International Journal of Media and Information Literacy

283-292

Authors: Rida Afrilyasanti, Yazid Basthomi, Evynurul Laily Zen

We nowadays are heavily reliant on media and information technology. With the proliferation of technological media, easily accessible information, and people's dependence on technological tools, it is critical to cultivate critical attitudes among internet users. Hence, at schools, teachers should assist students in acquiring critical media literacy (CML) skills. Having this consideration, teachers need to become more digitally literate. This study aims to: 1) inspect teachers’ digital literacy skills; 2) investigate teachers’ attitudes toward the application of CML based on their different digital literacy abilities; and 3) scrutinize the implications. We collected data from EFL teachers at a high school in East Java, Indonesia, through interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations. We used theme-based analysis to identify and categorize the data before presenting the findings. The findings show the instructors are computer literate. However, not all instructors are proficient in digital literacy. There are instructors who exhibit insufficient digital literacy skills, as seen by the teachers stumbling when using technology. The competent digital literacy teachers show positive attitudes for teaching CML abilities. Meanwhile, the less digital literate teachers display negative attitudes for teaching CML abilities. Finally, the study suggests that instructors should strengthen their digital literacy and CML skills.

305-314

Authors: Sarosh Bajwa, Muazam Ali Khan, Saima Waheed

Emphasizing the significance of media information literacy, social media is playing a pivotal role in disseminating information and creating literacy among users. This research offers a momentous contribution to both researchers and policy makers as it sheds light on how social media creates awareness among masses during pandemic. This Study ensures to understand the relationship between social media and information literacy and also analyze the association between media literacy and youth behavior. The study employs quantitative research by using survey method to find out the behavior of youth towards disseminated information by social media regarding pandemic COVID-19. Convenience sampling benefits the research to draw a sample conveniently in relevance to social media usage and an exposure to the information of COVID-19. Theoretically, uses and gratification along with media literacy theory has been applied to analyze the current study which intends to focus the need to understand that how behavior of youth changes after getting exposed to the disseminated information regarding COVID-19 in terms of start taking precautions i.e wearing masks, using sanitizers, maintaining social distance. It clearly concludes that social media shows a great contribution in creating literacy among masses which eventually helps people to use precautionary measure against COVID-19.

324-332

Authors: Anfal Khadidja Dekhil, Hanane Sarnou

Modern media creates for young people a desire to change them with a subsequent loss of personality. It has influenced its users, particularly adolescents because it carries different contents that attract their attention; therefore, they escape to the world of dreams where they can find a suitable place for themselves through being an influencer and/ or following media content creators who share what is attractive to gain more followers. To this end, adolescents are the intended age segment because they get influenced easily owing to their sensitive age period. In this regard, the present paper aims at studying the impact of Instagram on Algerian adolescents’ self-identifications. It focuses on how individuals interact within Instagram as a virtual community and how it affects their real lives due to the unbalances between the real and the virtual worlds. To do that, we employed mixed-methods research relying on an online observation and an online questionnaire as research instruments. The participants were 161 Algerian adolescents known to be Instagram users. Final results indicated that 57,8 % of their real and virtual identities are the same, and 42,2 % have declared that there is a contradiction between both identities, which has amplified the phenomenon of double personality or schizophrenia with 61 % among Algerian teenagers. Therefore, the Instagram app has hidden individual and psychological effects on its users.

345-354

Authors: Nina Farlina, Yulya Era Pratiwi, Qotrunnada Salsabila, Siti Uswatun Khasanah

This study is concerned with the commodification of beauty that occurs on the @uiicantikganteng Instagram account. This study aims to explore the cultural practice on @uiicantikganteng that is interrelated in the Circuit of Culture so that it can form commodification. By using the method of virtual ethnography, the data analysis is obtained by observing critically of the content on @uiicantikganteng which contains the commodification. This study is conducted by employing the cultural studies approach through Circuit of Culture by Stuart Hall and Commodification by Vincent Mosco. By emphasizing the several concepts of the circuit of culture which are production, representation, and consumption, the content on @uiicantikganteng can form commodification of beauty. The results of this study shows that the photos uploaded on the @uiicantikganteng Instagram account are seen as cultural practices that show aspects of production. Public who respond to the photo through follow, comment, like, and share show the consumption aspect. The uploaded photos represent the beauty stereotype that has long been believed by Indonesia's society. Those three interrelated elements contain commodification of beauty on Instagram account @uiicantikganteng which can gain profit from the content by conducting paid promotion and selling UII brand jackets. The forms of commodification that is found are audience commodity and content commodification.

