Bulletin of Science and Practice

18-30

Authors: Serdyuk E., Issakova E., Gessler N., Antipov A., Deryabina Yu.

The selection of some clones of the recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica yeast producing an encapsulated high-temperature phytase of Obesumbacterium proteus has been performed. The introduction of the pUV3-Op plasmid affected on neither growth parameters nor development of transformants. The maximum phytase activity was reached after 48 hours of cultivation and showed a wide optimal pH range (5.0–7.0). The growth of transformants in the poor medium using low-value plant raw materials (sunflower meal, wheat middling, crushed corn) as the sole source of phosphates has been studied. During the experiment, biomass accumulation, phytase activity and morphology of the Y. lipolytica transformants were tested. Growth in the sunflower meal containing medium was accompanied by a high level of phytase activity and biomass yield while the cultivation in crushed corn containing medium led to significantly lower level of biomass yield and phytase activity. In the cells of transformants grown using the plant phytate–containing substrates the 3–4 fold increase in inorganic phosphate content was observed compared to that in the initial Y. lipolityca yeast. This study let us conclude that the transformed Y. lipolityca Po1f (pUV3-Op) yeast tested is capable of synthesizing phytase when cultivated in phytate-containing media and can be used to produce fodder additives.

47-55

Authors: Alekseeva A., Sobolev I., Moiseeva K., Poletov S.

The article is devoted to the assessment of the accessibility of medical care to the children of the population in the conditions of a metropolitan suburban area. In the Federal Law “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”, access to health care is one of the fundamental principles. In order to assess the accessibility of medical care on an outpatient basis, an anonymous questionnaire was conducted by 100 parents of the patients of the Children’s Polyclinic in Novodevatkino, which showed that there is a need to improve the availability of primary health care for children.

62-67

Authors: Kharbedia Sh., Moiseeva K., Alekseeva A.

The article is devoted to the study of the quality of medical care in rural health care institutions. In order to assess the quality of medical care for children on an outpatient basis, an anonymous questionnaire was conducted on 100 parents of patients at the Children’s Polyclinic Department of the Novodevatkino Clinic, which showed that on average parents assess the quality of medical care by 4,1±0,08 points. When assessing the activity of the children’s polyclinic department, 65% of parents are satisfied with the quality of medical care, 29% of parents are not entirely satisfied with them and only 2% are not satisfied at all. The main reasons for parents’ dissatisfaction are the large waiting lists for doctors, as well as the difficulties in calling doctors at home.

77-83

Authors: Uzakbaev Ch.

Studies based on neuroimaging methods for examining children with hydrocephalus, who were on treatment at the neurosurgery department of the NCOOMD, were presented. In conclusion, it can be concluded that a complex of diagnostic examinations of children with hydrocephalus should include all modern methods of visualization of brain structures that allow timely diagnosis of the disease and qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocephalus treatment in dynamics. Carrying out neuronography and dopplerography of cerebral vessels to all newborns, even in the absence of clinical symptoms of a dysfunction of the nervous system or in the presence of certain manifestations of dysfunction of the nervous system will contribute to the early detection of hydrocephalus and improve the effectiveness of treatment. An algorithm has been developed for the sequential inclusion of visualization of examination methods in the management of children with hydrocephalus.

88-95

Authors: Gafarbayli K.

The article describes the ecobiogeographical conditions of the Southern slope of the Great Caucasus, which is a part of the Sheki–Zakatala cadastral district. The calculation results have been presented on biological productivity of biocenosis on the basis of the mean perennial data of the precipitations and evaporation the energy balance of biogeocenosis was compiled from the soil formation energetics standpoint on the main types of soils in the article. To carry out this work we used the simulation method. Areas of formation of dominant soil types were determined, such as mountain–forest brown, mountain-forest brown, intrazonal plain meadow–forest and mountain–meadow soils of subalpine and alpine meadows and photo productivity of biocenoses per hectare, subsequently transferred to a total area.

105-115

Authors: Manafova F., Gasanova K., Aslanova G.

