Science and Transport Progress

16-24

Authors: B. E. Bodnar, M. I. Kapitsa, O. B. Ochkasov, R. O. Korenyuk

Purpose. In difficult economic conditions, cost reduction of electricity consumption for the needs of production is an urgent task for the country’s industrial enterprises. Technical specifications of enterprises, which repair diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission, recommend conducting a certain amount of evaluation and regulatory tests to monitor their condition after repair. Experience shows that a significant portion of hydraulic transmission defects is revealed by bench tests. The advantages of bench tests include the ability to detect defects after repair, ease of maintenance of the hydraulic transmission and relatively low labour intensity for eliminating defects. The quality of these tests results in the transmission resource and its efficiency. Improvement of the technology of plant post-repairs hydraulic tests in order to reduce electricity consumption while testing. Methodology. The possible options for hydraulic transmission test bench improvement were analysed. There was proposed an energy efficiency method for diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission testing in locomotive repair plant environment. This is achieved by installing additional drive motor which receives power from the load generator. Findings. Based on the conducted analysis the necessity of improving the plant stand testing of hydraulic transmission was proved. The variants of the stand modernization were examined. The test stand modernization analysis was conducted. Originality. The possibility of using electric power load generator to power the stand electric drive motor or the additional drive motor was theoretically substantiated. Practical value. A variant of hydraulic transmission test stand based on the mutual load method was proposed. Using this method increases the hydraulic transmission load range and power consumption by stand remains unchanged. The additional drive motor will increase the speed of the input shaft that in its turn wil allow testing in closer to real conditions as a result of increased load on the hydraulic transmission. Increased load on the hydraulic transmission will help to detect possible defects and hence will improve the quality of transmission repairs.

35-44

Authors: Yu. L. Bolshakov, A. V. Antonov

Purpose. The paper is devoted to the detailed analysis of interrelations at the contact point of friction pair «contact wire – current collector insert». In the work it is necessary: 1) to examine quality of manufacturing of specimens of current collector elements from different manufacturers; 2) to narrow the range of hardness for carbon inserts; 3) to develop a technique of sorting carbon current collector inserts for the structural parameters. Methodology. The executed work was based on the use of the theory of reliability of technical systems and electromechanical processes. Findings. The paper studies the interrelation at the contact point of friction pair «contact wire – current col lector insert», the connection was established between the hardness and electrical resistivity. It is proposed to narrow the range of carbon inserts hardness. The method of sorting coal collector inserts in hardness was developed, and the research has revealed the discrepancy of current collector inserts with existing regulations. It was proposed to equip the pantographs slide with current collector elements using special scheme and to develop a specialized research facility, which will be possible to conduct studies of the interaction of the friction pair «contact wire – current collector insert». Originality. In the course of the study the current collector inserts the sharp structural heterogeneity and fluctuations of the density of the material along the length of the insert were established. The dependence between hardness of inserts and electrical resistivity was established. It was analyzed and concluded about the need to reduce the values of the normal range of hardness. Based on the results of the research, the experimental dependences were obtained and proposed the method for sorting carbon current collector inserts for the structural parameters. Practical value. The obtained results of coal current collector inserts define the need to use method for sorting the coal current collector inserts and the use of a special scheme for equipping pantograph slide. It will allow optimizing their work, knowing the limitations for edges in exploitation and the type of the objective function that should be achieved. The proposed measures can reduce the intensity of the electrical and mechanical wear of materials friction pair «contact wire – current collector inserts». The use of specialized research facility for the study of the friction pair, will allow carrying out the studies to determine the intensity of wear of contact surfaces of the pair of friction and the coefficient of friction at various external factors.

57-64

Authors: V. P. Velinets

Purpose. Calculation of a railway track on the strength is one of the sections of the overall complex research problems of interaction track and rolling stock. This paper describes the experimental study of horizontal transverse stiffness of railway rails with various strands of rail fasteners. Materials of this article should be relevant and will make it possible to calculate the strength of railway track using the correct and corrected performance of horizontal transverse stiffness of rail threads. Methodology. Determination of horizontal transverse rigidity of rail yarns with different designs of rail fasteners was conducted by measuring the quantities of transverse displacement of rails calculation points – namely the head and sole. For research the specialist equipment was created, made up of lineside jack DC-20, equipped with a hydraulic pressure gauge to measure pressure and rigid rod for horizontal rail stop in the thread, the opposite of the jack. Lateral movement of the head and sole of the track were recorded, and measured with indicators of clock type within a few hundredths of a millimeter. The horizontal lateral load on the rail jack was created by the injection pressure in the cylinder which was fixed with manometer into the jack. Load of rails was conducted over 2 tons of degrees ranging from 0 to 8 tons. To obtain reliable measurement results of lateral movement of the head and the base rails, its movement was conducted for each type fasteners not less than in 3 sections. Measurements were carried out without the creation of vertical load. Findings. With the developed method was found transverse displacement magnitude of rails calculation points at different designs of rail fasteners. Originality. The experimental studies were first found the mentioned horizontal transverse stiffness of rail threads in the head and sole of modern designs for different rail fasteners. Practical value. The values of horizontal transverse stiffness of rail threads in the head and sole of modern designs for different rail fasteners that were found by the author make it possible to calculate the strength of railway track using correct and corrected values of these characteristics.

78-87

Authors: R. M. Yosyfovych

Purpose. The paper is devoted to the study and evaluation of residual life for defective rails P50 operated on the roads of the Kyiv subway, which are taken out of service because of defects 11.1-2 on the side of the rolling surface of the rail head. Methodology. The studies were performed with the use of experimental methods: testing of samples of defective rails in the cyclical strength of the pulse machine and testing of defective rails in the static load limit on the hydraulic vertical press. Findings. The performed experiments indicate that on the tests basis in 2 million cycles is only a small development (increase in size) 0.5-0.7 mm of existing code defects 11.2 as a result of shedding the particles of crumble out metal on the side of the rails head of working prototypes. The intensity and the catastrophic development of defects, such as 11.2, or transformation of these defects in defects such as 21.2 or 30G.2 did not happen in any case. Originality. For the first time in Ukraine with the theoretical calculations substantiated the greater possibility of defects formation of contact fatigue origin in the form of spall and jag of metal on the surface of the rail, at the edge of the head. It is the result of the creation of a high degree of stress nonequilibrium compression in this area, due to the high values of principal normal stresses and appearance of large shear stresses in the body of the head at a depth of 2.5-3.5 mm, exceeding the yield strength and metal endurance. The tests of experimental prototypes of defective rails on high cycle endurance (based № = 2,1h10 cycles) with periodic defectoscopic control were conducted. Practical value. In experiments, the new data of the resistance ability to spall rail defects on the surface of the head of rolling on the code 11.1-2 long-term cyclic loading equal to operational magnitude at the wheel load test of 2 million cycles was obtained. That is, the defective rails can have residual life of not less than 30 million. t. gross.

101-109

Authors: V. S. Loveikin, Yu. O. Romasevich

Purpose. It is necessary to select modes of motion to reduce the dynamic loads in the mechanisms. This choice should be made on optimization basis. The purpose of research is to study methods of synthesis regimes of mechanisms and machines motion that provide optimal modes of movement for terminal and integral criteria. Methodology. For research the one-mass dynamic model of the mechanism has been used. As optimization criteria the terminal and comprehensive integral criteria were used. The stated optimization problem has been solved using dynamic programming and variational calculation. The direct variation method, which allowed finding only approximate solution of the original problem of optimal control, has been used as well. Findings. The ways of ensuring the absolute minimum of terminal criterion have been set for each method of problem solving. The stated characteristics show softness changes of kinematic functions during braking of mechanism. They point to the absolute minimum of adopted terminal criterion in the calculation. Originality. It is necessary to introduce new variables in the system equations during the solving of optimal control problems using dynamic programming to achieve an absolute minimum of terminal criteria. In general, to achieve a minimum of n-order terminal criterion an optimization problem should find relatively (n+1)-th order function. When optimization problems is solving by variational calculation in order to ensure a minimization of n-th order terminal criterion by selecting the appropriate boundary conditions, it is necessary to solve the Euler-Poisson 2(n+1)-th order equation (subject to symmetric setting boundary conditions). It is a necessary condition for an extremum of the functional with the (n+1)-th order integrant. Practical value. Minimizing of adopted terminal criterion in the calculation allows eliminate the brunt in kinematic gearing of mechanisms, which increases their operational life. In addition, the reducing of the acceleration increasing intensity of system driving mass (for example, rotor of electric motor) allows reducing undesirable energy losses in a drive.

118-126

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, O. H. Reidemeister, A. L. Pulariia, V. O. Kalashnyk

Purpose. The vast majority of passenger car fleet of «Ukrzaliznytsia» have cars with outlasted service life. In this regard there is a need to find methods to justify the extending useful life of passenger cars and to assess the car body frame residual life conformity to the operating load for the next life time. Methodology. The selection of cars enforced technical diagnostics of cars to detect the level of corrosion and mechanical damage. The following steps provided the car body frame strength analysis on the basis of experimental static and impact strength tests, the longitudinal force effect endurance tests as well as assessment and forecasting of conformity of car body operating life for the next period. Findings The car survey before testing showed that the technical condition of sleeper cars (SSC) is better than that of open-type cars (SOC). So, in SSC cars the thinning of the main load-bearing elements due to corrosion does not exceed 10%, there are no cracks, deformations, rack breakages, etc. At the same time in SOC cars the thinning due to local corrosion reached 35%. There are deformations and corrosion damage of side sill Zshape of both cars, single corner post breakages, damage to the joints of longitudinal tie rod and span bolsters. The conducted static and impact strength tests with following strength assessment of the car structural members showed that the strength of the latter is provided according to the normative documents, and these cars pose no threat to traffic safety. The impact endurance tests showed that all the cars passed the endurance tests without damage, which would prevent from testing and could not be removed during the next depot repair or overhaul, and had life length that allows them to extend the useful life for the next period. Originality. The results of experimental studies show that passenger cars after 28 … 30 and 33… 35 years of operation meet the requirements of strength and safety in accordance with regulatory documents and allow, provided the impact endurance, reasonable extending of the car service life. Practical value. The part of the car fleet, which was to be written off based on the service life, may extend lifespan without additional measures.