398-421

Authors: Ahmed Lawal Gusau, Khor Mi Nee, Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim

The literature demonstrates that higher educational organisations perceived corporate reputation soars and gains global reputation with rising international recognition and patronage. Therefore, in an era when higher education is increasingly becoming globalised with the rising internationalisation of university education, a university’s students’ citizenship may be a tool to promote and enhance the standing of its corporate reputation both locally and internationally a process we refer to as ‘globacation’. However, the dearth of literature in this area of research particularly in the context of Malaysian higher education industry prompted the present study to be conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 331 international (foreign) students from the Malaysian Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) who completed a 21-item questionnaire with very high reliability of α = 0.92. Only one correlation hypothesis was tested which was formulated on the citizenship dimension of the RepTrackTM model and it was accepted. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and moderate correlation (Person’s p = 0.00, r = 0.55) was found between citizenship and reputation. In addition, reputation is expressed as high esteem, love, respect, and trust. The study concludes that international students will tend to recommend to others (their friends, peers, colleagues, etc.) educational institutions they found very reputable. Future research should explore comparative studies between international and local students on the reputation assessment of their institutions.

434-440

Authors: Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim, Mohammed Mala Daura

In a time when the devastating effects of climate change are undeniably experienced in communities across the world, multifaceted means of mitigating those effects are nowadays much sought after – and news media (both traditional and new) have been identified as one of those means. Because of its apparent inevitability, flood disasters have become a phenomenon that many communities in Yobe State experience virtually on an annual basis. Even though the literature has shown that effective engagement of news media especially before and after the rains could help manage flood disasters, this may not have yielded effective results – a situation that suggests the existence of factors hindering the effective engagement of the news media in the management of flood disasters in Yobe State. If yes, what are those factors? How could the challenges be overcome? This study seeks to answer these research question to close the research gap. A qualitative research method of key informant interview was employed to collect first-hand information from experienced people and experts. A total of 19 participants were interviewed including relevant journalists from notable media organisations in the state, relevant staff of Yobe State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA Yobe), and those of other disaster management agencies in the state including Nigerian Metrological Agency (NMA). Atlas.ti version 8 software was used to analyse the data. The study yielded a bi-thematic model with four internal (predicting) factors and external (moderating) factors in each of the model’s two themes as the preliminary results. The internal factors are news characteristics, funding, unprofessionalism and profit orientation, skilled labour and funding all impact the active participation of the media in flood risk reduction while the external factors are the lack of information, mistrust, inadequacies on the part of government and citizens and community perception of media’s role in flood disaster management. This study which is limited to descriptive methodology recommends that key stakeholders should prioritise media relations during pre-rainy season period and prioritise pre-disaster management strategy.

450-462

Authors: Khanittha Jitsaeng, Kulthida Tuamsuk

The purpose of this research was to study the digital factors influencing the use of social media in the political communication of Thai youths. Four hundred samples were collected through multi-stage sampling from undergraduate students studying at higher education institutions in Thailand. A questionnaire was used as a research tool and the content validity of the questionnaire was examined. Cronbach's alpha was also applied in a pre-test stage to measure the reliability. The alpha coefficient for all items was 0.95. The results showed that political news tracking was most influenced by the motivation for using social media, and media literacy in analysis of political issues, in terms of creating political content, and in the dimension of access for political information. The variation of political news tracking was explained at 33.6 %. Political discussion was mostly influenced by media literacy in access for political information, as well as the motivation for the use of social media. The variation of the political discussions was explained at 35.3 %. Political mobilization was most influenced by media literacy in creating political content, motivation for using social media, and media literacy in access for political information. The variation of the political mobilization was explained at 33.0 %.

473-486

Authors: Mohsin Hassan Khan, Sana Akhtar, Abul Hassan

After the Charlie Hebdo incident and the brutal murder of a teacher, the French president Emmanuel Macron addressed against Muslims which made him a target of anger in the Muslim world. In response, the representatives of the Muslim majority nations issued statements to condemn his speech. This study is an attempt to analyze the discourse produced by the leaders of the Islamic countries in response to the French president’s speech regarding the Charlie Hebdo incident analyzing the sentiments of Muslims globally. To examine this discourse, the research engaged with Critical Discourse Studies as its framework, with a focus upon Van Dijk’s Ideological Square Model as well as NVivo for linguistic inquiry. The study incorporated responses collected from October to November 2020 from the leaders of Islamic countries and examined through macro and micro analysis by incorporating the clash of civilization and orientalism theories. The study concluded that the French President’s speech generalized the Muslims around the world and tagged them with the attackers as if the whole Muslim community was responsible for it. It further apprehended that a quick narrative can counter Islamophobia just as Muslim leaders responded to Macron’s hate speech to address Muslims’ sentiments around the world.

