even without normal period of menstruation (In inter-menstrual period less in amount and for short duration),differentfrom the features of normal menstrual blood (Shudhaartava), it is known as Asrigdara. A 35 year old married woman visited in the OPD of Dept. ofPrasutitantra and Striroga of NIA Jaipur on 3/2/ 2018. She had complaints of continuous bleeding since 11/1/2018 which was excessive in nature. She also complained of spasmodic pain in lower abdomen, weakness and difficulty in micturition. USG shows rt. ovarian cystic lesion like a complex cyst / hemorrhagic cyst (3.2 X 2.6 cm) with a volume of 56cc. ET was 8.7 mm. Patient was given compound of Pushyanug Churna, Chandrakala Rasa, Shonitargala Rasa, Kaharava Pishti, Bola Parpatiwith Madhu &Tandulodaka empty stomach/ BD; Avippatikara Churna after food 5 gm/BD; Vasa Ghana Vati-2 tab/TDS for 3 months. With the help of these drugs bleeding was stopped in 7 days & next 2 cycles were regular with 4 days duration. USG showed reduced rt. ovarian volume and no any cystic lesion. Thus, we can conclude from this case study that this Ayurveda regimen plays an effective role in the management of Asrigdara and complex cyst of ovary.

8

Authors: Sunita Temhunna, Kamna Singh and Rashmi Tiwari

The science of Ayurveda is well recognize system of medicine, which has unique speciality in field of Prasuti & Stri Rog. In Ayurveda, diseases related to the female reproductive system i.e. gynaecological disorders are described under the caption of Yoni Vyapada. Though initially all the classics have given the number of Yonivyapad as twenty. According to classics when a women having ruksha (dry) body or else a weak or very young women does excessive coitus with abnormal posture of body, uses of objects made of iron & most probable cause abnormilities of Artava & Bija (abnormilities of a portion of bija responsible for development of Yoni during embryonic life). One of the type of yonivyapad Udavritta or Udavartini resembles the description of almost all type of dysmenorrhoea. Inordinate or irregular contraction of all the myometrial muscle fibres have been explained as all around movement of vayu’ in madhukosa commentary. The vitiated vata spreads through rasavaha shrotasa & leads to rasavaha, raktavaha & artavavaha shrotodusti. In the disease Kashtarva, all the three doshas are involved with predominance of vata. According to acharya charak main causative factor of Udavarta is vata, so it should be treated first. Shoshan & shaman chikitsa described by Acharyas. Oeation, sudation, purgation is beneficial for Udavarta. Uttarbasti is most important treatment for Yonivyapad.

8

Authors: Vishal Shamrao Patil and Manisha V. Bhalsing

Internal respiration is gaseous substitute among the blood and the tissue of the body. With the help of cardiovascular system the inhaled O2 rich blood is transported to the tissues of body. So blood is central and familiar arbitrator to sustenance of all dhatus through respiratory and cardiovascular System. The adjustments to increased metabolic rate or to hypoxia are achieved by increasing conductances1 . So these adjustments consists both augmented and decrease local blood flow and in upgrading of diffusion conditions means enlargements and recruitment of capillaries. So blood is transport medium of gases exchange at tissue level. The exact phenomenon of this exchange model stated in Ayurveda in the form of Raktdhatu and its functions as ‘Prano Shonitam Anuvartate’ i.e. Prana Vayu follows Raktadhatu to foster tissues of whole body2 . Age of person depends upon age of capillary. Rakta dhatu is important for oxygenation and deoxygenating of blood as inspired air is travelled through blood to the capillaries and expired CO2 also travelled through blood vessels up to heart and lungs. Functions of Rakta dhatu- are as nutrition, oxygen supply to tissues. By depletion of tissue due to bleeding, the fire (digestive power) becomes weak and vata becomes aggravated. Decrease of blood produces roughness of skin, desire for sour and cold things looseness of the veins etc. So in this changing life style it is essential thing to rule out or understand to prevent premature ageing. So, this attempt is to see the role of Rakta dhatu in tissue level respiration and premature aging.

9

Authors: Isha Jain and Shamsa Fiaz

Intratonsillar abscess is an infection occurring in both children and adults.It is a rare complication associated with tonsillitis which is a common pharyngeal infection.In modern science, treatment includes incision and drainage along with antibiotics and analgesicswhich cause unnecessary side effects and in chronic stage there is little or no relief and hence surgery is advised as the only alternative.Moreover, there is recurrence even after surgical intervention.In Ayurveda, Intratonsillar abscess can be correlated with Gala Vidradhi which has indication of Bhedana Karma as treatment. In the present case study, a 26 year old female patient came with complaints of swelling in the left tonsillar region for the last 6 months following an episode of acute tonsillitis. She was treated with local application of Apamarga Kshara andGandusha with Darvyadi Kwatha along with oral medications. There was significant improvement in patient complaints and marked reduction in swelling with no recurrence of abscess formation.

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Authors: Bhardwaj Priyanka, Mehta Sahil Sharma Mukesh Kumar

Studying the way human body is made of has always been interesting and fascinating. The word Anatomy is derived from a Greek word “Anatome” meaning “to cut up” or “to cut repeatedly”. It is the study of structures that make up the body and how those structures relate with each other. Anatomy is no doubt the foundation of the vast medical field that exists today. Its course had been developed from different corners of the world and today it stands as the foremost branch of the medical field. The knowledge of anatomy is the essential part for all the fields of medical. Hindus are considered as the foremost cultivators of this department. India being one of the oldest civilizations has significant contribution to our human anatomy. Acharya Sushruta, in Sushruta Samhita firstly mentioned about human dissection and many other embryological and anatomical concepts. Later on several great anatomists contributed their well versed discoveries of the structures of complex human body with proper dissection earlier on animals but later finally on human cadavers.