134-148

Authors: A. O. Shvets, К. I. Zhelieznov, А. S. Аkulov, О. M. Zabolotnyi, Ye. V. Chabaniuk

Purpose. The analytical study of the connection between the longitudinal force, acting on the light-weight car, lateral and vertical forces of interaction in the contact zone «wheel – rail» with the lift resistance factor value is to provide a simple relationships between them. Methodology. Research was conducted by the method of mathematical modeling of loading the freight car when driving at different speeds on straight and curved sections of a track. Findings. Even in the absence of «lift» accordingly the classical train stability theory, as the hinge-rod system, the presence of the longitudinal compressive forces may become a factor provoking cars derailment. The main reason of wheel climbing on rails is the combination of processes of dynamic interaction between the hunting vehicle and the track with simultaneous action of longitudinal compressive forces, and not the destabilization of train as a hingedrod system. To assess the impact of the longitudinal forces value on the lift resistance factor there are presented the calculation results for the empty gondola car motion, model No. 12-532, on 250 m radius curve with 150 mm rise and cross starting of car underframe relating to the track axis in 50 mm guiding section. The calculations were made in such a curve excluding the inertial forces from outstanding acceleration and taking into account the unbalanced acceleration with the permissible speed of 65 km/h. Originality. This study provides the technique of determining the lift resistance factor by longitudinal forces, which is somewhat different from the standard one, as well as evaluates impact of rolling stock speed on this factor. Practical value. The authors clarify the current method of determining the lift resistance factor by longitudinal forces and assess the impact of rolling stock speed on the value of this factor. From these studies one can conclude that because of cars hunting their lift is possible even when the train as hinge-rod system does not lose stability. The developed proposals allow reducing the number of car derailment by taking into account important parameters and characteristics during the process of calculation and design that increase their stability in the rail track especially in case of increased speed of freight trains.

164-143

Authors: V. V. Pristinskaya

Purpose. On the Railways of Ukraine a very large number of slab tracks are operated with cracks. Many scientific works of previous years are dedicated to improving the design of slab tracks. The main causes of defects are: poor exploitation of the track; insufficient physic-mechanical characteristics of concrete; poor quality of initial materials. It is therefore necessary to develop an optimum concrete mix for the manufacture of these concrete products. Methodology. To assess the impact of individual factors and effects of their interactions on properties of concrete mix and concrete method of experimental and statistical modeling was used. At this, methodological fundamentals of mathematical experiment planning in concrete technology and modern methods of optimization of composite materials were taking into account. Based on the obtained data during the planned experiment conducting, including15 studies and using the computer program MathCad, were obtained the regression equations, which describe the relevant physical and mechanical properties of concrete. On the basis of the equations with the help of computer program MATLAB R2012b the graphs were drawn, illustrating the dependences of system response from the changes of two factors at a fixed value of the third factor. Findings. Firstly was the analysis of cracks that occur in the process of operation in the constructions of slab tracks. Further reasons of possible occurrence of these cracks were presented. In the process of the conducted research the author has concluded that for rational concrete mix development it is necessary to conduct the planned experiment with the use of quality materials. It was established that to increase the strength, chemical additives should be added in to concrete mix, it will let reduce cement amount. Originality. Experiments proved the usage of modern chemical additives in order to improve the properties of concrete. Models were developed, reflecting characteristics of concrete strength. With their help one can optimize concrete composition. Practical value. Research proved that the usage of more sustainable concrete mix for production of slab tracks will increase their strength, and with it the reliability of these designs mechanical properties.

183-197

Authors: T. О. Kolesnykova, I. A. Kliushnyk

Purpose. Publication of scientific periodicals in the Universities is very important and necessary element in the infrastructure of scientific communication. The aim of the article is: 1) providing a new model of publication system of the University scientific periodicals (on the example of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan – DNURT); 2) studying the peculiarities of the «Library publishing» model (Library Publishing) and library as a new participant in the publication of world scientific periodicals of the University; 3) description of the developed software automation typesetting of scientific articles and their integration into international databases of scientific and technical information. Methodology. The scientists investigated: 1) the system of publication of scientific periodicals at DNURT; 2) integration system of electronic versions of periodicals and individual articles of scientists from DNURT into the world scientific databases; 3) publishing activity of the scientific and technical library of the University. Findings. The authors proved the need for the fast updates in each higher education institution of Ukrainian management system of scientific periodicals and the creation of the periodicals development concept. The conditions for the occurrence of positive changes in the publishing process in Universities were determined and named as a new participant in these processes – University library. The list of new tasks inherent in the scientific periodicals of the Universities was presented. The software product «Digital designer» was created as a new applied information technology solution to extend the functionality of the basic system information of the publication according to its editorial policy. Originality. The scientists studied the transformation process of the organizational structure of scientific periodicals publishing in the Universities of Ukraine and the world. It is proved that in today's conditions for the University publishers of scientific periodicals transition to a new model of publication system of the University scientific periodicals is the most rational, a feature of which is the rejection of purely printing and the introduction of hybrid model of publication. This model assumes that traditional print products is complemented with a form of «Epub ahead of print» (e-publication before printing) using the journal's website as an operational channel for the dissemination of publications. Practical value. The Universities transition to the new model system for the publication of scientific periodicals, modern concept formation of the scientific journal, creation of relevant software tools (e.g. automation of typesetting the scientific articles and the integration of publications in the database of scientific and technical information) will allow improving the quality of journals and their competitiveness at the international level.

16-24

Authors: L. V. Martseniuk, Yu. M. Proskurnia

Purpose. In highly developed countries, railway tourism is very popular, through it the tourists can comfortably and within their financial capacity to travel all around the world. Ukraine has faced with the problem of significant reduction of the tourist volume flows, aging of fixed assets, lack of investments on their renewal, reduction in passenger traffic and a sharp drop in people income. The purpose of the article is to justify the development of railway tourism in Ukraine. Methodology. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research is built on analysis of problems to ensure the competitiveness of the tourism industry in the area of passenger transportation, theoretical principles of economic science in the field of railway tourism efficiency and management of tourist flows. The authors suggest the development of railway tourism in Ukraine. In particular it concerns the introduction of new services in the field of tourism, management of tourist flows and others. The attention is focused on the development of the internal railway tourism. Findings. As a result of the assigned tasks the following results should be achieved: improving the image of Ukrainian railways; creation of an attractive investment climate for the greater involvement of investments into the tourism, engineering, transport and municipal infrastructures; improving the safety of tourists; ensuring effective protection of their rights, legitimate interests and property maintenance. Originality. The authors justified the need and potential of rail tourism on the territory of Ukraine taking into account the experience of foreign developed countries. Рractical value. Researchers presented theoretical generalization and new solution of scientific tasks. It manifests itself in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of railway tourism. Rationally applied measures of proposed by the authors ways of tourist flow management will significantly increase the revenues to the state budget from tourism.

40-52

Authors: B. Ye. Bodnar, M. I. Kapitsa, A. M. Afanasov, D. N. Kyslyi

Purpose. In modern conditions of rolling stock operation, the actual vital task is the increasing the efficiency of its use by reducing the cost of energy, including for the traction. It can be achieved by the way of locomotives power control systems creating, in particular the use of operating cards and on-board software and hardware. Methodo-logy. The article discusses ways of starting and acceleration of the train. Traction calculations with the definition of energy-efficient trajectories provide the search of a rational consumption of energy with time of running trains. When selecting energy saving train trajectories and the development of operating trains of reference cards, it is necessary to consider the variables such as: the profile area, weight of the stock, series of the locomotive and others. When the transmission power from the primary power equipment to the driving wheel pairs the inevitable losses that are described by the efficiency factor occur. For the most part of the locomotive elements the dependences of the efficiency factor are described by the nonlinear equations. Getting the energy-saving function of traction control at starting and acceleration to reduce the specific consumption of energy by improving the algorithm for calculating the trajectories of multiple trains was considered. The method of selection of energy-efficient trajectories at dispersal trains and power control electric and diesel locomotives with electric transmission which bases on the mathematical methods for evenly search and parametric optimization was offered. Findings. For the variables of the train situation and rolling stock was built two-parameter functional dependence of the power control locomotive and analytically determined the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Originality. In the work result the authors received the power saving function of traction control, which depends on the mass of the rolling stock and slant. In contrast to existing development of rational management of trains, this function requires much less computer time with a high accuracy of the calculations, which makes it possible to incorporate it into the onboard control system of the locomotive and energy savings. Practical value. Experimentally established algorithm, which is part of the on-board software package definition of energy-saving modes of conducting trains, will contribute to the reduction of energy expenses.