499-508

Authors: Hira Malik, Faiza Latif

Social media is ubiquitous these days and its importance cannot be denied but the invincible expansion of fake news and disinformation is undermining its credibility; and demands more scholarly research in this area. The current study is specially designed to analyze the perceptions of Pakistani journalists regarding the credibility of social media as a news source. This study helps the researcher to ascertain whether social media is a credible source of information among Pakistani journalists or not. To investigate the proposed hypothesis, the researcher opted for a cross-sectional survey method (n=196) by using the questionnaire technique. The sample of this study is both male and female journalists from print and electronic media of Lahore. The results claim that journalists are using social media for news updates, sharing breaking news and depending on it for their professional needs. Study also identifies a significant association between the usage of social media and the perceptions of its credibility; if journalists are spending more time on a site then they are more likely to identify fake and fabricated news. The present study also contributes to the body of knowledge in the area of social media credibility and journalists’ perception in Pakistan.

522-530

Authors: Prasetyo Adi Nugroho, Nove E Variant Anna, Noraini Ismail

Academic libraries must adapt to the development of the era. Twitter as social media can become a new form of the public sphere. The public sphere is the place where people can go for discussion without feeling restricted by the status or regulation of authorities This study aims to investigating the topics that had becoame research trends of publications related to the usage of Twitter and library service in University. This study uses a bibliometric analysis to process the secondary data. The secondary data are from Scopus website with the samples from three global university libraries, namely Harvard, Cambridge, and Airlangga University. The duration of the samples were 2016−2021 and the data were gathered using keyword search in Scopus. Those keywords were library and Twitter. There were 66 samples from Harvard University, 97 samples from Cambridge University, and 7 samples from Airlangga University. The result showed that Harvard University focused more on IOT, especially on macine learning to enhance the Twitter usage for library service. meanwhile, Cambridge university balanced between the usage of Twitter and library as their research topics. Airlangga University had few topics related to those two.

545-553

Authors: Laurentius Saptono

The effectiveness of teaching Economics is highly dependent on the teachers. To increase the effectiveness of teaching, they must have personal and pedagogical-didactical competence in media literacy. This study investigates the effect of the personal and pedagogical-didactical competence of Economics teachers in the field of media literacy on their teaching effectiveness. The population of this study was the high school Economics teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The number of research samples was 182 teachers. The data collection of this research was carried out using a closed questionnaire. The Google-Form questionnaire was delivered to high school Economics teachers as the respondents of this research. The data collected is then analyzed quantitatively (using multiple linear regression). The results of this study indicate that the personal and pedagogical-didactical competence of high school economics teachers in the field of media literacy have a significant effect on the effectiveness of their teaching. The results of the study indicate that school leaders or related education offices should improve the personal competence and pedagogical-didactical competence of high school Economics teachers through various, relevant, and structurally designed media training activities.

560-571

Authors: Yaroslav Slutskyi, Oksana Osetrova, Iurii Shcherbiak, Ian Kurinnyi

The socialisation of (foreign) students is an important component of the social work of a higher education institution. The postmodern world requires the individual to be competitive in academia as well as socially and economically, which requires appropriate training. Such training can be achieved through linguistic and counselling activities that will enable the individual to perform effective interactions in academic and social spaces. To conduct a comprehensive study, we used a set of methods, including analysis (helping to divide the processes of socialisation and media education into areas and components), synthesis (allowing to combine the elements under consideration into a single system), axiomatic method (aimed at designating certain parameters of the study), deduction (conducting research from a general system to specific elements), induction (studying the element application algorithm to form a single system), abstraction (specifying the directions and components of the study in accordance with a given goal), comparison (facilitating the consideration of the components of media education in the context of general socialisation and linguistic training). Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyse the use of the audio component of media education in the socialisation of the student as an individual in the postmodern world. We have come to the conclusion that the audio component of media education is used by higher education institutions as an auxiliary tool for linguistic training (building skills for the use of rhythm, intonation, grammar features during interpersonal interactions as part of individual activities or work in specialised language laboratories; using audio lectures, which is relevant for foreign students who find it difficult to perceive colloquial academic speech) and counselling (counselling activities in specialised psychological recovery laboratories; the use of musical tracks to restore emotional and behavioural balance) of the individual.

