Science and Transport Progress

7-22

Authors: T. O. Kolesnykova

Purpose. Problem of representation lack of scientists’ publications, including transport scientists, in the international scientometric databases is the urgent one for Ukrainian science. To solve the problem one should study the structure and quality of the information flow of scientific periodicals of railway universities in Ukraine and to determine the integration algorithm of scientific publications of Ukrainian scientists into the world scientific information space. Methodology. Applying the methods of scientific analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison and prediction the author has investigated the problem of scientific knowledge distribution using formal communications. The readiness of Ukrainian railway periodicals to registration procedure in the international scientometric systems was analyzed. The level of representation of articles and authors of Ukrainian railway universities in scientometric database Scopus was studied. Findings. Monitoring of the portals of railway industry universities of Ukraine and the sites of their scientific periodicals and analysis of obtained data prove insufficient readiness of most scientific publications for submission to scientometric database. The ways providing sufficient "visibility" of industry periodicals of Ukrainian universities in the global scientific information space were proposed. Originality. The structure and quality of documentary flow of scientific periodicals in railway transport universities of Ukraine and its reflection in scientometric DB Scopus were first investigated. The basic directions of university activities to integrate the results of transport scientists research into the global scientific digital environment were outlined. It was determined the leading role of university libraries in the integration processes of scientific documentary resources of universities into the global scientific and information communicative space. Practical value. Implementation of the proposed activity algorithm of Ukrainian universities to integrate the scientific publications into the world digital environment will increase the importance of Ukrainian scientific periodicals, including the railway ones, affect the positive dynamics in the university rating, strengthen the authority Ukrainian science in the world and attract potential investors.

32-44

Authors: T. I. Rusakova

Purpose. Development of applied numerical model for prediction of atmospheric pollution rate on streets and districts of a city taking into account chemical transformations of pollutants. Methodology. To solve hydrodynamic task of determining velocity field of wind flow in street the method of discrete vortices was used, in the city district – the method of separation flows vortex of ideal incompressible fluid, for solution equation of pollutant transfer - alternating triangular implicit difference scheme. Findings.An efficient numerical model using the type of «street canyons»for prediction of air quality on city streets and districts with emissions from motor transport considering chemical transformations of pollutants was designed in the work. Originality.The numerical model, which allows taking into account impact of buildings on pollutants dispersion and requiring a small consumption of computer time during practical realization was created. The advantage of the model is the possibility of rapid calculation of emissions dispersion in the street with considering the chemical reactions of pollutants. Practical value. The developed numerical model can be used in practice during the planning of new highways in new urban areas or in the renovation of old ones, for a series of calculations that require search of different variants for arrangement of buildings, highways, under certain weather conditions.

63-71

Authors: B. Ye. Bodnar, M. I. Kapitsa, D. N. Kyslyi

Purpose. The article describes the most common methods for determining the locomotive traction force. Solving the tasks of traction calculations involves determination of the forces influencing the train at every point of the way. When choosing a rational trajectory of the train motion and the development of operational regulations of train driving it is necessary to determine the actual value of the locomotive traction force. Considering various factors, power value of traction electric motor of locomotive may have significant differences. Advancement of the operational definition system of the locomotive traction force during the calculations by electrical parameters of traction electric motor with regard to uneven load of wheel-motor block is the purpose of the article. Methodology. The method of determining the traction force of locomotives and diesel locomotives with electric transmission, which is based on primary data acquisition of traction electric engines of direct current behavior, was proposed. Sensors and their integration into the electrical circuitry of the locomotive in order to get the data in digital form and for operational calculation of the each traction motor mode and the definition of locomotive traction force are presented. Findings. The experimental investigation of the system of locomotive traction force determination with the electric traction motor ED-105 was offered. A comparison of electrical and mechanical power of the electric motor was conducted. Originality. The system of locomotives power operational definition, which takes into account the variable electro-mechanical factors of wheel and motor blocks and increases the accuracy of the calculations, was proposed. Practical value. The system is a part of an onboard complex in definition of energy-efficient regimes for trains movement and provides the definition of accelerating and decelerating forces.

81-87

Authors: I. V. Akimov

Purpose. Graphitized steels are alloys, in which carbon is partly in form of graphite inclusions. Due to this such steels possess good antifriction properties, wear resistance, heat conductivity and a variety of other mechanical properties, which decently distinguish them from cast irons. However, such steels are not studied enough and practically are not used in mechanical engineering. Purpose of the work is the research of the possibility of wear resistance increase for graphitized steels in the conditions of metal-to-metal dry friction sliding to use them in the railway systems. Methodology. Graphitized hypoeutectoid, eutectoid and hypereutectoid steels have been used as a research material. Experimental alloys have been studied in the condition after thermal hardening. Hardness of alloys has been determined by the Vickers method. Wear resistance of steels has been studied in the conditions of metal-to-metal dry friction sliding with the use of МI-1 friction machine (disk to disk). Findings. Data, which allow assessing the wear resistance of experimental graphitized steels depending on carbon, silicon and copper content have been obtained in this work. The regression dependence obtained as a result of statistical processing of the experimental data allowed determining an optimal chemical content of the steel, which is characterized by high wear resistance. Originality. A dependence describing carbon, silicon and copper content on the specimen's weight loss during metal-to-metal dry friction tests has been obtained in the work. Practical value. The optimized content of the graphitized steel can be used for production of products working in the conditions of wear such as brake blocks of rolling stock, separators of high-speed bearings, dies and others.

99-109

Authors: V. V. Skalozub, V. E. Belozеrov, I. V. Klimenko, B. B. Belyy

Purpose. The aim of the research is to build a model of the generalzed logistic mapping and assessment of the possibilities of its use for the formation of the mathematical description, as well as operational forecasts of parameters of complex dynamic processes described by the time series. Methodology. The research results are obtained on the basis of mathematical modeling and simulation of nonlinear systems using the tools of chaotic dynamics. Findings. A model of the generalized logistic mapping, which is used to interpret the characteristics of dynamic processes was proposed. We consider some examples of representations of processes based on enhanced logistic mapping varying the values of model parameters. The procedures of modeling and interpretation of the data on the investigated processes, represented by the time series, as well as the operational forecasting of parameters using the generalized model of logistic mapping were proposed. Originality. The paper proposes an improved mathematical model, generalized logistic mapping, designed for the study of nonlinear discrete dynamic processes. Practical value. The carried out research using the generalized logistic mapping of railway transport processes, in particular, according to assessment of the parameters of traffic volumes, indicate the great potential of its application in practice for solving problems of analysis, modeling and forecasting complex nonlinear discrete dynamical processes. The proposed model can be used, taking into account the conditions of uncertainty, irregularity, the manifestations of the chaotic nature of the technical, economic and other processes, including the railway ones.

