Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

19-26

Authors: P Manivannan, S Arivoli, S Raja Mohammed

The present research work deals with utilization of Hibiscus sabdariffa stem as an adsorbent for the removal of RhB dyes from the aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, dose of sorbent, chloride ions and pH were considered. Adsorption isotherm data were tested with using Langmuir and Freundlich modes and the adsorption follows both models. The kinetic studies made with pseudo second order, Elovich model and intra- particle diffusion model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆H0, ∆S0 and ∆G0 were evaluated which indicated that the adsorption was follows spontaneous and endothermic nature.

35-39

Authors: Yahaya S Babatunde, Achema Felix, Ekpe E Esor, Atakpu O Dennis

Low carbon steel is cheap and easily available, having all material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Heat treatment carried out on low carbon steel is to improve the properties such as ductility, toughness, machinability, refine grain structure, strength, hardness, tensile strength and to relive internal stress developed in the materials during cold or hot working. An AISI8620, American standard mild steel was subjected to different heat treatment operations. Low carbon steel with varying mechanical properties that can be utilized in different engineering applications was obtained.

45-54

Authors: Mohammad Moonesun, Yuri Mikhailovich Korol, Sajjad Ardeshiri, Asghar Mahdian, Ataollah Gharechahi, Davood Tahvildarzade, Alexander Ursalov

This paper proposes some new criteria for seakeeping performance of naval submarine seaworthiness behavior. For ships, there are twelve criteria for seaway performance analysis. The scope of mission, systems and device's restrictions, hull shape, hydrostatics and stability properties of ships and submarines are essentially different. In snorkel condition, only snorkel mast is above the water surface. In submerged condition, the submarine is far from the sea surface and ocean waves so that seakeeping is not important and is not discussed. Seakeeping criteria for several kinds of ships such as merchant and Naval ship, single hull and multi-hull ships with different operations, are separately defined but there had not been any obvious criteria for submarines specially for Naval submarines. This paper, by a restatement and review on twelve criteria for ships, proposes some new criteria for naval submarines. These criteria are separately presented for surface condition and snorkel condition because the missions and operational systems, propulsion system, stability condition, draft and wave moments in these two conditions are different. Thus, there are two separate criteria for two conditions. Methodology in this paper is based upon the experiences of authors and a group of specialists in submarine design, and test in the sea, a knowledge on the submarine devices and systems. Computer modeling of seakeeping is performed in Paramarine and Flow Vision software.

64-70

Authors: Joseph O Amaechi, Chinujinim Godstime Thomas

This article unveiled the causes of engineering plant failure. Re examined preventive, corrective/shutdown and predictive maintenance strategies in light of the prevalent maintenance approaches in a contemporary engineering and developing nation, in a bid to proffer effective maintenance strategies that will provide an acceptable level of plant operation. It found maintenance to be a practice that is carried out following detection of an anomaly and aimed at restoring normal operating conditions. This article also revealed that there is no one plant maintenance strategy for all situations and all organizations. Rather, one requires a blend of maintenance strategies that are right for a given operation and for the age of the equipment. Finally, in consideration of the colossal losses in varieties of ways emanating from ineffective maintenance strategies; concludes that it has becomes absolute necessary that the resource managers have to strictly consider the implementation of the suggested strategies of effective engineering plant maintenance with acceptable level of risk, in an efficient and cost-effective manner, as were articulated in this paper.

78-84

Authors: Falode OC, Adewale IA, Ilobeneke SC, Falode ME, Robinson AO

Geography is a diverse science or social science discipline that involves the investigation of man and its physical surroundings. Numerous reasons have been identified to have caused the poor performance of secondary school students in geography among which the use of appropriate instructional strategies or teaching methods is paramount. The study investigated the effectiveness of using discussion method on students’ achievement and retention in geography. The study adopted experimental research design. The sample for the study consisted of sixty (60) Senior Secondary School Class II students. The students selected were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of thirty (30) students each. The instrument used for the study is the Geography Achievement Test (GAT) designed by the researcher. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The data were analyzed using t-test statistics. The result indicated that there was no significant different between the pretest scores of control and experimental group (t (58)=0.217, p=0.829>0.05). There was significant difference between the mean achievement scores of control and experimental group (t (58)=-6.532, p=0.000<0.05) in favour of those taught using discussion method. Also, there was significant difference in the mean retention scores of control and experimental group (t (58) =-7.079, p=0.000<0.05) in favour of those taught using discussion method. It was therefore concluded that discussion method is more effective in improving students’ achievement and retention in geography than the conventional lecture method. It is therefore recommended among others that teachers should be encouraged to employ the use of discussion method in the teaching of human geography.