66-74

Authors: V. P. Litvinenko

Purpose. Under modern conditions the applying methods and design models as well as the evaluation of the operational characteristics of diesel engines do not completely take into consideration the specifics of the combustion processes. In part, such situation is characterized by the complexity of considering of varied by its nature processes that haven’t been completely investigated. In this context it is necessary to find the new methods and models which would provide relatively simple solutions through the use of integrated factors based on the analysis of parameters of diesel engines. Methodology. The proposed algorithms for the estimating of the combustion process in the form of volumetric and linear velocities is based on the well-known parameters of power and mean effective pressure and allows to compare the efficiency of their behavior in various versions of diesel engines. Findings. The author specified that the volumetric / linear velocity ratio is characterized by some strength and depends on the geometric dimensions of the cylinder-piston group. Due to the assumptions it has become possible to consider the operation of a diesel engine as a system comprising: 1) the subsystem that provides the possibility of obtaining the thermal energy; 2) the subsystem providing the thermal energy transformation; 3) the subsystem that provides the necessary diesel engine power depending on terms of combustion of air-fuel mixture. Originality. The author of the paper proposed the indices of volumetric and linear combustion velocity of air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder, that allow to obtain the comparative value in different modifications taking into account the possible choice of optimum ratio. Practical value. The usage of indices of volumetric and linear velocities of the combustion processes in the engine cylinder combined with a mathematical model will simplify the method of diesels calculating. Parametric indices of the mentioned velocities will provide the following effective researches in diesel engine design as well as the evaluation of their loading during the operation.

84-96

Authors: M. B. Kurhan, D. M. Kurhan, O. F. Luzhytskyi

Purpose. The intersection of highways and railways in one level – railway crossing, is a zone of increased danger for rail and road transport. Nearly half of all crossings are available on the main directions of passenger transportation. From this comes the problem of maintenance and service locations of intersection roads and railways. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the processes of emergence and development of inequalities in the area of railroad crossings and identify the factors that cause them. Methodology. The presence of derogation from the plan and profile within the railway crossing and approaches to it reduces evenness of riding and passenger comfort. Today, there are various possibilities for shooting natural geometry of a railway track. For research on a large number of areas during long service life, the tape of a track measuring car remains the most convenient. However, this tool is directed to assess the state of the railway line and does not determine the exact geometrical position. When trying to determine valid outlines of the track inequalities on track measuring tape, some difficulties arise. Findings. Performed statistical analysis showed a steady trend of growth of inequalities in the area of the railway crossings. Generally, the level of inequalities in the vertical plane increases in1.3−3.2 times and in 1.2−2.0 times in the horizontal plane (compared with areas that are outside crossing). During the deflection lines of action in the area of railroad crossing concrete slabs work as ribs that limit deflections of rail-tie grating. When placing the wheels of the bogie before (or after) and within crossing the calculated modulus of elasticity under the rail base, brought to the point of wheels contact can vary up to 3 times. Originality. Issues of the assessment and investigation of inequalities on track started to be developed. The resulting statistics on inequalities accumulation gauge in the zone of crossing were obtained. Analytical research changes in the characteristics of stress and deformation of the track at the site of the conclusion of the railway crossing were presented. Practical value. Obtained results will be useful for measures to improve the evenness riding of trains and increase the comfort level of passengers.

107-114

Authors: I. O. Vakulenko, A. G. Lisnyak, O. M. Perkov, Xu Xiao Hai

Purpose. The research supposes the explanation of influence of stress impulses from an electrical discharge in water on the level of the limited endurance at a cyclic loading of the thermally work-hardened carbon steel. Methodology. Material for research was steel 45 (0,45 % carbon) with сoncentration of chemical elements within the limits of steel composition. Specimens for tests are made as plates in 1 thick, width 15 and length 120-180 mm. The structural state of steel corresponded to quenching on a martensite from the normal temperatures of annealing and tempering at 300C, duration of 1 h. Microstructure was investigated with the use of electronic microscopy, the density of dislocations was estimated on the methods of X-ray analysis. Hardness was measured on the method of Rockwell (scale of «C»). A cyclic loading was carried out in the conditions of symmetric bend on a tester «Saturn-10» at a temperature +20C. The treatment by shock voltage from the electrical discharge was carried out in water on setting of bath type «Iskra-23», used for cleaning of castings manufactures. Electric impulses were formed at 15-18 kV with energy of 10-12 kJ and amplitude of 1-2 GPа. Findings. As a result of processing pulses of a pressure wave of heat-strengthened steel 45 found the increase of endurance under the cyclic loading corresponds to an increased amount of accumulated dislocations on the fracture surface. The use of Coffin–Manson Equation allowed finding the decrease of deformation per cycle of loading as a result of arising stress from an electrical discharge in water. On the fracture surface (after pulse exposure) was found the increased number of dislocations, located in different crystallographic systems, that is a testament to the rather complicated development of dislocation transformations in the structure of steel, which provide an increase of endurance at a fatigue. The increase of the limited endurance became as a result of impulsive treatment largely related with the number change of mobile dislocations. For the area of low-cyclic fatigue the growth of amplitude of loading is accompanied with the decrease of distinction in the values of the limited endurance (before and after the treatment of shock voltage). Originality. For the field of high-cycle fatigue, the result of shock voltage of carbon steel with the structure of the improvements, the increase of limited endurance is accompanied with a decrease in deformation per cycle. As far as growth of amplitude of stress cycle the effect of increase of endurance from treatment of metal by the shock voltage declines. Practical value. Treatment of metal by the impulses of pressure waves from an electrical discharge in water can be used for the time extending of exploitation details of the rolling stock, which are subjects of the cyclic loading.

123-131

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz, L. M. Bondarenko, K. Ts. Hlavatskyi, K. O. Sokol

Purpose. The value of drive resistance to its movement is the main parameter at calculating the drive power of bridge crane. The value of the wheel rolling friction on the rails is one of the important parts of the resistance to movement. It is necessary to determine the dependence of static (dynamic) quantities of resistance to the bridge crane movement on a straight section of the track from the position of the bogie in the span, and explore the influence of the wheel flanges resistance for wear. Methodology. Using the analytical dependences for determining the rolling friction coefficient, that depends on the size of the half-width of the contact between the wheel and rail, the improved method for calculating the required drive power of the crane was proposed. Findings. With the proposed method of power calculation the characteristic curve of the crane wheel loads, the coefficient of rolling friction of the wheels and the crane resistance to movement from the position of the bogie on span were built. In the result of graphs analysis it was found that the engine power, obtained by the proposed method is higher than the recommended by the existing standards. The more precise formula for determining the total coefficient of sliding friction that takes into account the friction of wheel flanges on the rail is given. The characteristic curves of such coefficient of friction and the total resistance to movement of the position of the crane bogie were built. Originality. The scientists proposed an improved method of determining the required engine power of bridge crane, which takes into account the effect of rolling friction of the wheels on the rails and the bogie in the span. The improved formula for determining the coefficient of friction that takes into account the friction wheel flanges of the rail was given. The characteristic curve of this coefficient of friction and the total resistance movement of crane from the position of the crane bogie were built. Practical value. The application of the proposed method of determining the driving power of the crane allows determining its value more precisely, taking into account the impedance of the rolling friction of the wheels on the rails with a flanged on the rails. This approach enables better selection of elements of the mechanism of the bridge crane movement.

141-149

Authors: O. H. Reidemeister, O. A. Shykunov

Purpose. In the paper it is proposed to find methods of structural reinforcement of a side frame of a bogie in areas of stress concentration (the compound zone, the corners of the pedestal jaw opening, etc.), where, as the experience of operation shows, it is possible the emergence of fatigue cracks. It should avoid a significant increase in weight of the structure and does not cause «overflow» areas with a lot of stress from one portion of the structure to another. Methodology. The stresses in the side frame are determined by finite element modeling. Firstly parts of structure that is subject to be strengthened are detected. At the next stage the possible ways of enhancement are developed (wall thickness increase, change of fillet radii, introduction of additional truss plate, etc.). After which according to the results of simulation the effectiveness of each method is evaluated. Amplification of individual sections of the side frame does not always lead to its hardening as a whole (stress decrease in one place often leads to stress increase in the other one). The further procedure is iterative in nature: best-case changes are entered in the design of the frame; weakened areas of construction again are revealed and so on, till to the achievement an acceptable level of safety. Findings. Directional iterative search allows finding a combination of local amplification that increasing significantly the strength of structure. Namely, radius of the transition from the column to the support surface and in the openings between the column and the inclined belt up to 40 and 50 mm are increased respectively; truss plate are added between the upper and lower shelf of Triangel guide and on the inner guide of jaw aperture; technological area of the aperture in the column is reduced by one-third. Due to the proposed stresses combination, voltages in construction were reduced by 41%. Originality. The efficiency of the iterative search procedure of local amplifications combinations in design of the side frame that let significantly increase its strength without a significant increase in weight is presented by scientists. Practical value. Obtained results give the possibility to increase significantly the strength of the side frame in the three-piece truck without any noticeable change in its geometrical and mass characteristics.

160-168

Authors: V. V. Kachurenko, D. O. Bannіkov

Purpose. The work sets forth the search results of new, more efficient design solutions for metal silos, namely, the analysis of existing types of profiles cross-section in a steel wall of such silo and development of less material-intensive section of corrugated profile.Methodology. To achieve the set goal there were researched the existing types of capacitive structure profiles and their strain-stress state under the load. The analysis was performed on the results of computational experiments. The prototype object was mathematical computer models. The calculations were made using the finite-element method. For computational experiment there was used the design-computing system Structure CAD for Windows. Findings. In this work there were obtained the data allowing to assess work of the profiles and to find more effective type of cross-section in terms of its material consumption. In the process of joint study of the authors a new type of profile for capacitive structures was developed; it has higher utilization efficiency and the attachment point of individual steel sheets with this type of profile. Both solutions are easy to install, reliable in operation and can be manufactured in the conditions of modern industrial production using standard equipment, materials and components. Originality. A new type of corrugated profile cross-section for steel silo walls was proposed; it has higher load carrying capacity and rigidity and allows reducing the metal thickness without changing the structure carrying capacity that results in material consumption reduction of the whole structure.For this and similar types of profiles there was designed and proposed the attachment point of individual corrugated sheets screwed with extending flange, which enables the unit connection in case of small size corrugations, where the distance is not sufficient to accommodate the bolt cap between the individual corrugations. Practical value.Application of the proposed solutions can increase efficiency, manufacturability and maintainability of steel silo wall structures.The results obtained during the research show promise for further development of research on finding new and more economic solutions for corrugated steel silo wall design, as well as other ways to reduce material consumption of bulk material storage structures.