9

Authors: Shintre Sayali, Ramteke Ashok and Shelke Rajashree

Infectious diseases still possess a threat to mankind. Lower Urinary tract Infection (LUTI) is the second most common infection affecting human beings. The symptoms of ‘mutrakruchchra’ mentioned in Ayurveda closely correspond to the symptoms of LUTI. Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a rising concern today. Various herbal extracts are being studied constantly for their antimicrobial activities as the problem of microbial resistance is increasing. Kantakari is widely available traditionally used Ayurvedic herb. References from Ayurvedic literature suggests Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad&Wendl) to be effective in Mutrakruchchra. Total 60 patients of Lower Urinary tract infection involved in this clinical trial were randomly divided into two groups. Group A of 30 patients were administered kantakari panchang kwath (Decoction) for a period of 7 days and Group B of 30 patients were subjected to Tab Norflox TZ for 5 days. The observations were recorded and analysed statistically on the basis of objective parameter of reduction in pus cells in both the groups. Symptomatic relief in group A (Kantakari kwath) was 89.11% and that in group B was 92.16%. Paired t test applied in group A and B were extremely significant at p value <0.0001. Unpaired ‘t’ test between both groups was not significant. Kantakari showed equivalent results as compared to standard antibiotic. It was found to be effective single herb in Mutrakruchchra.

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Authors: Shweta Paul, Karunanidhi Sharma and Parimi Suresh

Arka kalpana is an important dosage form in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicines, also used in other medicinal systems. Soaked drug with specific amount of water is placed in simple distillation assembly and the obtained distillate is considered as Arka. Ratio of drug, water and distillate varies according to drug by drug or in various texts. Yavani or Ajawain is very common herb, has important place in Indian kitchen spices. In scientific world it is known as Trachyspermum ammi. It is used to enhance the taste or interest in the food, for proper digestion, increase digestive fire and very commonly used as home remedy to cure common abdominal problems i.e. indigestion, stomachache etc. Various properties, indications and method of preparation are described in Ayurveda and Unani classical texts. Ratio of water, drug and Arka (distillate) is different in texts. An attempt has been made to evaluate the method and final product, among three samples prepared by following references of Arka Prakasha (AP), Ayurveda Formulary of India (AFI) and National formulary of Unani medicine (NFUM). Maximum yield was obtained by the method of AFI. The method of NFUM was looked well, where sufficient yield was obtained and after reviewing the characters, was looking better to extract the maximum amount of volatile oil or active constituents into the final produce. The Arka obtained by method of AP was very less in amount, but was very concentrated and strong in taste and odour, it may have highest potency.

10

Authors: Pokharkar Ashwini, Nakade Mamta, Pachkavade Ganesh and Changade Jayashri

Amlapitta is a disease of Annavah strotas (gastrointestinal tract). This disease is described in classical ayurvedic texts. The excess formation of vitiated pitta due to improper diet and lifestyle habits is the main cause of amlapitta. Indigestion, tiredness, nausea, sour and bitter belching, heaviness, heart- throat burn, anorexia are the cardinal symptoms of amlapitta. Virechan is one of the panchakarma explained by acharyas for treatment of amlapitta. As virechan is shodhan karma it cures the disease from its root cause. In kashyab smhita acharya kashyab explains that virechan with trivrutta, triphala, trayamana, katuka and rohini will reduce amlapitta.

10

Authors: GeethaNayakS, Ajantha, Anuradha B, Anand S

A close look into hetu of madhumeha expounds swapnasukha as an important viharajahetu pointing to sedentary lifestyle. In this context most important hetu vipareetha upashaya would bevyayama, as it brings sukhanubandha to patients by regulating and normalizing attributes involved in pathology of madhumeha (DM-type2) including blood glucose level. This is a highly rewarding concept of scientific rationale in management and dates back to Shushrutasamhita advocating graduated exercise separately for different class of people suffering from madhumeha. Contemporary modern approach to an extent simulates, advocating aerobic and resistance exercises for DM-type2 with their own benefits

10

Authors: Afreen Siddiqui, Gitanjali Sasmal and Vinay Bhardwaj

Health may be defined as the ability to adapt and manage physical, mental and social challenges throughout life15 . Ayurveda is mainly concerned with preventive aspect of health. The goals of medicine are to promote health, to preserve health, to restore health when it is impaired and to minimize suffering and distress14 . In Ayurveda, aetiopathogenesis of disease i.e progression of disease is explained in six stages termed as shatkriyakal and those are Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthanasamshraya, Vyakat, Bheda. A clear understanding about the stages of Kriyakala is an essential factor for early diagnosis, prognosis and for adopting preventing and curative measurement. Sanchaya and the other five stages develop one after the other successively and become stage of evolution of disease process known as Rogasamprapti (pathogenesis). During these stages the Doshas gets aggravated, brings about abnormalities in Doshas, Dhatus, Malas and Ojas. The number and severity of the symptoms and the curability or incurability of the disease depends upon severity of such vitiation. So in present era Shatkriyakala can be understood as cellular injury, which is the common representation in almost all the diseases. Cell injury is defined as an alteration in cell structures or biochemical functioning resulting from stress that exceeds the ability of the cell to compensate through normal physiological adaptive mechanism2 . Hence a great emphasis has been laid on a clear understanding of these six progressive stages of disease.

