Mordovia University Bulletin

25-36

Authors: Piksin Ivan Nikiforovich (professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Dr. Sci. (Medicine), mgu-hospital.surgery@yandex.ru) Ippolitov Igor Yurevich (associate professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), ippolitov67@mail.ru) Brovkin Vladimir Vladimirovich (associate professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), kistsan@yandex.ru) Kistkin Aleksandr Ivanovich (associate professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), kistsan@yandex.ru)

Postoperative wound infection remains one of the most pressing problems of surgery. The lack of reliable ways of dealing with purulent pathology dictates the need to find the best ways to treat patients, which have prompted us to conduct this study. Purpose of the research is to improve the results of treatment of patients with purulent wound infection by improving the clinical application of a magnetic field and a helium-neon laser. Clinical material is presented in 174 patients aged 18 to 75 years. To solve this problem, all patients were arbitrarily divided. The first group consisted of patients with conventional treatment (control group). For the second group treatment was amplified with laser therapy, in the third group it was performed the magnetic therapy, in the fourth – a combined magnetic and laser therapy. The source of the magnetic field are the apparatus of “Pole-101”, “Pole 102” and magnetic belts of various designs (flexible magnets). For irradiation of wounds with laser beams were used stationary optical quantum generators of models LH-38 and LH-126, emitting a monochromatic coherent light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm wavelength of 1150 nm. The use of a helium-neon laser and the magnetic field have decreased a number of inflammatory postoperative complications microbial contamination of wound surface and length of inpatient treatment. Combined magnetic laser therapy helped to develop a regime characterized by a lack of immediate and long-term negative effects and complications. Developed and systematized indications and contraindications prove the feasibility and prospects of implementation of laser radiation and magnetic field in the complex medical and preventive measures in surgical patients.

48–60

Authors: Davydkin Vasiliy Ivanovich (head of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), mgu-hospital.surgery@yandex.ru)

The article is devoted to the scientific work of a famous scientist, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, honored worker of science of the Republic of Mordovia, honored doctor of the Republic of Mordovia, laureate of State prize, head of the scientific-pedagogical surgical school “Clinical surgery, the study of fundamental and applied problems of efferent and quantum medicine”, doctor of medical Sciences professor Piksin Ivan Nikiforovich. Professor I. N. Piksin conducted basic research of medical-biological effects of quantum radiation on the molecular, cellular and organismal levels. Under his leadership, studying the parameters of homeostasis, immune status, changes in peroxide oxidation of lipids and antioxidants systems, the Central organ and peripheral hemodynamics in patients with acute destructive diseases of lungs, thyroid gland, purulent-septic diseases, lactational mastitis and other diseases. He have proven the particular effectiveness in use of ultraviolet blood irradiation in combination with other appearance-quantum methods. This has allowed scientists to develop new ways of extracorporeal detoxification (different ways of therapeutic plasmapheresis, erythrodesorbtion, selective and combined quantum and efferent therapy, cryofrerezis and heparinprecipitatapheresis, ozone). A team of the scientific-pedagogical school led by I. N. Piksin explores the problems of diagnosis and treatment of gastroduodenal bleeding, mechanical jaundice, pancreatitis, suppurative diseases of the lung and pleura, surgical diseases of the heart, blood vessels, prevention of complications of limb injuries, diabetes and diabetic foot care, pediatric orthopedics. Under the leadership of I. N. Piksin have introduced new minimally invasive technologies: transthoracic drainage and rehabilitation therapy of purulent cavities of the lung and pleura, percutaneous and transhepatic cholecystocholangiography, diagnostic and treatment interventions in space-occupying lesions of the abdomen and thyroid gland, ultrasound techniques of diabet in acute destructive pancreatitis and others. He is considered as one of organizers of higher medical education system in the region. The professor is actively working on improvement in training of medical and scientific personnel for various regions of the Russian Federation.

69-78

Authors: Buchatskaya Natalya Vyacheslavovna (associate professor of Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), buchnv@mail.ru) Emelyanova Natalya Aleksandrovna (associate professor of International and Regional Tourism chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), emelyanovanata@yandex.ru)

The article presents characteristics of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds in the Republic of Mordovia and city district Saransk. The authors provide the assessment of their feasibility for the development of tourism and recreational activity. It also describes issues that interfere the efficient usage of recreational potential of surface water bodies. Analytical maps of recreational opportunities and fish resources of surface waters of the Republic of Mordovia are presented for the first time.

87-97

Authors: Kaverin Aleksandr Vladimirovich (head of Ecology and Environmental Management chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), professor, kaverinav@yandex.ru) Shchankin Aleksandr Alekseevich (professor of Sports and Life Safety chair of Evseviyev Mordovia Pedagogical State University (11 a, Studencheskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Dr. Sci. (Biology), aachankin@yandex.ru) Shchankina Galina Ivanovna (associate professor of Sociology chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (History), depart-soc-scien@isi.mrsu.ru)

Research of influence of adverse factors of the environment of life on physical development and population health is one of actual problems of modern ecology. The works devoted to features of physical development and epoch-making variability, or secular trend, are widely represented in many countries of the world. It is noted that universal tendencies of epoch-making variability of physical development have a different focus: from accelerated continuation to its stop. At constancy of genetic characteristics of an organism, climatological, geographical, social, economic and ecological conditions make considerable impact on phenotypical variability of a person, up to adjustment disorder and emergence of diseases. In the article natural, social and economic and ecological conditions of environment in the Republic of Mordovia are considered; the authors submit a statistics on influence of regional factors of the environment on physical development, health and constitutional features of population; actions for improvement of an ecological situation in the region are suggested.