A comparative description of the Absheron area with the use of previously collected material and data obtained from field studies was carried out. Field soil and laboratory and laboratory studies were conducted on Absheron. The relief plastics method has identified several types of soil cover structures and determined their soil composition. Based on the research, 11 types of soil cover structures were identified. In conclusion, the authors conclude that it is possible to prevent the waterlogging of Absheron’s soils only if the groundwater level drops below the critical level. The solution for these purposes could be the construction of drainage. But given the complexity of the soil-meliorative state of Absheron, the physical–geographical conditions, the diversity of the relief, it is not possible to recommend a single collector–drainage system for the entire array. In some places, temporary open drainage can be built to lower the level of groundwater. It can be very local.

125-132

Authors: Chachina S., Verba E., Salykina Yu.

The technology of soil remediation contaminated with fuel oil at a concentration of 150 g/kg of soil for one year in Western Siberia using microbiological preparations and earthworms was developed. Earthworms have great potential for removing hydrocarbons from the soil, even at high concentrations up to 100 g/kg. Method of remediation of oil–contaminated soils with fuel oil content up to 150 g/kg by microorganisms (lactic acid, nitrogen–fixing, photosynthetic bacteria) and earthworms Dendrobaena veneta. A method for cleaning and restoring the environmental functions of substrates contaminated with fuel oil and other petroleum products, was that the substrate was treated with biologics, carried out dump soil treatment and steamed for one month, then introduced earthworms in an amount of 1000 PCs./m2, as a nutrient medium used cattle manure (cattle) in a dose of 1 t/ha of contaminated landfill.

140-147

Authors: Mitrofanov Yu., Gulyaev M., Lukyanov S.

The article presents the results of studies on the rates of barley sowing on drained soils. The investigations were carried out in the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands. It has been established that when barley is placed in a crop rotation after good predecessors and grown with the use of the basic elements of intensive technologies, the reduction of the barley sowing rates from 6.0 million/ ha of fresh grains to 4.0 6.0 million/ha does not lead to a decrease in yield. Analysis of the structure of the crop showed that a decrease in the barley seeding rate from 6.0 to 4.0 million ha of virgin grains leads to a 33.8% decrease in plant standstill (from 307 to 244 pieces per m2) and the number of stems with a spike of 13,8%. At the same time, due to the reduction in the number of plants and productive plants, with a decrease in the rate of sowing, crop losses were compensated for by more intensive plant growth and an increase in the mass of grain in the ear. The productive tillering of barley plants increased from 1.38 to 1.80 (by 30.4%), and the preservation of plants by 12.6% (from 78.8 to 91.4%). With a decrease in the sowing rate, the grain mass in the ear increased by 9.5% due to a larger number of grains (by 7.4%) and a weight of 1000 grains (by 1.5%). With a decrease in barley sowing rates from 5.0–6.0 to 4.0 million/ha of virgin grains, the consumption of seeds per 1 ton of grown grain is reduced by 18.8-30.3%, and the direct costs of cultivating barley in terms of 1 ha due to the savings of seeds are reduced by 600-1200 rubles.

154-163

Authors: Fisun M., Egorova Е., Yakushenko О.

Products of viticulture one of most imported and highly sought at the different social layers of the Russian population. Renewal and further development of the industry of viticulture are inevitably related to the mastering of new territories with earth suitable for a vine, mainly in a not cover culture. By important indexes for the estimation of earth mastered under vineyards from one side, used for the bookmark of planting and sorts — with other, there is the stability of fruiting and stability of parameters of quality of the harvest. As a result of stationary supervisions, sorts are certain with the subzero variableness of the productivity (coefficient of variation < 25%), and steady sacchariferous ness of juice for years fruiting: Bianca, Kerner, Cristall, Podarok Magaracha, Riesling, Riton and Levokumskii. Introduction in the complement of the not cover planting of sorts with high резистентностью to the frosts (Onitskanskii, Stepnyak, Podarok Magaracha) it is necessary to combine with the receptions of affecting bushes, sent to the improvement of the quality of the harvest.

171-178

Authors: Panasiuk A., Sakharov V., Kuvshinov A., Maznev D., Smolyaninov Yu.

One of the aspects of soybean plants harvesting of combing method on the root is the issue of transportation of the resulting heap to the body of the field machine. On the basis of previous studies, the pneumatic scheme of transportation of the combing products was chosen. Presented two schemes harvesters: the first circuit is a mobile energy medium with pinning the combine header, transport system and interchangeable trailer; the second scheme — field machine with the combine header, transport system and system of interchangeable body VIM-LIFT. Calculation of the pneumatic conveyor for transportation of the received heap is made.

