International Journal of Media and Information Literacy

283-292

Authors: Rida Afrilyasanti, Yazid Basthomi, Evynurul Laily Zen

We nowadays are heavily reliant on media and information technology. With the proliferation of technological media, easily accessible information, and people's dependence on technological tools, it is critical to cultivate critical attitudes among internet users. Hence, at schools, teachers should assist students in acquiring critical media literacy (CML) skills. Having this consideration, teachers need to become more digitally literate. This study aims to: 1) inspect teachers’ digital literacy skills; 2) investigate teachers’ attitudes toward the application of CML based on their different digital literacy abilities; and 3) scrutinize the implications. We collected data from EFL teachers at a high school in East Java, Indonesia, through interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations. We used theme-based analysis to identify and categorize the data before presenting the findings. The findings show the instructors are computer literate. However, not all instructors are proficient in digital literacy. There are instructors who exhibit insufficient digital literacy skills, as seen by the teachers stumbling when using technology. The competent digital literacy teachers show positive attitudes for teaching CML abilities. Meanwhile, the less digital literate teachers display negative attitudes for teaching CML abilities. Finally, the study suggests that instructors should strengthen their digital literacy and CML skills.

305-314

Authors: Sarosh Bajwa, Muazam Ali Khan, Saima Waheed

Emphasizing the significance of media information literacy, social media is playing a pivotal role in disseminating information and creating literacy among users. This research offers a momentous contribution to both researchers and policy makers as it sheds light on how social media creates awareness among masses during pandemic. This Study ensures to understand the relationship between social media and information literacy and also analyze the association between media literacy and youth behavior. The study employs quantitative research by using survey method to find out the behavior of youth towards disseminated information by social media regarding pandemic COVID-19. Convenience sampling benefits the research to draw a sample conveniently in relevance to social media usage and an exposure to the information of COVID-19. Theoretically, uses and gratification along with media literacy theory has been applied to analyze the current study which intends to focus the need to understand that how behavior of youth changes after getting exposed to the disseminated information regarding COVID-19 in terms of start taking precautions i.e wearing masks, using sanitizers, maintaining social distance. It clearly concludes that social media shows a great contribution in creating literacy among masses which eventually helps people to use precautionary measure against COVID-19.

324-332

Authors: Anfal Khadidja Dekhil, Hanane Sarnou

Modern media creates for young people a desire to change them with a subsequent loss of personality. It has influenced its users, particularly adolescents because it carries different contents that attract their attention; therefore, they escape to the world of dreams where they can find a suitable place for themselves through being an influencer and/ or following media content creators who share what is attractive to gain more followers. To this end, adolescents are the intended age segment because they get influenced easily owing to their sensitive age period. In this regard, the present paper aims at studying the impact of Instagram on Algerian adolescents’ self-identifications. It focuses on how individuals interact within Instagram as a virtual community and how it affects their real lives due to the unbalances between the real and the virtual worlds. To do that, we employed mixed-methods research relying on an online observation and an online questionnaire as research instruments. The participants were 161 Algerian adolescents known to be Instagram users. Final results indicated that 57,8 % of their real and virtual identities are the same, and 42,2 % have declared that there is a contradiction between both identities, which has amplified the phenomenon of double personality or schizophrenia with 61 % among Algerian teenagers. Therefore, the Instagram app has hidden individual and psychological effects on its users.

345-354

Authors: Nina Farlina, Yulya Era Pratiwi, Qotrunnada Salsabila, Siti Uswatun Khasanah

This study is concerned with the commodification of beauty that occurs on the @uiicantikganteng Instagram account. This study aims to explore the cultural practice on @uiicantikganteng that is interrelated in the Circuit of Culture so that it can form commodification. By using the method of virtual ethnography, the data analysis is obtained by observing critically of the content on @uiicantikganteng which contains the commodification. This study is conducted by employing the cultural studies approach through Circuit of Culture by Stuart Hall and Commodification by Vincent Mosco. By emphasizing the several concepts of the circuit of culture which are production, representation, and consumption, the content on @uiicantikganteng can form commodification of beauty. The results of this study shows that the photos uploaded on the @uiicantikganteng Instagram account are seen as cultural practices that show aspects of production. Public who respond to the photo through follow, comment, like, and share show the consumption aspect. The uploaded photos represent the beauty stereotype that has long been believed by Indonesia's society. Those three interrelated elements contain commodification of beauty on Instagram account @uiicantikganteng which can gain profit from the content by conducting paid promotion and selling UII brand jackets. The forms of commodification that is found are audience commodity and content commodification.