180-194

Authors: Y. Y. Luchko, V. V. Kovalchuk, O. S. Nabochenko

Purpose. This research is aimed to: 1) calculation of equivalent forces caused by rolling stock in winter and summer seasons at different parameters of the irregularities of railway track; 2) research of bearing capacity of corrugated metal constructions (CMC) in terms of development of plastic hinge in the top of the metal pipe due to irreversible residual deformation of the vertical and horizontal diameters of the pipe. Methodology. The calculation of equivalent forces is carried out according to the method of calculating the railway track on strength and stability. Further a mathematical algorithm was developed in the software environment of Mathcad 14, with which the calculations were made about the formation of a plastic hinge at the top of the pipe for different values of the irregularities of the railway track and the degree of compaction of soil backfill. In these studies, the calculations were carried out at the design value of the compaction degree of soil backfill and magnitude of dynamic loading on railway rolling stock. Findings. Analysis of multivariate calculations of testing the condition of occurrence of plastic hinge at the top of the pipe arch has revealed that the first plastic hinge, which occurs in the set of CMC is revealed only when there is a simultaneous unfavorable influence of two factors (causes). These are the factors: the assumption of the development of the track irregularities out of the allowable values without the implementation of measures to eliminate or limit the speed of trains (the first cause); reduction of compaction of soil backfill below the 90 % (the second cause). In case of absence of one of the causes the origin of the plastic hinge will not happen. Originality. It was the first time, when the bearing capacity of corrugated metal construction with large diameter (more than 6 m) with account of factors complex: the degree of compaction of soil backfill, the magnitude of the dynamic loads from rolling stock by the criterion of plastic hinge development in the metal pipe when the occurrence of residual deformations of the vertical and horizontal diameters of the CMC was investigated. Practical value. The obtained results of the bearing capacity of corrugated metal constructions (like horizontal ellipse of cross-section) can be used by engineers of Bridge building stations of Ukrzaliznytsia, Ukravtodor and design organizations, which are engaged in the design of corrugated metal constructions with a diameter of more than 6 m.

23-33

Authors: V. G. Kuznetsov, P. O. Pshinko, I. V. Klimenko, A. V. Gumenyuk, S. M. Zahorulko

Purpose.The purpose of the paper is: (1) the definition of perspectives development of Ukrainian railway tourism on the narrow gauge lines of Zakarpattia; 2) technical condition analysis of Borzhava narrow gauge railway for the project to restore the effective functioning of mountain railways track, width 750 mm in the Carpathian region, with the possibility of their accession to the distributed travel network; 3) the study of the modern state and tendencies of development of tourist industry of Ukraine and the passenger economy of national railways; 4) clarification of the role and place of the railway tourism in the transportation system. Methodology. The expert group has carried out field inspections and field investigations of facilities track facilities and passenger infrastructure, rolling stock and ancillary industries involved in the functioning narrow-gauge railway. It was estimated the overall technical condition of the railway track and engineering structures section of narrow-gauge Railways in the Carpathian region. Findings. In the framework of on-site examinations of the expert group found that the objects of tracks, passenger and freight infrastructure, rolling stock and ancillary industries involved in the operation of narrow-gauge Railways are in poor condition and require significant updates and major repairs. But the routes of passenger trains remain fit for participation in the project of development of railway tourism of Ukraine Originality. For the first time the state of the narrow-gauge railway for further implementation of the project on the development of rail tourism in Ukraine was realized. The analysis of foreign experience of organization of railway tourism has been carried out. The modern state and tendencies of development of tourist industry of Ukraine was studied, the factors of competitiveness of rail transport for providing tourist transport in Ukraine were identified and systematized.Practical value. The recovery and effective functioning of mountain railways with a width of 750 mm in the Carpathian region will give an impetus to the tourism development, engineering, construction and energy. At the same time, these actions will allow us to finally implement a scientifically-based effective flood control measures that will protect the population from natural environmental disasters.

44-56

Authors: Yu. S. Barash, Kh. V. Kravchenko, M. F. Zianchuk

Purpose. In the scientific paper a methodical approach concerning determining the infrastructure component of the costs for traffic of the particular passenger train should be developed. It takes into account the individual characteristics of the particular train traffic. Methodology. To achieve the research purposes was used a method which is based on apportionment of expenses for the traffic of a particular passenger train taking into account the factors affecting the magnitude of costs. This methodology allows allocating properly infrastructure costs for a particular train and, consequently, to determine the accurate profitability of each train. Findings. All expenditures relating to passenger traffic of a long distance were allocated from first cost of passenger and freight traffic. These costs are divided into four components. Three groups of expenses were allocated in infrastructure component, which are calculated according to the certain principle taking into account the individual characteristics of the particular train traffic. Originality. The allocation method of all passenger transportation costs of all Ukrzaliznytsia departments for a particular passenger train was improved. It is based on principles of general indicators formation of each department costs, which correspond to the main influential factors of operating trains. The methodical approach to determining the cost of infrastructure component is improved, which takes into account the effect of the speed and weight of a passenger train on the wear of the railway track superstructure and contact network. All this allows allocating to reasonably the costs of particular passenger train traffic and to determine its profitability. Practical value. Implementing these methods allows calculating the real, economically justified costs of a particular train that will correctly determine the profitability of a particular passenger train and on this basis it allows to make management decisions on amendments to the existing schedule. Also, the cost of using the infrastructure for a particular train and its profitability can be determined with the help of PC due to this method.

71-86

Authors: O. V. Agarkov, R. M. Yosufovuch

Purpose. In the research one should do: 1) to determine a 3-d stress-strain state of the rail head in contact with the rolling wheels; 2) to analyze different forms of contact interaction; 3) to obtain the data necessary to calculate the durability of railway track rails. Methodology. The basis for calculating the 3-d stress-strain state is the finite element method. The basis for calculating the volume of the stress-strain state is the finite element method. The problem was solved in the elastic 3-D conditions. Real geometrical bodies parameters were used during the solving. Findings. The calculation of the 3-d stress-strain state of the rail head in contact with the rolling wheels for various cases of the contact surfaces geometry is performed. The results of calculation are presented in the graphic and tabular form. The comparison of different options contact conditions is performed. The results are analyzed and conclusions about the optimality conditions of contact interaction are made. Originality. The results of the calculation showed that within the criterion of minimizing the contact stresses in the rails P50 for the conditions specific to the direct contact route section, the use of rolling wheels with a profile according to the drawings of CJSC «MINETEK» is not the most rational decision. The most rational in this case, among the considered is the laying of rails in track with gradient 1:20 and the use of the wheel with the rolling surface profile of 1:10 conicity. The lack of rail gradient eliminates the benefits of the wheel running surface with 1:10 conicity, and a case of contact interaction is the least rational. Practical value. The results of analysis of the contact interaction of the rail head with a rolling stock wheel in a three-dimensional elastic formulation for different conditions of contact interaction were obtained. These data can be used to optimize the conditions of contact interaction and scientific substantiation of the causes of defects of the contact fatigue origin in the railway railhead. The presented models can be upgraded, including the residual stresses in the rails, hardening of the surface layer, and the presence of initial defects as a result of imperfections in the manufacturing process and others in the calculations.

99-109

Authors: D. M. Kurhan

Purpose. The work provides a theoretical research about the possibility of using methods that determine the lifetime of a railway track not only in terms of total stresses, and accounting its structure and dynamic characteristics. The aim of these studies is creation the model of deformations accumulation for assessment of service life of a railway track taking into account these features. Methodology. To simulate a gradual change state during the operation (accumulation of deformations) the railway track is presented as a system that consists of many particles of different materials collected in a coherent design. It is appropriate to speak not about the appearance of deformations of a certain size in a certain section of the track, and the probability of such event on the site. If to operate the probability of occurrence of deviations, comfortable state of the system is characterized by the number of breaks of the conditional internal connections. The same state of the system may correspond to different combinations of breaks. The more breaks, the more the number of options changes in the structure of the system appropriate to its current state. Such a process can be represented as a gradual transition from an ordered state to a chaotic one. To describe the characteristics of the system used the numerical value of the entropy. Findings. Its entropy is constantly increasing at system aging. The growth of entropy is expressed by changes in the internal energy of the system, which can be determined using mechanical work forces, which leads to deformation. This gives the opportunity to show quantitative indication of breaking the bonds in the system as a consequence of performing mechanical work. According to the results of theoretical research methods for estimation of the timing of life cycles of railway operation considering such factors as the structure of the flow of trains, construction of the permanent way, the movement of trains at high speeds was developed. Originality. For the first time to simulate the accumulation of deformations of railway tracks this figure as the entropy of the system was used. Practical value. Analytic dependences have been brought to practical techniques that make it possible to analyze the track sections with different designs or with different operating conditions in terms of deformation accumulation.

