INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering

9-18

Authors: Golub G.A., Kukharets S.M., Tsyvenkova N.M., Golubenko A.A., Kalenichenko P.S.

A method of defining an optimal blowing mode for the boiler when burning agricultural plant residues with varying moisture content, by measuring flue gases temperature was proposed. A multifactor experiment was planned to interconnect the above-mentioned parameters. A tuning chart for the boiler was built based on the results. It was defined that maximum flue gases temperature is an indicator of optimal air supply, i.e. flue gases temperature is an estimate indicator of combustion completeness. As a result of researching regime parameters when burning different plant residue mixtures and analysing received response surfaces, the parameters for maximized heat productivity were obtained.

27-34

Authors: Vlăduţ D.I., Biriş S., Vlăduţ V., Cujbescu D., Ungureanu N., Găgeanu I.

The paper presents the results obtained from experimental researches carried out under exploitation conditions in order to determinate the qualitative working indices of an equipment used for preparing the seedbed for heavy soils: the vegetal debris coverage degree and the soil crushing degree, as well as the energy indices: slipping, traction and fuel consumption, depending on the depth, soil moisture and working speed.

45-52

Authors: Bandura, V.; Bulgakov, V.; Adamchuk, V.; Ivanovs, S.;

Intensification of the technological processes in the production of vegetable oils is a topical scientific and practical task. It is assumed that extracts from the plant raw materials obtained by exposure to the electromagnetic microwave field possess qualitatively new biochemical and biological properties in comparison with similar extracts obtained by means of the conventional extraction methods. The article deals with possibilities to reduce the duration of the extraction process of the soybean and canola seeds, to achieve great output of the target component, to increase the number of valuable components (tocopherols) in the finished product. It has been established that in the microwave intensifier, in contrast to the classic method of extraction, the extraction time of the soybean and canola seeds is reduced to 70%, but the output of the target component increases within the limits of 30%.

63-70

Authors: Aksenov, A.G.; Izmaylov, A.Iu.; Dorokhov, A.S.; Sibirev, A.V.;

The existing seed-onion planting machines provide that the sowing machines select bulbs from the total mass by group rather than by piece. As a result, the bulbs are not planted with their stems down and at a preset spacing. Therefore, new solutions are needed to maintain bulb stems downward position in the furrow. The article discusses various designs of planting devices for planting machines and highlights their main advantages and disadvantages. It also provides an overview of an engineering sample design of the planting machine equipped with vibration-pneumatic planting device for oriented seed-onion planting in the furrow.

77-86

Authors: Boja, N.; Boja, F.; Vidrean, D.; Teusdea, A.; Bungescu, S.; Borz, SA.;

Seedbed preparation for crop establishment (sowing) is one of the most important agricultural works, as it is done with high energy consumption and high costs. The quality of this work influences to a large extent crop germination and the productivity that can be obtained per hectare. Therefore, at present, there is different equipment from the one found in classical cultivation technologies, which by single pass can achieve tillage with minimum energy consumption, thus creating optimal conditions for sowing and for obtaining higher yield without soil degradation. These devices are called combinators. Of all the existing combinators, the most performant are the vibro-combinators. In order to carry out the research, we settled in six parcels in the plains of the West of Romania so that we could have three different types of soils which are representative for that specific area. From each profile soil samples were collected in three steps of 6, 12 and 18 cm. For each sample six repetitions were performed (N = 6). We started by measuring the particle size distribution (granulometric composition) and the main physical properties of the soil (moisture, bulk density, total porosity and soil compression degree).

97-104

Authors: Hevko, R.B.; Liubin, M.V.; Tokarchuk, O.A.; Lyashuk, O.L.; Pohrishchuk, B.V.; Klendii, O.M.;

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of simultaneous transporting and mixing the components of feed mixtures along the curvilinear paths of tubular conveyors are presented in this article. A mathematical model of the dependence of the change of elementary work performed while transporting the bulk material elementary mass along the curvilinear section is developed. Based on experimental researches, the technique of determining the technological parameters, which ensure the reduction of energy consumption while mixing bulk materials with the given quality of feed mixtures, is proposed. When considering the range of changes in the inner holes of the washers dh = 14…25 mm and the angles of their position to the horizon  = 30°…75°, the intensity of the material components passing-through and their consequent mixing increases with the increase of the value of the parameter dh and the reduction of the angle .

