Mineralogical Journal

22-34

Authors: V.I. Pavlyshyn, D.S. Chernysh, H.O. Kulchytska, O.I. Matkovskyi

Some regularities of the interrelation of the genesis and minerals distribution in the bowels based on the analysis of information on the temporal and spatial distribution of minerals in geological complexes, primarily in Ukraine, were revealed. The distribution of minerals in magmatic complexes, pegmatites, hydrothermalites and metamorphites was studied. The relationship between tectonics and the distribution of minerals is noted. There is a clear direction of the geological development of the earth's crust: the pacification of tectonic processes — the growth of platforms — the differentiation of mineral matter. The number of formed mineral species increased rapidly from Archean to Phanerozoic complexes, from "basaltic" to "crustal" mineral formation, from ultrabasic rocks to acid ones. The Pre-Greenstone crust of Ukrainian Shield (USh) is predominantly represented by plagioclases and pyroxenes; with the development of granitoids, quartz and alkali feldspars joined them. From early to late stages of USh development, the number of species increased by an order of magnitude. Near-Azov megablock is in the first place. Maximum species formation is associated with alkaline magmatism and processes involving volatile components, in particular pegmatite formation. The number of minerals in pegmatites reaches hundreds of species. Mountain building led to the destruction of igneous rocks and the formation of new minerals. The appearance of free oxygen became a powerful factor in mineral formation. Superimposed processes with the supplying of deep fluids contributed to the transformation and redistribution of minerals and the formation of polygenic ores. The distribution of minerals makes it possible to detect typomorphic species for certain processes, which can be used to determine the criteria of mineralization, its scale, and the erosion section of ore bodies. The distribution of various mineral species, and the same species with identified macro- and microdefects, as a result of the conditions of mineral formation, is of practical importance.

43-60

Authors: S.G. Kryvdik, O.V. Dubyna, V.M. Belsky

Two species types of basic rocks contrasting in chemical and mineral composition were investigated within the Korsun-Novomyrhorod anorthosite-rapakivigranite pluton (KNP) of the Proterozoic age. In comparison to more typical basic rocks of KNP, the investigated rocks are presented by the extremely Fe-rich fayalite gabbroids and the most MgO enriched biotite gabbronorite. The first of them occupy a deeper level of the Horodishche massif in the central part of KNP. According to a high-Fe association of minerals and reduced or low An content in plagioclase they may represent the crystallization of a highly evolved basic melt (after anorthosite and gabbronorites separation), which were crystallized under abyssal conditions and low oxygen fugacity. Preliminary geochemical data indicate that trace elements concentration and negligible negative Eu-anomalies (0.72-0.95) are similar to most distributed basic rocks but unlike the last it is slightly differed by decreasing La/Yb and enriched in Sc (up to 118 ppm). Thus, we suppose those rocks might be crystallized as a result of mixing highly differentiated (iron and alkali enriched) melt with the early generation of anorthitic plagioclase, with subsequent dissolution of the last. Enrichment in iron of the mafic minerals and increasing of alkalinity of plagioclase in the basic rocks is consistent with the appearance of ferrodioritic melts as a product of prolonged crystalline differentiation of the initial melt. In contrast to fayalitic gabbroids, the pyroxene-biotite gabbronorites from the border zone in according to increased Mg# of the mafic minerals and rocks are obviously the least differentiated varieties of the anorthosite-gabbronorite series. The regularities in chemical composition in such type of rocks are consistent with the liquid line of dissent for basic rocks in KNP, which implies their crystallization at an earlier stage of magma ascending. By composition, such melt can be formed at an intermediate stage from slightly differentiated melt. This is indicated by enrichment in Sr (453-881 ppm) and Ba (910-930 ppm), Eu/Eu* (0.85-1.10), increased content MgO (up to 8 wt. %), Cr and V (59-193 and 169-350 ppm respectively). At the same time these rocks are enriched in Zr and Hf (378-478 and 10.3-12.02 ppm respectively), highly enriched in Rb (169-192 ppm), with moderate Nb and Ta content (14.6-18.1 and 0.91-2.84 ppm respectively) that point out to interaction and partial assimilation by crust material. Summarizing geological data of the deep drill-holes, it is possible to reveal a general direction of the mafic minerals evolution in the basic rocks and the evidences of cryptic layering. The last are quite clearly manifested both in the large gabbro-anorthosite massifs and individual intrusive bodies. We suppose that the evolution trend of mafic mineral composition are consistent with the tholeiitic trend differentiation of the primary melt with gradual increasing of iron content (under low oxygen fugacity) during differentiation and ascending in the upper crust. According to this interpretation of the inner structure of gabbro-anorthositic massifs, on the modern erosional level of KNP are often exposed the fragments of the upper (or lateral) layered series (Fe-enriched), less often the drill-holes reach up to the heads of the lower layered series.