121-131

Authors: O. M. Patlasov, S. O. Tokariev

Purpose. Across the track superstructure (TSS) there are structures where standard approach to the decision on the future of their operation is not entirely correct or acceptable. In particular, it concerns the track sections which are sufficiently quickly change their geometric parameters: the radius of curvature, angle of rotation, and the like. As an example, such portions of TSS may include crossovers where their component is within the so-called connecting part, which at a sufficiently short length, substantially changes curvature. The estimation of the position in terms of a design on the basis of the existing technique (by the difference in the adjacent arrows bending) is virtually impossible. Therefore it is proposed to complement and improve the methodology for assessing the situation of the curve in plan upon difference in the adjacent versine. Methodology. The possible options for measuring horizontal curves in the plan were analyzed. The most adequate method, which does not contradict existing on the criterion of the possibility of using established standards was determined. The ease of measurement and calculation was took into account. Findings. Qualitative and quantitative verification of the proposed and existing methods showed very good agreement of the measurement results. This gives grounds to assert that this methodology can be recommended to the workers of track facilities in the assessment of horizontal irregularities in plan not only curves, but also within the connecting part of switch congresses. Originality. The existing method of valuation of the geometric position of the curves in the plan was improved. It does not create new regulations, and all results are evaluated by existing norms. Practical value. The proposed technique makes it possible, without creating a new regulatory framework, to be attached to existing one, and expanding the boundaries of its application. This method can be used not only for ordinary curves, but for very short sections, the curvature of which changes abruptly to its opposite value.

142-152

Authors: N. V. Khalipova

Purpose. In the paper the question of the development of a methodological approach to the determination of logistics systems’ performance and grounding of the most effective goods’ delivery schemes, based on the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, vector optimization approaches and discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes (phase method) is considered. Methodology. To achieve the goals of the research, the model of logistic system represented by multiple object that defined by the structure and content. The object is represented by hybrid superposition, composed of sets, multi-sets, ordered sets (lists) and inhomogeneous sets (sequences, corteges), which at each stage of cargo delivery present sets of technological operations of their processing, choices and decisions algorithms. Multiple structure of objects is constructive three, consisting of the carrier, signatures and axiomatic. To determine the effective scheme of delivery, applied discrete maximum principle using vector optimization criterion. Findings. In this article, logistics system of delivery is presented in the form of a multi-stage (phase) of the process. Each stage reviews a plurality of discrete activities sets, which includes the possible technology cycles of operations in goods handling. At each stage of a multi-phase delivery process from the supplier to the consumer, these sets are different. Considered a model example solving the problem of vector optimization options for delivery of goods by the road in the international logistics system for the five-step process. Optimization performed on the basis of three indicators. Originality. In this paper, the choice of the most effective way of delivery goods produced using the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, using the discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes, based on the vector optimization criterion. At each of its stages are formed a plurality of valid solutions as discrete sets of technological cargo handling operations cycles. Practical value. The proposed approach to the modeling of logistic delivery goods systems on the basis of the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, vector optimization approaches and discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes (phase method) makes it possible to assess the efficiency of delivery in logistic system’s modeling. The choose the most effective delivery option, based on vector optimization criterion become more possible.

163-174

Authors: N. Ye. Naumenko, I. Yu. Khyzha

Purpose. The development of high-speed railway traffic requires the updating of requirements for the design of passenger rolling stock and revision of safety standards on emergency situation of trains with an obstacle. To the construction crews of the new generation demands by equipping them with passive crash systems, ensuring the safety of passengers and personnel in an emergency situation. In order to refine test scenarios train collision with an obstacle and evaluation indicators of energy absorption of the collision of the passive protection devices which are used in computer modeling. The first step in the research of dynamic processes in the train when excessive shock effects, is to assess the maximum values of the compressive forces generated in intercar compound trains, locomotive and cars which are equipped with passive safety systems.Methodology. Based on the concept of passive protection of passenger rolling stock for track with width of 1520 mm on emergency situation the conceptual passive safety system for passenger trains with locomotive traction are formed from the crews of the new generation was proposed. The passive safety system is recommended to be equipped both the locomotive and cars. For a preliminary assessment of compliance for the passive safety system of a passenger train on emergency situation, as a rule, the simplified discrete-mass model is used, in which the train is considered as one-dimensional chain of rigid bodies connected by nonlinear deformable elements. Findings. The algorithm for computing efforts in the inter-connections of the train locomotive traction of the permanent formation is developed, taking into account the specifics of work of coupling devices, devices, energy absorption and elastic-plastic properties of the body structure of crews at emergency situation. Originality. The proposed algorithm allows taking into account the peculiarities of train locomotives of the new generation and the work of the inter-connections in the study of dynamic processes in train in case of emergency situation with an obstacle on the railway track. Practical value. Developed algorithms for computing the efforts of the interaction of the crews of passenger trains with locomotive traction, equipped with passive safety systems that can be used in mathematical modeling of test reference collision scenarios of trains with obstacles for improvement of passive safety systems in the design phase of the passenger rolling stock of new generation.

190-197

Authors: K. K. Miroshnychenko

Purpose. The use of traditional processing methods to obtain a homogeneous fiber reinforced concrete does not ensure the creation of high quality, homogeneous construction materials. This study aimes to develop (with the use of geometric simulation of different variants of the working parts of faucets, ensures effective mixing of building structures from concrete. Methodology. The complex of theoretical research allowed formulating the design principles of resource-saving technologies of production of particulate-reinforced compounds with high performance properties. Using the geometric simulation developed different versions of the blades of the working bodies of mixers with the complex geometric shapes, providing excellent mixing of the the fiber-reinforced fine-grained material. Findings. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at developing the fundamentally new approaches to the preparation (mixing) of fiber-reinforced concrete with different types of fibers and the manufacture of products from them, the author obtained some results. Namely the technology of preparation of fiber-reinforced concrete using telescopic design mixers with effective blades of complex shape was developed. Application of the developed blades allows obtaining a homogeneous fiber-reinforced concrete composition. Due to the high quality of mixing the time of preparation of the mixture reduces. This factor reduces the repair costs of equipment and electricity. Originality. The author developed the design of the mixer with the working body of the telescopic type with blades of complex shape. Practical value. The use of the proposed technology of mixing a particle-reinforced material with the use of the mixer with a working body of a telescopic design with blades with complex geometric shapes provides the high uniformity of fiber-reinforced concrete composition. The author proposed technological methods of production, allow expanding the scope of fibroareolar fine-grained concrete significantly.

205-212

Authors: A. V. Radkevych, K. M. Netesa

Purpose. This paper is devoted to the definition of the most rational technique of reliability evaluation of facade systems of multistoried residential buildings with using the experience of buildings construction and operation abroad. The subject is also focused on defining the parameters of materials and facade systems, the improvement of which can increase the reliability and durability of facade systems of multistoried residential buildings, as well as cut the cost of their operation. Methodology. A comparative analysis of the operating experience of various types of facade systems in Ukraine and abroad based on the data of different authors was conducted. The analysis of the impact of external factors on facade systems with the subsequent comparison of methods for assessing the reliability of facades according to the criteria stated in the Eurocode was carried out as well as the selection of parameters that determine the reliability and durability of facade systems. Findings. Authors have performed researches of evaluation methods of organizational and technological reliability and durability of modern facade systems. It was identified the cause of the failure of facade systems. It is offered the ways of materials improvement of facade systems, and constructional and organization-technological decisions on the structure of facade systems. Methods of increase of reliability and durability of front systems were defined. Originality. The most rational technique of reliability evaluation of facade systems considering requirements of Eurocode in questions structural design was defined. Practical value. Improvement of evaluating methods for organizational-technological reliability of facade systems of multistoried residential buildings will predict more accurately the lifetime of enclosures. Using the methods described in the Eurocodes, to determine the reliability and durability of the facade systems will provide the general criteria for the building structures design in Ukraine and Europe, as well as facilitate the exchange of experience in the construction and operation of buildings between the countries of Europe. An analysis of the causes of failures of facades enables to determine the directions of improving the properties of the materials used for the manufacture of facade elements structures as well as engineering and technological solutions of applied facade systems.

27-35

Authors: V. I. Shcheka

Purpose. Еlectromagnetic processes in «contact network-rails-earth»system should be researched for the purpose of electromagnetic compatibility rail circuits with traction power supply system providing and improving traffic safety on railway transport. Methodology. The methods of scientific analysis, mathematical modeling, experimental investigation, scale modeling have been applied to achieve this goal. Findings. Conducted theoretical and experimental investigations, indicate that electromagnetic processes in the «contact network-rails-earth» system in nearest zone in frequency range up to 1 MHz and it give us an opportunity to consider, that electromagnetic field of hindrance consists of two components: electric and magnetic. Each of them has its own mechanism to influence the rail circuits. In consequence of research the theoretical and experimental dependences of electromotive force induced in wire-receiver from the hindrance current frequency have been received. The frequency graph of relative error according to data «theory-experiment» has been received. The adequacy by Wilcoxon criterion of mathematical model to experimental data has been proved. Originality. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of magnetic influence between two contours gives us a concurrence in frequency range up to 1000 Hz with average relative error 2, 33 %. With hindrance current frequency one can observe certain increasing the average relative error between calculated and measured values of electromotive force induced in the wire-receiver. Practical value. The adequacy by Wilcoxon criterion of mathematical model to experimental data has been proved on significance level 5 %. It gives an opportunity to use this mathematical apparatus for the investigation of electromagnetic processes in lines with plenty of wires and in «contact network-rails-earth»system in range up to 1000 Hz. The obtained results can be useful in designing, researching and providing electromagnetic compatibility of rail circuits with traction power supply system.