114-121

Authors: Saraykina Svetlana Vasilevna (associate professor of International and Regional Tourism chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), ssarajjkina@rambler.ru)

The article emphasizes the role of religion in strengthening of intercultural relations, social and scientific activities. It discusses the scientific basis of religion and religious infrastructure; considers specific features of the current stage in development of the religious sphere of Russia and the Republic of Mordovia; pays attention to issues of construction of new religious objects and reconstruction of those which were destroyed in the Soviet period; the author classifies orthodox religious sites of the Republic of Mordovia by status, time of occurrence, number of members, belonging to different architectural styles; determines the prospects of religious objects for tourism development in Mordovia; emphasizes the importance of development of religious tourism in the Republic, which should be based on a developed religious infrastructure.

132-138

Authors: Belov Aleksandr Alekseevich (associate professor of Physical Geography chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), alexlbel@mail.ru)

This article discusses the most dangerous exogenous processes in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, which include various types of landslides, mudslides, submerging of areas and other processes. The author studies the topography of the land area in order to assess the development of dangerous natural processes, estimates its geodynamic stability; considers human activities that change the course of many relief-forming processes; determines numerous factors that shape the peculiarities of development of landslides, mudslides and other processes that violate the stability of slopes and endanger the whole human settlements. The article also deals with the process of submerging of territories in the Republic of Mordovia, which is formed at the first surface groundwater horizon. Lithological composition of the unsaturated zone is studied, since it largely determines the distribution of areas of ground water recharge and has a significant impact on the groundwater regime, the capacity of the aeration zone within the existing landscape of Mordovia. It considers the manner of occurence of the watertable. Based on the compilation of available materials hydrogeological surveys, the author establishes the types of mode and made a map of the areas likely to flooding of Mordovia. Analyzed the totality of the natural factors of flooding, which determines the natural water regime and the formation of an artificial water regime in terms of engineering development, leading to the accumulation of groundwater in the area and moisture in the unsaturated zone, causing flooding of territories. The consequences of submerging of cities and industrial enterprises are given. The negative consequences of violations of the water balance of built-up areas that need to be taken into account when conducting engineering surveys are listed. The author discusses the ways of dealing with negative hydrogeological impacts of construction in the process of the designing of engineering protection of specific localities.

152–157

Authors: Kamshilov Igor Mikhaylovich senior researcher of laboratory of Ecological Biokhemistry of Aquatic Animals of I.D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters Russian Academy of Sciences (Borok, Russia), kim@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru) Zaprudnova Rimma Anatolevna (researcher of laboratory of Experimental Ecology of I. D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters Russian Academy of Sciences (Borok, Russia), rimma@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru)

The functional properties of hemoglobin and the ionic environment in the perch Perca fluviatilis L were studied. Buffer and respiratory properties of hemoglobin system were determined on the basis the oxygen affinity, Bohr effect and the concentration of sodium and potassium in red blood cells. The features of these properties are considered as mechanisms for the increase of the stability of perch to acidification of water and low oxygen content. At a perch the large quantity of reaction of hemoglobin oxy-deoxygenation process is observed at change of concentration and acidity of a buffer solution. The large value of the Bohr effect and a low affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen up to incomplete oxygenation in an acidic buffer solution indicate the high efficiency of the hemoglobin buffer system of a perch in adaptation to low pH value of the medium. High sodium concentrations in perch erythrocytes demonstrates the high intensity of the Na+/H+ exchange through the membrane of red blood cells and consequently a ability to alkalization intraerythrocytic medium. High affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (up to incomplete deoxygenation in an alkaline buffer solution) observed at perch is the important molecular mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia, providing a reduction in oxygen consumption of an organism. Perch are also characterized by a high concentration of potassium in red blood cells, as well as other fish that are resistant to hypoxia.

164–170

Authors: Mitroshenkova Anna Evgenevna (associate professor of Botany, General Biology, Ecology and Bioecological Education chair of Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities (65/67, M. Gor kiy str., Samara, Russia), Ph.D. (Biology), mds_mitri4@mail.ru)

The article reviewed the textbook “Biotechnology: theory and practice” is designed for students of pedagogical specialties (publishing house of the Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities), which sets out the basic theoretical issues of classical and modern biotechnology, considered progressive methods in biotechnology: obtaining transgenic organisms, the achievements of genetic engineering in medicine, the issues of cloning plants and animals, problems of food production and environmental biotechnology. The review analyzes the structure of the manual, the contents of the lecture material and material intended for independent work of students, noted for its practical orientation, there are some remarks to the author. The review highlights the relevance of the material presented, as well as educational value of this work.

13-23

Authors: Shiryayev Viktor Dmitriyevich (professor of Fundamental Informatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Physicomathematical sciences, docent, Shiryayevvd@mail.ru) Anoshchenkova Ekaterina Vasilyevna (lecturer of Fundamental Informatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), anoshehnkovaev@mail.ru) Bikmurzina Ravilya Ryashitovna (associate professor (docent) of Fundamental Informatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Pedagogical sciences, bravilya@mail.ru)

Static models of hierarchical systems of management are considered in this research. The practice of creating and functioning of various organizational systems (including economic systems) shows that the process of their management should be based on the hierarchical principle. The goals of analysis and synthesis of hierarchical systems go beyond general optimal control theory, as with subsystems interacting, the very notion of optimality gets ambiguous. As a rule, the management within the scope of an economic system implies the presence of a hierarchical structure, the individual elements of which have their own goals, that could be different from the goal of the system’s development in whole. Tree-structure and diamond-structure systems of management are studied in this research. Conflict-controlled systems with hierarchical structure are added up to hierarchical games. In rather general conditions the analysis of a two-level model of hierarchical system of management comes to finding of the solution for a game. Tree-structure system of man- agement is formalized as a non-cooperative game (n+1) of a player (administrative center and operating departments В1, …, Вn). Diamond-structure system of management is formalized as a non-cooperative game with four players in its normal form. Nash equilibrium is used as a principle of optimality in a noncooperative game. Constructive methods of finding optimal solutions for these kinds of systems are provided. Multiplicity of Nash equilibria encountered is determined by dominating role of the core А0 in the game. It goes without saying that the existence of a dominant player is possible in other tasks of conflict management. In our research, however, we confine ourselves to studying tree – structure and diamond-structure system of management only.

