Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya

19-25

Authors: Timur A. Magsumov

The author analyzes the experience of preparing and conducting local history tours by students of a pedagogical university and emphasizes the need to turn school guided tours into interactive technology of students’ educational and research activities, proposing to introduce a similar practice in the training of future teachers. Understanding the experience of the development and preparation of local history tours by students showed the complex nature of such work, which should be carried out in project groups. Among the proposed recommendations, the author highlighted the need to collect material from various groups of sources, to familiarize oneself with the tour objects and routes beforehand, build a logical series of the shown objects in a problem-chronological sequence. The preparation of the tour documentation presents a great challenge, so the preliminary defense of the prepared developments is recommended.

14-31

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

Analyzing various aspects of the development of modern mass media literacy education in Ukraine, the author concludes that in recent years Ukrainian media educators have increasingly directed the development of mass media education in support of confrontation and ideological propaganda, while all the thematic blocks of media education programs should equally give the audience an idea that there are no ideal democratic states in the world with ideally objective mass media. That is why media literacy education activities need not ideological but sociocultural concepts (including, of course, both analytical and practical components) that allow the audience to comprehensively master the ambiguous world of media culture.

43-52

Authors: Roman Salny

The article is devoted to the modern concept of media education in Armenia. The author traces the connection of social and political processes in the country with the ideology of Armenian media education. The main events related to its development are described: conferences, symposia, seminars, manuals and training programs. The activity of public organizations and state structures developing media education is investigated. The activity of the center of media education and the center of media initiatives – the main coordinators of this pedagogical direction, formulating goals and objectives, preparing manuals and programs, organizing a dialogue between different expert communities. Comparison of social and political processes and positions of Armenian media pedagogues in the relations of the concept of media education allowed the author to draw conclusions about the absence of a clearly formulated media educational concept; journalistic approach to the development of media educational techniques; the prevalence of protectionist, practical approaches and the theory of critical thinking; the lack of criteria for assessing the level of media literacy. In the course of the analysis of the influence of foreign approaches, it is concluded that the Armenian media pedagogues narrow down the theory of critical thinking development in the world of media education. Its Armenian version has three main directions: political subtext, emotional coloring and possible goals of media agencies. The article provides examples of methods implemented in the framework of school courses, guidelines, creative tasks and problematic issues. They led to the conclusion that the Armenian media pedagogues ignored the qualitative level of media texts and their artistic component. The definition of the most important task of media education: protecting the audience from the negative impact of the media has led to the neglect of other equally important tasks formulated by the world's leading media education, for example, the development of aesthetic tastes and needs

82-97

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

The article about main lines of russian feature film history: from 1898 to modern times. The history of Russian cinema goes back more than a century, it knew the stages of rise and fall, ideological repression and complete creative freedom. This controversial history was studied by both Russian and foreign scientists. Of course, Soviet and Western scientists studied Soviet cinema from different ideological positions. Soviet filmmakers were generally active in supporting socialist realism in cinema, while Western scholars, on the contrary, rejected this method and paid great attention to the Soviet film avant-garde of the 1920s. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the situation changed: russian and foreign film historians began to study cinema in a similar methodological manner, focusing on both ideological and socio-cultural aspects of the cinematographic process.

109-119

Authors: Veronica M. Grebennikova, Natalya I. Nikitina, Nikolai Yu. Padylin

The article reveals the features of the communicative and social sphere of younger teenagers on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature. Art therapy is considered as a means of correction and development of communicative and social qualities of younger teenagers. Characteristics of types (directions) of art therapy and their influence on personal development of younger teenagers are given. The technique of art therapy sessions with younger teenagers is considered. Stages, procedures of organization and carrying out of empirical research of influence of art therapy on communicative and social characteristics of younger teenagers are described. The materials and results of this article can be applied in practice by specialists of various profiles (teachers of additional education, teachers-psychologists, social teachers, specialists in social work, etc.) in the Centers of social assistance to the family and children, in institutions of additional education of children and adults, in the Centers of social support of the family and childhood, in children's health camps to improve the communicative and social qualities, characteristics of younger adolescents.