185-191

Authors: Vagunin D., Kapsamun A., Ivanova N., Ambrosimova N.

The article presents the results of a study of perennial haymaking grass stands on the basis of Galega in the conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The cultivars of eastern goat in mixture with cereal grasses (awnless bromegrass, reed canarygrass, timothy grass) are investigated. Varieties of Galega: Gale of selection of the Estonian Research Institute of Farming and Melioration, Yubilyar and Krivich — GNU Pskov NIISH. The studied varieties are drought-resistant and frost-resistant crops, poorly affected by diseases and pests, which ensure a high economic efficiency. The aim of the research is to study haymaking grass stands on the basis of new species and varieties of leguminous and cereal grasses in single-species and mixed crops, which make it possible to obtain the greatest efficiency when used. Using Galega mixed with grasses provides a balanced on protein quality hay, signage and silage. The dry matter yield over the years of experience was 4.0–11.7 t/ha. The more concentrated Galega is marked in pure crops. In mixed herbage, the cereal component predominates over the legume. With the increase in the age of haymaking grass stands, a gradual replacement of the cereal component occurs. The leaf formation of the bean component was at a high level. More competitive in grass mixtures, according to years of experience, is the Galega variety Krivich. It has been established that in mixture with Galega, awnless bromegrass, reed canarygrass, timothy grass, contribute to improving the quality of the prepared feed. The highest productivity of Galega is noted in the wet and warm year 2017. In pure crops, the yield varied 5.9–11.7 t/ha dry weight, and in mixture with cereals 5.8–9.6 t/ha. On average, over the years of experience, Galega variety Yubilyar is more productive.

198-202

Authors: Isaev S., Rajabov T., Dolidudko A.

The crop yield of each cotton variety depends on its biological properties and on external factors, such as water regime and the amount of mineral nutrition. In 2016, experiments were conducted with a promising cotton variety Bukhara-102 zoned on takyr soils located in the territory of the Kashkadarya experimental station in the Kashkadarya region of the Research Institute of breeding, seed and agricultural technology of cotton growinf. Three variants of sites with different degrees of salinization were determined: non-saline, low and medium saline. To activate the development process, various combinations of mineral nutrition and the time of their introduction were used. The best option among all studied was found to be mineral fertilizers with the standard N-160, P-100 and K-70 kg/ha. Received the highest economic efficiency.

208-211

Authors: Kholliev A., Imomova M.

The results on the use of a number of drugs against pests of grain legumes crops in the territory of the Tashkent and Kashkadarya regions are presented. The work was carried out in farms. The objects for experimental work were the most common crops: kidney beans, mung beans and chickpeas. Etching was carried out according to the developed scheme: before sowing and at the end of the growing season of plants. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out on a sample of 5000 seeds. Concludes on the technology of pest control of grain legumes crops and the method that is most effective is proposed. This development will contribute to improving the yield and preservation of crops growing in the study area.

219-222

Authors: Sodikov B.

The article discusses the use of a fungicide Shavit F 72% with consumption rates of 2.0-2.5 kg/ha. The drug Shavit F 72% use showed high efficacy against Botrytis cinerea Pers. Before treatment with the drug the prevalence of Helianthus annuus L. amounted to 20%. As a result of the application of the fungicide, the biological effectiveness was: on the leaves — 89.5%, on the stems — 89.5%, on the baskets — 89.2%. Determined the optimal rate of consumption of the drug and processing technology.

230-238

Authors: Jin Y., Levtsev A., Shi Y.

This paper designs a pulsating generator to provide pulsating air flow for experiments the relationship between the average flow velocity, pulse and pulsation amplitude and the pulsating flow enhancement heat transfer ratio was discussed respectively. The characteristics of the pulsating flow enhanced heat transfer were analyzed, and the academic research and engineering application of pulsating heat transfer were proposed. This inevitably has an optimal pulsating frequency value at which the maximum vortex generation can be obtained within one pulsation cycle to obtain maximum heat transfer effect, for example, in this experiment; the optimal frequency is 1–1.25 Hz. The effect of Reynolds number Re on the low-frequency pulsation convection heat transfer process is that the low-frequency pulsation can only enhance the convective heat transfer within a certain range of Reynolds numbers. If it exceeds this range, the convective heat transfer is weakened.