11

Authors: Sunil Kumar and Deepti

Psoriasis is an autoimmune dermatological disease which is clinically characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and rounded plaques, covered by silvery micaceous scale. In Ayurveda, all skin disorders are covered under the heading of Kustha. Ekkustha can be compared to psoriasis based on its signs and symptoms. A female patient with complaints of blackish red scaly patches on almost whole of the body with itching and severe burning sensation is studied. Deepana-Pachana (Panchkol Churna) followed with Virechana Karma (Trivrita Avleha) along with Shaman Yoga (Patolkaturohiniadi Kasaya 40ml, Avipattikar Churna 5gm, combination of Kamdudha Rasa 250mg, Sutshekhara Rasa 250mg and Shatavari Churna 3grams) and Jivantyadi Yamak and a combination of Multani, Gulabjal, Jaiphal and Manjishtha for local application was given. Though, Ekkustha is a disease having dominancy of vitiated Vata and Kapha Dosha. In Kapha dominant skin diseases, Vamana is indicated as a Shodhan Karma but in the present case Pitta was found as a dominant Dosha. So line of treatment was to subside Pitta Dosha. After two months of the treatment, a significant response in various signs and symptoms were found. There was no remission of the disease even after six months.

11

Authors: Sunil K Sharma,Govind Pareek,Mithilesh K. Sah,Kunal Ojha andNiddhi Sharma

The science that presents scientific study by thinking systematically on priceless ethical human life is called Darshan. Charvak Darshan is literally Bhautikavaada which is believed that whole universe is derived from matter and its energy. Due to being famous in the public, it is also called "Lokayat Darshan". Charvak's views are very simple and easy to follow; therefore, people have gone easily towards them without any teaching. The main purpose of this Darshana is to make a healthy social life free from caste and chronology and other religious virtues by consuming current pleasures. In present manuscript, principles of Charvak Darshan were collected and analyzed in current social, economical and political perspective. Objection on Charvak principles by Maharshi Dayanand are also collected. Conclusion of this study indicates that it is not appropriate to make our egoistic life difficult by engaging in topics such as heaven, reincarnation, religion and wrong doing. It is also good to take credit for the basic needs. It is appropriate to accept man as God. The first objective should be the welfare of the human. Accepting ritualistic virtues in the name of religion is not appropriate. Staying within the realm of the current governance system, we must live a harmonious ideal social life.

11

Authors: Karishma Singh and Gopesh Mangal

In all Ayurvedic texts, the significance of Basti is highlighted as much as to call it half of the treatment or even complete treatment by some Acharyas. Among all the therapeutic procedures, Basti is superior, because it has the ability to produce multidimensional therapeutic effects according to the drug used. There is no therapy equivalent to Basti because it pervades all the three Rogmargas. Many Panchakarma therapies are limited to either Koshtha or externally on joints but Basti alone is the one which spreads to all the channels thus making itself the best therapy. As there has been difficulty in procuring the classical instruments for Basti and as the Bala (Strength) of patients over the period of time has reduced, it has become the need of hour to probe deeper into the subject, so as to revive the ancient techniques on a new platform and understand old principles in a new expressive way.

12

Authors: Abhishek Sharma, Ankush Jagota and Charu Supriya

Introduction:- POST (post operative sore throat ) is a common complaint in patients receiving General anesthesia following Orotracheal intubation, with reported incidences of 21-65 %. Sore throat ranks the most frequent subjective complaint under General anesthesia and is reported between 30% and 70% of patients after tracheal intubation. Though considered as a minor complication, but it may cause significant post operative morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. Various non pharmacological and pharmacological trials have been done for attenuating POST with no single proven modality in modern medicine. In Ayurvedic texts, various number of drugs and preparations have been mentioned under the section of “Kantha Roga Chikitsa Prakaranam’’ for the above complaint. Keeping all in mind, a thorough study was planned to search out for an ideal Ayurvedic preparation for the management of Post Operative Sore Throat (POST) due to tracheal intubation under General anesthesia. A planned study was done on “Khadira Kshaya” to evaluate its importance in treating sore throat caused by tracheal intubation. Materials and methods:- The plan of study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of an ayurvedic preparation consisting of ‘Khadira Kshaya’ as ‘Kawala’ and its potential for use on subjects suffering from ‘Sore throat’ due to tracheal intubation under General anesthesia. In this study we undertook an investigation to find out whether gargling with the trial drug reduces the ‘Post Operative Sore Throat’ (POST) after tracheal intubation. For this proposed work, 20 patients of both sexes with narrow age and weight distribution under ASA Grade-I were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, GroupI and Group-II. Group-I was considered as Control Group and the patients of this group were given ‘saline gargle’ (80ml) post operatively for the management of sore throat. The Group-II patients were considered as Trial group and were provided with Khadira Kshaya (80ml) as a gargle for the post operative management of sore throat.After extubation, patients were assessed for sore throat along with incidence of coughing, hoarsness of voice, pain, difficulty in swallowing etc. and their response towards the trial was also evaluated. Results:- It was clearly observed that In Control Group (Gr.-I), 65.5% relief was observed and in Trial group (Gr.-II), 82.6% relief was observed.

12

Authors: Hanumanth. M. Bagi and Pradeep S. Shindhe

Osteoarthritis is the second most common rheumatologic problem in India and has a prevalence rate of 22-39%. It is well correlated with Janusandhigata vata. Agnikarma with kshoudra, guda and sneha are mainly indicated in the management of pain emerged from gambheer dhatu. The pain management modality which is easy to perform with lesser complications and better rate of success should be the criteria in choosing the management of this disease. Moreover tapta dravas are considered to have more penetrating power than rooksha instruments such as Shalaka. Hence, tapta Guda is taken in the present study, to compare its efficacy with panchaloha Shalaka and its feasibility in agnikarma. Agnikarma with Guda(Jaggery) gives significant results in relieving the signs and symptoms of Janusandhigata vata.

