Journal of Dental Specialities

2-3

Authors: Prof. (Dr.) Hari Parkash.

Presently the Dental World is experiencing a revolution in terms of digitization, computerization, subtractive and additive technologies being influenced to a large extent with the world of virtual reality. Wikipedia defines Virtual Reality as, immersive multimedia or computer-simulated reality, replicating an environment that simulates a physical presence in places in the real world or an imagined world, allowing the user to interact in that world1 . Virtual realities artificially create sensory experiences, which can include sight, touch, hearing, and smell. The Virtual World has shown its strong presence in the field of implant planning, surgical guides, CAD CAM prosthesis, maxillofacial prosthodontics and many other areas. Milled prosthesis and surgical guides for implant placement have established themselves in a strong way. The newer vistas added in the field of Virtual Reality are the Virtual Face Bow, Virtual Articulators and Virtual Reality Haptic System

5-9

Authors: Okeigbemen Sunny Ajimen.

Introduction: Community- based dental training and service is the new direction in dental education. It offers a variety of positive learning experiences for dental students, providing the needed dental services for rural and the underserved areas. A case study of University of Benin dental school was carried out to evaluate the historical development of community-based services, challenges and prospects. Materials and methods: Data was obtained using the historical method through qualitative oral interviews, documents and training brochures and retrospective method from records of outreaches to rural community dental clinic, special needs, school oral health and adult/ geriatric centre using oral health outreach summary form. The qualitative research methodology of health service evaluation was used to obtain information on historical background from library documents including school brochures and records and analyzed with Micro Soft Excel and SPSS software. Results: The development of the community dentistry in the University of Benin as a specialty began under framework granting it departmental status. The learning methods until recently were essentially lecture and clinic based with curriculum structure designed to provide newly admitted students with the understanding of their chosen profession, its development, responsibilities and ethical obligations. These improved community- based programs beginning from 2011 include oral health awareness and screening for school children, community dental services for rural dwellers, special needs and orphanage programmes, and adult/geriatric client screening services. At the Community Dental Clinic in an outpost of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, 164 patients have been seen, a total of 3479 school children were screened and 872 (25%) referred for dental treatment. Similarly 169 persons with special needs and orphans were screened with 58 (34.3%) referrals to the dental clinics. At the Oral health screening component of the Centre for Disease Control at the University of Benin Teaching (CDC-UBTH) 2609 clients seen with 1855 (71%) referrals to the dental centre. Conclusion: The provision of oral health education, comprehensive and preventive services to school children, the elderly, underserved and disadvantaged persons as a regular and sustainable program is faced with challenges.

14-20

Authors: Archana Rai, Ipseeta Menon, Aruna DS, Avnish Singh.

Purpose: To study taboos in dentistry and their effect on adult oral health behavior in Ghaziabad. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional community based questionnaire survey was conducted on sample of 350 adults aged 20years and above from Ghaziabad urban and rural areas. Multistage random sampling technique was used. Single field trained and calibrated investigator collected data by interviewing study subjects using pretested structured, close ended questionnaire consisting of self-designed questions seeking on taboos related to dentistry and oral health behavior besides socio-demographic variables. Kappa co-efficient of questionnaire content was 0.80. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Chi square analysis showed intergroup comparisons. Results: Taboos related to dentistry were prevalent in urban and rural areas. Significant gender difference among subjects who believed that there was no need to visit dentist until all permanent teeth erupt and better not to brush teeth when gums bleed were highly prevalent among females (p<0.05) from both urban and rural areas. Significant association between prevalent taboos and Dental visit variables were reported. Conclusion: Taboos related to dentistry has negative effect on adult oral health behavior.

26-30

Authors: Rabinder Kaur, Piush Kumar, Payal Sharma, Shalaj Bhatnagar.

Objective: To evaluate frictional forces generated in retrieved aesthetic archwires with different ligation methods. Materials and Method: A total of 40(20 new and 20 retrieved from the patient’s mouth) Teflon coated 019X025 Stainless steel archwires and 40(20 new and 20 retrieved from the patient’s mouth) conventional 019X025 Stainless steel archwires were used for the study. The retrieved archwires were cleaned in ultrasonic cleaner for 15 minutes and placed in glutaraldehyde solution for one hour. A jig was formed using ceramic brackets without metal slot and a molar tube for the purpose of evaluation of friction forces. The wires were ligated with either stainless steel ligatures or elastomeric modules. The values obtained were subjected to Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon Sign rank test for statistical analysis. Results: The frictional values for conventional Stainless steel wires was less than Teflon coated wires in case of new wires. In case of retrieved archwires there was no difference between conventional or Teflon coated wires. The amount of friction for both Teflon coated and conventional wires decreased on retrieved from the patient. In case of Teflon coated wires the friction was greater with ligatures as compared to modules while in case of conventional Stainless steel wires it was vice-versa. Conclusion: Teflon coated wires when cleaned in ultrasonic cleaner showed reduction in frictional forces with no significant difference in friction generated by both methods of ligation.

36-38

Authors: Pankaj Kukreja, Mohit Mangla, Lily Rajput, Kumar Rakshak Anand, Sanjeev Kumar, Heena Agarwal.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of different percentage elongations on the ultimate tensile strength of 24 and 26 gauge stainless steel wires. Materials and Methods: 5 sets of wires were taken from a single spool of 26 gauge and 24 gauge obtained from a single manufacturer. They were pre-stretched to different percentages of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. The wires were cut to a standard length of 20 cm each and were subjected to tensile stretching forces at a uniform rate of 20mm/minute in Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The ultimate load was evaluated in each of the wires. Results: The mean ultimate load for 24 gauge wire was noted to be the highest (62.84± 0.38) in 10% elongation and the least (57.44± 0.32) in 12.5%. Whereas in 26 gauge, mean ultimate load was noted to be highest (62.64 ± 0.16) in 5 % elongation and least (58.39 ± 0.26) in 10% elongation. Conclusion: We can do pre-stretching of 24 gauge wire upto 10 % for maximum ultimate strength and for 26 gauge upto 5% for maximum ultimate strength.