9-12

Authors: Jitendra Kumawat

Grid computing is a term referring to the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files. What distinguishes grid computing from conventional high performance computing systems such as cluster computing is that grids tend to be more loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed. Although a grid can be dedicated to a specialized application, it is more common that a single grid will be used for a variety of different purposes. Grids are often constructed with the aid of general-purpose grid software libraries known as middleware. Grid size can vary by a considerable amount. Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a “super virtual computer” is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform very large tasks. Furthermore, “distributed” or “grid” computing, in general, is a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a network (private, public or the Internet) by a conventional network interface, such as Ethernet. This is in contrast to the traditional notion of a supercomputer, which has many processors connected by a local high-speed computer bus.

22-35

Authors: Ezeliora Chukwuemeka Daniel, Ejikeme Ifeanyi

This research work presents results on the treatment of vegetable oil effluent using factorial design experiment for Pleurotus Tuberregium Sclerotium Coagulant (PTSC). Optimization studies on physical factors such rapid mix velocity gradient, contact time, pH and dosage of coagulant was also examined. The coagulation performance of vegetable oil effluent was investigated at room temperature using two coagulants, PTSC and alum. The experiments were carried out using the standard jar test method at varying pH and coagulant doses and the bio coagulant processing was based on the work reported by Adebowale and Adebowale (2007). More so, the coagulation reaction rate constant, K, the order of reaction (-rA), coag-flocculation parameters and the distribution of particles were also determined. Turbidity measurement was employed using the nephelometric (Turbidiometric) standard method. PTSC as coagulant the optimum conditions of settling time of 8minutes, dosage of 0.2g and pH of 8.0 reduced the concentration of the particle from 56.4 to 18.5649mg/l and desirability of 0.727, whereas using alum reduced the concentration of the effluent to 16.0494mg/l. The results obtained confirmed that the theory of fast coagulation holds for the treatment of vegetable oil effluent using the coagulant investigated and the conditions of the experiment.

44-50

Authors: Amna Butt, Faryal Mateen, Iqra Javed, Asma Jabeen

Rapid urbanization is leading cause of plant extinction throughout the world as increase in plant use is directly proportional to increase in urbanization. According to the world analysis estimates, the number of threatened plant species throughout the world has reached above 80,000 and is increasing day by day. This is quite an alarming situation thus there is a need to conserve the vulnerable plant species. Several plant conservation techniques have been developed worldwide with varied success rates, however, there is a huge gap between the conservation strategies and techniques used in developed and developing countries of the world and so is the success rate of these techniques in the respective regions. This paper presents a review of national and international plant conservation techniques and how their application can be made successful for the conservation of Pakistani flora.

12-22

Authors: Tonye K Jack

The process plant maintenance planning engineer for rotating equipment is always saddled with the question: When to Repair, Replace critical or poorly functioning part or implement, complete “tear-down” or equipment overhaul? Gas turbine overhauling is usually a well planned project with the required manning and materials requirements properly put in place. The complete equipment overhaul is inclusive of the “which part(s) to repair?” and “which part(s) to replace?” questions, together with the time and costs implications. The gas turbine overhaul planning engineer must apply the concepts of Value engineering and Value analysis to ensure that the operational economic value, post overhaul, is balanced with immeasurable and defined gains to the equipment owner. In this first paper, one such field experience in answering these questions is recounted.

40-51

Authors: Ezeokonkwo John U, Okolie Kelvin Chuks, Ogunoh Peter

Concrete fails when it can no longer provide the required strength to support its designed load. This failure can be mild with visible cracks and deflections or severe, leading to partial or total collapse of the structure either during the construction or post- construction stage. It has been observed that the major cause of this collapse is the use of sub- standard materials mainly poor quality of stone aggregates materials used for concrete production. Previous study on this area centred mainly on other causes of building collapse, with little 'emphasis on coarse aggregate. Therefore, the study is aimed at establishing the qualities of coarse aggregate sourced within Anambra State. Primary and secondary data were used for this study. Samples for the laboratory experiment were obtained from quarry sites at Enugwu-ukwu, Aguleri, Nsugbe, Nikwelle–Ezunaka and Ogbunka. Sieve analysis, Slump test and Cube (crushing strength) were performed using each of the samples. The study observed that the crushing strength and/or compressive strength of the samples at 7 day are between 20-29N/mm' with Ogbunka samples having the highest compressive strength of 29.33N/mm2. Thus, at 7th day, four out of the five samples tested have attained the minimum strength of boncrete (i.e. 21N/mm'). For workability test, the study observed that the percentage of slump for the samples ranges from 21.5 – 41% with Nsugbe samples having the best slump value of 21.5%, For sieve analysis, the researchers observed that the samples were fairly graded. The percentage of the grains passaging through 19.05 diameters is between 64.3 – 84.0%. The study ended with the following recommendations that stones should be properly graded using machines rather than hand breaking. Also stones should be properly washed before using them since most of them are coated with impurities and other clayey substances and muds which may interfere with the process of bonding. Finally, more research should be carried out using un-wash samples from other quarry sites/towns not covered by this study.