398-421

Authors: Ahmed Lawal Gusau, Khor Mi Nee, Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim

The literature demonstrates that higher educational organisations perceived corporate reputation soars and gains global reputation with rising international recognition and patronage. Therefore, in an era when higher education is increasingly becoming globalised with the rising internationalisation of university education, a university’s students’ citizenship may be a tool to promote and enhance the standing of its corporate reputation both locally and internationally a process we refer to as ‘globacation’. However, the dearth of literature in this area of research particularly in the context of Malaysian higher education industry prompted the present study to be conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 331 international (foreign) students from the Malaysian Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) who completed a 21-item questionnaire with very high reliability of α = 0.92. Only one correlation hypothesis was tested which was formulated on the citizenship dimension of the RepTrackTM model and it was accepted. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and moderate correlation (Person’s p = 0.00, r = 0.55) was found between citizenship and reputation. In addition, reputation is expressed as high esteem, love, respect, and trust. The study concludes that international students will tend to recommend to others (their friends, peers, colleagues, etc.) educational institutions they found very reputable. Future research should explore comparative studies between international and local students on the reputation assessment of their institutions.

434-440

Authors: Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim, Mohammed Mala Daura

In a time when the devastating effects of climate change are undeniably experienced in communities across the world, multifaceted means of mitigating those effects are nowadays much sought after – and news media (both traditional and new) have been identified as one of those means. Because of its apparent inevitability, flood disasters have become a phenomenon that many communities in Yobe State experience virtually on an annual basis. Even though the literature has shown that effective engagement of news media especially before and after the rains could help manage flood disasters, this may not have yielded effective results – a situation that suggests the existence of factors hindering the effective engagement of the news media in the management of flood disasters in Yobe State. If yes, what are those factors? How could the challenges be overcome? This study seeks to answer these research question to close the research gap. A qualitative research method of key informant interview was employed to collect first-hand information from experienced people and experts. A total of 19 participants were interviewed including relevant journalists from notable media organisations in the state, relevant staff of Yobe State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA Yobe), and those of other disaster management agencies in the state including Nigerian Metrological Agency (NMA). Atlas.ti version 8 software was used to analyse the data. The study yielded a bi-thematic model with four internal (predicting) factors and external (moderating) factors in each of the model’s two themes as the preliminary results. The internal factors are news characteristics, funding, unprofessionalism and profit orientation, skilled labour and funding all impact the active participation of the media in flood risk reduction while the external factors are the lack of information, mistrust, inadequacies on the part of government and citizens and community perception of media’s role in flood disaster management. This study which is limited to descriptive methodology recommends that key stakeholders should prioritise media relations during pre-rainy season period and prioritise pre-disaster management strategy.

450-462

Authors: Khanittha Jitsaeng, Kulthida Tuamsuk

The purpose of this research was to study the digital factors influencing the use of social media in the political communication of Thai youths. Four hundred samples were collected through multi-stage sampling from undergraduate students studying at higher education institutions in Thailand. A questionnaire was used as a research tool and the content validity of the questionnaire was examined. Cronbach's alpha was also applied in a pre-test stage to measure the reliability. The alpha coefficient for all items was 0.95. The results showed that political news tracking was most influenced by the motivation for using social media, and media literacy in analysis of political issues, in terms of creating political content, and in the dimension of access for political information. The variation of political news tracking was explained at 33.6 %. Political discussion was mostly influenced by media literacy in access for political information, as well as the motivation for the use of social media. The variation of the political discussions was explained at 35.3 %. Political mobilization was most influenced by media literacy in creating political content, motivation for using social media, and media literacy in access for political information. The variation of the political mobilization was explained at 33.0 %.