120-131

Authors: O. M. Bondarev, O. E. Kryvchykov, D. A. Yagoda, V. S. Bondareva, V. V. Ryadkovskiy

Purpose. The article objectives are to identify the factors, which can contribute to the formation of cracks and to develop the measures on improving the strength indices of bogie frame transoms of trailing cars. Methodology. In order to achieve these objectives, in performing the work it was conducted the inspection of the technical condition of supporting structures for bogie frames of trailing cars; measured the Brіnell hardness numbers and estimated the endurance limits of transom material; tested on determination of the levels of efforts and stresses being created in the specified transoms under operation; developed the computational models for the theoretical determination of stress levels in the transom by simulating both normal and abnormal conditions of operating loading. Findings. Based on the analysis of results obtained: the situations with the highest stress levels were found; the measures on improving the strength indices of bogie frame transoms of trailing cars were developed. Originality. Based on the experimental and theoretical studies, the scientific monitoring of works to develop the measures on improving the strength indices of bogie frame transoms of trailing cars was carried out. Practical value. The developed measures on improving the strength indices were passed to professionals of Ukrzaliznytsia to introduce the proposed activities during the repairs of electric trains of specified series.

140-146

Authors: O. V. Fomin

Purpose. Presentation of features and example of the use of the offered determination algorithm of optimum geometrical parameters for the components of freight cars on the basis of the generalized mathematical models, which is realized using computer. Methodology. The developed approach to search for optimal geometrical parameters can be described as the determination of optimal decision of the selected set of possible variants. Findings. The presented application example of the offered algorithm proved its operation capacity and efficiency of use. Originality. The determination procedure of optimal geometrical parameters for freight car components on the basis of the generalized mathematical models was formalized in the paper. Practical value. Practical introduction of the research results for universal open cars allows one to reduce container of their design and accordingly to increase the carrying capacity almost by100 kg with the improvement of strength characteristics. Taking into account the mass of their park this will provide a considerable economic effect when producing and operating. The offered approach is oriented to the distribution of the software packages (for example Microsoft Excel), which are used by technical services of the most enterprises, and does not require additional capital investments (acquisitions of the specialized programs and proper technical staff training). This proves the correctness of the research direction. The offered algorithm can be used for the solution of other optimization tasks on the basis of the generalized mathematical models.

156-167

Authors: M. I. Kazakevich, I. I. Guzova

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is determination of difference between technocratic and humanistic value systems. The authors also suggest to outline the range of issues specific to modern technological civilization, reflect its controdictory nature, as well as to focus on the university activity fields concerning formation and/or restoration of technocratic and humanitarian balance. Methodology. The most important methodological principle of the work is a systematic approach. It has determined logic of description and conclusion. During the study authors analyzed separate aspects of social development of the late 20th – early 21st centuries, as well as content analysis of the global information flow (documentary and non-documentary) on this topic and their own observations, obtained during the implementation of long-term educational and scientific practices at the university. It is, for example, drawing up a comparative table of technocratic and humanistic value systems. The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of 2 Sociological Research data (2009 and 2013 years) among university youth of Dnipropetrovsk "Modern Library by Students′ Eyes" and trending concerning the issues about the role of reading in the students lives. Findings. The difference between the technocratic and humanistic value systems was determined. Contemporary problems of the personal intellectual development in the process of education and training in technical universities during the dominance of technocratic value systems were outlined. Attention is focused on the university directions on formation and / or restoration of technocratic and humanitarian balance. Originality. The authors have analyzed and outlined a range of issues specific to contemporary industrial civilization, its controversial nature was reflected. Rebalancing of the technocratic and humanitarian is one of the major tasks in our time. The directions of universities activities were determined. Practical value. Highlighting the several problems solving necessity will ensure harmony in the interaction of technocratic and humanistic value systems. The material presented in this article can be used in the teaching of Humanities and Social Sciences, in the activities of various cultural and informational, mass-cultural, social structures of the University; the activity directions of which suggest a sociocultural understanding of technology, its achievements, the consequences of its development, the responsibility for its use, contributing to the restoration of harmony in the development of human and technological spheres.

7-15

Authors: A. M. Beznarytnyy, V. I. Gavrilyuk

Purpose. To identify the characteristic features of the engineering control measures system of automatic block of numeric code, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, to analyze the possibility of their use in the problems of diagnosing status of the devices automatic block and setting targets for the development of new diagnostic systems. Methodology. In order to achieve targets the objective theoretical and analytical method and the method of functional analysis have been used. Findings. The analysis of existing and future facilities of the remote control and diagnostics automatic block devices had shown that the existing systems of diagnosis were not sufficiently informative, designed primarily to control the discrete parameters, which in turn did not allow them to construct a decision support subsystem. In developing of new systems of technical diagnostics it was proposed to use the principle of centralized distributed processing of diagnostic data, to include a subsystem support decision-making in to the diagnostics system, it will reduce the amount of work to maintain the devices blocking and reduce recovery time after the occurrence injury. Originality. As a result, the currently existing engineering controls facilities of automatic block can not provide a full assessment of the state distillation alarms and locks. Criteria for the development of new systems of technical diagnostics with increasing amounts of diagnostic information and its automatic analysis were proposed. Practical value. These results of the analysis can be used in practice in order to select the technical control of automatic block devices, as well as the further development of diagnostic systems automatic block that allows for a gradual transition from a planned preventive maintenance service model to the actual state of the monitored devices.

24-32

Authors: L. V. Martsenyuk

Purpose. Undeveloped infrastructure and the system of public and tourist transport services prevent boom and spread of tourism glory of the country. Therefore, the development of tourist infrastructure and transport communication routes is a priority task. Methodology. Article methodology is based on the use of consequent methodological technique. Findings. Author analyzed the situation of tourism industry in Ukraine, set the basic principles for the tourism development and its priorities. The article contains the author's point of view on the fact that the tourism industry is of paramount importance to the state economics, and the development of this sector of public life should be a priority task for the near future. Originality. According to the author, the development of the inbound tourism is more reasonable, because it provides additional workplaces and exchange earnings. The author insists that the raise of quality level of domestic tourist services to the European standards would accelerate the development of Ukrainian tourism and would attract more holidaymakers from Ukraine and neighbouring countries. Practical value. The rational measures, which were taken regarding the proposed directions for the tourism development, can improve competitiveness of the Ukrainian tourist industry on the European tourist market.

40-46

Authors: V. F. Ivin, B. Ye. Bodnar

Purpose. Energy saving is a major problem in modern power engineering and various energy-consuming devices. They include outdoor swimming pools. In order to maintain them in working condition, especially in winter period, it takes significant amount of thermal energy. Task of heat loss substantial decrease in open swimming pools is considered in the article (on DNURT example). Methodology. The method of determining the mass and heat loss on the basis of criteria equations of heat and mass transfer theory is used. Findings. Calculations of the actual DNURT pool heat loss for different seasons, as for natural convection both for air forced motion above the free water surface are performed. It is shown that for the adiabatic evaporation conditions of water from the pool in winter during blow-off with wind the heat loss can be up to 2 kW/m2 on surface. To reduce these losses it is offered to cover water surface in a pool with a special material with low thermal conductivity on the basis of porous polyethylene during the time when the pool is not used for other purposes. It is shown that the implementation of these standards will reduce the actual heat loss, at least 5-6 times. Originality. The solution of important environmental and energy problem thanks to reducing heat losses by the pool in different times of a year and correspondingly lower emissions of power generating enterprises. Practical value. It is shown that the coating surface of the pool with poorly heat-conducting and easy to install coating will let, at a minimum, to reduce the actual heat loss on 5-6 times and reduce the emissions of power plants generating energy for pool heating.