71-78

Authors: Tonye K Jack

For the owner of gas turbines (GT) with top in class good history of preventive, and predictive maintenance practices, able to manage its operations efficiently within the time-between-overhaul (TBO) interval, will the repair versus replacement decisions during overhaul, be same, with an owner of questionable maintenance practices with several cases of breakdowns within the TBO interval? And, for both owner types, when is the right time to decide on, and the method to be applied for a “displacement” policy - complete replacement of old gas turbine equipments for new equipments as a result of technological changes, operational inefficiency, or increased maintenance costs? Such Costs and Usage Values, Decisions Analysis is essential in consideration of alternatives in the maintainable equipment overhaul plan. While the GT overhaul repair versus replacement decisions are present economy studies, the “displacement” decision is based on future economy studies of capital recovery. In this paper an approach to assist with the repair versus replacement economic value decision planning is shown through an example in the overhaul of a turbo-compressor, and a basic guide to assist in a gas turbines displacement policy formulation is also given.

94-98

Authors: Jitendra Kumawat

The previously used IPv4 does not deal with the issue of IPsec. It does not inherently provide any security for data transmitted across networks. Even not any integrity and encryption algorithms were used. Presently, IPsec is used widely by nearly all security vendors. It is the primary security protocol used in Virtual Private Networks; IPsec was defined in RFC 2401. The objectives are to analyze whether the IPsec VPNs configure with variety of encryption (3DES, Blowfish and AES) and authentication (HMAC-MD5, HAMC-SHA1) algorithms and to compare their TCP and UDP throughput and request/response time on the network and find out the optimal solution among these algorithm based on their performance in IPsec enable network traffic. The tests have been done with two x86 based hosts in Red Hat Enterprise 2.6.9 kernel and for configure IPsec using ipsec-tools-0.6.6 tool.The measurements are taken by the Netperf version 2.4.1 tools. This work investigates the various encryption and authentication algorithms and foreseeing the effect of these algorithms over network performance. HMAC-MD5 and AES (authentication, encryption) gives the optimum network performance parameter.

110-120

Authors: Mohanned Mahgoup, Elham Khiar

For mature fields, Excessive water production is a complex subject in the oil and gas industries and has a serious economic and environmental impact. Some argue that oil industry is effectively water industry producing oil as a secondary output. Therefore, it is important to realize the different mechanisms that causing water production to better evaluate existing situation and design the optimum solution for the problem. This paper presents the water production and management situation in Jake oilfield in the southeast of Sudan; a cumulative of 14 MMBbl of water was produced till the end of 2014, without actual plan for water management in the field, only conventional shut-off methods have been tested with no success. Based on field production data and the previously applied techniques, this work identified the sources of water problems and attempts to initialize a strategy for controlling the excessive water production in the field. The production data were analyzed and a series of diagnostic plots were presented and compared with Chan’s standard diagnostic plot. As a result, distinction between channeling and conning for each well was identified; the work shows that channeling is the main reason for water production in wells with high permeability sandstone zone while conning appears only in two wells. Finally, the wells were classified according to a risk factor and selections of the candidate wells for water shut off were presented.

16-21

Authors: WISAM NAJM AL-DIN ABED

The aim of this work is to design an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller for speed control of Separately Excited Direct Current Motor (SEDM), and the results are compared with PID controller. The mathematical model using dynamic equations of (SEDM) is simulated using MATLAB simulink. The (SEDM) is loaded with different loads. The comparison between (ANFIS) controller performance and the PID controller is presented. The results show the proposed controller has superior feature, including adaptive characteristics which make the controller robust for wide range of loading conditions, also improving the time response of the plant which reduce the rise time, peak time, peak over shoot and settling time.

28-35

Authors: Hari Mohan, Pardeep Kumar

The problem of triply diffusive magnetoconvection is considered in the present paper. An attempt is made to establish the relationship between various energies in Veronis’ type configurations. The analysis made brings out that for Veronis type configuration, the total kinetic energy associated with a disturbance exceeds the sum of its total magnetic and concentration energies in some particular parameter regime. Further, this result is valid for any combination of dynamically free or rigid boundaries that are either perfectly conducting or insulating.

47-51

Authors: Vijayendra Singh Sankhla, Saurabh Tege

Six Sigma is a loom that improves quality by analyzing data with information. In recent years, there has been a momentous enhancement in the use and expansion of the Six Sigma methodology in industrialized and others. It is high time to have a reassess on the Six Sigma advance. This paper reviews some allied literatures to illustrate methodology, implementation and future researches. The present paper summaries four issues within the sub-category of the early Six Sigma concepts: basic concept, DMAIC, DFSS and exploitation. Then, some sectors that assistance from the execution of Six Sigma are listed out, and the key factors influencing the successful Six Sigma project functioning are identified. At last, some topics for future investigation are offered.