473-486

Authors: Mohsin Hassan Khan, Sana Akhtar, Abul Hassan

After the Charlie Hebdo incident and the brutal murder of a teacher, the French president Emmanuel Macron addressed against Muslims which made him a target of anger in the Muslim world. In response, the representatives of the Muslim majority nations issued statements to condemn his speech. This study is an attempt to analyze the discourse produced by the leaders of the Islamic countries in response to the French president’s speech regarding the Charlie Hebdo incident analyzing the sentiments of Muslims globally. To examine this discourse, the research engaged with Critical Discourse Studies as its framework, with a focus upon Van Dijk’s Ideological Square Model as well as NVivo for linguistic inquiry. The study incorporated responses collected from October to November 2020 from the leaders of Islamic countries and examined through macro and micro analysis by incorporating the clash of civilization and orientalism theories. The study concluded that the French President’s speech generalized the Muslims around the world and tagged them with the attackers as if the whole Muslim community was responsible for it. It further apprehended that a quick narrative can counter Islamophobia just as Muslim leaders responded to Macron’s hate speech to address Muslims’ sentiments around the world.

499-508

Authors: Hira Malik, Faiza Latif

Social media is ubiquitous these days and its importance cannot be denied but the invincible expansion of fake news and disinformation is undermining its credibility; and demands more scholarly research in this area. The current study is specially designed to analyze the perceptions of Pakistani journalists regarding the credibility of social media as a news source. This study helps the researcher to ascertain whether social media is a credible source of information among Pakistani journalists or not. To investigate the proposed hypothesis, the researcher opted for a cross-sectional survey method (n=196) by using the questionnaire technique. The sample of this study is both male and female journalists from print and electronic media of Lahore. The results claim that journalists are using social media for news updates, sharing breaking news and depending on it for their professional needs. Study also identifies a significant association between the usage of social media and the perceptions of its credibility; if journalists are spending more time on a site then they are more likely to identify fake and fabricated news. The present study also contributes to the body of knowledge in the area of social media credibility and journalists’ perception in Pakistan.

522-530

Authors: Prasetyo Adi Nugroho, Nove E Variant Anna, Noraini Ismail

Academic libraries must adapt to the development of the era. Twitter as social media can become a new form of the public sphere. The public sphere is the place where people can go for discussion without feeling restricted by the status or regulation of authorities This study aims to investigating the topics that had becoame research trends of publications related to the usage of Twitter and library service in University. This study uses a bibliometric analysis to process the secondary data. The secondary data are from Scopus website with the samples from three global university libraries, namely Harvard, Cambridge, and Airlangga University. The duration of the samples were 2016−2021 and the data were gathered using keyword search in Scopus. Those keywords were library and Twitter. There were 66 samples from Harvard University, 97 samples from Cambridge University, and 7 samples from Airlangga University. The result showed that Harvard University focused more on IOT, especially on macine learning to enhance the Twitter usage for library service. meanwhile, Cambridge university balanced between the usage of Twitter and library as their research topics. Airlangga University had few topics related to those two.

545-553

Authors: Laurentius Saptono

The effectiveness of teaching Economics is highly dependent on the teachers. To increase the effectiveness of teaching, they must have personal and pedagogical-didactical competence in media literacy. This study investigates the effect of the personal and pedagogical-didactical competence of Economics teachers in the field of media literacy on their teaching effectiveness. The population of this study was the high school Economics teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The number of research samples was 182 teachers. The data collection of this research was carried out using a closed questionnaire. The Google-Form questionnaire was delivered to high school Economics teachers as the respondents of this research. The data collected is then analyzed quantitatively (using multiple linear regression). The results of this study indicate that the personal and pedagogical-didactical competence of high school economics teachers in the field of media literacy have a significant effect on the effectiveness of their teaching. The results of the study indicate that school leaders or related education offices should improve the personal competence and pedagogical-didactical competence of high school Economics teachers through various, relevant, and structurally designed media training activities.