58-69

Authors: N. V. Khalipova

Purpose. Interaction of system’s elements of "carriage–track" modelling requires consideration of various criteria, it also requires analysis of many uncertainty and randomness factors’ influence on the basic parameters to ensure optimal or rational parameters of the system. The researching of interactions’ process requires new theoretical approaches to formulation of objectives, based on a generalization of existing modeling approaches. The purpose of this work is development of interaction models between track and rolling stock based on multiple structures of objects. Methodology. Dedicated and formed the main evaluation criteria of dynamic interaction between track and rolling stock optimization - quality assurance and safety of transportation process, improving of their efficiency and reducing of prime cost’s. Based on vector optimization methods, proposed model of rolling stock and track’s elements interaction. For the synthesis of the model used mathematical machine of multiple objects structures. Findings. Generalized approaches to modeling in the interaction of rolling stock and track for different structural elements of the system under different exploitation conditions. This theoretical approach demonstrated on the examples of modeling of passenger and freight cars with track under different exploitation conditions. Originality. Proposed theoretical approach to the problem of track and rolling stock interaction, based on a synthesis of existing models by using of multiple objects structures. Practical value. Using of proposed model allows to structure key data and rational parameters of rolling stock and track interaction’s modeling and to formulate optimal and rational parameters of the system, to determine the effective exploitation parameters and measurement system for rational use of infrastructure.

79-88

Authors: B. M. Tovt

Purpose. The main paper purpose is the development of the topology structural optimization scientific basis regarding to the complicated optimization problems of rolling stock and special railway equipment structures. Methodology. Mathematical programming and mathematical modeling are the creating tools for the topology structural optimization problem statement for the rolling stock and special railway equipment. Findings. The fundamental review and analysis of the topology structural optimization modern state is executed. The classical variation problem statement and FE-statement of the topology optimization problem are in the paper. The stress-constrained structure mass minimization problem statement is considered. The stress-constrained topology optimization problems have some difficulties, which are considered in the paper in detail. The strength condition by the fatigue strength safety factor criterion is transformed to the strength condition by the allowable stresses criterion. Originality. Scientific novelty is the development of the optimal design theory adapted to solving the rolling stock and special railway equipment structures problems. Practical value. Practical importance of the research is the adaptation of the existing topology structural optimization problem statements to the railway engineering industry problems.

97-104

Authors: V. S. Kossov, A. L. Bidulya, O. G. Krasnov, M. G. Akashev

Purpose. Study the possibility of using geometrically-force method to determine sections of high risk of derailment in railway stations at empty wagons movement. In the test program track diagnosing subject to longitudinal forces in the freight train effecting empty wagons is provided. Methodology. To this effect empty mineral wagon and thermal cistern were equipped with strain-gauge wheel sets, strain-gauge automatic coupler and other instruments, set in the freight train weighing 4500 t. Findings. In the course of this work it was ascertained that the geometric-force ethod gives possibility to receive additional information about the track condition from the position of empty cars stability against derailment. It is shown that some sections of high risk of derailment pieces of line does not discarded by traditional ways, based on an assessment of the geometric parameters of the way. Those track sections are identified by this method, which can not be evaluated by technical means, used currently on track measurement cars. Pieces of line with low parameters on empty cars stability against derailment are individual and they are determined not only by the sizes of deviations, but their form, a combination of different types of roughness, profile and defective elements of the permanent way. Originality. Geometric-force method should be considered as complementary to the existing technology assessment of the way on the geometrical parameters; its implementation will allow revealing the track section, dangerous for the motion of empty wagons. Practical value. For the geometrically-force method realization of assessment of the way in the railway network of JSC «Russian Railways» it is proposed on the basis of the accumulated statistics and experimental data in accordance with wagons tests with a high center of gravity to develop specialized software for wagons through gauges to assess ways bygeometrically-force method that excludes the use in technology assessment of the additional freight wagon way with a strain-gauge wheel sets.

124-136

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, L. O. Neduzha

Purpose. To determine the dynamic qualities of the mainline freight locomotives characterizing the safe motion in tangent and curved track sections at all operational speeds, one needs a whole set of studies, which includes a selection of the design scheme, development of the corresponding mathematical model of the locomotive spatial fluctuations, construction of the computer calculation program, conducting of the theoretical and then experimental studies of the new designs. In this case, one should compare the results with existing designs. One of the necessary conditions for the qualitative improvement of the traction rolling stock is to define the parameters of its running gears. Among the issues related to this problem, an important place is occupied by the task of determining the locomotive dynamic properties on the stage of projection, taking into account the selected technical solutions in the running gear design. Methodology. The mathematical modeling studies are carried out by the numerical integration method of the dynamic loading for the mainline locomotive using the software package «Dynamics of Rail Vehicles » («DYNRAIL»). Findings. As a result of research for the improvement of locomotive running gear design it can be seen that the creation of the modern locomotive requires from engineers and scientists the realization of scientific and technical solutions. The solutions enhancing design speed with simultaneous improvement of the traction, braking and dynamic qualities to provide a simple and reliable design, especially the running gear, reducing the costs for maintenance and repair, low initial cost and operating costs for the whole service life, high traction force when starting, which is as close as possible to the ultimate force of adhesion, the ability to work in multiple traction mode and sufficient design speed. Practical Value. The generalization of theoretical, scientific and methodological, experimental studies aimed at further improvement of the running parts for the mainline locomotives of promising designs is urgent for improving the rolling stock design. The observed improvements of the design features of the running gear elements for some types of the modern mainline locomotives, providing the necessary dynamic parameters of the vehicle movement are relevant; they have the practical value and can be used for further developments.

146-154

Authors: E. N. Dotsenko

Purpose. To analyze the problem of motor abilities development and health of students of special medical group in the process of physical education in technical universities. Determine the major factors, characteristics, and the relationship of physical development, physical fitness and coordination abilities of female students in special medical group. Establish regularities in precise movements mastering of different coordination structure and develop model characteristics of the relationship of coordination abilities and motor characteristics of students in special medical group. To substantiate and verify efficiency of coordination abilities development method of female students with regard to their functional status in the course of physical education in higher school. Methodology. Theoretical and methodological argument, characteristic of the experimental program in physical education teaching process of students in special medical group was shown. Findings. Research is to develop the training content in special medical groups with the use of coordinating elements and exercises to enhance the motor abilities of female students. Their influence on the level of physical development, functional training, as well as regularities in mastering and movement control of different coordinating structure at the female students of special medical group was studied. The comparative characteristic of female students athletic ability in the dynamics of the educational process, differentiated into groups according to nosology was presented. The criterion of spare capacities upgrade of the motor system in controlling the movements of different coordination structure was determined. Originality. The method of coordination abilities development of female students in special medical group, that aims on the formation and correction of motor control system of different coordination structure, a sense of body position and its individual parts in space, improving kinesthesia was introduced for the first time. The effect of the experimental program to the level of development and the relationship of coordination abilities and criteria of spare capacities in exact motions system control were determined. Practical value. To develop the content of training in special medical groups using the coordination exercises and elements to enhance the motor abilities of female students. Organizational and methodological aspects of holding trainings in special medical group with a load for students with different variations in health status were improved. The mathematical model describing the movements, including coordi nating students abilities in special medical group was developed. On the basis of developed indicators one can take into account the functional and physical fitness of students and form optimal regimes of motor activity for each nosologic group. It is especially important for the organization of educational process in universities physical education.