45-57

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko, A. I. Verlan, O. V. Horbova

Purpose.This article aims to improve the evaluation of irregularity of freight transport and calculated volumes determination of work for railway stations and sidings of industrial enterprises. Methodology. The methods of mathematical statistics are used as research methods for estimation of calculated volumes of traffic and loaded traffic, in particular, the methods of time series analysis; the methods of mathematical modeling are used to evaluate the calculated volumes of empty traffic. Findings. Calculated volumes of the main-line and industrial railway stations activity are determined according to the monthly and daily irregularity. Monthly irregularity is proposed to evaluate against the trend of the indicator over the last 3-5 years, constructed using the method of weighted moving average. The 30-day period in the previous year with the largest total amount of work is proposed to use as the calculation period for the assessment of daily irregularity. The computation size of empty traffic volumes is proposed to be determined on the basis of loaded traffic volumes with the probability matrix of cars usage for dual operations. The proposed method is verified by the work volume calculation for the year 2014 according to previous time periods. The test results showed that the proposed method as compared with traditional one provides higher stability of the results when changing time periods, used for analysis, as well as a more accurate assessment of the calculated volumes of work. Originality. Authors have improved determination methods for the calculated volumes of work to railway stations through the using time series analysis methods. Practical value. The proposed methodology allows assessing more accurately the prospective volumes of work and, through this, reduce the amount of capital expenditures associated with the development of stations and operating costs associated with their operation. The method can be used to improve the governing and methodological documents regulating the design and development of technological processes of the main-line and industrial railway stations.

77-87

Authors: O. O. Matusevych

Purpose. The study provides the methods and models development of reducing damages of traction energy systems (TES) at electrified railways of Ukraine. Definition the indicator of preventing damage evaluation TES at electrified railways is necessary. Paper is aimed to search the modern methods and approaches to improve the system of TES monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance. Methodology. To achieve this purpose a study of foreign experience and publications that focus on problem-solving quality of TES using a linguistic approach based on the theory of fuzzy multiple numbers and linguistic variable were done. Findings. In result of research an algorithm to reduce TPS damages which operates under uncertainty was developed. It is found that the solution of this problem is possible by timely detection of actual technical condition of equipment in terms of quality maintenance, diagnostics and update resource of electrical equipment traction substations (TS) power supply TES. The study examined the fuzzy inference scheme, which is based on the use of mechanisms to minimize the area of decision-making. It contributes not only to structural identification in the process of developing a database, but also can significantly improve the efficiency of finding the parameters of fuzzy model, which in turn reduces the efforts that are necessary for the analysis and the design of effective control systems maintenance and repair (M and R) TES. Originality. For the first time the algorithm of reduction the damage of traction energy system of electrified railways of Ukraine was offered. The mathematical model of reduction the damage calculation of TES from TP power equipment failures by improving system maintenance (M and P) was developed. Firstly evaluation index was proposed to prevent the damage of traction energy system. Practical value. The article describes the fuzzy inference scheme, which is based on the use of the mechanism to minimize the area of decision-making and contributes not only to structural identification in the process of developing a database, but also can significantly improve the performance of determining the parameters of fuzzy model. Implementation of this approach comes to the determination of the main stages, features and optimal justification of quantitative and qualitative requirements for system M and R of TS. It will be done with allowable costs for improvements to reduce TPS damage and address the equipment of traction substations in working condition in terms of growth rates and volumes aging (compared to the current speed and volume of updates).

97-106

Authors: K. O. Soroka, D. A. Lychov

Purpose. The calculation methods improvement of the electric vehicle curve movement and the cost of electricity with the aim of performance and accuracy of calculations improving are considered in the paper. Methodology. The method is based upon the general principles of mathematical simulation, when a conceptual model of problem domain is created and then a mathematic model is formulated according to the conceptual model. Development of an improved conceptual model of electric vehicles motion is proposed and a corresponding mathematical model is studied. Findings. The authors proposed model in which the vehicle considers as a system of interacting point-like particles with defined interactions under the influence of external forces. As a mathematical model the Euler-Lagrange equation of the second kind is used. Conservative and dissipative forces affecting the system dynamics are considered. Equations for calculating motion of electric vehicles with taking into account the energy consumption are proposed. Originality. In the paper the conceptual model of motion for electric vehicles with distributed masses has been developed as a system of interacting point-like particles. In the easiest case the system has only one degree of freedom. The mathematical model is based on Lagrange equations. The shown approach allows a detailed and physically based description of the electric vehicles dynamics. The derived motion equations for public electric transport are substantially more precise than the equations recommended in textbooks and the reference documentation. The motion equations and energy consumption calculations for transportation of one passenger with a trolleybus are developed. It is shown that the energy consumption depends on the data of vehicle and can increase when the manload is above the certain level. Practical value. The authors received the equations of motion and labour costs in the calculations focused on the use of computer methods of numerical integration. The calculation expenses are reduced. The accuracy is improved; provided possibility to consider different parameters influencing the motion. A certain environmental effect can be achieved by orientation calculation methods for the practical development of the process charts of the movement of electric vehicle funds in different operating conditions at a constant change of filling the interior of the vehicle.

118-128

Authors: D. M. Kurhan

Purpose. On the basis of theoretical assumptions and experimental studies the paper provides the choice of the factors for the formation of dynamic load on the track of modern rolling stock in the conditions of high-speed. This results in a calculation method of determining a vertical force which acts on the wheels on the rails. Methodology. The current trend of development of transport networks is the introduction to Ukrainian railways speed, and in the future – high-speed, passenger trains. Fundamental structural changes in these trains, and a significant increase in speed results in a need to revise the calculation methods of action of rolling stock on the railway track, the ratio of the standard deviations of various dynamic forces, assess the impact of different factors for different speeds. In the work investigated the change in the dynamic load on the results of experimental measurements. Findings. The dependences of the average and the calculated forces on the speed of modern passenger trains were obtained. Using factor analysis of variance obtained numerical characteristics of the influence of different factors on the value of the vertical force acts on the wheel rail and the degrees of influence of various factors on its deformation were determined. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical research, the necessity of revising the methodology for determining the estimated power for practical calculations the way to strength in terms of passenger trains at high speeds was grounded. Originality. On the basis of theoretical research and analysis of statistical data of experimental measurements it was found that the main factor driving the dynamic vertical force component for modern passenger trains are the vibrations of the «wheel-rail» system or so-called «dynamic wheel passing the rough ways». Practical value. Existing methods of calculating the dynamic component of the vertical forces need such indicators as the reduced mass of the way. The obtained results in the study indicate that a parameter is artificial and can only be used for low speeds at the level of static calculation schemes.

137-144

Authors: I. A. Vakulenko, Yu. L. Nadezhdin, V. A. Sokyrko, Xu Xiao Hai

Purpose. It is determining the nature of the ferrite grain size influence of low-carbon alloy steel on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations. Methodology. The material for the research served a steel sheet of thickness 1.4 mm. Steel type H18T1 had a content of chemical elements within grade composition: 0, 12 % C, 17, 5 % Cr, 1 % Mn, 1, 1 % Ni, 0, 85 % Si, 0, 9 % Ti. The specified steel belongs to the semiferritic class of the accepted classification. The structural state of the metal for the study was obtained by cold plastic deformation by rolling at a reduction in the size range of 20-30 % and subsequent recrystallization annealing at 740 – 750 ° C. Different degrees of cold plastic deformation was obtained by pre-selection of the initial strip thickness so that after a desired amount of rolling reduction receives the same final thickness. The microstructure was observed under a light microscope, the ferrite grain size was determined using a quantitative metallographic technique. The using of X-ray structural analysis techniques allowed determining the level of second-order distortion of the crystal latitude of the ferrite. The speed propagation of acoustic vibrations was measured using a special device such as an ISP-12 with a working frequency of pulses 1.024 kHz. As the characteristic of strength used the hardness was evaluated by the Brinell’s method. Findings. With increasing of ferrite grain size the hardness of the steel is reduced. In the case of constant structural state of metal, reducing the size of the ferrite grains is accompanied by a natural increasing of the phase distortion. The dependence of the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations up and down the rolling direction of the ferrite grain size remained unchanged and reports directly proportional correlation. Originality. On the basis of studies to determine the direct impact of the proportional nature of the ferrite grain size on the rate of propagation of sound vibrations in the low-carbon alloy steel. The directly proportional nature of influence of ferrite grain size on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations in low-carbon alloy steel on the basis of the conducted researches is defined. The paper is shown that at increasing in the size of the recrystallized ferrite grain the degree of influence the texture from the previous cold plastic deformation by rolling increases. Practical value. The received results on nature determination of influence of ferrite grain size on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations can be the useful by development of techniques of non-destructive testing of metal materials quality. The special value the specified technique of measurement acquires in the conditions of line production of metal constructions.

162-175

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz

Purpose. A drive behaves to the basic elements of scoop band elevators. To determine the drive power calculations are carried out according to standard methods, which take plenty of time. It is necessary to conduct the analysis of influence of project characteristics on the parameters of high-speed drive in a scoop bent elevator and to build the improved algorithm of speed-up determination of its drive power on project descriptions, that will take into account the type of load, rise height, necessary productivity, standard parameters of scoops and tape. Methodology. Using parametric dependences of elevators drive power on its project characteristics, received by the author earlier, the improved algorithm of speed-up determination of elevators high-speed drive power with deep and shallow scoops at set type of load, productivity, rise height was offered. Findings. The algorithm of drive power speed-up determination of high-speed vertical elevators with deep and shallow scoops depending on project parameters was offered. The example of such algorithm application is considered for an elevator that is intended for transporting of cement. Analytical dependences of drive power of such elevator are determined on the productivity and rise height. Corresponding graphic dependences were built and character of drive power changes during the size changing of any project characteristics was determined. Originality. The improved algorithm of drive power elevator determination at the given project characteristics (type of load, rise height, productivity) that takes into account standard sizes, parameters of scoops and ribbons, was built at first time. Practical value. The use of an offered algorithm of calculation gives the possibility of relatively fast determination of reference value of high-speed elevators drive power with deep and shallow scoops, to build graphic dependences of drive power on the values of the productivity and rise height at the certain type of load, that assists the quality selection of his basic elements at certain project descriptions, such algorithm gives an opportunity to save time on calculations in the process of elevators planning.