560-571

Authors: Yaroslav Slutskyi, Oksana Osetrova, Iurii Shcherbiak, Ian Kurinnyi

The socialisation of (foreign) students is an important component of the social work of a higher education institution. The postmodern world requires the individual to be competitive in academia as well as socially and economically, which requires appropriate training. Such training can be achieved through linguistic and counselling activities that will enable the individual to perform effective interactions in academic and social spaces. To conduct a comprehensive study, we used a set of methods, including analysis (helping to divide the processes of socialisation and media education into areas and components), synthesis (allowing to combine the elements under consideration into a single system), axiomatic method (aimed at designating certain parameters of the study), deduction (conducting research from a general system to specific elements), induction (studying the element application algorithm to form a single system), abstraction (specifying the directions and components of the study in accordance with a given goal), comparison (facilitating the consideration of the components of media education in the context of general socialisation and linguistic training). Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyse the use of the audio component of media education in the socialisation of the student as an individual in the postmodern world. We have come to the conclusion that the audio component of media education is used by higher education institutions as an auxiliary tool for linguistic training (building skills for the use of rhythm, intonation, grammar features during interpersonal interactions as part of individual activities or work in specialised language laboratories; using audio lectures, which is relevant for foreign students who find it difficult to perceive colloquial academic speech) and counselling (counselling activities in specialised psychological recovery laboratories; the use of musical tracks to restore emotional and behavioural balance) of the individual.

578-588

Authors: Alfi Syahriyani, Albi Fahri a, Muhammad Raihansyah Putratama, Mahdah Amaliyah

As information becomes more disruptive, now we can access it from the devices in our hands. Globalization has produced many new cultural influences on people in this world, one of which is the Korean Wave. The K-pop industry has quickly grown globally, and Korean films and dramas are the most popular among most people. Through the support of information technology, participation culture is emerging as a new form of culture that allows individuals to create and distribute content. This study investigates how the Indonesian fans of South Korean culture, known as Hallyu, consume and produce new cultural artefacts from the trending Netflix series entitled Squid Game. Using Henry Jenkins' Participatory culture theory with qualitative methods and virtual ethnography, this research analyzed several data on the @kdrama_menfess Twitter social media account. This study found that there were four forms of communication in the account, including affiliation, expression, collaboration in problem-solving, and circulation, where everything was created collectively. The role of the account and the community administrator were inseparable from the role of fans exchanging information.

596-605

Authors: Saima Waheed, Sobia Sattar, Zafar Iqbal Bhatti, Maria Naeem

In this era, where technology advances and social media are in the hand of common man, women entrepreneurs remain a largely understudied phenomenon. Social media is the road of success for women entrepreneurs as it encourages women to be independent and become their own-bosses. In online home-based business women attained power in different factors as compared to men in the existing literature. Growing industrialization and urbanization, spasmodic mobility and social legislation change the status of women in global world. Presently, women come forward to take up higher education, technical and professional education and their proportion in the workforce has also been increased. Encouraging women as entrepreneurs in the recent scenario are the government initiative over the globe. Women's empowerment is related to women's decision-making power, easy access to information, and resource control. Semi-structured interviews from 25 women entrepreneurs has been conducted in Lahore, Pakistan Study explored the role of social media which empowering women and the challenges they faced while running online business. In-depth interviews were used to collect data on telephone and were recorded by the researcher and also make notes of the highlighted points. Uses and gratification theory is applied to identify women entrepreneurs personal integrative on social media platforms.

618-628

Authors: Akhmad Zakky, Aurora Nurhidayah Rifani

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which first appeared at the end of 2019 has become a pandemic and instantly changed the way people interact. Not only because this virus has claimed many victims, but also because of policies to limit physical activity. These conditions have contributed to the emergence of solidarity in the form of online fundraising in society. Therefore, this research, intends to look at two online fundraisings; first, which was initiated by the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI), and second, which was initiated by Narasi Tv. In addition, this research looks at fundraising within the framework of a theatrical event which consists of various elements, tries to unveil the ideology that operates behind the events, and describes the audience's response as a result of their interpreting process towards the online fundraisings. Since the phenomenon being analyzed is online activity, this research uses netnography as a method to observe textual communication and multimedia communication which is the data in this research. The researchers argue that these two-fundraising had different characteristics of initiator, stage, and actor, so that each had different ideological implications as well. The different characteristics also produce different responses as the interpretation of the audience.