254-260

Authors: Shaidurova G., Vasilyev I., Shevyakov Ya., Gatina E., Kulikova Yu.

At present, there is significant growth of consumption and production of polymer composite materials in the course of formation of which the so-called “process waste” is generated in the form of fabrics and fibres used to reinforce composite materials. Consequently, when polymer composite materials production volume increases so does the amount of waste used to fill them. Taking into consideration the relatively high cost and turnover of reinforcing materials, it is quite feasible to re-use them for manufacturing low-loaded parts from polymer composite materials, or as raw materials for manufacturing heat insulating and soundproofing products, or in other industries, for example, in industrial and civil construction. Recycling of fibre materials useful waste obtained in the process of polymer composite materials production is an important area of the disposal problem-solving. Within the framework of the present research assessment of the possibility of carbon and aramid fibres used for industrial rubber products reinforcing in order to improve their mechanical and chemical properties has been carried out. As a result of the research on filling rubber with fibre waste satisfactory characteristics have been obtained in comparison with the control specimens. In general, this approach to solving the problems of process waste recycling is aimed at the creation of the concept of non-waste composite materials manufacturing technology.

273-278

Authors: Shi Y., Levtsev A., Jin Y., Povorov S.

With the continuous deepening of the concept of energy saving and emission reduction, heat pumps have been widely applied to life. With the improvement of heat quality, the corresponding condensation temperature of heat pump devices is required to be high. Therefore, high-temperature heat pumps have become a hot topic, looking for A high-temperature heat pump working fluid is an effective way to develop a high-temperature heat pump device. Exploring a new heat pump cycle mechanism is also an effective way to generate a high-temperature heat pump device. This paper combs the research status of a high-temperature heat pump in the field at home and abroad and analyzes the existing high-temperature heat pump working medium and high-temperature heat pump circulation mechanism, mainly expounds the principle of the existing high-temperature heat pump technology.

286-299

Authors: Peykov A., Kolesnichenko E., Ivanova E., Vyzhimova N.

The problems of optimizing the functioning of the regional infrastructure for supporting entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia are always under the close attention of economists. Such attention to this field of scientific research and practical activity is conditioned by at least two factors: first, its importance for the functioning and economy of the territories, and the entire national economy, and, secondly, the growing role of infrastructure support for entrepreneurial activity in modern conditions. From the level of development of the infrastructure system for the entrepreneurial activity of the territory and the quality of its functioning, ultimately depends not only on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship but also on the investment attractiveness of the region and its innovative activity. The authors, using statistical methods for assessing the relationships, analyzed the dependence of the effectiveness of the functioning of entrepreneurship on the provision of regions with infrastructure facilities. Among the indicators that characterize the effectiveness of infrastructure support for entrepreneurial activities in the regions, the number of enterprises and organizations that carry out entrepreneurial activities, the volume of attracted investments in fixed assets, and profitability is identified. Factor index is the availability and number of infrastructure facilities in the regions. The results of the conducted research showed that the business sector is successfully developing in those regions where the corresponding infrastructure is created and functioning.

313-320

Authors: Slavianov A.

The conducted researches have shown rather weak adaptation ability of the market economic system of Russia to modern challenges and threats. The financial and economic crisis, sanctions policy against Russia, instability in the commodity markets have caused a slowdown in the national economy. The analysis showed that the state support of private companies and financial institutions is ineffective, and the innovative activity of the private sector of the economy is at a low level. The need of enterprises and organizations for new equipment and services is usually met by foreign suppliers, which increases the dependence of the national economy on imports. The formed import dependence of the national economy has created a basis for pressure on Russia from industrialized countries. The analysis shows that the reserves for sanctions pressure have not yet been exhausted and in the future, there will be an aggravation of the military-political situation and an increase in the intensity of anti-Russian sanctions. The economy, whose resources are concentrated and used to counter threats to the existence of the country as an integrated system, which is characteristic of the so-called mobilization economy, can resist the emerging negative processes. In order to preserve Russia’s institutional system under enormous external pressure, the paper proposes the principles of its correction, consisting in strengthening the role of the state in the management and control of enterprises involved in the implementation of strategic projects and programs. Partial nationalization of a number of strategic enterprises and financial organizations until the stabilization of the political and economic international situation is not ruled out. The measures proposed in the work will contribute to the preservation of economic and political sovereignty of Russia, increase the investment attractiveness of the economy, which will be a stimulus for its economic growth.