30-36

Authors: Kharitonova Irina Vladimirovna ( associate professor (docent) of Algebra and Geometry chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Pedagogical sciences, ira6318@yandex.ru)

The article considers the conditions of organization of independent work of students in the implementation of a differentiated approach to teaching mathematics. Particular attention is paid to the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of teaching to mathematics. The article highlights the most common signs of independence of students. It is emphasized that the problem of differentiation of instruction in terms of collective action is quite complicated and, in turn, requires the implementation of the learning process of new methods that allow to improve the mathematical training. There is a close relationship concepts of differentiation and individualization of instruction a the conditions that must be fulfilled for the successful and effective implementation of a differentiated instruction. At the organization level differentiation a teacher should not forget about the great variety of forms and methods of achieving it. For example, one of the ways of implementing the training level differentiation may be the formation of mobile teams of students. That being said, a teacher can simulate the process of organization of independent work from two sides – from the work of a teacher and by activities of students.

39-47

Authors: S. I. Malozemov.

The article considers the problem of food security in the context of the globalization and current state of providing food security taking into account the prospects specified in the Food Security Doctrine.

48-52

Authors: R. S. Tarasov, M. I. Rutkovskaya, N. V. Raslova.

The metallurgical industry of a country is one of the leading branches that provide ma¬chine building, roads and railways building as well as the military power of the country. The policy of the government should be oriented at support and development of Russian industry. That was especially topical in the 19th century. To solve the problems of develop¬ing metallurgical industry the requests on its state all over the country were made. Politi¬cal events regulated the process of taking the effective measures for the development of industry. The economic policy was oriented towards acquisition of income in the treasury and therefore was limited to supporting protective duties.

59-70

Authors: Skryabin Vladimir Aleksandrovich ( professor of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Penza State University (40, Krasnaya Str., Penza, Russia), Doctor of Sciences degree holder in Engineering sciences, vs_51@list.ru) Reyes Almeyda Maksim Antoniovich ( post-graduate student of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Penza State University (40, Krasnaya Str., Penza, Russia), max-reyes@yandex.ru)

The authors report the results of finish treatment researches of surfaces of pistons made of aluminium alloys. It is shown that centerless polishing and polishing before coverage of surface with nickel-phosphorus alloy provides good durability of coupling of alloy with aluminium basis, and a chemical nickelage and polishing provide the increase of wearproofness and inoxidizability of coverage with the elastic circles of alloy. Results of the work reflected in the article are inculcated as technology of the chemical besieging and finish abrasive treatment of protective-decorative coverage of alloy nickel-rhenium-phosphorus in. “Compressor” Association LLC (city of Penza), application of which allowed to promote wearproofness and inoxidizability of working surfaces of details. An economic effect from introduction of development is attained by the increase of resource of work in 1,3–1,5 times.

82-95

Authors: Skryabin Vladimir Aleksandrovich ( professor of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Penza State University (40, Krasnaya Str., Penza, Russia), Doctor of Sciences degree holder in Engineering sciences, vs_51@list.ru)

The subject of the article are regularities of the process of co-operation of details made of powder-like materials with a discrete abrasive layer. It is shown that many known methods of finish do not allow to a full degree to provide high quality of surfaces, of details of powder-like materials. There are numerous pores on the surfaces of such details, foods of wear debris of processing environment and also directly abra- sive grains can be charged in. The basic parameters of finish treatment of smooth and geometrically-complex surfaces are estimated: size of arc of contact, position of arc of contact in relation to the surface of detail, distribution of pressure on the arc of contact, size of force operating on single abrasive grain treatments, such as brands and gritness of abrasive filler, and » also composition of working liquids. On the basis of the analytical dependences and charts, acquired as a result of theoretical and experimental researches of process of detail with an abrasive layer, recommendations are given on the practical use of abrasive details made of powder-like materials, both on the stage of planning of equipment in the plan of achievement set the productivity and treatment and on the stage of the industrial use of present options.

101-104

Authors: Yufkin Yurij Gavrilovich ( associate professor (docent) of Machine Tools and Systems chair of Ruzaevka Machine Engineering Institute, branch of Ogarev Mordovia State University (93, Lenin Str., Ruzaevka, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Engineering sciences, yuriyfkinn@mail.ru) Vesnushkina Nina Nikolayevna ( associate professor (docent) of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Ruzaevka Machine Engineering Institute, branch of Ogarev Mordovia State University (93, Lenin Str., Ruzaevka, Russia), nina.vesnushkina@mail.ru )

The article discusses the operation of fine boring with self-positioning tools as tools with a constructively implemented adaptation system. The authors establish the main sources of error of the technological system; sources of error shape of the holes in the workpiece; error of the workpiece in the machine. The mathematical model describing the process of boring selfaligning tools is created basing on a mathematical model of processing in the form of a closed technological system. Floating cutter blocks are regarded as completely rigid body relative to the tool body having one degree of freedom. General parameters characterizing the structure of a boring tool with floating cutter blocks are their number; the pressing force of each of the insical unit in the tool body; friction coefficients of cutting blocks in the tool body; the number of cutting elements disposed on each side of the incisal block. Components of the cutting forces are presented in the form of fixed and variable parts. The variable part of the components of the cutting force is presented in the form of a Fourier series. The formalization of the profile of the hole takes into account its error in the radial section (ovality, cut). Current coordinate describing the profile at a given point of the hole is a central angle. The resulting dynamic model of the boring tool with floating cutting blocks, which takes into account the variability of the components of the cutting force acting on each cutting element, can adequately describe his work in real time.