7-17

Authors: K. V. Honcharov

Purpose.The purpose of investigation is the search for new analysis methods of tonal track circuits, the definition of signal waveform at the track receiver input. Methodology. The method of frequency characteristics was used for investigation of transient processes. Signal spectrum at the output of track generator was determined using fast Fourier transform. Signal spectrum at the input of track receiver was calculated after determining complex frequency characteristic of the tonal track circuit. To carry out such calculations the frequency characteristics of rail line parameters have been obtained resulting interpolation of reference data and the frequency characteristic of track receiver impedance has been calculated. To determine the signal time dependence at the input of track receiver the inverse fast Fourier transform was applied.Findings. The causes of signal distortion in the tonal track circuits have been clarified.Track filter and input filter of track receiver restrict upper and lower sidebands of the signal spectrum, which leads to prolonging the rise and fall of signal pulses.The rail line, cable lines, and the devices for protection and alignment do not affect the shape of signal pulses, and change only their amplitude. At influence of rise and fall of signal pulses in the connected RLC circuits of receiver arise free oscillations at the resonance frequencies. As a result of the interference of these oscillations occur beats and appears additional pulse. Originality. The method for the analysis of tonal track circuits has been improved that allows determining not only the level but also the time dependence of signal at the track receiver for any input action. Practical value. Obtained time dependence of signal at the track receiver input will be useful in the development of the new more perfect methods for determining the state of tonal track circuit. Proposed method of track circuit analysis may be used to search for new more informative form of signal current.

30-37

Authors: D. O. Bosiy

Purpose. At alternating current traction substations are used three-winding transformers. This scheme comes to significant costs from power quality disturbances at each supplier. The most significant power quality indices at alternating current traction substation are voltage deviation, voltage unbalance and harmonic distortion. The purpose of this article is power quality complex estimation at two traction substations that work on the one district of traction network. Methodology. The measurements were made according to accepted program during 24 hours with 1 sec discretization. A few power quality analyzers PM175 are used to record data with time synchronization. The scheme of measurements means that devices are connected through current and potential transformers at the each level of voltage. Findings. Voltage level at different substation is various due to power losses in primary network. The voltage in one phase of 1-st substation is bigger than in other phases. Voltage THD values according to standard requirements are below norm only for primary 154 kV networks. For another traction and regional networks voltage THD values are above norm value. The voltage unbalances in 154 kV networks are below voltage unbalance in 35 kV networks. Besides the voltage unbalance in 154 kV network is below 2 % that complies with the requirements of standard. At the same time we can consider that voltage and current spectrums consist from discrete harmonics with frequencies that multiples of the fundamental frequency. Originality. Voltages at the connection points of traction substations to supply lines are complex stationary random process that determines the voltage mode of the external power supply system of each traction substation. The flows of active and reactive power of the higher harmonics at AC traction substation are directed opposite power of the fundamental harmonic. The power flows on higher harmonics create the disturbing impact on related devices. The total power at AC traction substation consists of 61,8 % of the active power, 32,5 % of the reactive power of the 1st harmonic and 5,7 % of the distortion power in the quadrature components. Practical value. Analysis of the quadrature components suggests that traditional approaches to reactive power compensation at the fundamental frequency will be sufficiently effective. But the influence of the distortion power on reducing energy losses must be also researched. Besides reactive power compensation should be considered with the issue of reducing the basic power quality indices to standardized values.

47-55

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko

Purpose. The purpose of this article is improvement of the railway stations functional model; it leads to time expenditure cut for formalization technological processes of their work through the use of standard elements of technology. Methodology. Some technological operations, executives and technology objects are considered as main elements of the railway station functioning. Queuing techniques were used as the methods of research, simulation, finite state machines and object-oriented analysis. Findings. Formal data structures were developed as the result of research that can allow simulating the operation of the railway station with any degree of detail. In accordance with the principles of object-oriented approach in the developed model, separate elements of station technology are presented jointly with a description of their behavior. The proposed model is implemented as a software package. Originality. Functional model of railway stations was improved through the application of object-oriented approach to data management. It allow to create libraries of elementary technological processes and reduce time expenditure for formalization the technology of stations work. Practical value. Using of software package that it was developed on the base of proposed model will reduce time expenditure of technologists in order to obtain technical and operational assessment of projected and existing rail stations.

63-72

Authors: O. S. Chernyshova, M. I. Umanov, V. V. Kovalev, Y. S. Markov, O. V. Gubar

Purpose. To analyze the interaction forces of the track and rolling stock at application of dynamic stabilizers, as well as the determination of the area, on which the track stabilization is necessary not only according to the technical indices but also according to the economic ones. Methodology.To achieve the research purpose the methods of analysis of material flows, peculiar to the places that need applications of dynamic stabilizers on railway transport tracks are used. Findings. Researches of relatively economic efficiency of dynamic stabilizers application, which were conducted by scientists during the last years, do not spread to comparison of cost of works on the track stabilizing and losses of railway for period of running. During the running period the trains move with a limited speed that causes corresponding financial losses. Speed limitation result in the both the motion time increase and in some occasions in the heavy consumption of fuel and energy resources. The more intensive track discord and expenses increase for its maintenance are observed in the sections of braking and acceleration immediately in front of and after the areas of limitation. The methodology relative to the estimation of economic efficiency of dynamic stabilizers application after completion of track repairs for the areas of Ukrainian railways with different operational conditions was developed. This methodology includes the losses calculation of railroad, which are predefined by extra motion time, heavy consumption of fuel and energy resources and charges for current maintenance. Originality. The methodology of cost effectiveness evaluating of the dynamic stabilizers application in the post-repair period was developed. Such an approach would allow one to take the rational decisions taking into account the features of the track sections, which were reconstructed. Practical value. The obtained results will rationally assign the works on the dynamic track alignment accounting the operational characteristics of the railway sections and the economic feasibility of the planned works completion.

83-89

Authors: A. Ya. Kulichenko, N. O. Kuzin, L. I. Vakulenko

Purpose. Modern ideas about the accumulation of fatigue damages in the details of railway vehicles are based on models that estimate the durability of metal systems and depend on the number of cycles and the magnitude of deformations or stresses. These models allow one to assess with a sufficient degree of adequacy the weakening of metal systems in polycyclic fatigue and at the presence of the elastic strain only in the details of rolling stock. However, the possibility of plastic deformation appearing during operation of rail transport structures is not taken into account. The aim of this work is a construction of a mathematical model that allows estimating the durability of metal systems with regard to the appearing of the plastic component in the process of deformation of parts of railway vehicles. Methodology. With the use of modern methods of solid mechanics the influence of the parameters of plastic deformation on the durability of highly loaded structural elements was analyzed. Findings. The effect of elastic and plastic deformation on the energy dissipation under cyclic loading was studied. Originality. It was shown analytically that the softening parameters of metal systems are related to the total energy of deformation, which characterizes features of the degradation processes in the metal structures under external loads. Practical value. Ratios were proposed, they allow estimating residual life of details in a sequential multilevel cyclic loading.