186-198

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, N. Yu. Naumenko, O. M. Markova, H. M. Kovtun, V. V. Maliy

Purpose. The paper is devoted to dynamic characteristics evaluation of the locomotive with prospective design and determination the feasibility of its use on the Ukrainian railways. Methodology. The methods of mathematical and computer modeling of the dynamics of railway vehicles, as well as methods for the numerical integration of systems of ordinary nonlinear differential equations were used to solve the problem. Findings. The calculated diagram of a locomotive on three-axle bogies was built to solve the problem, and it is a system of rigid bodies connected by various elements of rheology. The mathematical model of the locomotive movement, allowing studying its spatial vibrations at driving on straight and curved sections of the track with random irregularities in plan and profile was developed with use of this calculated diagram. At compiling the mathematical model took into account both geometric (nonlinearity profile of the wheel roll surface) and physical nonlinearity of the system (the work forces of dry friction, nonlinearity characteristics of interaction forces between wheels and rails). The multivariate calculations, which allowed assessing the dynamic qualities of the locomotive at its movement along straight and curved sections of the track, were realized with the use of computer modeling. The smoothness movement indicators of the locomotive in horizontal and vertical planes, frame strength, coefficients of vertical dynamics in the first and second stages of the suspension, the load factor of resistance against the derailment of the wheel from the rail were determined at the period of research. In addition, a comparison of the obtained results with similar characteristics is widely used on the Ukrainian railways in six-axle locomotive TE 116. The influence of speed and technical state of the track on the locomotive traffic safety was determined.Originality. A mathematical model of the spatial movement of a six-axle locomotive with prospective design, taking into account the peculiarities of its design was developed. Evaluation of dynamic characteristics at the carriage movement along a track of arbitrary shape was made. Practical value. The developed mathematical model of the six-axle locomotive movement can be used at conducting research on development of advanced locomotives designs.

208-214

Authors: K. M. Pererva

Purpose. This paper is a study of innovative methods of learning and teaching English with the help of Internet resources and students motivation to seek the necessary information at homework. Methodology. The main principle of the Web-Quest as a type of English language teaching is to motivate students. For example, by participation in the Web-Quest students, who were unsure of their knowledge, become more confident. Having clear goals and objectives, using computer skills, motivated young people more actively acts as a confident user of English. Findings. According to the technology of We-Quests students were asked to create one or more projects directly related to the successful execution of the work. It is a significant result of all the hard work of students, and it is the subject of evaluation. Evaluation is an essential component of Web-Quest or any other project, and from this point of view, the criteria should be clear and accessible to students from the very beginning. These instructions can and should be changed in order to differentiate and provide an oral presentation and written work. Originality. Basically, Web-Quests are mini-projects in which a higher percentage of the material obtained from the Internet. They can be created by teachers or students, depending on the type of training work. The author detailed the increase of possibilities in the search of Internet projects with other creative types of student work. They may include: review of the literature, essay writing, discussion of read works and other. Practical value. The paper confirmed that the roles and tasks, reflecting the real world, invites to cooperate, stimulate and train the thinking process at a higher level. That is why the use of Web-Quests can improve the language skills of the educational process (reading for information extraction, detailed reading, negotiations, oral and written communication, and other).

39-57

Authors: S. Yu. Buryak, V. I. Gavrilyuk, O. O. Hololobova, M. O. Kovryhin

Purpose. Development and implementation the points system diagnostics that would allow determining remotely the current state of turnout with all possible faults, gradual and sudden failures, damages, and in real time to report about their appearance. Methodology. State diagnostics on the values analysis of turnout main parameters is proposed to carry out with the help of a computer and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Connecting measurements performance is advisable to produce to a shunt ammeter, installed in the working circuit of the point feed panel. ADC converts the analog signal of lost volts at the shunt into digital form and transmits it to a computer which stores the received data on its own recording medium for their further processing and storage. There is special software that is capable to reconnect signal and construct its temporal characteristic as well as decompose it on the spectral components. Using it one can analyze the obtained data, which allows diagnosing state of points upon change the nature, values and composition of the current curve. Findings. The computer diagnosis method was confirmed in practice for possible indications of problems that are associated with both the mechanical part of the turnout and the electrical part of it, while controlling parameters such as the amount of current normal transition, when working on frictions, the duration of the transition, properly adjusted headset and attachment points, the state of the motor. Originality. The use of computer technology in the diagnosis of the state of turnouts during their operation to monitor the current values of technical indicators, analysis and storage for all types of electric switches with different types of engines both DC and AC occurs through digitization and recording signal from measuring shunt of point feeder panel. Practical value. The proposed method enables timely, still in the early stages of defect parts, damages or failures of nodes mechanisms to detect and eliminate them. In addition, it reduces the load on the electrical engineers during schedule maintenance. The introduction of a diagnostic analysis of the turnout using computer technology will allow defining the appearance of faults in the early stages of their formation and preventing development the difficult avoidable damages or necessity for their complete replacement.

65-76

Authors: T. I. Rusakova

Purpose. The paper examines the question of creation a mathematical apparatus for estimation the ecological situation in case of accidents on township roads (explosions). First of all the development of numerical model to calculate the level of air pollution in the emission of toxic chemical, taking into account meteorological parameters of the environment. Identifying areas where the maximum allowable concentration of this pollutant (in this case, ammonia) is exceeded and favorable areas for the population. Methodology. The developed method of numerical calculation of the air pollution concentration in case of toxic chemical (ammonia) was used, which is based on the coordinated decision of the hydrodynamic task and task of the pollutants transfer in the atmosphere. Hydrodynamic solution is based on the method of discrete vortices with the different geometry of buildings and their relative position, and solution of the task about transfer the pollutant is based on convection-diffusion equation of pollutant transfer using implicit difference schemes. Findings. Several computational experiments were made on the base of the developed numerical model.As a result of the calculations the vortex structures were obtained, which are formed in the flow around buildings; the velocity field of the wind flow around buildings and picture of the streamlines in the flow were come out; the concentration of the toxic chemical (ammonia) in research domain was calculated; the comparative analysis with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for this pollutant were made; the regularities of changing the ammonia concentration from different sides of the building were determined. Originality. A numerical model that allows visually reconstructing and analyzing the flow pattern, the presence of dead zones, areas of reverse flow at different geometry of buildings and their relative position that influences the distribution of pollutant in the atmosphere was calculated. Practical value. The obtained results will allow evaluating the level toxic shock to persons in case of accidents (explosions) on township roads with taking into account the influence of the buildings geometry on the hydrodynamic flow structure and dispersion of pollution.

88-96

Authors: T. V. Butko, O. M. Horobchenko

Purpose. The efficiency and safety of locomotive control improving is important and relevant scientific and practical problem. Every driver during the trains-handling bases on his experience and knowledge, that is why the compilation and detection the most efficient ways to control the locomotive-handling is one of the stages of measures development to reduce transportation costs. The purpose of this paper is a formalization process description of locomotive-handling and quality parameters determination of this process. Methodology. In order to achieve this goal the theory of fuzzy probabilistic graphs was used. Vertices of the graph correspond to the events start and end operations at train-handling. The graph arcs describe operations on train-handling. Graph consists of thirteen peaks corresponding to the main control actions of the engine-driver. The weighting factors of transitions between vertices are assigned by fuzzy numbers. Their values were obtained by expert estimates. Fuzzy probabilities and transition time are presented as numbers with trapezoidal membership function. Findings. Using successive merging of parallel arcs, loops and vertices elimination, the equivalent fuzzy graph of train-handling and the corresponding L-matrix were obtained. Equivalent graph takes into account separately activity of the driver during normal operation and during emergency situations. Originality. The theoretical foundations of describing process formalization in driver’s locomotive-handling activity were developed using the fuzzy probabilistic graph. The parameters characterizing the decision-making process of engineer were obtained. Practical value. With the resulting model it is possible to estimate the available reserves for the quality improvement of locomotive-handling. Reduction in the time for decision-making will lead to the approximation the current mode of control to the rational one and decrease costs of hauling operations. And reduction in the time for the emergency situations identifying will lead to the traffic safety increasing through the implementation of measures of early response to danger.

105-115

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko, M. I. Berezovyi, V. O. Balanov, V. V. Zhuravel

Purpose. The article is devoted to the development of estimation methods of time reserves that should be formed at the train schedule and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains, required to ensure the sustained interaction of technological processes of industrial enterprises and railways for the transportation of freight on schedule. Methodology. The paper considers the issues of bulk conveyance organization between industrial enterprises on schedule. In order to ensure the arrival of trains at the destination station to the specified time, the schedules of rolling stocks turnover must have some time reserves. These reserves, in their turn, should be sufficient for correction action of destabilizing factors. The methods of mathematical statistics were used to study the schedule performance quality of separate trains. Currently the movement of the main part of freight trains is performed on preparedness and occupation processes of separate schedule train paths by some depots are not fixed. Therefore, the analyses of the schedule performance of freight trains do not allow receiving the material for research. And, due to the lack of statistical material on the punctuality of the schedule for the movement of freight trains, research of the passenger trains movement with subsequent dissemination of results on freight movement were carried out by the authors. Findings. The research proved that the trains arrival at the destination station according to the schedule should be ensured by permissible rating of delay as well as increase the operating time of trains and running intervals. The values of the additional time reserves that should be included in the schedule of trains, and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains to provide conditional interaction of railroads and industrial enterprises in Ukraine were proposed. Originality. On the basis of the research development graph methods of trains turnover, providing transportation of goods on schedule were improved. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for the technical-and-economic calculations of transition effectiveness of industrial enterprises for maintenance on schedule as well as in the development of schedule on the initial stages of testing technology.