110-127

Authors: Besolov Vladimir Butusovich (director of North Caucasian Academic Centre of the International Academy of Architecture (94, Alagirskaya Str., Alagir, Russia), archgrad101@yandex.ru) Besolov Aristarkh Vladimirovich ( post-graduate student of Caucasus Studies, the history of the ancient world and the Middle Ages of North Ossetia State University named after K. L. Hetagurov (46, Vatutin Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia), archgrad101@yandex.ru)

Over the course of history the architectural morphotype of the ancient centric dwelling has been continuously transformed and developed, for the Indo-European masters paid special attention to the improvement of the Domeconcept, i.e. planned composition, spatial and tectonic structure and shape. Initial place of emergence and development of the creative ideas for the dome on a square occurred in architecture of the ancient centric dwelling and subsequently held its brilliant transformation into central dome structures of memorial and religious architecture in Early Medieval Christian Eastern countries and historical Byzantium. Undoubtly, for many centuries there was a crystallization of the artistic and creative concept of the domeon on a square, arisen in ancient times. Evidences of this are the architectural creations of the centric composition, the structures and forms, built of local building materials, constituents inseparable unity, organic whole with the Caucasus-Pamir mountain mega region landscape. There is no doubt that the architectural morphotype of the ancient centric dwelling with-pyramidal-ledged ceiling andlight-fluehole over an open hearth was the original basis and creative impulse in the process of forming the composition and structure of the internal space and external forms architectonic in memorial and religious structures in the early Middle Ages with Central dome, i.e. in Christian regions and the Muslim East, including the architecture of the Early and High Middle Ages in countries as Aghvan, Armenia, Georgia, Abkhazia and Alanya – all in the Caucasus, as well as Azerbaijan, Middle and Central Asia.

21-33

Authors: I. G. Doudko, A. E. Alekhin, O. O. Tomilin, P. B. Zhguchev.

According to the results of the research it was established that the development of administrative сontrol is connected with the problem of the delimitation of competence between federal and regional authorities on the issues of implementation of administrative control.For develop the parliamentary and financial control at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation the authors propose adoption of to adopt special laws that comprehensively regulate all forms and methods of conducting the parliamentary and financial control, establish the procedures for interaction with the bodies institutionally inherent in these functions. For development of the public control in the subjects of the Russian Federation it is necessary to adopt the Federal law, which should reflect the concept of it point out a list of principles of organization and implementation, and define the form and the range of subjects of public control.

42-47

Authors: P. V. Malyshkin.

The article reveals the importance of effectiveness of countermeasures against resistance to investigation. It should be noted that dominating usage of criminal staging does not assume nonapplication of other concealing measures with use of information technologies. They are in use too, but much more seldom than staging. Besides, hacker attacks, made for distracting from a committed crime, obtain currency. One of countermeasures against investigation is concealing measures with use of information technologies, such as imitation of technical malfunction. Information technologies develop, and so do the concealing measures. One of peculiarities of computer crimes is the fact that the way and the mechanism of committing of it usually includes actions, aimed at concealing of the crime, in the first instance, hiding of a fact of a crime. The article also deals with other concealing measures with use of information technologies.

54-59

Authors: S. V. Anoshenkova.

The Federal Law of 23.07.2013, no. 245-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation regarding the suppression of illegal activity in the field of archeology” marked a further improvement of Russian legislation in the field of cultural values of peoples of Russia. In connection with (the Act), entering the force have been made changes to a number of legal acts, including the Criminal Code. The purpose of this article is to identify the main trends of legislative innovations in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. To achieve this objective, the following measures are assumed: to analyze the changes made to the above-mentioned Federal Law, to systematize the items designated as “cultural values” and to identify possible difficulties of interpretation and application of criminal law related to the protection of cultural property, to give a general characteristics to the criminal law connected to protection of cultural values; to mark the prospects for further improvement of the criminal law in the protection of cultural property. The article uses the following scientific methods: comparative, comparative law, systematic.

67-72

Authors: I. N. Zhochkina.

Referendum is an important institution of direct democracy, but today such a form of expression of will of people on the questions of environment control is not used actively. Most environmental projects are implemented without consulting the citizens, that should not be attributed to the legal, democratic state. Analysis of theory, practice and legislation in this area has allowed the author to (examine) the problems, the implementation of such a constitutional legal form of public participation in environmental protection as a referendum, to analyze the causes of failed environmental referendums and to identify possible solutions to problems. Regional Environmental referendum is an effective way of public participation in environmental issues in the territory of a region.

82-93

Authors: I. V. Mal’gina.

The article describes the stages in the evolution of public administration of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Belarus, including the dynamics of development of small and medium-sized enterprises and regulatory support. The economic importance of small and medium enterprises in the economics of the Republic of Belarus is examined through steps, as well as the dynamics of the number of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, employment in micro, small and medium enterprises and individual entrepreneurs of the Republic of Belarus. The article also deals with the stages of socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus in relation to small and medium business, the evolution of the classification criteria of small and medium businesses. The central place is occupied by analysis of the current state and prospects of forming an effective government to small and medium-sized enterprises in the economic conditions of the Republic of Belarus.