13

Authors: Anju K Bhardwaj, Kamalesh Kumar Sharma and Hetal H Dave

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a diverse and complex female endocrine and metabolic disorder. Estimated global prevalence of PCOS are extremely variable, ranging from 2.2% to as high as 26%. Ayurveda has description of various Yonivyapada like Arajaska ,Asrija, Pushpaghni Jatahaarani etc. PCOS bears resemblance with many of them taken together. Etiology of PCOS is still not clear but it seems that modern lifestyle plays important role in causation of PCOS. Present study was conducted in National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur. Thirty Female Patients belonging to the age group 15 to 40 years were selected for the study and divided into two groups of 15 patients each. Treatment Group was advised Dashamoola Yavagu(Gruel preparation) and Kulattha Yoosha (lentil soup) along with Yoga regimen consisting of Suryanamaskara and Shavasana for duration of 3 months. Control Group received Kanchanara Tvaka Kashaya as oral medicine. Interval of menses, duration of menses, hirsutism, sleep disturbance etc. were among subjective criterias and Pelvic USG to assess number and size of dominant and non dominant follicles, volume of ovary was objective criteria of assessment of outcome in both the groups. Results of the study showed that PCOS patients responds better to Pathyaahara and Yoga with p value <0.001 in majority of criterias .Dietary modification and Yoga can play major role in non pharmaco therapeutic management of PCOS.

13

Authors: Aniket A. Shilwant and Rahul V. Magare

Abstract: Heart (Hridaya) has its own significance in biomedical sciences due to its important function of circulation. Ayurveda and western medicinal science have a remarkable difference in understanding the concept of circulation. Where Ayurveda believes it is circulation of the first two dhatus – Rasa and Rakta, thus the term originates – Rasa-Rakta Samvahana; whereas modern science accepts the circulation of a reddish colored, viscous liquid connective tissue with its formed elements – Blood. Functioning of Hridaya is well coordinated mutually between the efficient working of Tridosha supplying nutrient media to dhatus for proper growth and development of the body. The contraction and relaxation movements of Heart, other properties like auto-rhythmicity can be justified using the Ayurvedic physiological aspects. Efforts for the same are done and highlighted in this study.

15

Authors: Muhsina M, Leena P Nair, Sri.Ramadas PV and Haroon Irshad

Ayurveda advises to follow specific Acharas with a view to maintain the health and to attain longevity. Vyayama is the most important Achara explained in Ayurveda in relation to the modern scenario. It has got its relevance in preventive as well as curative aspects. The desirable comfortable physical activity which brings strength and stability to the body is named as physical exercise. It must be done considering the time, strength, age, etc. improves the endurance and complexion along with the happiness and longevity. Exercise aids in maintaining ideal body weight, metabolizes carbohydrates, increases oxygen supply to all tissues, etc. Avyayama or complete absence of physical activity leads to chronic disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Vyayama is one among the Shamanachikitsas (palliative therapy) which has a major role in managing diseases like Urustambha, Prameha, etc. Asana is one among the Ashtangas (eight folds) of Yoga which also helps in stretch, strain and relaxation of muscles thereby act as both preventive and curative measure.

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Authors: Ashok Kumar Mahato, Rajkumar Chinthala and A.S. Baghel

Introduction: Ayurveda is the life science which deals with every aspect of the individual. It has two main aims i.e. to protect the health of healthy individual and to cure the disease of diseased one. Rasayana is the branch of Ayurveda which is related with the protection of health and longevity. The herbs, herbo-mineral drugs and any activity that maintains the youthfulness and cures the disease are known as Rasayana. The average lifespan of Indian (68.35 yrs) is comparatively lesser than that of the people of growing countries like Japan (83.84 yrs), China (75.99yrs) and United States (78.74 yrs). The aged people are source of inspiration and knowledge for the younger generation and their role is vital in the development of society as well as nation. Hence, it is the need of time to adopt the ancient wisdom of Rasayana in various aspects for the protection as well as maintenance of their health and longevity. Keeping this in view, the present study has been taken into consideration. Materials and Methods: Ayurvedic classics and literature related to Rasayana were thoroughly reviewed, collected, analysed and presented systematically. Aims and objectives: To screen the fundamental aspects of Rasayana therapy along with its benefits allocated in the Ayurvedic classics and allied literature; to explore the practical utility of Rasayana therapy in present era. Discussion: Rasayana are the medicines with quality of forming Ojas. It also tones up of healthy individuals. Rasayana increases natural immunity, enhances general well-being, maintains physiology of the organs in proper way, and delays the ageing. Rasayana increases the immunity power hence one is protected by the infections as increased immunity makes one to fight against the diseases and thereby delays the ageing process. Conclusion: Rasayana therapy provides longevity, increases memory and intelligence, makes freedom from diseases, maintains the youthful age, improves excellence of lusture, complexion of voice, and provides maximum energetic body as well as sense organs. It also creates peace, happiness and love. The present work provides general introduction of Rasayana, its historical review, descriptions available in literature along with the physiological aspects of Rasayana and its relevance in modern era.