129-135

Authors: V. V. Mikhailenko, S. A. Аbdulaiev, V. V. Ernst, V. V. Chupak

Purpose. This work is directed on study of the electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semiconductor commutators. It is necessary to develop the new mathematical models of functions determination and algorithmic equations for analysis of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of the variable structure. To research the mathematical models with semiconductor commutators and sections, in which sine, constant and pulsed voltages appear. Methodology. The mathematical model of the semiconductor converter with electromechanical load was created for achievement the purpose in view. It is shown that appearance of nonlinear element complicates powerfully the problems of the calculation and studies appearing in circuits of the electromagnetic processes. The most complications appear in circuits of the variable structure, in which sine, constant and pulsed current arise under the action of appropriete voltages. Findings. The new mathematical models of the electromagnetic processes were designed in three-phase electric circuit of the semiconductor converters with multiserver zoned regulation of phase voltages (without losses in semiconductor commutators) for quick estimation the load parameters influence on level and form of the output voltage. Originality. The method of multi-parameter functions was developed. The last are included in algorithmic equations for analysis of formed and transition processes in network with semiconductor commutators and reactive elements, in the considerations direction of phase to neutral voltages usage in the power circuit. It is motivated that use of the multi-parameter modulating functions method in electric circuit of variable structures is expedient if in their sections there are not more than three independent reactive elements. The new mathematical model of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of the semiconductor converters, modulation type with multiserver zoned use of phase to neutral voltages in three-phase network of the power supply was developed. At that energy loss in commutators were not taken into account. Such mathematical model was created for quick estimation the influence of parameters load on controlled features of sine and constant voltages. Practical value. New scheme technical solutions of semiconductor commutators with high-frequency impulse relative time regulation of output voltage when change parameters load in a wide range were created. It has allowed raising the speed of the electro technological systems. The increase in speed methods of regulation and determinations the energy efficient mode parameters of semiconductor commutators of the electro technological systems were developed. The new methods of analyzes of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of semiconductor converters, modulation type with constant output voltages and with miscellaneous types of modulating influence.

146-156

Authors: N. P. Nastechik, I. O. Bondarenko, R. V. Marcul

Purpose. To date, there is a tendency for the implementation of high-speed trains on the territory of the Ukrainian Railways, which requires increasing the strength and stability of the construction of the railway track. At the same time requirements for intermediate rail fastening have increased and widened. It is on trackwork and repair of the rail fastening labor costs during the operation are from 10 to 18%. One of the main types of fastening, which after long operational observations was included in the permanent operation (5 th. km.) is an intermediate fastening, type КПП-5. Data from previous theoretical studies reliably prevented clear science-based answers and results of the rail fastening. Therefore, the aim is to develop a methodology and rationale for the theoretical research work of rail fastening, type КПП-5 with a detailed assessment of the appearance of stress state places in its elements from the effects of rolling stock. Methodology. The basis of study methods of theoretical research work of the intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 (with a detailed assessment of the state of stress in its intermediate elements from the effects of the rolling stock) is the theory of finite elements method (FEM). Findings. Using the FEM it was found that one of the main elements of the intermediate rail fastening, which first perceives share of the value of the lateral force transmitted from the effects of rolling stock are elastic type terminals, type КП-5. Analyzing the data set, the bars in the terminal voltages at the inner side of the rail thread 53,1-56% are greater than the stresses on the outside of rail thread. Originality. A mathematical model of railway track with intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 under the action of rolling stock for the study of the stress state in the elements of fastening was developed. This mathematical model let take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the test elements and geometrical fixing fastenings as constructive and operational characteristics of the entire rail fastening in general. Practical value. The obtained results in this work of FE simulations allow reflecting and exploring the most likely places of the stress state appearance in the elements of the fastening, type КПП-5, in which damages and defects can be in the future. This in general will affect the operation stability of the railway track as a whole.

168-179

Authors: L. K. Polishchuk, R. D. Iskovych-Lototskyi, O. O. Koval

Purpose. The aim is to study the effects of conditions and duration of working of structures arrows of a clamp-forming machine on mechanical properties of the material and its stress corrosion cracking under tension. It is necessary to improve the accuracy of resources analysis of boom metalwares of lifting and transporting machines. Methodology. Samples for experimental investigations were made of the elements of arrow continued exploited clamp-forming machine where there were major work stress. Centers of greatest efforts in elements of arrows constructions were determined in its 3D model in the analysis of the stress cards by finite element method. Experimental studies were performed at the facility UVP-6, which determined the characteristics of strength and ductility of samples of two types by means of tensile strain, speed 10-5 s-1 and 10-6 s-1 in air and in the environment of synthetic rain. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope. Findings. Experimental studies found that after long-term operation of arrow of clamp-forming machine material of its most loaded elements changed due to characteristics of strength and ductility. At joint action of corrosion environment and the greatest stress on the surface of the material expressions, point defects are appeared. They are concentrators of local mechanical stress, which reduce the resource construction elements of the arrow. Originality. 1. Firstly set patterns of changes in the mechanical properties of continued operated metal construction of arrow of clamp-forming machine made of St. 3; 2. Received further developed methodology for remaining resource estimation continued operated of metal boom lifting and shipping the machine by taking into account joint action vibration and dynamic loads and corrosive environments. Practical value. Determination the residual resource of continued operated boom lifting and transporting metal machines should be carried out taking into account the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material as well as the dynamic nature of the load. The obtained regularities on changes of mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking under tension of an arrow material will contribute to increase evaluation accuracy of fragility of residual resource of load carrying steel structures. baseline'> in air and in the environment of synthetic rain. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope. Findings. Experimental studies found that after long-term operation of arrow of clamp-forming machine material of its most loaded elements changed due to characteristics of strength and ductility. At joint action of corrosion environment and the greatest stress on the surface of the material expressions, point defects are appeared. They are concentrators of local mechanical stress, which reduce the resource construction elements of the arrow. Originality. 1. Firstly set patterns of changes in the mechanical properties of continued operated metal construction of arrow of clamp-forming machine made of St. 3; 2. Received further developed methodology for remaining resource estimation continued operated of metal boom lifting and shipping the machine by taking into account joint action vibration and dynamic loads and corrosive environments. Practical value.Determination the residual resource of continued operated boom lifting and transporting metal machines should be carried out taking into account the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material as well as the dynamic nature of the load. The obtained regularities on changes of mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking under tension of an arrow material will contribute to increase evaluation accuracy of fragility of residual resource of load carrying steel structures.

189-206

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz, K. Ts. Hlavatskyi, O. A. Mazur

Purpose. One of basic elements of band bucket elevators is their drive. For determination of power drive it is necessary to conduct calculations on standard by methods, in what it is needed to expend enough time. One of project parameters is productivity of elevator. It is necessary to build parametric dependence of power drive of elevator on its design capacity that takes into account a type and descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Methodology. Using the method of hauling calculation of band buckets elevators, the parametric dependences of power drive of high-speed elevators are built with deep and shallow buckets from their productivity at fixed type of load and height of getting up. Findings. It is set on the basis of the built parametric dependences that the change function of a size of elevator power from design capacity (at fixed to the lifting height, load type, rate of tape movement) is piecewise and droningly increasing. The intervals of project values of productivity, which provide the permanent size of elevator power drive are certain in a general view. As the example of application of the recived results the construction process of power drive dependence from design capacity of elevator of shotblasting room, which is intended for transporting of the metallic shot using for consolidating of carriage springs, is considered. For concrete type of load and lifting height of such elevator graphic dependence of power drive on productivity was built. Originality. Parametric dependences of elevator power drive on its design capacity were first built, which take into account a type and physical and mechanical descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Practical value. The use of the built dependences enables in relation to rapid determination of approximate value of power drive of vertical high-speed elevators with deep and shallow buckets on the stage of planning and to execute the high-quality selection of its basic elements at concrete project descriptions: type of load, productivity, lifting height.

222-230

Authors: A. V. Radkevich, V. F. Khudenko, V. M. Glushenko

Purpose. The article aims at analysis of existing approaches towards engineering, construction, reconstruction and major repair of buildings roofing systems and constructions for solving the matters regarding organizational and technological reliability. Methodology. The survey is based on methods of analogy, scientific analysis and synthesis. Findings. The analysis of innovative technologies as well as new construction materials for roofing has been carried out. Problems regarding their organizational and technological reliability have been specified. Relevance of the given problems has been grounded. Correlation between reliability of constructed facility or roofing repair from thoroughly chosen technology and also construction process organization in general was determined. All the specifications influencing roofing organizational and technological reliability have been divided into primary and secondary. New methodic conception including all the constituents of roofing in the whole has been worked out. Ukrainian and European specification documents have been taking into account. Roofing organizational and technological reliability scheme considering the factors that form reliability has been suggested. An urgent need for creation of roofing model taking into consideration the innovative technologies and latest roofing materials for choosing its rational variant has been emerged. It has to meet both customers and specification documents requirements and also desired level of organizational and technological reliability. Originality. For the first time the notion of «organizational and technological reliability» has been applied to roofing. Fundamental investigation of this notion has been suggested. Roofing reliability dependence on all its components as a whole has been analyzed. New approach towards roofing problems solving conception has been developed. Practical value. The survey results may be applied at roofing engineering and construction organizations activity analysis. Investigation results have practical value in roofing with desired reliability engineering.