639-650

Authors: Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia, Anna S. Slavko, Sergey I. Degtyarev

The right of reply is one of the “stumbling blocks” in the media market regulation. It is challenging to regulate this issue correctly. The problem lies at the intersection of civil law (as a personal non-property right), human rights (in the context of the right to privacy and family life, as well as freedom of the press and freedom of expression), administrative law (in the aspect of media regulation) and national security. Nonetheless, legal science and practice in different countries offer many solutions and options. This study aims to explore and analyze these options and make conclusions for identifying and protecting the right of reply in the context of global trends and European integration processes. Based on an analysis of scientific publications, international documents, national legislation of selected countries, and judicial practice, the authors conclude on the essence of the right of reply and its relationship to the right to rectification (right of correction). The right of reply is the right that allows any subject to respond to the publication in the mass media of certain information concerning his honor, dignity, business reputation, etc., by posting in the same mass media the response itself, provably and adequately forming a certain point of view on the subject of discussion among the consumers of information content. This right is related to the right to rectification but is different. Jurisprudence in implementing the right of reply is focused on balancing the right to privacy and freedom of expression. The main guidelines for achieving such a balance are formulated in the Case Law of the ECtHR. This practice, combined with the principles and norms enshrined in EU law, should be regarded as a reference point for the systemic development of Ukrainian legislation in this context. A comparison of selected aspects of the legislation on audiovisual services (right of reply) shows that Ukraine's current legislation must fully comply with the Directive. However, the Draft Law on the media, which is currently being considered by parliament, does not conflict with EU law regarding the right of reply.

4-17

Authors: Mahirza Putra Aulia, Ida Rosida

This study explores the phenomenon of groups of men known as Involuntary Celibates (Incels) in an internet meme culture. This research used Visual methodologies by Rose Gillian, and Masculine domination by Pierre Bourdieu. In addition, this research used the additional The Red Pill psychology theoretical framework by Peter Wright and Paul Elam followed by several Red Pill ideologies which spread across The Red Pill communities. All the data are collected from several internet memes platforms and the following memes are downloaded that represent Incels-related subjects. The results show that the correlation between Masculine domination and The Red Pill hierarchical masculinity had formed the heteronormative masculinity in which men are considered attractively masculine if they fulfilled the heteronormative scale of desired men, such as physical appearances (height, facial features, and muscularity), psychological traits, and socioeconomic behaviour. Furthermore, Incels’ celibacy reflected in a meme culture is rooted in their unattractiveness, thus perfectly manifesting the emphasizing of heteronormative masculinity as a standard of real desired men as Incels are rejected both by society and women based on their unfulfillment of heteronormative masculinity which displays in Incels-related memes.

28-37

Authors: Tatiana Byundyugova, Anna Babikova, Elena Kornienko

A necessary skill of a modern person existing in the information world is information literacy. Educational organizations of various levels actively use modern information technologies in the educational process, which contribute to improving academic results, developing digital literacy, and increasing the motivation of students. Promising technologies that meet the above requirements are visual learning technologies. A significant number of publications devoted to visual technologies and the peculiarities of their use in teaching various sciences speak about the prospects of these technologies and their undeniable advantages. With the help of visual images, graphics and diagrams, complex material is absorbed more efficiently, students work productively with complex schemes and algorithms. By transforming the information that needs to be processed into visual diagrams, students easily memorize it and use it to solve their tasks. The purpose of this study is to study the possibilities of using visual technologies in the educational process to develop students' motivation, improve the quality of the educational process. The study suggests using visual technologies, such as: intelligence maps, infographics and pictograms, scribing, sketching. The research program is based on the diagnosis of the level of motivation to learn before and after the use of active and passive visual technologies in adult education. The study was conducted for four months as part of adult education directed from organizations using visual technologies. Teachers were instructed and methodical training, after which classes were implemented. The results of the work showed that the use of visual technologies makes it possible to increase the level of motivation of students, as well as to better memorize, reproduce information and use it in their practical activities.

48-59

Authors: Albina Dolgireva, Tatyana Balina, Anastasia Levitskaya

The purpose of museum pedagogy is aimed at the development of research abilities, cognitive interest. Tasks of museum pedagogy are to form an idea of the museum, its functions, and capabilities; develop artistic and creative skills; create conditions for the development of visual culture; increase the number of cognitive forms and tools; expand horizons and world outlook; sparkle cognitive interest and study motivation; develop research skills and abilities. In this sense, museum pedagogy and media education have quite a few similar cornerstones, and so, our project is relevant in both the practical sense and the theoretical sense. The article elaborates upon the creative media production project of a multimedia booklet Taganrog – the cultural capital of the Don, created by students of Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics in 2021. The theoretical background of the project is media education and museum education pedagogical frameworks. The empirical research embraces primary research of the motives of the educational activity (diagnostics); the survey based on the structured interview questions and the secondary research of the motives of the educational activity (re-diagnostics).