84-93

Authors: B.G. Shabalin, K.K. Yaroshenko, O.M. Lavrynenko, O.Yu. Pavlenko

The article reveals the regularities of the overall process of ozonolytic destruction of organic components of model drain water from nuclear power plants and sorption of imitators of the main dose-forming radionuclides (Cs — with the isotopic 137Cs label; stable isotopes of Co, Sr, Mn salts) by natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsky deposit and sorption-reagent compounds — salts of ferrous and manganese (II). The chemical composition of the main elements of zeolite after ozonation with the addition of iron and manganese salts practically does not differ from the composition of natural zeolite. Its phase composition in the ozonation process in the presence of ferrum salts is represented by the main rock-forming mineral clinoptilolite and the secondary mineral — quartz. The main ferrum-containing phase on the zeolite surface is goethite. Secondary phases include Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides (Green Rust) and lepidocrocite, but their relative content is insignificant. For zeolites, after ozonation with the addition of both ferrous and manganese (II) salts, the main phases are clinoptilolite and quartz. Manganese-containing phases on the zeolite surface are represented by hausmannite Mn3O4, manganese (II) oxide, and manganese oxyhydroxide MnO(OH)2. The iron- and manganese-containing phases deposited on the surface of the zeolite in the process of ozonation are mainly characterized by a weakly crystallized or amorphized structure. The main sorbent of dose-forming radionuclides is zeolite, not the iron- and manganese-containing compounds that formed on its surface during ozonolysis. The maximum degree of sorption of 137Cs by zeolite is up to 90% when the concentration of Fe2+ is increased to 50 mg/dm3 or Mn2+ to 100 mg/dm3. The degree of cobalt sorption is 97.5% at the initial typical concentration of competing cations (Fe2+ — 5 mg/dm3; Mn2+ — 10 mg/dm3) and when Mn2+ concentration increases to 100 mg/dm3. The maximum degree of extraction of Sr2+ and Mn2+ is 99.4% and 99.9%, respectively. For effective extraction of 137Cs and Co2+ by zeolite in the ozonation process, an increase in the concentration of competing Fe2+ cations is permissible — 50 mg/dm3; Mn2+ — 100 mg/dm3 in solutions. The efficiency of extraction of Sr2+ and Mn2+ practically does not depend on the concentration of competing cations (Fe2+, Mn2+) in the drain water solutions.

102-124

Authors: V.O. Syomka, O.M. Ponomarenko, L.M. Stepanyuk, S.M. Bondarenko, V.V. Sukach, S.I. Kurylo, M.O. Donskyi

New results of mineralogic-petrographical and ore-geochemical research on Li-pegmatites and host rocks of Stankuvatka and Polokhivka ore fields of western part of Inhul megablock of the Ukrainian Shield are presented. Petrographic characteristics of host rocks, such as granites, metapelites, metabasites and ultrabasites are described. Aplite-pegmatoid granites related to Li-pegmatites have been dated as 2026-2042 Ma by means of U-Pb isotopic analysis of monazites. Li-pegmatites were formed during two stages: 1) magmatic, when formation of oreless quartz-albite-microcline pegmatites happened; 2) hydothermal-metasomatic, when residual fluid rich in rare elements affects previously formed minerals; it is reflected in presence of several generations of Li-bearing and rock-forming minerals. Initial magma was peraluminous, depleted with mafic components, and with water deficit. Albite was a first mineral crystallized in researched pegmatites. Then albite+quartz were crystallized. Then at the end microcline+quartz were formed in the central part of pegmatite veins. Petalite and spodumene were formed at the final hydrothermal-metasomatic stage. Practical importance of ores with secondary mineralization mainly presented with petalite and spodumene has been defined. Petalite ore type of Polokhivka deposit and petalite-spodumene mixed ore type of Stankuvatka deposit have a crucial role. Microprobe chemical analysis of accessory mineralization presented with triphylite, montebrasite, and other Lithium phosphates has been carried out. These minerals were detected in pegmatites and in metasomatically altered host rocks. They can be reliable criteria during geological exploration of Lithium at other locations of Shpola-Tashlyk ore district.

140-147

Authors: O.I. Matkovskyi, Ye.M. Slyvko

The mineralogical science history occupies a prominent place in academician Ye. Lazarenko's scientific and pedagogical works: in monographic summaries of regional and genetic mineralogy, five editions of the textbook "Course of Mineralogy", the famous "Mineralogical Dictionary". A number of separate articles (individual or with co-authors) are devoted to the history of mineralogy in general and Ukraine in particular. Not all of the scientist's ideas were realized during his lifetime, but students and followers of Yevhen Kostiantynovych — representatives of the scientific mineralogical school that bears his name, a member of the Ukrainian Mineralogical Society, try to continue the work of their teacher. Various aspects of the history of the development of mineralogical research are covered in specialized publications — "Mineralogical Collection", "Mineralogical Journal", "Proceedings of the Ukrainian Mineralogical Society". They are discussed at scientific readings named after Academician Ye. Lazarenko, congresses of the Ukrainian Mineralogical Society and other scientific forums. The separate chapters in modern textbooks, educational aids, reference publications are devoted to the history of mineralogical development in Ukraine and in general; in recent years a number of specialized monographic publications were published.