6

Authors: Nirma Bansal and Shamsa Fiaz

Chalazion is most common focal inflammatory lesion of eye lid. Currently, available treatment modalities in contemporary science are intralesional corticosteroid injection and surgical drainage. As per Ayurveda, it can be correlated with utsangini that is sannipataja varmagata roga. In this study a 26 year old female patient approached the Eye OPD of NIA, Jaipur with painless multiple nodular swelling and foreign body sensation in both eyes since 2-3 months. History and examination revealed the diagnosis of multiple chalazia. Patient was treated according to treatment principles of granthi by adopting lekana and sodhana procedures because it is also varmagata granthi (utsangini). Patient was treated locally with Netra Parisheka therapy as well as systemically administered shamana chikitsa using various Ayurveda formulations. Remarkable results were observed in the form of improvement in all the symptoms and signs of the disease. Hence, Ayurveda treatment proofed to be effective in the management of multiple chalazia.

7

Authors: Sonia Singla and V K Kapoor

Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae), Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae), Croton bonplandianum (Euphorbiaceae) are traditional roadside plants, majorly found through waste land, open areas, along road side, railway abandoned field in wide open ravines. Thesethree commonly used traditional plants possess immense medicinal properties. Tephrosia purpurea is a poisonous plant, its seeds are used as substitute of coffee beans and use in leprosy, ulcers. The fresh juice of Croton bonplandianum is beneficial in severe headache and use to stop bleeding in cuts and wound. Achyranthes aspera possess anti-inflammatory property and its dry root powder use in severe respiratory problems like cough, asthma. The present study explores the anthelmintic activity of these three plants at three different concentrations i.e., 20, 50, 80 mg/ml against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). Time taken for paralysis and death was determined and the results were compared with that of standard drug albendazole (100 mg/ml). Out of all the three plant leaf extracts Tephrosia purpurea was found to be highly effective and showed dose dependent significant results for paralysis and death.

7

Authors: Jignesha Charel and Jaimin R Patel

Arthritis and related diseases can cause debilitating, life-changing pain in the joints. Vitiated Vata is responsible for joint pain. In some clinical conditions like Amavata(rheumatoid arthritis), Vatarakta (gout) and Sandhigatavata (Osteoarthritis)Raktamokshana (bloodletting) is one of the ancient and important parasurgical procedures described in Ayurveda for treatment of various diseases. In classical texts it is mentioned that if disease is not relieved even after proper treatment of vitiated Dosha, then Raktamokshana should be done considering involvement of the Rakta. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 11 patients having knee joint pain due to OA, RA and Gout were taken from OPD and IPD of P D Patel Ayurveda Hospital between ages from 30-70 years.Jalauka (Leech) were applied to affected knee joint as per described in Ayurveda textbooks. RESULTS: Assessment of pain was done with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain before and after Jalaukavacharana. The mean score reduction in pain is 3 after treatment earlier which was 5.8 before treatment. DISSCUSSION: As per Ayurveda inflammation is because of vitiation of vata and (pitta) raktadusti. Leeches first suck the vitiated blood resulting in reduction in vitiated raktaand also there is removal of srotoavrodha of vatadosha this both changes reduces the pain and inflammation. CONCLUSION: Jalaukavacharana can be an ideal therapy for pain management in inflammatory painful joint disorders commonly due to RA, Gout and osteoarthritis, as it helps not only in reducing pain but also reduced swelling and redness without any side effects.

7

Authors: Ashutosh Kumar Jain, Jinesh Kumar Jain and O.P. Diwedi

Sankramak Roga means communicable diseases and these diseases may be classified into two broad categories first one is “contagious disease” which spread usually by direct contact and second one is infectious diseases which spread indirectly by various means such as; physical, chemical and biological contact. Ayurveda the science of Indian medical system believes that the management of communicable diseases requires consideration of preventive measures rather than curative approaches. Ayurveda literature emphasizes that when Bala gets reduced then possibility of microbial invasion increases which further initiates pathogenesis of Sankramak Roga. Ayurveda also described different modalities towards the management of communicable diseases including cessation of progression, improving immunity and prophylactics care. Modern medical science offers various drugs for the management of communicable diseases however, these drugs suffers with adverse effects like; drug resistance and toxicity. Present article summarized Ayurveda Rog Nidan approaches towards the management of Sankramak Roga.

8

Authors: Sreerag M V

Arshas (Haemorrhoids) and Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano) are the most common diseases occurring in ano-rectal region. Ayurvedic literatures had mentioned about Sastra Karmas (surgical procedures) and Anu Sastra Karma (para surgical procedures) like Kshara Karma, Kshara Sutra & Agni Karma in the management of these diseases. In modern literatures operative techniques like haemorrhoidectomy, fistulectomy and fistulotomy are mentioned. Selection of treatment will always be based on the sites & degrees of Haemorrhoids & extension of fistulous tract. Most of the times surgeons will get cases like Bhagandara or Arshas which will be managed by above said consecutive methods. Arsho-Bhagandara is a rare case in which patient gets suffered with both Arshas and Bhagandara. This case report describe about the successful integrated method for the management of Arsho-Bhagandara. A 53 year old male patient with symptoms of mass per rectum and perianal discharge was diagnosed as Arsho-Bhagandara (prolapsed third degree pile mass and fistula in ano). Patient was treated with integrated surgical methods viz., haemorrhoidectomy for Arshas, partial fistulectomy along with kshara sutra ligation for Bhagandara & Pratisaraneeya Kshara application of post operative wound of partial fistulectomy. Patient got recovery from both diseases within 2 months of follow up.