71-109

Authors: Alexander Fedorov, Anastasia Levitskaya

On the basis of an analysis of film studies concepts (in the context of the sociocultural and political situation, etc.) of the second decade of the journal Cinema Art (1945–1955) the authors conclude that theoretical works on cinematic subjects during this period can be divided into the following types: - theoretical articles written in support of the Resolutions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party dedicated to culture (including – cinematography) and defending the principles of socialist realism and communist party in cinematography (1946–1955) (Y. Borev, A. Burov, A. Groshev, D. Eremin, A. Karaganov, D. Pisarevsky, V. Razumny, N. Semenov, V. Skaterschikov, V. Sutyrin, etc.) - theoretical articles opposing "cosmopolitanism," formalism and bourgeois influence, contrasting them with communist ideology and class approaches (1949–1955) (A. Abramov, Y. Arbat, S. Ginzburg, I. Greenberg, I. Dolinsky, D. Eremin, S. Freilich, V. Scherbina, Y. Vostrikov, I. Weisfeld and others); - theoretical articles critical of bourgeois film theories and Western influence on Soviet cinema (1945–1955) (G. Avarin, I. Weisfeld, etc.); - theoretical articles devoted mainly to professional problems: the development of color in film, genres, entertainment, film dramaturgy, etc. (1945–1955) (A. Dovzhenko, S. Eisenstein, A. Golovnya, L. Kosmatov, V. Lazarev, A. Macheret, M. Romm, V. Shklovsky, V. Zhdan, etc.); - theoretical articles balancing between ideological and professional approaches to the creation of cinematic works of art (1945–1955) (L. Belova, V. Frolov, S. Gerasimov, N. Morozova, L. Pogozheva, V. Pudovkin, V. Turkin, G. Tushkan, I. Weisfeld, etc.); - theoretical articles calling on the authorities to ensure organizational transformations that would promote the intensive development of film studies as a science (N. Lebedev).

118-131

Authors: Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim, Ahmed Lawal Gusau, Salisu Uba

One of the most significant changes the information and communication ecology is the internet. It not only allows for real-time contact and engagement across time zones, but it also allows for successful social growth and crisis management, including the promotion of distance learning, particularly during the COVID-19 epidemic and its associated lockdown on educational systems. This disruption of education poses a threat to learning in Nigeria, and the consequences of continuing to close schools and academic programmes might have detrimental consequences for students, parents, and the country. Students can be encouraged to explore their own interests and become active learners during the lockdown by using internet-enabled ICT as a resource. However, this was noticeably absent in Nigeria ’s educational system. This paper aims to provide a simple, cost-effective, and alternative pedagogical system for use during and after the epidemic, particularly for open schools and institutions. This study offers an e-learning system based on the use of a computer and Android smartphone apps to help mitigate the detrimental effects of the continued lockdown on the Nigerian pedagogical system, or what this paper refers to as the ‘edu-lockdemic.’ The proposed system was developed as a framework based on a comprehensive examination of existing literature, and it is projected to allow institutional managers to monitor school and academic teaching and learning activities in a virtual learning area known as a “CT-learning area.” In the conclusion, policy recommendations are made.

145-156

Authors: Alexander Kazakov, Alexander Vilkov, Nikolay Shestov

Within contemporary scholarships, various aspects of media consumption of «digital» generation are actively studied. However, there is still not enough research on relationship between typical media practices of young people and their inherent political ideas, values, and attitudes. This article is aimed at partially filling this gap by revealing a correlation between the information sources young Russians use, on the one hand, and how they feel about politics and see their country’s future – on the other. Empirical data of the study contains results of online survey of 519 young people (aged between 14 and 35) living in the Saratov region, and three focus group interviews in which 36 people took part. Some of the results obtained are brought into correlation with the conclusions made by “Russian Public Opinion Research Center” and “Public Opinion Foundation” specialists. Among other things, a feature is confirmed that many young people do not trust the sources they receive information from.