103-116

Authors: B. B. Bogoutdinov, V. Ya.Tsvetkov

Modem investment policy includes radical innovations, one of which is disruptive innovation. The article reveals the subversive features of the implementation of innovative technologies in the management. The variants of the implementation of the innovation economics of the Russian market are considered. The author’s concept and structure of complementary resources for the implementation of innovative technologies is pointed out. The article also examines the connection between the output of transnational corporations with advanced technological base, new markets and improve national welfare of the country, as well as the implementation of policies to increase foreign direct and portfolio inveslments.

129-136

Authors: K. P. Martynov

The article identifies the relevance of demographic processes in modem Russia. The main trend of demographic development of the rural territories of the Republic of Mordovia is the declining rural population. The article evaluates the causes of the decline of the rural population in the Republic: the decline in the birth rate, high mortality and ageing of the population due to the low standard of living of the population in rural areas, greater decrease of its size as compared to urban areas. The article determines the causes of migration from the countryside in the Republic of Mordovia. On the basis of the analysis assessed the health status of the population in the Republic. A regressive age structure of the rural population, which is characterized by an excess of the older population over the proportion of children, leads to a decrease in economic and reproductive activity of the population that does not serve the interests of sustainable development of agrarian sector of the region and the country as a whole. To improve the demographic situation in rural areas of the Republic of Mordovia, the author proposes the following: reducing the migration of rural youth to urban and young personnel us village, expanding the birth rates and support for many children; developing the health care.

155-161

Authors: N. G. Podzorov, V. O. Kuz’mina

The article deals with the difference of the population of the regions of the Volga Federal district and level and structure of consumption of payable services. The article considers two groups of services: mandatory for payment and additional services, which people pay at the choice. The authors analyze the structure and level of consumption of paid services in two typical regions of the Federal district, which reflects the dependence of the level and structure of consumption of services from business revenue. For the characteristics of the business environment in each region is expected, the index revenue structure, which reflects proportion of average per capita income and level of the nominal salary. To characterize the overall level of consumption of paid services, the authors calculate the index of the structure of the revenue, which shows correlation between average income and level of nominal wage paid. To characterize the general level of consumption of commercial services, the authors calculate the multidimensional average by regions, basing on consumption of four mandatory services, and use it for forming the typical groups of regions with identical priorities of further social and economic development.

174-179

Authors: N. O. Kolchina

The article presents long-term foodservice industry forecasts based on the future income of the population, increasing the number of public food outlets through entering new network companies upon the catering business of the Republic, and the average catering cop. The author emphasizes the need to improve the quality of services in catering organizations through involving highly qualified staff, and developing catering facilities in the cities of the Republic to the level of European standards. This will have a significant impact on improvement of competition on the Mordovia Republic’s market of catering services that affect the quality of the final product and the balance between the average catering cost and average income of the population. This paper describes the steps to improve the functioning of the system of foodservice industry in the Republic of Mordovia in the context of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

185-191

Authors: N. M. Kuljashova, I. A. Karpjuk

The article considers a wide range of economic problems, and the solution for them is made on the basis on the construction of mathematical models and the application of mathematical methods allowing to penetrate into the essence of the studied processes, to reveal the logic of their development. The authors pointed out that the building of an ideal model of economic process is quite often based on usage of functional relationships between factors. The paper considers the marginal economic indicators, presents mathematical models, which are based on the differential equations, which leads to the study of the regularities of social-economic processes. Special attention is paid to the mathematical apparatus of the theory of probability, theory of random functions and mathematical statistics as a tool for modeling of processes in the conditions of some uncertainty. The article considers application of the main topics of mathematical programming methods of optimization of economic indicators. The authors draw the conclusion that mathematics for a modern economics is the instrument of quantitative calculation, means of formulation and method of decision of research tasks. A mathematical framework allows the correct expounding and scientific explanation from the positions of economic theory.

200-206

Authors: S. A. Isaeva

The article defines cultural factors which affect properties of Russian music and its perception in the first half of the XIX century; presents reconstruction of music perception in Russian esthetic thought the indicated period (A. D. Ulybyshev, M. D. Rezvoy, V. F. Odoyevski, V. P. Botkin, A. P. Serebryansky). The paper examines the problem of the identity of Russian thought about the perception of music, which is coupled with the paradoxical susceptibility to European destinations. The author considers the problem of correlation of romantic-idealistic perception with realistic perception of musical art as elements of human emotions as “language of the soul” capable of expressing “inexplicable”, “incomprehensible”, acquiring a leading role in the process of artistic and intuitive knowledge of the world; highlights the emotional content and effective power of music emphasizes the active role of associations in its perception; develops the idea of the imitative nature of music; determines socially insured conditionality of music.

216-223

Authors: N. L. Novikova

Our reality is not something solid and invariant; a fluid self-developing process opening in human consciousness resists its self-sufficiency. A human being is not an observer of what is happening - he is a part of the whole, so he is directly involved in the present reality. He experiences his thoughts and feelings, changing at the same time the reality and himself. Since the establishment of the new civilization affects a human being, his world perception, a personal value system, one of the most significant consequences of contemporary social processes (globalization, informatization, visualization and virtualization) is the actualization of the problem of preservation of individual identity. Located in the cultural space, a person accumulates it in his inner world, the identity herewith is a method and mechanism of “structuration” and “decryption of existence” of cultural universals and the “translator” of knowledge in the culture and social practices (V. S. Stepin). The idea of constantly changing reality becomes particularly valuable in the contemporary culture, thus preference is given not to the general principles, stagnation and abstract knowledge, but to concrete experiences. Using the power of his imagination an individual constructs his life, creating the context of his world, which depends on other contexts. A unique way of finding you self through the dialogue between “self” and other takes place in everyday life, serving the basic reality, the cultural communicative space.