8

Authors: Rashmi Joshi, Bhanupriya Kaushik, Deepti Negi and Mayank Bhatkoti

Dementia is a condition in which there is some loss of previously acquired intellectual functions. Brain cells destruction is mostly occur in old age which is named as Alzheimer’s disease. The other causative factors for AD is metabolic disorders, infections and toxins. In Dementia there is impaired judgement, difficulty in making decision, memory loss, cognition, language disturbances, aphasia, repetition, calculations. In modern science, only symptomatic management is there which also have some serious adverse effect. Ayurveda considers Dementia as a Vatik disorder which later leads into Smritibuddhihrass. Ayurveda has mentioned some Medhyarasayana, single herbal drugs, Panchkarma procedures, Yoga and Pranayaam which not only act on brain cells but also on whole nervous system. This review article helps to know about dementia in both modern and Ayurvedic aspects, respectively

8

Authors: Jagruti Chaple

BackgroundThe prevalence of anemia is more in young girl students which is primarily due to improper nutrition intake;One of the common reasons for anemia among young girl is the increase prevalence of menstrual bleeding.The objective of our study was to study the anemia prevalence among girls studying in DMIMS. Material and Methods: Crossectional study was conducted among 100 BAMS girl students between the age 18-28 years in Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved Medical College and Research centre,Salod (H), DMIMS Wardha. Informed written consent was taken from the participant students.WHO criteria were taken for determining severity of anemia with determined hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Result: Among the study subjects, 74% (n=100) had anemia as per the WHO criteria. When assessed by WHO criteria of anemia severity, out of the 74% anemic girl students, 58% were mildly anemic and only 16% were moderately anemicand no subject was found severely anemic. Majority of the anemic subjects had mild anemia. Study showed that 15% girl students were having bleeding more than 5 days and 47% subjects with 5 days bleeding during menstruation and 15% students were the victim of irregular menstrual cycle. In 13% students heavy menstrual bleeding was found and 19% students were having low appetite. These were some contributing factors for anemia. No any history was found regarding previous illness. Conclusion: Present study revealed that the anemia prevalenceamong DMIMS health science students to be 74% .The common reasons for anemia among young girls is the increase prevalence of menstrual bleeding and improper nutrition intake.The intervention needed are providing health education on the ill effect of anemia and the life style modification such as eating habits along with nutritional supplementation.

9

Authors: Thakur Vrishali, Nakade Mamta, Gaikwad Pranesh and Changade Jayashri

Avabahuka is Vatavyadhi localizing around the Amsapradesh (shoulder region) & thereby causing Soshan (wasting/weakness) of Amsabandha (Shoulder Complex) as well as Akunchan of Sira at affected site causing symptoms like Bahupraspanditahara (hampers normal activities of the hand). In this disease there is decrease in Shleshak Kapha or dryness of Shleshak Kapha from the affected shoulder joint, due to loss of Shleshak Kapha symptoms like Amsa sandhi Shoola (Pain in Shoulder joint) during movement, Amsa Stabdata (Shoulder Joint Stiffness) etc., are manifested. Ayurveda is having promising results in Avabahuka. Nasya is the important procedure of classical Panchkarma therapy. Bhrimhan Nasya is a type of Nasya which is specially meant for Avabahuka. Sahacharadi Taila is mentioned in ashang hridayam vatavyadhichikitsa adhyaya having sahachar, godugdha and tila taila acts as vatahara, kaphahara, shoolahara, shoothhara etc. Due to these qualities of Sahacharadi Taila it can be useful in treating Avabahauka.

9

Authors: Rakesh Bishnoi and Shamsa Fiaz

Maharshi Sushruta has mentioned 28 types of Karna-Roga in Uttar Tantra and Badhirya is one among them. Badhirya is caused due to the vitiated Vata Dosha or Vatakapha Doshas by deranging or obstructing the Shabdavaha Srotas (pathway of hearing) or Shabdavaha Sira (auditory nerve) or due to negligence of Karnanada etc and gives rise to diminished hearing or incapability of hearing. Deafness is defined as a partial or complete inability to hear. Defect at any level from sound transduction to interpretation can cause hearing loss. Therefore, deafness (hearing loss) can be considered under the caption of Badhirya. In the present study, a review is presented on Badhirya and hearing loss to enlighten the correlation and thus providing an alternative treatment option for hearing loss.

10

Authors: Dhrubajyoti Talukdar and Pankaj Kumar Barman

Complicated skin and soft-tissue infections are presently a commonly found clinical entity due to various reasons like antibiotic resistance, diabetes mellitus, HIV infections, cirrhosis of liver etc. Management of these conditions is a challenging task due to various factors which is even more complicated with emergence of antibiotic resistant cases. There is an important role that can be played by the use of concepts of wound healing present in the Ayurvedic texts mainly Sushruta Samhita which deals with rich therapeutic procedures and drugs used for the same. Along with different types and diagnostic features of wound, Sushruta Samhita discusses sixty types of treatment procedure for wounds which comprises of different treatment modalities including surgical and other methods. There is great scope of these techniques in management of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections in present era.

10

Authors: Nikhil Chandra, Vidya Hirlekar, Sreelakshmi B and Joel Anton

Yakrit is considered as one of the koshtanga in human body. Yakrit is the moolasthana of raktavaha srotas which maintains the quality as well as quantity of rakta .Raktadhatu is formed in yakrit by the action of ranjakapitta on rasa dhatu. Liver being a multiple functioning organ in our body does the function of digestion, metabolism, regulation, detoxification, storage, synthesis and excretion. There is no description of Yakrit vikaras (liver disorders) as a separate entity in Ayurvedic classics only Bhavaprakasha mentioned it as a separate chapter. Descriptions are available in brihatrayis which explains the involvement of Yakrit in several disease conditions such as Pittaja Pandu, Kamala and its types, Yakritdora, Yakrit vidradhi, Raktapitta, Madatyaya and Jwara, yakrit or kalakhanda gets affected.