46-51

Authors: Cheshta Yadav, Ashok Kumar Utreja, Satinder Pal Singh, Ashok Kumar Jena.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that premolar extraction had no favorable effect on the angulation of developing third molar among subjects undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Pre- and post-treatment orthopantomograms of 73 subjects in the age range of 13-24 years were divided into three groups to evaluate the effect of premolar extraction on the improvement of developing third molar angulation. Group-I (n=26) included subjects in whom all first premolars were extracted, Group-II (n=20) included subjects in whom all second premolars were extracted and Group-III (n=27) included subjects in whom non-extraction orthodontic treatment was carried out for the correction of their malocclusion. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test were used for the statistical analysis. The P-value of 0.05 was considered as level of significant. Results: The mean angulations of maxillary third molars were increased significantly following first and second premolars extraction treatment (P<0.01). The mean angulations of mandibular third molars were increased marginally following first premolars extraction treatment, however the mean angulations of the mandibular third molars were increased significantly following second premolars extraction treatment (P<0.05). The changes in the angulations of maxillary and mandibular third molars after non-extraction orthodontic treatment were very modest and statistically not-significant. Conclusions: Extraction of first and second premolars had favorable effect on the angulation of developing third molars. The favorable changes were more following the second premolars extraction as compared to the all first premolars extraction.

61-64

Authors: Mamatha NS, Madhumathi Singh, Beena Roopak, Shilpa Rani MN, Sowmini.

Sialocele is a collection of saliva in the subcutaneous tissue or in the glandular tissues. When this communicates with the skin and drains it is known as parotid fistula. The causes are sharp penetrating trauma, infectious drainage, TMJ surgery, parotidectomy, condylar fracture reduction. We report a case of parotid fistula is due to sharp penetrating object and a case of parotid sialocele following open reduction of condylar fracture. There are numerous methods of treatment of parotid fistula and sialocele. Here we followed repeated aspiration, pressure dressing and oral administration of hyoscine. The excellent result was achieved with conservative therapy.

66-69

Authors: Rohit Kochhar, Ruchika Dewan, Sonal Soi, Mansi Punjabi.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of five commercially available mouthrinses i.e. Listerine, Benzydamine, Rexidine, Proflo, Hiora on the microhardness of the hybrid composite restorative material. Materials and Method: Fifty specimens were prepared withHybrid Composite Restorative Material (Te-Econom Plus) and immersed in Saleve (artificial saliva; supplied by the manufacturer) for 24hr. The baseline microhardness of specimens was recorded using Vicker’s microhardness tester.The pH of mouthrinses was recorded with digital pH meter. All 50 specimens were divided into five groups of 10 samples each and immersed into20 ml of - Group I - Listerine (alcohol based) mouthrinse, Group II - Benzydamine (HCl based) mouthrinse,Group III- Rexidin (Chlorhex based) mouthrinse, Group IV-Proflo (fluoride containing) mouthrinse, and Group V -Hiora (alcohol free, herbal) mouthrinse and incubated for 24hr at 37ºC. After immersion the microhardness values of the specimens were recorded again and the data was tabulated for statistical analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for inter group comparison followed by pairwise comparison of groups using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: All mouthrinses tested showed decreased microhardness of the Te-Econom Plus (hybrid composite restorative material) (P<0.001). Group I-(Listerine) showed highest reduction while Group II-(Benzydamine) showed the lowest reduction in the microhardnessof the hybrid composite restorative material respectively. Conclusion: All the five groups decreased the microhardness of the Hybrid Composite Restorative Material. The highest reduction in microhardness was found in alcohol-containing mouthrinse (Listerine).

74-81

Authors: Ashish Chopra, Sameer Patil, Puneet Batra, Gaurav Singh.

Case report of 19 year old female patient with dentoalveolar excess treated with combined orthodontics and anterior maxillary osteotomy.

87-89

Authors: Shubhra Gill, Rekha Gupta, Mahesh Verma.

Retinoblastoma is one of the commonest malignant intraocular tumors in pediatric population, resulting in evisceration, enucleation or exenteration of orbital contents. An ocular prosthesis can boost the psychological wellbeing of a patient with an anophthalmic socket. Though the stock prosthesis for ocular defects can be used as an interim prosthesis but customized prosthesis is required for better fit, function, esthetics and tissue health of anophthalmic socket. The present case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a surgically treated case of retinoblastoma.

95-98

Authors: Shaily Tyagi, Divya Ratan Dahiya, Praful Mehra, Gaurav Issar.

Implant placement in esthetic zone is a challenge in implant dentistry because of the interplay of multiple factors like adjacent restoration, bone, mucosa, and lip line that result in a serviceable prosthesis complementing the natural dentition. The philosophy behind implant/restorative protocols is preservation. If bone loss occurs gingival architecture will collape, which will lead to aesthetic compromise and inadequate bone for implant placement. This case report aims to describe important aspects of implant placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets, by evaluating the changes that takes place in hard and soft tissues occuring upto 2 years following the implant placement.