99-110

Authors: O. M. Bondarev, D. O. Yagoda, O. O. Bondarev, V. M. Skoblenko

Purpose. To check meeting the requirements of Standards for experimental specimens of traction gear boxes for electric trains of series ER2, ER9 with housings of welded construction by Kiev Electric Wagon Repair Works (KEVRZ). Methodology. To reach the objective in hand, performing the work, some computational models for theoretical determination of the stress levels in the reduction-gear housing of welded construction by simulating the loading conditions that can take place during the operation have been developed and the stresses at different points of the reduction-gear housing as well as the levels of vertical accelerations of the reduction-gear housing and loading of the unit of connecting the housing to the bodies frame have been experimentally evaluated. Findings. On the basis of analysis of the calculation results obtained meeting the requirements of Standards for traction reduction gears with the housings of welded construction by KEVRZ has been found. Originality. Based on the experimental and theoretical investigations, the scientific support of works on developing and putting into operation the renovated traction reduction gears for electric trains of series ER2, ER9 has been completed. Practical value. A technical solution with the measures to be fulfilled in operation of electric trains of the mentioned series with traction reduction-gear housings of welded construction by KEVRZ has been developed and given to experts of Ukrzaliznytsia to introduce the proposed measures during repairs.

118-126

Authors: V. M. Bubnov, S. V. Myamlin, N. B. Mankevych

Purpose. To analyze the results of study of dynamic parameters of the tank-car model 15-1900 and gondola car model 12-1905, equipped with the bogies model 18-1711 with axle loading of 25 ton and unified according to major parts and joints with the cars of previous generation. According to results of the study to conclude about the possibility of using bogies model 18-1711 as the running parts of the freight rolling stock of the new generation of 1520 mm track with increased axle loading. Methodology. The dynamic performance of the rolling stock running parts directly affects the safety of railway traffic. Experimental studies of the car dynamic qualities are an important step in the modernization of existing bogie constructions and in the creation of the new ones. These tests allow one to confirm the results of theoretical studies and to check the correctness of the constructive solutions. Findings. Basic results of dynamic studies are presented as the graphs of dynamic performance dependencies on the motion speed of the experimental train. Results show that the freight cars on the bogies model 18-1711 have satisfactory dynamic properties meeting current regulatory requirements. Originality. The dynamic characteristics of freight cars on bogies model 18-1711, which give a complete view of the car loading allow us to estimate the dependency of the car dynamic performance on the bogie design parameters. Practical value. The bogie model 18-1711 with axle loading 25 ton can be used as a freight car undercarriages of the new generation of 1520 mm track.

135-144

Authors: V. F. Ushkalov, L. G. Lapina, I. A. Mashchenko

Purpose. To form realizations of the calculated disturbances for studying the dynamic properties of railway vehicles. Methodology. Records of the track-test car for one of the typical track sections of the Pridneprovsk railroad are the basic data for building the disturbance components. To derive the true geometric parameters of the railway gauge the records of the track-test car using a double-point metering circuit are transformed considering the transfer function of the measuring system. A model of the calculated disturbances is presented as the four components: a symmetric vertical irregularity determined as a semi-sum of vertical irregularities of the right and left rails; an oblique-symmetric vertical irregularity of the track determined as a semi-difference of vertical irregularities of the right and left rails; horizontal irregularities of the right and left rails. Acceptability criterion of the constructed disturbances is a relationship between the values of the dynamical properties factors of cars and the corresponding experimental data. Findings. The three techniques for the calculated disturbances forming are proposed. The first technique uses records of the track-test car for the track with a sufficiently high amount for given track conditions as components of the calculated disturbances. In so doing symmetrical vertical components of disturbances resulting from records of settling are corrected with the mass and stiffness parameters of the car under consideration. The second technique uses building and applying the theoretical realizations of irregularities corresponding to a real track according to a spectral analysis. The third technique ensures a polyharmonic model of disturbances, the parameters of which are the values of the basic frequencies and amplitudes that are typical for irregularities of a railway track. A possibility of practical applying of the constructed models of disturbances are presented using an example for defining the standardized factors of the dynamical properties of empty and loaded open cars. Comparison of the calculated factors and experimental data demonstrated its assurance. Originality. The three models of the calculated disturbances that can be used for calculating estimation of the maximal values of the standardized dynamical factors of freight vehicles are proposed. Practical value. The research results ensure an acceptable predicted evaluation of the dynamical properties factors for the designed or refitted vehicles of railway rolling stock, refinement of the values of the certain system parameters at the stage of prototypes, reduction of the expenses for performance trials, etc.

7-12

Authors: E. N. Shyrokova

Purpose. The observed tendencies in the development of the national economy require stable implementation of planned reforms in the sphere of industrial and economic activities of the railway transport in the strategic railway branch. At the same time the issue of resistance elimination to changes that innovative solutions may cause is topical. To study the subject matter of resistance manifestation to implementable changes and search for solutions on the problem in question as well. Methodology. Methodology in an article is based on the use of consistent methodological technique. Findings. It contains the author’s point of view on necessity of taking changes resistance into account during restructuring and further reformation. Emphasized is the need for careful planning of changes and current detection of obstacles that inevitably, for a variety of reasons, arise. Originality. The causes of resistance to changes from different points of view were identified in this paper. Their classification was made and some advice for manifestation leveling of resistance to changes was offered. Practical value. The rational application of measures for resistance leveling to the introduced measures will provide not only high-quality and fast implementation of the reform program, but also its implementation with minimum time and finance losses. That is an important factor in competitiveness increase of railways under unstable economic development.

22-28

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko

Purpose. The article aims to create a mathematical model of the railway station functioning for the solving of problems of station technology development on the plan-schedule basis. Methodology. The methods of graph theory and object-oriented analysis are used as research methods. The model of the station activity plan-schedule includes a model of technical equipment of the station (plan-schedule net) and a model of the station functioning , which are formalized on the basis of parametric graphs. Findings. The presented model is implemented as an application to the graphics package AutoCAD. The software is developed in Visual LISP and Visual Basic. Taking into account that the construction of the plan-schedule is mostly a traditional process of adding, deleting, and modifying of icons, the developed interface is intuitively understandable for a technologist and practically does not require additional training. Originality. A mathematical model was created on the basis of the theory of graphs and object-oriented analysis in order to evaluate the technical and process of railway stations indicators; it is focused on solving problems of technology development of their work. Practical value. The proposed mathematical model is implemented as an application to the graphics package of AutoCAD. The presence of a mathematical model allows carrying out an automatic analysis of the plan-schedule and, thereby, reducing the period of its creation more than twice.