327-334

Authors: Cherkashnev R., Fedorova A., Chernyshova O.

In the article, the authors consider the technical analysis of the price movement of an asset on the exchange. Some indicators of exchange trade, such as Ichimoku Cloud and Bill Williams’ Alligator are considered in detail. Ichimoku Cloud is a collection of time series with a unique building system, from which a special area of the chart is formed to predict the price. Bill Williams’ Alligator is a set of moving averages with a certain method of shift and correction. The convergence and divergence of the indicator lines are signals for the commencement of trade. The authors have announced a study of the synergy of the use of indicators Ichimoku and Williams. On the chart of movement of the price of the EUR/USD currency pair, the declared indicators are visually presented, and an analysis of their indications is made. On the weekly chart, the price was inside the Ichimoku Cloud, which indicates the absence of a pronounced trend. The signals of the indicators were similar, which proves the legitimacy of their joint application. Conclusions in the article can be useful to investors, beginners and professional traders, students, undergraduates and all those interested in forecasting the price on the exchange.

341-350

Authors: Kolesnichenko E., Radyukova Ya., Dronov S.

Entrepreneurship in the economic system performs a number of functions, the key one of which is the stimulating one. Entrepreneurial activity contributes to the improvement of the economic and social situation, the development of the middle class in a certain region, and, consequently, to an increase in the effectiveness of the functioning of entrepreneurial activities. This is an example for the surrounding areas. The purpose of this study is to develop proposals for improving the tools of state support for small and medium-sized businesses at the regional level. The work carried out an analysis of activities within the existing "Program for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Entrepreneurship in the Tambov Region for 2015-2020", on the basis of which a wider range of services was provided to support the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region. Successful implementation of all proposed activities can be ensured only if there is close interaction in the sphere of supporting the entrepreneurial activity of government authorities at the state, regional and municipal levels; public associations of business representatives created on a voluntary basis; educational organizations; Infrastructure objects of support of entrepreneurial activity, including credit organizations. The effectiveness of joint activities will be ensured with the use of effective mechanisms of financial support for small businesses.

360-371

Authors: Abdullaev Z.

The article considers the reform of the economy of Uzbekistan and the formation of the market–based management mechanisms. Also, it is covering various spheres of life and the activities of the society. In addition to these processes, land relations are also involved in these processes, which occupy an important place in any economic system, land resources, as natural potential, are the necessary natural basis for any material production, and in agriculture and forestry — the main means of production. Hence the land relations that form within this potential occupy the same position in the system of economic relations as a whole, the essence of which is determined by the forms of ownership of the means of production and land.

378-383

Authors: Shvaiba D.

The presented problem was manifested and described in the 90-s of the XX century due to the rapid formation of transformation processes in Europe, accompanied by crisis manifestations in the economy. In accordance with its features, the measurement of the value of socio-economic security of production systems is aimed at the vector of the cascade escalation of crisis symptoms and the expectation of subsequent displacement to the worst side of the situation. As a result, the indicators of socioeconomic security are fixed on the threshold States of life-supporting subsystems, which to some extent reflect the degree of effectiveness of the anti-crisis measures. In fact, the threshold indicators and their application in the level measurements of the direction of the deteriorating state of the production system (for example, pre-crisis — crisis — critical — catastrophic) in the total amount formed the instrumental basis for determining the lower limit (border) of socio-economic security of the industrial sector in relation to the stage of regression of production and decline. However, in the formation of the financial and economic model, providing for the connection of links in the production process of the country in the internationalization process, the replacement stage (phase) of industrial dynamics and the introduction during the rise, the value and objectives of the study of the problems of protection of state interests have changed. This is largely due not only to the results of changes in the structure of the internal and external environment, but also the trend of global industrial development, the evolution of methods of maintaining the priority sectors of the economy and society’s resources to ensure the protection of the production system.

391-405

Authors: Shcherbina A.