16-29

Authors: Olga Gorbatkova

This article presents hermeneutical analysis (including: analysis of stereotypes, ideological analysis, identification analysis, iconographic analysis, plot analysis, character analysis, etc.) of сomedy films of English-speaking countries on school and university topics. Author comes to conclusions, that: comedy is not directly related to key international political events, although to some extent were in some dependence on domestic policies; the surge of comedy films about school life is typical for the period of the 1980s, and the second peak occurred in the XXI century. since the late 1960es many comedies about schoolchildren/students the themes of sex, violence, cruelty become the leading. Transformation in comedies on the subject of school and University is developing in several ways: a) conflict-free socialization is carried out through the prism of values, norms and rules of conduct of the older generation (1930s – 1940s); b) rehabilitation, marginal and anti-social behaviour to the adoption of social norms and values (1950s); c) socialization through the conflict, including the transformation of not only character, but also society as a whole (during the 1960s); d) socialization through disappointment, failure, growing up in the period of the 1970s); e) refusal of socialization pointing to the crisis of society (in the cinema of this kind, the narrative is used periodically, since the late 1970s); e) heroes of movies of the 1980s are not subjected to all sorts of changes, but only gaining experience, improve their social skills, this feature is characteristic of comedy and to date. Film stories about schoolchildren and students are devoid of intellectual disputes, but are densely immersed in love themes, sexual relations intrigues; activity of students is mainly focused on entertainment, leisure, racket, loving relationship and sex, the educational process in the movie plays a minor role; among the characters clearly property differentiation. Attitude of teachers and students lost their clear boundaries of subordination can be clearly observed the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic style of communication, it is mainly due to was a loss of prestige of the teaching profession in the eyes of the students and the public, have been developed for several decades. In modern comedy movies we can see the images of young teachers-women/men, often lonely and unsettled, showing indifference and negativity to their profession. These comedies have positive attitude to the manifestation of emancipation in behavior and sexual relations (including homosexual) between students/students (and even between teachers and students) with the tendency to the image of free, pronounced, emphasizing the female sexuality of the appearance of students and teachers. These comedies are neutral position to the use of juvenile students and teachers of drugs, alcoholic beverages, etc., and the ambivalent attitude of the authors to almost all the characters, even those who a few years ago according to all rules would be considered negative.

41-52

Authors: Dmytro V. Kudinov

The publication reflects various aspects of existence of an educational institution, unique in terms of establishment and social composition. The issues of Miropole private women gymnasium placement and development, financing and material support, management and personnel policy, and educational activities organization are investigated in the article. The emphasize is put on the national character of the school creation and the role of its founders, in particular, of the gymnasium head Maria Ivanovna Mikhaylichenko. Moreover, the possibilities of education continuation and employment of graduates are specified, the work paths of particular pedagogues are traced, and their list is supplied. The source base and the prospect of further research on Miropole 'peasant school' past are characterized.

75-87

Authors: Ekaterina Y. Zharova

Physic and Mathematics faculties appeared in the universities of Russian Empire at the beginning of XIX century and Natural departments appeared only at the ending of the 1830-s – beginning of the 1840-s. That’s why professors’ positions of specialization in biology were taken by persons with medical education. Utilitarian view at the University was attractive for noble students, who didn’t want to make a career in science that was the reason for prevalence of the clergy and foreigners/emigrants’ children among biology professors at the second quarter of XIX century. Among four biology professors of the 1830-50-s who didn’t have medical education only two had graduated from Natural departments of Russian Universities, one was a graduating student of Main Pedagogical Institute, one more was a graduating student of Dorpat University. Only in the 1860-s situation was changed: science as an occupation for nobles became not “dishonourable”, general success of science gave a birth to the great interest in society and provoked young men to enter Natural departments and the development of educational and scientific institutions needs skilled personnel. As a result of these processes at the second half of XIX century the absolute majority of biology professors from Natural departments of Russian Universities were their graduating students.