36-43

Authors: I. A. Vakulenko, S. V. Proydak, N. N. Grischenko

Purpose. The purpose of work is the possibility estimation of аthermic technologies use of cold-deformed metal softening for elements of railway car body and wheel. Methodology. The material for research is the carbon steel of the wheel rim fragment containing 0.55%С, 0.74%Mn, 0.33%Si, and the steel 20. The wheel steel is studied after heat strengthening and cold work after operation. Steel 20 is studied after plastic cold work by rolling. Electric pulse treatment (ET) is carried out on the special equipment. As the property of metal strength the Vickers hardness number is used. The microstructure research is carried out using the light and electronic microscope. Findings. During operation of the rolling stock elements with different strength level origin of damages on metallic surfaces is caused by a simultaneous load action. Taking into account that forming of breakdown sites is largely determined by the state of metal volumes nearby the places of maximal active voltages, the technology development of defect accumulation slowdown or the level of active voltages development allow one to prolong the operating term of rolling stock elements. After electric pulse treatment of the wheel rim fragment the regular changes of metal internal structure corresponded to the hardness changes. The hardness of low carbon steel increases proportional to the increase of the level of cold work by rolling. Alternating bending of the cold-deformed flat is accompanied by strength decrease, which is caused by the metal substructure changes. Originality. The softening process of the cold-worked steel is accompanied by substructure changes, which to a greater extent correspond to the hardening development from the plastic cold-work: dispersion of the dislocation cellular structure, formation of the new sub boundaries and displacement of the formed sub boundaries. Practical value. Introduction of electric pulse treatment in the conditions of railway depots repair base allow one to attain the required level of softening of the cold-worked steel on the wheel thread of railway wheel without heating of metal. The given treatment reduces the metal hardness and prolongs the term of incisors use during the renovation of the rolling profile of the railway wheel

53-59

Authors: O. V. Lyutova

Purpose. To study the influence of metallurgical factors of production on casting properties of secondary aluminum alloy АК9М2. Methodology. For the experimental melts shaving amount in a charge, iron content and the quantity of modifier additive were chosen as independent variables. The components of modifier were being changed in the intervals of 25…40 % Na2CO3, 12…20 % SiC, 3…8 % Ti, the other – S. The microstructure of alloys was investigated under a light microscope, using the method of quantitative metallography. Influence analysis of certain parameters of alloys was conducted by mathematical statistics methods. The influence of shaving additions, iron and modifier amount on liquidity and porosity of the resulting alloys was studied. Findings. The paper shows that the increase of shaving content in the charge from 1 to 19 % and iron content in alloy from 0.66 to 2.34 % resulted in the decline of alloy liquidity on 30…35 %. Simultaneously the linear shrinkage reduction for 18…20 % and the porosity increase from 0.5 to 2.5 points were observed. The presented changes of alloy casting properties are conditioned by the amount of intermetallic phases of unfavorable form and its capacity for aeration. Increase of modifier additive from 0.02 to 0.15 % resulted in the liquidity increase on 10…15 %, the increase of linear shrinkage on 30…35 % and porosity decline from 2.5 to 0.5 points. At the same time a change of form of intermetallic phases and increase of their evenness were observed. Originality. The increase of iron concentration in silumin composition is accompanied by the decline of its liquidity. Thus, the rate of decline of alloy liquidity is proportional to the amount of dissolved iron. The character of iron influence is caused by formation of high temperature intermetallic compounds of the type Al3Fe, Al5SiFe, which promote the metal viscidity. Practical value. Practical use of the obtained scientific results would develop the technical solutions oriented to the quality indicator increase of silumin alloy.

67-73

Authors: J. Tatarko, M. Kushnir, I. Markova, T. Ivchenko

Purpose. Stabilizing of chemical composition and properties, decrease of detrimental impurities concentrations, amount of nonmetallics, grinding down of grain of the R7 wheeled steel by treatment of multicomponent modifiers. Methodology. Probed chemical composition and mechanical properties in accordance with UIC 812-3 and EN 13262 serial melting steel R7 and treated a multicomponent deoxidizers-modifiers are researched. Processing of data is conducted by a regressive-cross-correlation analysis. Findings. Influence of operations of out-of-furnace treatment is set on detrimental impurities concentration. Using of complex modifiers has reduced the concentration of sulfur most effectively. It is shown that in the modified melting variation of both basic alloying elements and admixtures has decreased, homogeneity and dispersion of structure have increased, what mechanical properties of wheels were stabilized due to. Originality. Influence was first set each of the stages of out-of-furnace treatment steel R7 on the detrimental impurities concentration, micro hardness, structure of hard-tempered tests. Dependences of mechanical characteristics were got of the detrimental impurities concentrations. Practical value. By treatment of multicomponent deoxidizers-modifiers, stabilization of chemical composition, sulfur concentration reducing, nonmetallic inclusions amount, grain refining and improving the homogeneity of the structure are achieved, this led to stabilizing and increase of mechanical properties level. It is shown the efficiency of multicomponent deoxidizers-modifiers usage in order to improve quality of steel R7 and reliability of wheels made of it.

82-92

Authors: O. V. Grachyov

Purpose. The fractional composition information recovery is one of the main problems of coal enrichment, as the quality of its solving directly affects at all the processes of coal preparation plant. Due to the fact that this model has a stochastic nature, as well as the method of identifying the model parameters, a promising direction for further research is to analyze the effect of errors in the determination of model parameters on its stability. This requires an analysis of the experimental data to assess changes effect of weight flatness functions in boundary density and ash content on model description stability of coal fractional composition. Methodology. The problem is solved by methods of mathematical statistics and stochastic processes, and optimization methods. Findings. Analysis carried out of changes effect of weight flatness functions in boundary density and ash content on model description stability of coal fractional composition has shown the following. In a small neighborhood of the parameters a0, a1, b0 and b1 assessment of the relative error in determining the output of narrow fractions and assessment of the relative error in determining the average ash content of narrow fractions is less than 0.05. Practical value. The analysis showed that in a small neighborhood of the optimal values of the model parameters describing coal fractional composition an error in determining the composition of the coal output and an average ash content is not very sensitive to changes in parameter values and do not exceed the error of obtaining experimental data.

103-110

Authors: V. N. Pakhomovа

Purpose. Search for new options of the transition from Ethernet technology. Methodology. Physical structuring of the Fast Ethernet network based on hubs and logical structuring of Fast Ethernet network using commutators. Organization of VLAN based on ports grouping and in accordance with the standard IEEE 802 .1Q. Findings. The options for improving of the Ethernet network are proposed. According to the Fast Ethernet and VLAN technologies on the simulation models in packages NetCraker and Cisco Packet Traker respectively. Origiality. The technique of designing of local area network using the VLAN technology is proposed. Practical value.Each of the options of "Dniprozaliznychproekt" network improving has its advantages. Transition from the Ethernet to Fast Ethernet technology is simple and economical, it requires only one commutator, when the VLAN organization requires at least two. VLAN technology, however, has the following advantages: reducing the load on the network, isolation of the broadcast traffic, change of the logical network structure without changing its physical structure, improving the network security. The transition from Ethernet to the VLAN technology allows you to separate the physical topology from the logical one, and the format of the ÌEEE 802.1Q standard frames allows you to simplify the process of virtual networks implementation to enterprises.