578-588

Authors: Alfi Syahriyani, Albi Fahri a, Muhammad Raihansyah Putratama, Mahdah Amaliyah

As information becomes more disruptive, now we can access it from the devices in our hands. Globalization has produced many new cultural influences on people in this world, one of which is the Korean Wave. The K-pop industry has quickly grown globally, and Korean films and dramas are the most popular among most people. Through the support of information technology, participation culture is emerging as a new form of culture that allows individuals to create and distribute content. This study investigates how the Indonesian fans of South Korean culture, known as Hallyu, consume and produce new cultural artefacts from the trending Netflix series entitled Squid Game. Using Henry Jenkins' Participatory culture theory with qualitative methods and virtual ethnography, this research analyzed several data on the @kdrama_menfess Twitter social media account. This study found that there were four forms of communication in the account, including affiliation, expression, collaboration in problem-solving, and circulation, where everything was created collectively. The role of the account and the community administrator were inseparable from the role of fans exchanging information.

596-605

Authors: Saima Waheed, Sobia Sattar, Zafar Iqbal Bhatti, Maria Naeem

In this era, where technology advances and social media are in the hand of common man, women entrepreneurs remain a largely understudied phenomenon. Social media is the road of success for women entrepreneurs as it encourages women to be independent and become their own-bosses. In online home-based business women attained power in different factors as compared to men in the existing literature. Growing industrialization and urbanization, spasmodic mobility and social legislation change the status of women in global world. Presently, women come forward to take up higher education, technical and professional education and their proportion in the workforce has also been increased. Encouraging women as entrepreneurs in the recent scenario are the government initiative over the globe. Women's empowerment is related to women's decision-making power, easy access to information, and resource control. Semi-structured interviews from 25 women entrepreneurs has been conducted in Lahore, Pakistan Study explored the role of social media which empowering women and the challenges they faced while running online business. In-depth interviews were used to collect data on telephone and were recorded by the researcher and also make notes of the highlighted points. Uses and gratification theory is applied to identify women entrepreneurs personal integrative on social media platforms.

618-628

Authors: Akhmad Zakky, Aurora Nurhidayah Rifani

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which first appeared at the end of 2019 has become a pandemic and instantly changed the way people interact. Not only because this virus has claimed many victims, but also because of policies to limit physical activity. These conditions have contributed to the emergence of solidarity in the form of online fundraising in society. Therefore, this research, intends to look at two online fundraisings; first, which was initiated by the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI), and second, which was initiated by Narasi Tv. In addition, this research looks at fundraising within the framework of a theatrical event which consists of various elements, tries to unveil the ideology that operates behind the events, and describes the audience's response as a result of their interpreting process towards the online fundraisings. Since the phenomenon being analyzed is online activity, this research uses netnography as a method to observe textual communication and multimedia communication which is the data in this research. The researchers argue that these two-fundraising had different characteristics of initiator, stage, and actor, so that each had different ideological implications as well. The different characteristics also produce different responses as the interpretation of the audience.

639-650

Authors: Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia, Anna S. Slavko, Sergey I. Degtyarev

The right of reply is one of the “stumbling blocks” in the media market regulation. It is challenging to regulate this issue correctly. The problem lies at the intersection of civil law (as a personal non-property right), human rights (in the context of the right to privacy and family life, as well as freedom of the press and freedom of expression), administrative law (in the aspect of media regulation) and national security. Nonetheless, legal science and practice in different countries offer many solutions and options. This study aims to explore and analyze these options and make conclusions for identifying and protecting the right of reply in the context of global trends and European integration processes. Based on an analysis of scientific publications, international documents, national legislation of selected countries, and judicial practice, the authors conclude on the essence of the right of reply and its relationship to the right to rectification (right of correction). The right of reply is the right that allows any subject to respond to the publication in the mass media of certain information concerning his honor, dignity, business reputation, etc., by posting in the same mass media the response itself, provably and adequately forming a certain point of view on the subject of discussion among the consumers of information content. This right is related to the right to rectification but is different. Jurisprudence in implementing the right of reply is focused on balancing the right to privacy and freedom of expression. The main guidelines for achieving such a balance are formulated in the Case Law of the ECtHR. This practice, combined with the principles and norms enshrined in EU law, should be regarded as a reference point for the systemic development of Ukrainian legislation in this context. A comparison of selected aspects of the legislation on audiovisual services (right of reply) shows that Ukraine's current legislation must fully comply with the Directive. However, the Draft Law on the media, which is currently being considered by parliament, does not conflict with EU law regarding the right of reply.