This article describes possible reasons why the Volgograd region’s people’s expenses were greater than their income in 2011, 2014, and 2015. Changes of the exchange rate, expenses for foreign exchanges and real estate buying, expenses for savings, expenses for mandatory payments and different dues, birth rate, salary level, and goods prices were considered as likely causes.

410-415

Authors: Rusanova S., Pirova O.

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of civil service organization. The article analyzes the classification of public service principles as the most important elements in the structure of the institution of administrative law under consideration.

422-427

Authors: Miroshnichenko O.

Civil law States that the legal capacity of individuals is defined as the ability of the individual to have rights and obligations. This legal category arises from birth and ceases with death, it characterizes a person as a living being and does not depend on age and health. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it can be limited by a court decision, in particular in criminal proceedings it can be expressed in deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities, to occupy certain positions. The article reveals the content of legal capacity in private international law, the basic powers included in the legal capacity, in particular, the right to a name, its use and protection, analyzes the foreign legislation concerning the procedure of recognition as missing and the Declaration of a person as dead. The article deals with the conflict issues arising in the foreign and Russian legislation in the regulation of relations included in the content of legal capacity, the study of international legislation characterizing the legal status of the person.

434-437

Authors: Farion K.

In the article the main problematic aspects of the gifting of residential premises as the basis for acquiring property rights are analyzed, the main positions on the issue of preserving the right to use the dwelling space for a donor in the case of donating a dwelling to another person are described, the problem of violation of the housing rights of minors at the conclusion of a gift contract. The author investigates the mechanism of the rule, which fixes the guarantee of ensuring the rights of minors, provides recommendations for the elimination of legislative gaps.

443-450

Authors: Burdaeva E., Zaitsev D., Letyagina S.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the parameters of Internet employment as a new phenomenon of the modern development of society. Internet employment is viewed as the social and labour activity of citizens with the aim of generating income to meet personal and sociocultural needs, through the use of virtual means of communication and interaction on the Internet. The mix–strategy, the methodology of mixed studies, which allows reflecting its multifacetedness, is productive for the study of the phenomenon. Internet employment is represented by a complex of indicator parameters, classified according to the content base in the format of the facet model. Three groups of basic parameters have been identified and substantiated: socio-cultural, psychological and economic. The statistical data on the development and dynamics of Internet employment in Russia and the world are given. The need for carrying out in-depth socio-psychological research of Internet employment is grounded. It is the strengthening of the psychological vector of domestic and foreign research that will make it possible to prevent the emergence, development and spread of violations of the mental status of Internet workers. Internet employment for many teleworkers acts as a risk factor, generating psycho-emotional problems, for example, panic attacks, stress, depression. This is determined by the specifics of e–employment, in particular, the autonomy of the performance of labor functions (socio-cultural isolation), the localization of professional activities (in the home), alexithymic manifestations (a sharp restriction of communication), lack of psycho-emotional support from close people, a background conflict between labor and household (daily) duties. The results of the research are significant for the increment of theoretical knowledge in the field of sociology and labour psychology, sociology and personality psychology, genealogy, as well as for improving the practice of social work in the employment of the population and optimizing the employment of representatives of socially vulnerable, low-mobile groups.

456-475

Authors: Basimov M.

The article seeks to study the statistical dependencies in sociological research. The vast majority of sociologists studying the cause and effect relations, offer, on the basis of their data, an interpretation of only linear relations and linear models. But the problem arises not only when sociologists, interpreting the linear dependencies, ignore, often failing to understand the essence of the issue, a large number of non-linear relations having a simple form (errors of type 1). In the last 20 to 25 years the psychology has been mainly concerned with the study of not such simple processes that might fit into linear models. So, the sociologists take a path (knowingly or not so) in which weak linear relations (few strong ones are detected, if at all) with reference to the hypothesis that the correlation coefficient is equal to zero (the saving stars of SPSS) started being presented as “meaningful” and latently understood as fairly strong correlations that are scientifically interesting for interpreting the cause and effect relations. Actually, quite a few such correlations have been discovered, which made it possible to write long articles creating an illusion of prolific results. However, a still graver error lies here (errors of type 2) when the simplest non-linear dependencies are not just missed (dependencies with maximum and minimum, increasing and decreasing dependencies, considerably dissimilar from linear ones) while instead of strong and formally simple non-linear dependencies between the parameters what is supplied are their linear approximations with a weak and even very weak correlation (0.2–0.3), which completely distorts the real image of the phenomenon or process under study. Thus, scientific knowledge is produced that does not correspond to the reality, which fosters the parallel development of the philosophic (qualitative) analysis of social processes based mainly on the intuitive understanding of social issues. In order to overcome further distancing of qualitative and quantitative analysis in sociology, it is necessary to start studying, in the framework of most studies involving the research on the cause and effect relations, both linear and simplest non-linear dependencies.