11

Authors: Suchetta Verma, Shailza Bhatanagar and MuktiMankiMita Singh

Ᾱyurveda is an ancient medical science which is known for its unique fundamental principles. It is a holistic science. It does not merely talks about the treatment of ailments but mulls over the complete health of the individual. The habitat, climate in general and prakṛti, doṣa predominance, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the diseases, dose of drugs, combination of drugs, rules of dietetics are the main areas which should be considered while treating an individual. The line and course of treatment differ from individual to individual. All these factors are summarized under parādi guṇa mentioned by sage Caraka. These parādi attributes are mentioned to be means and modes of success in the management and treatment of diseases. Additionally, regular intake of balanced and wholesome diet, exercise and avoidance of unwholesome food in practice helps in maintaining the health of healthy individual.

11

Authors: Jagdish Kumar Anant and S.R. Inchulkar

Ayurveda is basically the science of life and longevity. In ageing Dhatus get degenerated due to functional and structural modifications. During old age we cannot increase the capacity of Rasadi Dhatus, but they can be preserved and rejuvenated. Ayurveda, is world's most authoritative, mind-body-spirit medicine system, gives us various concepts of the ageing phenomenon. This ancient system of medicine includes remedies for healthy ageing so as to make an optimal health and lengthen one's individual's health span by using Rasayana therapy. Rasayana therapy is a unique therapeutic science to delay ageing process and to reduce the intensity of problems occurring this elderly phase of life. According to concept of Ayurveda the therapy used for promoting and preserving health, increasing strength and life span in a healthy person are called Rasayana therapy. Rasayana therapy maintain the equilibrium of Rasadi Saptadhatu and optimum the power of body and senses to enhance intellect, memory, skin lustre, complexion, bodily glow, voice and generosity and preserve youth age. Only Rasayana therapy is an answer in present scenario to prevent premature ageing and to treat the manifestation due to ageing process; it also ensures healthy life span including mental health and better resistance against various geriatric disease conditions. Rasayana therapy also acts as antioxidants so they inhibit free radicals and delay ageing process. This review article will explore multiple aspects of ageing and longevity with the use of Rasayana therapy in Geriatric care.

11

Authors: Jeevan kumar Giri, Anju Thomas, Pratikshya Majagaiyan, Uma. B. Gopal and Swati S. Bedekar

Background of study: The knowledge of Marma dates back to Vedic period. The references of 107 Marma, its classification, location, dimension, impact of injury etc are available in the literature of Ayurveda. They are classified on the basis of structure, region, prognosis, dimension and number. Vitapa is Adhoshakagata Vaikalyakara Marma of 1 Anguli Pramana. Sushruta opinion Vitapa as Snayu Marma whereas Vagbhata mention it as Sira Marma. Its location, Pramana, structural component and Viddha Lakshana are mentioned in gross. The anatomical structures related to VitapaMarma are not mentioned with respect to its Pramana and Viddha Lakshana. There is a need to understand anatomical component of VitapaMarma on the basis of apparent information available from classical texts. To fulfill the above mentioned needs the conceptual analysis regarding Vitapa Marma is needed. Objectives: To analyse the structural entity of the Vitapa Marma on the basis of mentioned location, Pramana and Viddha Lakshana. Materials and Methods: Literature review regarding the Vitapa Marma (structural and applied aspect related) was done through various authorized text books, journals and published articles, and then the critical analysis was done to evaluate the possible structural entity of the Vitapa Marma on the basis of classical information. Results: The location of Vitapa Marma is in the inguinal region and the structural entity of superficial inguinal ring and structures passing through this opening is Vitapa Marma.

12

Authors: Swati Sharma and Ankur Tripathi

Ayurveda, the most ancient system of medicine not only emphasizes on proper diets and conducts; as a part of treatment of every disease but also considers that improper diets and conducts are the major reasons of several diseases. Mutravaha Srotas is one of the important systems of the body being a detoxifying and excretory organ system, in which role of dietetic and lifestyle modifications play a major role for prevention and cure of diseases. Aim: To provide rich scientific knowledge pertaining to Pathy apathya (Do’s and don’t) in terms of diet and lifestyle for the avoidance and management of certain urinary disorders like Mutrakricchra (Dysuria), Mutrashmari (Nephrolithiasis) and Mutrasthila (BPH). Review result: In spite of being Mutravahasrotogata origin, Mutrakricchra, Mutrashmari and Mutrasthila have different dietetic approach because of different Samprapti but lifestyle approach is almost same. Avoidance of holding natural urges, hygiene and yoga practices are key to prevention of urinary diseases. Conclusion: This review can be route-finder for researchers and clinicians for the prevention of disease and understanding the role of Pathya apathya in disease management. Clinical significance: Encourage and educate community to prevent urinary disorders by means of diet and lifestyles changes.

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Authors: Nirbhay Gupta, Padmakiran C and Rajalaxmi M G

Nasya karma, one among the panchakarma has both preventive and curative effect over the jatruurdhwa parts. Among the diseases affecting the jatrurdhwa pradesha, Vishwachi is one which presents with severe pain and functional disability in the affected bahu(upper limb). Cervicalradiculopathy can be best compared with this. Among the different causes of rediculopathy, cervical spondylosisis most common with most affected age group between fourth and fifth decade. Vishwachi being shula pradhana vatavyadhi, affecting the urdhwajatru avayava, can be best treated with snehana type of nasya karma. Hence, Dashanga taila is selected for nasya karma.So, a single blind clinical study was planned where in 20 patients of cervical spondylosis were subjected to Dashanga taila nasya karma for 7 days.Patients were assessed based on standard parameters before and after treatment and 7 days of follow up.The statistical analysis revealed that, there is statistically significant improvement in parameters like Neck Pain, Radiation of pain, Stiffness, Muscle weakness, Paraesthesia, Grip in hand ,Movement of neck, Tenderness, Neck disability index, Ruk, Toda, S tambha, Bahu kriyahani with p value <0.001. The overall effect of the therapy showed that, 10 % patient had 50-75% of improvement and 5% each had improvement between 76-80% and 80-90%. Hence, Dashanga taila nasya karma is therapeutically effective in treating vishwachi due to cervical spondylosis.