231-237

Authors: E. N. Lomshina

The article considers the relevance and importance of the study of the fundamental project “Moral culture of Finno-Ugric peoples”; investigates the specificity and uniqueness of moral values of Mordvinians. In modern society there is a tendency of self-awareness, self-identity and self-affirmation. In the field of attraction are as individuals and entire peoples, ethnic groups. The study of moral culture of ethnic groups, the definition of the relation of moral universals, and nationally specific moral concepts and norms, especially in the refractive index are universal moral requirements, it seems particularly relevant and meaningful. Growth of ethnic self-activation of the processes of national revival of the peoples of Russia, the problem of inter-ethnic relations raise the question about the choice of value priorities, which in turn requires an expansion of the problem field of ethical research in morality, along with the whole complex Ethnological Sciences - ethnography, ethnic policy of ethnic psychology, ethno-ethics. Moral culture of the Mordvinian ethnicity is represented as a system of values with respect to time, space, human qualities and positions, the fundamental relations between people and expression of their characters. The author analyzes the genesis of moral culture of Mordvinian ethnic group, identifies the major bases of ethno-morality, determines the prospects for the study of moral culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples.

246-254

Authors: N. I. Voronina

The best traditions of the past, that return us to the experience of preceding generations, are examined in the article. They are becoming the factor and the fact of philosophical idea primarily in publicism and in literary work, acquiring huge public resonance. The features of today’s historical moment, related to humanization of our society, updating of spiritual and moral sphere, put forward the questions of the development of personality in a spotlight. Historical philosophical-aesthetic and musical potential on the example of the Russian thinkers of the XIXth century is important in the comprehension of the different stages of cultural life of our society. And here spiritual connection of the present and the past appears to be especially interesting. Knowledge encyclopaedism the highest culture of communication, indefatigability of creative search in any sphere of human being and public consciousness of N. P. Ogarev and each of presented thinkers are saved an attractive force nowadays. The article shows the phenomenon of dilettantism in music of higher test through the special “type of philosophizing” in music, the analysis of which allowed us to feel music in this phenomenon as wealth, beneficence, as a free stream, as something - the most precious in life. In this perspective the paper material is new.

22-32

Authors: M. A. Eldin.

Byzantium and Golden Horde are two, certainly unequal, sources of Russian Imperia cul¬tural traditions. Rus’ was included in the «Byzantine Commonwealth» (D. Obolensky, 1971); its governor in Byzantine hierarchy bore the title o sm трапе^п? оффшод (offici¬ant) of the Emperor. In the Nomadic Empire of the Golden Horde Rus’ranked as a vassal for more than two centuries. Russia took the ideology and technology of the Imperial traditions of the Russians in Eurasia from these two sources. The dualistic «universality» of the spiritual power of the Russian state has originated from the said sources too.

39-47

Authors: S. I. Malozemov.

The article considers the problem of food security in the context of the globalization and current state of providing food security taking into account the prospects specified in the Food Security Doctrine.

53-57

Authors: S. A. Mal’chenkov.

The article is dedicated to the most important regional geostrategic priorities of the Rus¬sian Federation in the last decade of the 20th century. The author focuses on unique quali¬ties of the Russian geopolitical transformation. The article analyses the correlation be¬tween western and eastern directions of the Russia foreign policy.

64-74

Authors: A.P. Lebedev.

The article, basing on the analysis of party and government documents, archival materials, the official statistical data and scientific literature, attempts to consider urgent problems of agrarian policy and rural development in the USSR of 1960 - 1980 years, to find causes of fail in creation of a highly efficient agricultural sector despite numerous solutions in the field of agriculture, to determine the major trends in the evolution of agricultural policy and impact ideological orientation of the ruling party on the solution of the problems of modernization in the agricultural sector.

84-87

Authors: V. K. Abramov.

The article deals with the results of an anthropological research of a Mordvinian ethno¬graphic group, the Teryukhanes, in comparison with other Finno-Ugric groups and Rus¬sian and Turkic groups of the Volga region. The method of cluster analysis is used.

93-97

Authors: E. N. Mokshina, Yu. V. Katlamina.

The article discusses the history and the present state of one of the most respected sacred springs of the Mordovia Republic located in the village of Mordvinian Pibor in the Zubovo-Polyansky district.

102-105

Authors: N. F. Mokshin.

The article considers the problems of the Mordovinian people ethnic self-definition in the context of the results of the 2010 population census.

115-120

Authors: О. N. Tjuljakova.

The article deals with the history and formation of the ethnos-oriented mass media in Mordovia and the moving forces of their development. The aspects under analysis are the following: the peculiarities of the ethnos-oriented mass media’s work, the regional pecu¬liarity of the media and the thematic content of the ethnical information. The article also contains the historical and ethnographical analysis of the regional ethnos-oriented media dealing with language and culture problems.

129-146

Authors: R. Bukvkh.

The paper considers regional and ethnic problems in socialist Yugoslavia during the period 1945-1991. After the World War II Yugoslavia was renewed, but according to previous experience not as an unitary, centrally organized state, but as the federal state of six repub¬lics (with two autonomous provinces in one of them). In the development of the new state regional goals and regional policy were constantly one of the most important purposes, but they were considered as the inter-national problem, so they were little different from these problems in the first Yugoslavia. To them contributed also the status of republics (and au¬tonomous provinces) as macro-regions and reductions of the regional policy to the collec¬tion and distribution of the additional assets for the development of the underdeveloped. In mid 1960’s, when the spatial coordinate system of regional development was replaced with the spatial non-coordinate system, regional problems multiplied, and the country and its parts suffered losses. It was the regional, i.e. ethnic problem the one that got overly serious and lead to the destruction of the country.