105-117

Authors: Alexander A. Bessolitsyn

The purpose of the article is to research the activity of the state authorities and social organizations aimed at the establishment of the system of industrial education during the economic modernization in Russia at the edge of XIX–XX centuries. The research is based on the discussions about the relation between the general and special education, raised in the specialized journals devoted to the problems of technical and commercial education, as well as the discussion of these problems in the course of the activity of the branch congresses of entrepreneurs, who were potentially interested in training of the new employees for the developing industry. The respective debates reflected the willingness of the state and society to solve the problem of increasing the quality of human capital, which should have helped to complete the programme of the country’s social and economic development. The author makes a conclusion that, taking into account the low level of the general education, both among the workers at industrial enterprises and among the whole country’s population, the educational institutions of technical and commercial specialization faced the problem to determine the optimal educational programme which was easy to learn for the students of specialized educational institutions taking into account the significant deficit of knowledge received at general school. This situation resulted in the fact that Russian technical institutions and high schools had to compensate the deficit of humanitarian education by means of widening the list of general theoretical disciplines which, in its turn, resulted in the increased normative terms of education and, in this regard, negatively affected the speed of development of special education. The other side of this problem was the ambition to develop the own original model of training employees for the developing industry, having not only specialized knowledge but also a solid general theoretical education, which definitely increased the quality of human capital during the transformation of the agricultural state into the industrial one.

133-144

Authors: Alexey N. Grebenkin

This article presents the attempt of reconstruction of negative traditions existed in Orel Bakhtin cadet corps in the beginning of XX cent. The study is based on unpublished documents – the journals of pedagogical committee of the corps. The results of study show that governmental politics which was aimed at the extermination of bad tempers of pupils caused the significant transformation of sociocultural space of Orel Bakhtin cadet corps. The main reason of it was the coordinated work of pedagogical staff headed by V.L. Lobachevsky (in 1902-1905) and R.C. Luther (in 1905-1917). Proper measures based on instructions of the General department of military schools allowed to moderate the forms of hazing between pupils, give the positive direction to the tradition of comradeship and almost completely eliminate the homoerotic expressions. These achievements conduced to the improvement of the moral climate in the institution, helped to increase the class discipline and academic performance, promoted the cultural and aesthetic development of pupils. Results of this study may be used in the course of organization of pedagogical activity in contemporary military educational institutions of different levels, as well as in boarding educational institutions.

158-163

Authors: Veronika V. Alekseeva

In the article, on the basis of archrival’s documents, the contribution of the minister of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic F. Kh. Mustafina to the system of children's preschool education of the republic is analyzed. The chronological framework of work covers the period from 1955 to 1971. At this time in the country a number of the important normative documents which exerted impact on the system of preschool education were adopted. 1) Two types of preschool institution were united in one establishment: children's day nursery and kindergarten. 2) Approbation is carried out and the new "Program of education in kindergarten" is adopted to work. 3) The republican meeting on aesthetic education of children which was attended by teachers from the neighboring areas is organized. 4) The attention to the identity of the teacher was paid: his initiative, pedagogical skill, general political preparation. 5) Develops sensory education of children. 6) In physical training the main attention is directed to mobile sports: skis and skating. 7) Educational process is built about accounting of aesthetic education. 8) The attention of teachers is drawn of a children's game. 9) Kindergartens build according to special standard projects. 10) Dark furniture is replaced with shelves of light colors. 11) Inside the kindergarten there are artistic folk art. 12) The yard of kindergarten, where you can play from a place for childish sports. 13) The experience of teachers was recognized at the exhibition of achievements of the national economy of the USSR.

171-184

Authors: Alexander Yu. Morozov

The article is an overview of regional history textbooks and learning guides. We have chosen 95 items that were issued during the period from 2000 to 2016 inclusively in different territories of Russian Federation. This source base is very various and it helped us to understand the situation about educational literature on regional history. Basing on the completed analysis, we defined the main aims of learning the history of native land using contemporary textbooks and learning guides. These aims are: forming a knowledge about the importance of native land, its achievements and problems; development of the ability to work with sources on lessons and after classes. To solve these problems we tried to include regional history in the system of Russian history teaching. We tried to take into account students’ knowledge level and age features. We foreseeing the relationship between regional history textbooks (learning guides) and the common course of Russian history. We attempt to aim regional historic courses at using intersubject communications, which are the foundation of integration of students’ knowledge with their practical skills. Nevertheless, these intensions often remain no realized. In connection with this, we suggest to develop a compulsory external examination procedure of regional history textbooks and learning guides with a system of corresponding requirements.