13

Authors: Pallavi Dattatray Nikam, Riddhi Kanakhara, Arjunsingh Baghel, Channappa Rudrappa Harisha and. Vinay J. Shukla

Introduction: Oil of Sesamum indicum L.is one among the most important vegetable oil in medicinal, cosmetic and other industries. Gujarat is the leading state in India producing Sesamum indicum L. and ‘Mrug1’ variety of Sesamum indicum L. is produced in Gujarat. Aim: To evaluate chief pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and nutraceutical parameters of ‘Mrug1’ variety of Sesamum indicum L. Materials and Methods: Seeds of Sesamum indicum L. were collected from farmer of Sumara village in Gujarat state [India] and oil was extracted by expelling method. This study was conducted at government laboratories of pharmacognosy and pharmaceutical Chemistry in Jamnagar and private analytical laboratory, Mumbai. Authentication, standardization and purity tests were done as mentioned in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India; nutritional analysis of oil was done by AOAC method 996.06 and 946.10. Results: Powder of sesame seeds had slightly aromatic odour; prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate was an important findings in powder microscopy. Transverse section of sesame seed showed presence of crystalline bodies on the epidermal region, presence of oil globules and aluerone grains. Chief findings of physico-chemical study are: Acid value= 1.64mg KOH/g) X102 , Iodine value= 113.35g I2/100g, Saponification value=186.6 mg KOH/g. Chief findings of nutritional analysis are Mono unsaturated fatty acid= 42.82g, Poly unsaturated fatty acid= 41.39g, Trans fat acid= Nil, Saturated Fatty Acid= 15.78g, Cholesterol <1.0mg. Conclusion: Mrug 1 variety ofSesamum indicum L.meets the minimum qualitative standards as reported in the API at a preliminary level. The results of this study may be used as the reference standard in related advance research and clinical research.

14

Authors: Sujata P. Dhoke, H.A.Vyas, M. K. Vyas, A.S.Baghel and Shubhangi Kamble

Hair is an important anatomical structure of the body which plays protective function as well as adds beauty to the face. Nowadays Khalitya (Hairfall)is a burning issue as large number of population especially young men and women in present times are suffering from this disease.Present study is aimed to highlight the effective role of Ayurveda drugs. Till date more than 10 research work had been carried out in Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar out of which five PG level clinical researches have been selected for review of this study. The data obtained in clinical studies were compared and arranged in tabular format. BhringarajaoilNasyaalong with the local application provided highly significant resulton the cardinal symptoms like Hairfall, Dandruff, and Dryness of hair. Bhringaraja tablets with local application provided highly significant result in above three and in Itching additionally. The combined therapy of BhringarajatailaNasya and tablet with local application gave the highly significant result in Hair fall and Dryness of hair with significant result in other symptoms. Comparative effect of Nasya Karma with ChandanadhyamTailaa was found to be more effective in reducing Keshpatan than Nasya Karma with YashtimadhukadhyamTailaa. Also the difference between the results was found to be significant. ChandanadhyamTailaa (Group B) is better than YashtimadhukadhyamTailaa(Group A) in one trial. So these trial drugs were found to be effective and safe on Khalitya.

15

Authors: M.R. Kavyashree, A. Harini and S. Vasan Satish

Arka kalpana is one among the Panchavidhakasaya kalpana by lankapati Ravna and it is mentioned in detail in Arka prakasha. It is a classical text written in 16th century by Lankapati Ravana which deals primarily with different types of Arkas (formulations made by distillation) in the management of different diseases. There are 16 Arka kalpana mentioned in this book with Shwasa as one among their indications. Shwasaroga (Asthma) is the chronic conditions that affects the quality of life of the patient. Its symptoms are similar to Bronchial asthma. This review attempts to make a comprehensive compilation of Arkas indicated in shwasa and analyze their actions.

22

Authors: Ankita

Āyurveda is an ancient treasure of abundant knowledge which mainly aims to maintain the health of human beings and to treat the diseases of human beings. It is the science of life.Āyurveda conceives Āyu(life)as a combined state of Śarīra (body), Indriya (senses), Sattva (psyche) and Ātmā (soul). The first two are grosser entities and are very easy to understand while the later two are subtler and difficult to understand as they are beyond the sensory experience. Sattva (mind) is given great importance in the basic definition of health in Āyurveda. Sattvāvajaya Cikitsāis considered one among the threefold type of treatment modules which basically deals with treatment of the psychological component of humans. According to Āyurveda, no disease is purely physical or psychological. Both the components affect each other. It is important to treat the physical symptoms of a patient, but it is equally important not to ignore the psychological symptoms. Caraka Samhitā is the most relevant treatise of Āyurveda pertaining to treatment of diseases. Various authentic revelations are made in Caraka Samhitā regarding Sattvāvajaya Cikitsā. The present paper is aimed to explore the concept of Sattvāvajaya Cikitsāas described in Caraka Samhitā.