119-124

Authors: L. A. Manashkin, S. V. Myamlin

Purpose. There is a need of wear process modeling in the wheel-rail system. This is related to the fact that the wear processes in this system are absolutely different in the initial and final stages. The profile change of rail and, especially, of the wheels caused by the wear significantly affects the rolling stock dynamics, traffic safety and the resource of the wheels and rails. Wear modeling and the traffic safety evaluation requires the accounting of the low frequency component forces (including the modeling of transitional areas) affecting the wheel on the side of the rail and carriage in motion of rolling stock, so the statistical analysis is not possible. Methodology. The method of mathematical modeling of the wheel set and the rail interaction was used during the research conducting. Findings. As a result of the modeling of the wheel set motion on the rail track, the mathematic model with 19 freedom degrees was obtained. This model takes into account the axle torque and studies wheels constructions as the components of the mechanical systems, consisting of a hub and tire. Originality. The mathematic model allows evaluating the wear degree of the wheels and rails when using on the rolling stock not only all-metal wheel sets, but also compound ones with the use of spring wheels and independent rotation of semi-axes with the wheels. Practical value. The development of the improved mathematical model of freight car wheel set motion with differential rotation of the wheels and compound axles allows studying the wear processes of wheels and rails.

7-16

Authors: O. Y. Kamenyev

Purpose. Determination of the protective state influence of ergatic control system on a railway transport on their use safety. Making recommendations concerning its accounting for regulations and testing during the development and implementation. Methodology. Research is executed on the base of reliability theory with the use of exponential law of refusals distribution. Findings. It is shown that confirmation of ergatic technical control facilities accordance and trains traffic arrangement to certain functional level of security is not sufficient for guaranteeing of their use safety. It is established that the protective refusal of ergatic control system does not exclude, but only postpones the dangerous condition of the system. Originality. Further development of approach and requirements to research of use safety of ergatic control system on a railway transport are received. Unlike previous they take into account the indexes of not only functional unconcern, but also faultlessness at setting of norms and proof of these systems safety. Practical value. Accounting of protective refusals of technical facilities at tests on their safety application, and also setting of norms of characteristics reliability of control systems by responsible technological processes on a railway transport in accordance with offered approach allows to increase level of their use safety in the exploitation process.

28-34

Authors: Ye. Ya. Kosenko, S. V. Kukhlivs’kyi, B. M. Bondarenko, I. I. Podzigun

Purpose. Improvement of actions of emergency-and-rescue services during elimination of emergency aftermaths on railway. The extraordinary situations of anthropogenic character on railway are determined by the features of striking factors and are divided into accidents (catastrophes), accompanied by exhausts (blow-outs, spills) of hazardous substances, fires, explosions, failures on engineering networks and systems of life-support, by destruction of buildings and structures, by accidents of transport vehicles, etc. At present, there is a problem of co-operation planning of troops and facilities, ministries and departments, which are ordered for eliminating the aftermaths of extraordinary situations, particularly at transporting dangerous freights by rail. Methodology. During the research the method of search optimization of existing systems improvement of analysis and forecast of extraordinary situations as well as the supervision and hour-by-hour registration of rescue services actions during trainings and in the real conditions of aftermaths eliminating of extraordinary situations were used. Findings. The problems to solve are notifying the population on the threat of extraordinary situations arising, informing in time about a current situation, maintaining emergency-and-rescue services in readiness to functioning in extraordinary situations, organizing the life-support of population in conditions of accidents, catastrophes, or a natural calamity. Originality. The features of civil defense organization at dangerous freights transportation are explored; the order of co-operation of emergency-and-rescue services during the elimination of emergency aftermaths of anthropogenic origin on railway is developed. It is resulted in creating the conditions of relative diminishment of losses and expenditures because of transport accidents, catastrophes, explosions, conflagrations and natural calamities. Practical value. It is necessary to plan emergency-and-rescue and other exigent works in the areas of extraordinary situations on railway at transportation of dangerous freights in the case of their occurrence with the simultaneous bringing the troops and facilities of ministries and departments, inter-sectoral consortia, corporations, business concerns, associations etc., which appear in the area of extraordinary situation with the preliminary determination of their subordination to implement these measures.

49-55

Authors: A. F. Golovchuk, K. V. Prikhodko

Purpose. The development of the free-piston diesel engine-and-hydraulic pump for the continuously variable hydrostatical transmission of mobile power vehicles. Methodology. For a long time engine builders have been interesting in the problem of developing free piston engines, which have much bigger coefficient of efficiency (40…80%). Such engines don’t have the conversion of reciprocating motion for inner combustion engine piston into rotating motion of crankshaft, from which the engine torque is transferred to the power machine transmission. Free-piston engines of inner combustion don’t have the crank mechanism (CM) that significantly reduces mechanical losses for friction. Such engines can be used as compressors. Free-piston engine compressor (FPEC) – is a free-piston machine in which energy received from engine’s cylinder is being transferred direct to compressor’s pistons connected with operational pistons of engine without crank mechanism. Part of the pressed air is being consumed for engine cylinder drain and the other part is going to the consumer. Findings. The use of free-piston engines-and-hydraulic pumps as power-transmission plants of power vehicles (diesel locomotives, combine harvester, tractors, cars and other mobile and stationary power installations) with the continuously variable transmissions allows cost effectiveness improvement and metal consumption reduction of these vehicles, since the cost effectiveness of FPE is higher by 25-30%, and the metal consumption is lower by 40-50%. Originality. One of the important advantages of the free-piston engines is their simplicity and engine balance. As a result of the crank mechanism absence their construction is much simplified and the vibrations, peculiar to the ordinary engines are eliminated. In such installation the engine pistons are directly connected through the rod to compressor pistons and therefore there are no losses in the bearing bushes. Practical value. The free-piston engines are now used only as gas generators and diesel compressors, and the hydraulic transmission is arranged with the ordinary heat-engine, which operates the hydraulic pumps.

64-75

Authors: A. V. Nikitenko, M. O. Kostin

Purpose. Development and theoretical ground of the analytical method for the calculation of the active, reactive and total powers in the electric traction devices, taking into consideration the non-stationary character of the stochastic processes change of the voltage and current in the elements of these systems. Methodology. The mathematical methods of the random processes theory and the “discrete electrical engineering” methods are used for solving the main problem of this paper. Findings. The Method of the Correlation and Dispersion is developed for definition of the active power, the reactive power by Fryse and the total power of the devices in the elements of the electric traction system of the main-line railways. The method is based on the well-known concepts of auto- and inter-correlation functions of the random processes which govern the feeder voltages and the currents in the traction power supply subsystem as well as the currents and voltages of the electric rolling stock. The method developed in this paper allows estimating the powers of both stationary and non-stationary processes. This method can be used for the analysis of both the traction mode and the regenerative braking mode of the electric rolling stock. The total power components were calculated for the one of the feeder areas of the Prydniprovsk railway using this method. The results show the significant flow of the reactive power in the traction power supply system. This fact is also confirmed by the high values of the reactive power coefficient. Originality. Scientific novelty of the research is consisted in the following. Firstly, for defining the active and reactive powers in elements of the traction power supply system the new method (the Method of Correlation and Dispersion) is created and grounded. This method is different from other existing methods because it takes into consideration the varying non-stationary character of the chance processes of the feeder and substation voltages and currents. Secondly, in the DC traction power supply system the large values of the exchange reactive power by Fryze were created for the first time. Practical value.The method and its technique allow calculating the main energy coefficients for the traction power systems such are the reactive power coefficient, the main and additional active power losses in the power circuit of the electric rolling stockand the traction power supply system.