153-158

Authors: О. А. Bogatova.

The article analyzes the attitudes and characteristics of modern Russian religious believers (case study of the Republic of Mordovia). From author’s point of view, the religiosity of modern Russian orthodox believers at a level of religious representations, and also motivations of behavior, includes both religious (orthodox christian), and secular attitudes and values including a priority of an individual choice in regulation by believers of a degree of the communication with the parish com¬munities and submission to authority of clergy of various levels, and also regulation of own ritual behavior; attitudes to personal interpretation of religious doctrines on the basis of representations both orthodox as “heterodox”, magic and quasi-religious or quasi-scien- tific character; attitudes of a part of orthodox believers on independent, besides the parish community, forming of their relations with God; the “goal-directed” attitude to religion as to means of decision of the practical everyday problems; a priority of secular values in everyday behavior of the believers.The motives of such believers may be quite different, but all they recognize the Church’s authority to such extent to what they need, also they arrange their ritual behavior and contacts with priests in their own manner, looking at their religiosity as the part of their private life which requires their personal needs. Such religiosity demonstrates their cul¬tural and ethnic/national identity, but it doesn’t integrate such believers into local parish communities. So, most of Russian Orthodox Christians must be defined as “secular believers”. Secular religiousity is that kind of religiousity which associated with the private life of believer and converted into the object of personal choice, personal conceptualization and personal regulation of the participation in religious practices. Secular believer is believer which construct ones relationship with God independently while declaring oneself belonging to the certain religious tradition. In the paper the social attitudes and features of religiousness of modern Russian believers on the Republic Mordovia example are analyzed. Concerning to data of mass interrogation of the population of Republic Mordovia the author does a conclusion that this region of Russia shows a typical case of «secular religiousness», poorly connected with institutional structure of religious communities and their ritual practices. In spite of the fact that ap¬proximately 90 % of the population, judging by data of interrogations, identify themselves as orthodox christians, their religiousness is characterized by weak degree of confessional involvement correlating with the tolerant attitude to representatives to other faiths. The survey data also demonstrate that religious values and installations do not render appreci¬able influence on consciousness and social behaviour of believers as the potential factor of harmonisation/desintegration of group interests, and also on opinion of respondents on actual political questions.

165-171

Authors: D. S. Blinov, N. N. Chernova, O. P. Balykova, S. A. Ljapina, O. V. Koblova.

The article considers the issues of human nutrition, which is one of the main determinants of health. Health directly depends on the quality of products. The purpose of the research is to study the food market of the Republic of Mordovia for the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) undeclared in ingredient composition. The findings state that the products presented on the food market of the Republic of Mordovia conform to ingre¬dient compositions indicated on packages.

177-180

Authors: V. N. Mot’kin.

This article analyzes the efficiency of the reception office of the Russian Federation Presi¬dent in the Republic of Mordovia for the implementation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens. The paper analyzes the statistical data and gives a detailed analysis of the most frequent applications of citizens admitted to the reception office of the Russian Federation President in the Republic of Mordovia in 2013. In accordance with the classifier, the following problem blocks were identified: “Housing”, “Defense, security, rule of law” and “Social services”. The article also describes the causes of the problems and the mea¬sures taken by the reception office to solve them. Appeals are the most important source of information necessary for authorities to make decisions that protect the interests of citizens. With the help of the reception office citizens can influence on the government at all levels and monitor its activities using the right to appeal, which remains one of the most effective mechanisms and priorities of civil society.

187-193

Authors: K. M. Romanov.

The article considers the most important features of radical social groups. The author attributes asocial interests and goals of groups, deviant group sanctions, opposition, strategy of distancing itself from society, a destructive influence on the members of the complaint on the uniqueness and exclusiveness and high level of cohesion and organization, closeness to «strangers», group-centrism to the socio-psychological characteristics. The article presents psychological prescriptions for work with radical groups, their leaders and members. The strategies for refuting false arguments, raising the level of humanitarization of an education, searching General characteristics, comparing with other groups, decentralizing group positions, debunking the image of a leader, depreciating group norms, the security y for the members of radical groups who leave the group are described

199-205

Authors: Yа. Tsvetkov.

The article analyzes tacit knowledge. This article describes the different types of implicit knowledge, the reasons for the appearance of tacit knowledge, and the types of tacit knowledge and knowledge associated with tacit knowledge. An attempt to indicate different types of tacit knowledge has been made. The author shows that the study of tacit knowledge can create mechanisms for transferring tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The article also shows that the study of tacit knowledge provides the increase of explicit knowledge.

17-27

Authors: V. V. Andreev

Formation of non-uniform spatial and temporal structures in adsorption layer on the uniform surface of dielectric, semiconductor or metal is investigated. Such structures appear as result of non-thermal interaction with the laser irradiation of relatively weak intensity. The intensity of laser irradiation in cross section is distributed accordingly to the Gauss law. It is shown that spatial and temporal non-uniformities in the adsorption layer appear due to lateral interaction of dipoles, induced in adsorption particles under influence of laser irradiation

43-49

Authors: G. V. Shilova, P. G. Zverev, L. I. Ivleva.