483-496

Authors: Davydova A., Dvoinev V.

The article describes the final stage of the research devoted to the tradition of using social and pedagogical terminology in the Smolensk province in the pre-revolutionary period (mid-19th — early 20th centuries). To do this, we determined the degree of saturation of the analysed documents by the terms of social pedagogy, defined the context (interpretation), in which the terms of social pedagogy were used in the analysed documents, revealed social actors who most actively used the terms of social pedagogy in the process of creating documents, described the relationship between the use of terms of social pedagogy and specific social and cultural-historical factors.

506-511

Authors: Zorkov I., Smirnova N.

The merits of the sign system are examined in the article, some of their aspects using to the teaching of biology are analyzed, the main principles of a project of sign system in the conditions of the passage of school to the federal state standards of the second generation. The effect of the created sign system using of which promotes to raise the quality of biology knowledge of pupils increases the level of adopting biology concepts.

517-525

Authors: Larina L.

In order to study the formation of the grammatical component of speech competence in children 6–6.5 years with a delay in the mental development of cerebral organic genesis, a technique has been developed. At present, the problems of diagnostics of the state of the grammatical component of the speech competence of this category of children are insufficiently studied. The authors consider the speech skills and abilities of preschool children with mental retardation. However, speech skills and speech competence are not synonymous concepts. In the structure of the grammatical component of preschool children's speech competence, the author identifies the inflexion, word formation and syntactic skills at the practical level. Methods of studying the grammatical component of speech competence of preschool children with mental retardation: interviews, testing and observation. We adapted, modified traditional and developed new tasks (closed standardized observations of the state of the grammatical component of speech competence in communication with children and adults). The tasks, procedure, instructions, visual, speech material and evaluation criteria of the lexical component of speech competence of preschool children with mental retardation are described. The first stage of the study includes a preliminary interview and eight test tasks. The second stage is developed by us and includes four situations of observation of the state of the grammatical component of speech competence. The technique allows to study: the formation of verbs, nouns, adjectives, matching nouns with adjectives, numerals, the use of prepositional case constructions, the use of nouns of singular and plural indirect cases, the ability to build sentences, the use of grammatical skills in communication with peers and adults. The technique can be used by speech pathologists, educators and psychologists of special and General preschool institutions. Its substantial validity is defined.

534-540

Authors: Mahesar R. A., Qazi S. A., Jamali M. A.

Without any shadow of a doubt, media is playing its top-notch role in imparting information among masses but in what manner is a hanging matter. Thus, the choice for media in presenting something in a good or bad manner stays open at best. This paper, however, elaborates the ethics for media with regard to Pakistani perspective. The paper focuses its attention on Press Ethics. Press ethics imitates the society and the regulations that inclusively form the press system. The ethical standards and the code of conduct media practitioners should actually abide by are the ongoing debates. The role media must play has been given emphasis. At the final stage of this study, meagre discussion of the councils concerning media has also been inserted.

545-549

Authors: Silivanetz A.

This article considers the field of naming as a part of branding, that has a marketing nature. Linguistic science is defined as a practical basis for naming. The historical and cultural components of the name generation are noted. An attempt to determine the main directions of naming development in the multiethnic environment is made, in particular, the most famous names of the city of Ufa, the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan, are analyzed.

555=560

Authors: Samedova K.

The article deals with the parallelism of the features of the Kipchak and Oghuz languages in northern dialects. For example, in the Kipchak language "ata" in Oghuz Turkish "baba"; the word "yazı" in the Kipchak language, in the Oghuz Turkish language "yazı"; in the Kipchak language the word "çağırmaq" in Oghuz Turkish as "demək". The article also speaks of language facts in the works of “Codex Cumanicus”, “Book of Dede Korkut”, in which the facts of the Kipchak and Oghuz languages are combined.