167-178

Authors: Elena A. Makarova, Elena L. Makarova, Iakov Korovin

The project is motivated by the increase of hate speech in different level media. In the times of global disasters people rely on media as an important source of information. Our goal was to highlight that media can change the psyche of people in the times of uncertainty. It is obvious that social anxiety is fueled by fake news, spam and hate speech. Our research was based on analysis of mass media techniques and their influence on the formation of negative stereotypes and prejudices. The analysis results show that in the period of pandemic a new vocabulary appeared and modern media influence the change in society’s attitudes from tolerance to intolerance. Influence is increasing on the processes of changing culture and values in the society, therefore it is impossible to ignore its impact on life practices. Media fix this situation but create new stereotypes. Many journalists use hate speech unintentionally but due to the lack of professional skills. The conclusion is that hate speech is the power that spreads, provokes, encourages or justifies racial hatred, xenophobia, or other forms of intolerance-based hatred; it is based on negative attitudes to people. COVID-19 anxiety and fear cannot justify unprofessional use of hate speech, which should not be underestimated or ignored. The study also shows that alongside with uncertainty and fear caused by COVID-19 pandemic hate speech as a social phenomenon adds to tension and stress, and as such should be studied, analyzed and differentiated from sarcastic or ironic statements causing no harm.

190-196

Authors: Dayananda Prabhu, Jyothi Mallya, Vidya Patwardhan, Ajith Nayak

While digital technologies are opening up new avenues for learning, they are also leading to social inequalities; for instance, they have given rise to the digital gender gap. Though a significant effort is being made to make internet access universal, currently, there exists a significant gender gap concerning access, ownership of digital devices, and digital competence (DC). Digital gender equality is one of the critical enablers of sustainable development, so there is a need to assess this gap and develop meaningful indicators for use in designing and implementing effective policies. Accordingly, this study aims to examine this gender divide in DC, specifically among the hospitality students in India. We use the quantitative survey method based on DigiComp framework 2.1 to collect data from a total of 359 hospitality graduates to capture their level of DC in terms of information and data literacy, communication, content creation, safety and problem-solving. Our findings suggest no gender difference in the parameters under study except for problem-solving competence, which includes the ability to solve technical problems, use technology creatively and identify needs and technological responses.

210-220

Authors: Lyudmila Seliverstova, Irina Samarina, Anastasia Levitskaya

The main focus of the research is the cinematic representation of the USSR in modern Russia. The texts under study are Russian feature films and TV series of the last decade, 2010–2020. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the increasing interest in the era of the USSR, including the interpretation of historical facts and their emotional assessment, which form a system of social expectations and thereby directly determine the assessment of the experienced present and the desired future. The film narrative is considered as an integral structure – a set of linguistic and iconic messages. The conclusions are made about the specific myths defining cinematic representations of Soviet sports in modern films. Films about sports, which are extremely popular, are aimed at the mass audience. Audiovisual texts on sports topics are an effective tool for strengthening and promoting various social myths, and the images of athletes and their coaches are the basis of these myths. Representation of Soviet sports in modern films is modeled by the following myths: the Soviet athlete is a patriot, a man of the people; the Soviet coach is tough, but fair, uncompromising when it comes to the interests of the team or players; a professional, an innovator, often an outstanding athlete in the past; athletes and coaches usually have to resist the villain embodied by the party/state official, and succeed in competitions despite the efforts of the latter; the opposing team are professionals, however often unfair practice and unsportsmanlike behavior is featured; the triumph of Soviet sport is achieved despite the shortcomings of Soviet society. Through modern film texts as a metalanguage, the transformation of the traditional myth and the establishment of new cultural codes of Soviet existence takes place. That is, modern cinema does not feature, but constructs the parameters of the social and cultural life of the society of the USSR era. The authors of audiovisual media texts offer the viewer up-to-date codes of personal and group feelings, often contradictory or overly exaggerated. We assume that such a perspective of the study will allow us to expand the idea of Soviet ideology as a mythological system, which is relevant in modern cultural studies, the theory of mass communication and linguistics, first of all, about the mechanisms of its formation and translation to the masses.