113-120

Authors: Kupchuk, I.M.; Solona, O.V.; Derevenko, I.A.; Tverdokhlib, I.V.;

One of the most energy-intensive operations used in feed technology for livestock is grinding. Therefore, scientific research aimed at minimizing the consumption of energy resources by technological machines – crushers and increasing the energy efficiency of the process in general is an important task. When grinding grain with a moisture content index above the basic condition, there is a low efficiency of the method of crushing by impact due to the increased plasticity of the material and an increase in the value of the marginal deformation that the grain can perceive before fracture. Partial solution of this problem is possible by combining the method of cutting and impact, which formed the basis of a technical solution implemented in the scientific laboratory of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. In previous scientific research, the authors developed and analyzed a mathematical model of energy consumption by a crusher drive. As a result of theoretical studies, the analytical and graphical dependence of the energy consumption by the drive from the angular velocity of the crusher rotor shaft was obtained. The aim of this article is to verify the reliability of a mathematical model by conducting experimental tests and comparing the results of experimental researches with theoretical researches. The experimental part of the work was performed in the laboratories of the department of processes and processing equipment and food industries of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University and the specialized laboratory of «Ovchatsky» MPD, SE «Ukrspirt», using the experimental-industrial model of the vibration disc-type crusher. The EMF-1:1 electronic wattmeter recorded energy consumption, as well as wireless tachometer UNI-T UT372 the rotation frequency of the drive shaft (rotor). Verification of the mathematical model has shown a high level of its adequacy, and it can be used in the designing of a vibrating disc crusher of this type.

131-140

Authors: Darwin, Muhammad Ilham, Afrizal Fazil

Biogas is a clean and cheap renewable energy that can be used for generating electricity. One of the current methods applied to enhance biogas production was through anaerobic co-digestion. The current study revealed that anaerobic digestion of cow manure co-digested with cocoa husk produced higher biogas production (348.3 mL/day) than anaerobic digestion of cow manure alone (26.5 mL/day). Even if a high organic loading rate (OLR) (4.173 kg VS/m3.day) was applied to the reactor of anaerobic co-digestion, no inhibition was found at which pH was stable at 7.08. The results suggested that high OLR and short HRT (10 days) did not inhibit biogas production.

151-160

Authors: Kai, Zhao; Jingwei, Chang; Xinming, Ma; Feng, Zhao;

As a progressively accumulating and dynamically changing process, agricultural drought stress is influenced by various factors, such as atmospheric environment, hydrogeology and vegetation. To master the change laws of soil drought, we proposed a novel soil drought monitoring forecasting method based on Google cloud computing service platform. The Google cloud computing platform Google App Engine was analysed. This computing platform was utilized for drought monitoring. A three-layer back-propagation neural network was used for the forecasting analysis of corresponding soil drought. The accuracy of the method was verified through an experiment. Results demonstrate that all the relative errors of the method were lower than 10% and thus it has a high monitoring precision. These findings can be used as a theoretical basis for formulating strategies for drought resistance. The proposed method provides a good prospect to drought monitoring and forecasting strategies using other cloud computing platforms.

171-180

Authors: Nalobina, О.O.; Gerasymchuk, O.P.; Puts, V.S.; Martyniuk, V.L.; Shovkomyd, O.V.; Vasylchuk, N.V.; Bundza, О.Z.; Holotiuk, M.V.; Serilko, D.L.;

The design of a reaper that provides grinding of stems, which eliminates the need for mulcher application, offers the conditions for introducing a new technology of growing No-Till crops in agrarian enterprises. The substantiation method of the analytical model is proposed, which allows to determine the nature of the stem movement on the side surface of the sunflower header elevator in the process of their interaction.