International Journal of Computer Techniques

1-8

Authors: - IJCTXueLing Chan, YanjunZhong,YujuanQuan

Missing value processing is an unavoidable problem of data pre-processing in the field of Machine learning. Most traditional missing value imputation methods are based on probability distribution and the likes, which might not be suitable for high-dimensional data. Inspired by many unique advantages of Support Vector Machine (SVM) in the high-dimensional model, this paper proposes the missing value imputation based on the nearest neighbors similarity and support vector machine. Four commonly used data sets in the UCI machine learning database are adopted in the experiment, with experimental results showing that MINNS-SVM is effective.

1-11

Authors: - IJCTN.ZahiraJahan, S.R.Dhanapriya

Greedy forwarding is a artless yet proficient system labouring by many routing protocols. It is ideal to appreciate point-to-point routing in wireless sensor networks because packets can be delivered by only keeping a small set of neighbours’ information irrespective of network size. It has been well employed by terrestrial routing, which adopts that a packet can be moved nearer to the destination in the network topology if it is forwarded geologically nearer to the destination in the bodily space. This assumption, however, may main packets to the resident least where no neighbours of the sender are nearer to the endpoint or low-quality routes that embrace long distance hops of low packet greeting ratio. To address the resident least problem, we suggest a topology alert routing (TAR) protocol that well encodes a network topology into a low-dimensional virtual coordinate space where hop spaces between pairwise nodes are conserved. Based on exact hop distance contrast, TAR can elevation greedy forwarding to catch the right national that is one hop earlier to the destination and reach high success ratio of packet delivery without position data. Further, we recover the routing worth by inserting a network topology based on the metric of expected transmission count (ETX). ETX inserting exactly encodes both a network’s topological structure and network quality to nodes’ small size virtual coordinates, which helps greedy forwarding to guide a packet along the optimal path that has the least number of broadcasts. We estimate our methods through both reproductions and experimentations, showing that routing presentation are enhanced in terms of routing achievement ratio and routing cost.

1-9

Authors: - IJCTR.Navin Kumar, P.Mohanapriya

An optimal control advance is used to solve the problem of routing in sensor networks where the goal is to maximize the network’s lifetime. In our analysis, the energy sources (batteries) at nodes are not assumed to be “ideal” but quite behaving according to a dynamic energy use model, which captures the nonlinear behavior of actual batteries. We show that in a permanent topology case there exists an optimal policy consisting of time-invariant routing probabilities, which may be obtained by solving a set of relatively simple nonlinear programming (NLP) problems. We also show that this optimal policy is, under very mild conditions, robust with admiration to the battery model used. Further, we consider a joint routing and initial energy allocation problem over the network nodes with the same network lifetime maximization objective. We show that the solution to this problem is given by a policy that depletes all node energies at the same time and that the Equivalent energy allocation and routing probabilities are obtained by solving an NLP problem. Numerical examples are included to display the optimality of the time-invariant policy and its robustness with admiration to the battery model used.

1-10

Authors: - IJCTJayesh B Mahajan, Bhagwat Kakde

The rapid development of mobile communications systems today, along with the changing times and technology, both in terms of hardware, operating system used and the use of Internet bandwidth, making some mobile applications also contribute to exploit these developments. Mobile Commerce Applications for an example became the most popular applications for mobile users who do not want to trouble yourself with having to carry cash everywhere. An important technology behind mobile payments is called Near Field Communication (NFC). As an indication that NFC represents the potential and tremendous business, leading companies such as Nokia, Microsoft and NXP Semiconductors, actively engaged in the NFC Forum.