The work is devoted to the investigation of phase transitions using second harmonic gen- eration (SHG) in strontium barium niobate (SBN) powders. In the bulk SBN crystals the phase matching conditions for SHG of 1064 nm radiation cannot be satisfied. Powders of SBN crystals with average size equaled to coherence length were investigated in the paper. The obtained experimental energy dependencies are described by the quadratic law that corresponded to the second order nonlinear process. It was found that the increase of crys- tal temperature resulted in the reduction of SHG efficiency is caused by phase transition of the crystal from ferroelectric to paraelectric phase. The phase transition temperatures for pure and doped SBN crystals were determined.

58-64

Authors: L. A. Zhivechkova, A. A. Samsonkin, E. E. Muryumin, M. K. Pryanichnikova, E. P. Konovalova, B. S. Tanaseichuk

Has been studied dehydrating properties 2,2'-(antracene-9,10-diylidene)bis(4,5-diphe-nyl-2H-imidazole). It was found that in the reaction with diphenylamine, hidroqinone, diphenylpicrylhidrazine, acetic acid is formed by source bisimidazole. It was found that in the reaction with phenotiazine - product attaching phenotiazine with 2,2'-(antracene-9,10-diylidene)bis(4,5-diphenyl-2H-imidazole). Was the reaction kinetics of phenotiazine with 2,2'-(antracene-9,10-diylidene)bis(4,5-diphenyl-2H-imidazole). Found that the rate of this reaction is described by the eguation of the second order (the first for each of the participating in the reaction components). Suggested the structure of product attaching of phenotiazine to 2,2'-(antracene-9,10-diylidene)bis(4,5-diphenyl-2H-imidazole).

69-75

Authors: B. S. Tanaseichuk, A. I. Azrapkina, Yu. A. Markelova, E. E. Muryumin, M. K. Pryanichnikova.

Was maid a synthesis of 2-(9-antracenil)-4,5- diphenilimidazole. With its oxidation in al- kaline medium is formed the short-lived radical forming a dimer. On the basis of INFRA- RED spectra and quantum-chemical calculations, it was suggested that the dimerization of radical is meso-status of antracenil′s and was maid the possible structure of the dimer 2-(9-antracenil)-4,5- diphenilimidazole

81-84

Authors: A. A. Gorbunov

In the article we have considered the capacity of mercury amount measurement in linear 16 mm tube fluorescent lamps. The peculiarities of production of the prototypes capacity of small diameter fluorescent lamps using amalgamation process are described. The possibility of mercury dispensing with high accuracy in the tube is shown, improvement of the ecology of working conditions during the lamp manufacturing without using mercury in liquid state is featured.

89-97

Authors: O. E. Zheleznikova, S. A. Amel’kina, L. V. Sinitsyna, M. P. Kulikova.

The article considers the results of psychophysiological and hygienic researches on the evaluation of LED-based lighting influence on the human organs of vision and the organism in whole. Experimental research installation is described. We have calculated values of integrated indicators of LED lighting efficiency. The practical importance of results received is shown.

104-106

Authors: Е. N. Kaninina

The article addresses the range issue, dedicated to the supervision of production and realization of children’s games and toys. The quality and safety of a significant part of toys sold on the consumer market, does not meet the requirements. Determined by the range of tasks required for decisions to prevent the sale of the dangerous toys.

113-118

Authors: T. A. Popov, V. V. Rodin.

We consider an input analog data into a personal computer. Block diagram of the program the microcontroller to convert the data is provided. A circuit diagram of input devices is described.

125-131

Authors: Yu. S. Igol’nikov, A. A. Kurganov.

This paper considers the development of circuitry rectifiers based on the new ring circuit with smoothing reactor providing both six-pulse and twelve-pulse modes of rectification. The results of modeling and experimental validation of these schemes are presented.

139-147

Authors: V. D. Shiryaev, E. V. Anoshchenkova.

The object of the research is a game of pursuit with squared «life line» S={(x;y)|−d≤x≤d,−d≤y≤d}. A solution of the game of pursuit is constructed on the following basis: assume an evader (Player E) uses piecewise constant strategies, whereas a pursuer (Player P) uses discrimination strategies. Under these conditions, sections of winning sets of players P and E are built.

154-160

Authors: I. F. Dushin, S. Ye. Maskaykina, N. I. Polueshina, N. G. Vаvаеvа.

The problem for case gear pump design, using FEM (finite elements method) is considering in this article. FEM realized in CAD/CAE SolidWorks Simulation software with revealed boundary conditions. The results are presented in the diagram form for stress and strain behavior and can be used in engineering practice for optimal parameters defining in weight minimization problem.

165-170

Authors: A. M. Kolenchenko, E. N. Kolenchenko.

In this article we have specified methods of network controlling realization on the basis of the analytical model of a network, which is described with the help of different stochastic state equations. Ways of implementation of dynamic methods of network management are shown. Those methods are: optimal dynamic controlling of data flows distribution in local network, the controlling of volume of entering data flows (management of access to a network) and management of network topology. All this testifies to the universality of given model and to the possibility of developing the algorithm of optimal dynamic management of the third (network) level according to the OSI standard on this basis.

177-181

Authors: I. V. Gulyaev, А. V. Volkov.

The article considers new technical solutions for an electric drive system based on asyncronized permanent magnet motor. Implementation of it will enable the handling of electric drives of different complexity levels and substantially improve the price components of manufacturing enterprises.

195-200

Authors: M. A. Spirina, I. V. Boynova, P. V. Zelentsov

Endogenous intoxication is one of the major pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of multiple organ failure. The experiments on dogs were done. On the course of the study was investigated the antioxidant effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on the severity of peritoneal endotoxemia. The ability of intravascular laser irradiation of blood to reduce the level dysmetabolic violations in brain tissue was detected. Were registred the decline in the concentration of toxic substances in the cerebral tissue and the membrane-stabilizing effect of laser therapy.