233-241

Authors: Anna S. Slavko, Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia, Sergey I. Degtyarev, Sholpan A. Zabikh

An important attribute of present-day society is the ability to make sense of past conflicts and prevent future ones on the basis of such reflections. A central tool in this regard has been the right to truth, realizing which enables the public to not only learn about mass and gross human rights violations and their perpetrators but also seek guarantees that there will be no repeat of such events in the future. Institutionally, the right to truth is realized both via international and domestic legal procedures and through the use of various investigative and quasi-investigative commissions. The latter include truth commissions. The foundational principles underlying the operation of truth commissions were developed by UN specialists, with the basic idea being to establish such commissions in post-conflict societies as independent entities, provide them with access to all relevant documents and victims, and supply them with all necessary financial and operational support. To gain an insight into models for the formation and operation of truth commissions, an analysis was conducted of the activity of the Study Commission for Working Through the History and the Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in Germany, the Yugoslav Truth and Reconciliation Commission (both representing Europe), the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Africa), and the Truth Commission for El Salvador (Latin America). The conclusion drawn from the study is that each of these commissions has been criticized for inefficient activity, despite differences in the fulfillment of their recommendations. Truth commissions formed of local specialists tend to enjoy a higher level of support from the public. The realization of the commissions’ recommendations tends to depend on there being political will and to be possible only under pressure from the international community and a state’s civil society.

255-263

Authors: Dmytro Syzonov

The article interprets lexicographic problems from a new perspective, namely: in the media ecology. The main focus of the article is on language innovations which are actively being integrated into media communication. Their replication is not always correct and logical. We have conducted a professional survey among prospective users of the dictionary of language innovations (Shevchenko, Syzonov, 2021), which enables to assess the role of media ecology in lexicography. Among those involved in the analysis are responses from journalists, SMM analysts, PR specialists, publishing editors, and media corporation managers. The analysis has revealed that an overwhelming majority of media workers monitor language innovations and often use them in media texts. Different motivations for using language innovations (from trendiness to deliberate manipulation) give rise to incorrect interpretation by recipients, that is why it is proposed to pay attention to the media environment when replicating language innovations in the media. Lexicographers are advised to pay attention to the environmental factor when compiling dictionaries of new vocabulary. It is proposed to adhere to infolexicographic literacy when working with a media product as an illustrative material for dictionaries of language innovations.

272-279

Authors: Safeena Yaseen, Ibtesam Mazahir, Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

The rapid expansion of the advertising arena compels marketers to contest each other for acquiring greater market share than their competitors. Therefore, it has become extremely complex for brands to grab the audience’s attention for sustaining a greater market share. Considering this, advertisers nowadays are making a 360-degree shift in their traditional approach of reaching out the customers through rational advertising and communication strategies. Contrary to the rational advertising approaches, emotional advertising approaches are being widely considered more effective to grab and sustain the market share. To incorporate the emotional advertising approaches, advertisers and marketers have yet to innovate the concept of emotional intelligence in the context of advertising and the marketing domain. Emotional Intelligence is defined as “the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions.” Consumers form an external emotional connection with the brand aligned with their personal experiences. Hence, advertisers want to float advertising messages carrying positive emotional meaning. This, in turn, should help advertisers to acquire a greater market share than their competitors. Specifying the importance of emotional intelligence in the field of advertising, this study aims to investigate the prospects/potential of innovating emotional intelligence for the advertising and marketing field. The objective of this study is to assess the multiple dimensions of consumer research, where emotional intelligence has already been applied. Further, the results have been generated to analyze the gaps where more innovation can be made in terms of incorporating the concept of emotional intelligence. The study uses 33 articles published in well-reputed journals. The exploratory analysis of 33 research articles discussing the role of emotional intelligence in marketing and advertising has been conducted. Based on the analysis, this study assesses the potential that exists in this field and its role in the existing field of advertising regarding consumer association with certain brands. Multiple themes have been identified that hint upon greater connectivity of emotional intelligence in purchase decisions and other relevant advertising processes. This study will further help advertisers and marketers to innovate the concept of emotional intelligence in the context of advertising and the marketing domain.