83-91

Authors: V. V. Dudkina

Purpose. The investigation of laser irradiance influence on the adhesion strength of nickel and zinc coatings with copper base and the research of initial stages of crystallization for nickel and zinc films. Methodology. Electrodeposition of nickel and zinc films from the standard sulphate electrolyte solutions was carried out on the laser-electrolytic installations, built on the basis of gas discharge CO2-laser and solid ruby laser KVANT-12. The adhesion strength of metal coatings with copper base are defined not only qualitatively using the method of meshing and by means of multiple bending, but also quantitatively by means of indention of diamond pyramid into the border line between coating and base of the side section. Spectrum microanalysis of the element composition of the border line “film and base” is carried out using the electronic microscope REMMA-102-02. Findings. Laser irradiance application of the cathode region in the process of electroplating of metal coatings enables the adhesion strength improvement of coating with the base. Experimental results of adhesive strength of the films and the spectrum analysis of the element composition for the border line between film and base showed that during laser-assisted electroplating the diffusion interaction between coating elements and the base metal surface takes place. As a result of this interaction the coating metal diffuses into the base metal, forming transition diffused layer, which enhances the improvement of adhesion strength of the coatings with the base. Originality. It is found out that ion energy increase in the double electric layer during interaction with laser irradiance affects cathode supersaturation at the stage of crystallization. Hence, it also affects the penetration depth of electroplated material ions into the base metal, which leads to the adhesion strength enhancement. Practical value. On the basis of research results obtained during the laser-assisted electroplating of the structure and mechanical characteristics of nickel and zinc metal films, their connection with the laser irradiance parameters is found out. Laser irradiance application, depending on the electroplating mode (galvanostatic or potentiostatic) allows obtaining the equilibrium structure or, on the other hand, nonequilibrium structure.

99-105

Authors: Yu. I. Kazacha, S. V. Shnurovoy, V. A. Ivanov, V. A. Dzenzerskiy, S. V. Burylov, V. Yu. Skosar

Purpose. The modern trend in lead-acid battery industry is the changeover to reliable and safe leak-proof VRLA batteries. However, the properties of grid alloys of these batteries are still insufficiently studied, that hampers application of these batteries at railway transport. The purpose of this work is the research of dependence of mechanical properties of grid alloys on temperature conditions of casting, deformation of rolling and ageing time. Methodology. Mechanical properties of alloys and grids have been defined at standard tensile testing machine R-0,5. Findings. The rolling of lead-calcium alloys with deformation more than 90% raises their durability and reduces their plasticity. When rising the temperature of the casting moulds (in range 60-170°С) the durability of lead-calcium and lead-antimony alloys decreases, and the plasticity increases, that are mostly evident for PbCa0.1Sn0.3 alloy, and least of all – for PbCa0.05Sn1.1 alloy. Durability of lead-calcium and lead-antimony alloys increases and plasticity decreases with increasing the time of ageing: this is mostly evident for alloy PbCa0.05 Sn1.1 and strips made from it. Originality. It was determined that decrease of alloys overcooling at crystallization results in drop of their durability and increase of plasticity. The composition and structure of alloys strongly influence dynamics of their ageing. Practical value. It is proposed by authors: a) to increase the temperature of crystallization of alloy for negative grid strip to 120-160°С instead of 80-120°С, that will raise plasticity of strip and reduce deterioration of the equipment; b) to replace PbSb1.8Se alloy of cast grids by PbCa0.1Sn0.3 alloy, that will allow reducing weight of grids by 25 % at the same durability; c) to increase range of ageing of grids cast from PbCa0.1Sn0.3 alloy to 3-30 days that reduces the production costs. It’s all taken together will reduce deterioration of the process equipment and cut down production cost at conservation of characteristics of production.

118-123

Authors: A. V. Saidova, A. M. Orlova

Purpose. Wear parameters clarification in wear simulation is an actual goal because of absence of corresponding data for freight cars in condition of using them on Russian railways. Research is devoted to development of dynamic models of wagons on three-peace two-axle models 18-9810 and 18-9855 bogies with maximum axle-loads 23,5 ts and 25 ts, and to choice of factors, with varying which parameters in the model of wheel wear can be identified. Methodology. The problem is solved by method of mathematic simulation in «MEDYNA» software. Wear calculation is based on abrasive wear theory (Archard’s theory). Findings. Clarification of wheels’ wear model may be done with varying of friction coefficient between wheel and rail for different wheel profile areas (flange and tread), wear coefficient in Archard’s model for mild and heavy wear and transition between them. Originality. Dynamic models of universal gondola on models 18-9810 and 18-9855 bogies are developed. It is established, that rail treads irregularities size effect wheel wear insignificantly, when car is running on circle track of constant radius. Practical value. Developed dynamic models of wagons on models 18-9810 and 18-9855 bogies may be used in wear simulation, determination of car running characteristics, interaction of car and rail of different type, construction, condition and etc. Research results of some factors influence on freight car wheel wear may be interesting for people, who study this problem.

129-135

Authors: V. P. Berbushenko, O. V. Marushyak

Purpose. To define actual and prospective research guidelines of the destruction of patchy soil masses under the influence of explosions as well as the peculiarities of the explosion waves expansion throughout the boundaries of mediums separation in artificial soils. Methodology. Methods of the study and analysis of published studies on the behavior of soils in the explosion are used, the research methods matching that were used in the investigation of the explosion in natural soils and for research in artificial soil. Findings. The analysis of scientific issues on the topic of soils’ behavior during explosions shows that the natural soils behavior during the explosions in the main explosive for the manufacturing mining-and-explosive works is considered. Originality. The study of nature of artificial soils’ behavior during explosions as well as the consequences prediction and the development of technologies of their liquidation is a very important task for the State Special Transport Service’s subunit. The task is urgent especially considering the current situation of existing threats. Research methods that are offered are not new, but in relation to artificial soils, they were not applied. Practical value. The list and the amount of threats, which exist in the present time, shows that it is necessary to know which consequences the explosions towards the grounds of transport objects may result in.

144-149

Authors: V. V. Pichurin

Purpose. To elicittheoretical and methodologicalbasesfor conducting the psychological and psychophysical training of students in the process of physical education.Methodology. A theoretical analysis is used as a research method. Findings.The crux of the author’s approach is in assertion that methodological base for statement of a question about psychological and psychophysical training of students in the process of physical education shows itself at an analysis in psychology and philosophy such fundamental questions as psychologicalproblem, interaction of person constitution and psyche, problem of a person in psyche.Originality.Forthefirsttimetheoreticalandmethodologicalbasesaregroundedforconductingpsychologicalandpsychophysicaltrainingofstudentsin the process of physicaleducation. Practical value. Researchresultsgivenecessarytheoreticalreasonfordistinctcriteriaformationandrequirementsforstudentsin psychologicalandpsychophysicaltraining, exactevaluationmethodsmakingofitscomponents, development of effective methods in forming of students’ psychological and psychophysical training in the process of physical education.