Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

4-9

Authors: Wiktor Kania, Radoslaw Wajman

The project aimed to develop and implement an efficient web server in the C++ programming language. A highly concurrent network server was achieved using system calls such as polls and a limited number of threads. The server has built-in support for a new scripting language called Ckript. It is an original project that exposes most of the server’s functionality and is the primary way of developing back-end web applications. Ckript is an interpreted language with a strong typing system, garbage collection, semi-manual memory management, first-class functions, explicit variable references, support for certain object-oriented patterns and many others. In the article the syntax of the language but also the environment architecture has been explained. Finally, the testing procedure has been described with the results’ presentation and discussion at each step.

15-19

Authors: Borys Mokin, Vitalii Mokin, Oleksandr Mokin, Orken Mamyrbaev, Saule Smailova

The problem of creating mathematical models of nonlinear dynamical systems does not have an unambiguous solution and requires the creation of a separate synthesis method for each such object. To develop a method for synthesizing mathematical models of an extensive class of nonlinear dynamical systems with polynomial nonlinearities. The work uses a method based on the solution of the Volterra integral equation in the ideology set forth in Van Trees H.L., according to which the structure of a nonlinear dynamical object present47s a series connection of the linear part, characterizing the inertial properties of the system, and the nonlinear element, given by static characteristic. The difference of the suggested version of the method from the classical one, proposed in the works of Van Trees H.L., is an expansion of their input and output signals into Fourier series and a representation of the inertial part of these systems by their Bode plots, connected into one structure with input and output signals and non-linearity by Volterra integral equation. The algorithm of the proposed method is disclosed by the example of solving the problem of identifying a nonlinear dynamical system which impulse response of the inertial part satisfies the separability requirement, the order of the polynomial nonlinearity is three, and the model of the input signal has the form of a sinusoid "raised" over the time axis on a priori given constant level. A computational experiment was carried out on the example of nonlinear dynamical systems with the third order of the nonlinear characteristic and the first and second orders of the model of the inertial part of these systems with the specified algorithms of their parametric identification. The suggested method allows to synthesis the mathematical model of a nonlinear dynamical system with the polynomial static characteristic to the case when the input signal has an arbitrary number of harmonics, and the model of the inertial part and the nonlinear polynomial function have an arbitrary order.

24-29

Authors: Nataliia Stelmakh, Oleg Belman

The paper regards the urgency of creating small - sized systems for automated local sorting of household waste for modern residential complexes based on visual spectrometry. For this purpose, algorithms for system operation were developed and the procedure for designing a functional control scheme for the sorting process with the construction of the necessary contours of automated control was presented.

34-37

Authors: Serhii Zakharchenko, Tetiana Korobeinikova, Aigul Tungatarova, Bakhyt Yeraliyeva

A new method of successive approximation ADC calibration without interruption of the main conversion process is proposed. The method is based on the use of information redundancy in the form of redundant positional number systems. The method is based on the selection and analysis of unused combinations in the redundant ADC conversion characteristic.

43-49

Authors: Alexander Osadchuk, Iaroslav Osadchuk, Volodymyr Martyniuk, Lyudmila Krylik, Maria Evseeva

A new magnetically sensitive element based on the synthesized semiconductor material has been developed. A method for the synthesis of a complex compound has been developed tetrakis-µ3-(methoxo) (methanol)-pentakis (acetylacetonate) (tricuprum (II), neodymium (III)) methanol (I). The scheme of arrangement of chemical bonds for this complex compound is offered. Conducted properties have been studied tetrakis-µ3-(methoxo) (methanol)-pentakis (acetylacetonate) (tricuprum (II), neodymium (III)) methanol (I) in compressed form in the temperature range 273 - 493 K showed that conductivity varies from 5.67 ∙ 10-14 (Ohm ∙ m)-1 at a temperature of 273 K to 1.06 (Ohm∙m)-1 at a temperature of 493 K. The experiment showed that in the temperature range 303 - 423 K resistivity of the pressed sample of the test material of compound (I) decreases from 2∙1010 Ohm∙m to 5 ∙ 102 Ohm∙m, ie the isolated compound is a semiconductor. In the developed magnetoresistor when changing the induction of the magnetic field from 10-3 to 200 mT, the resistivity varies from 3.12∙10-5 Ohm to 1.25∙10-2 Ohm∙m, and from 200 mT to 1 T, the resistivity varies from1.25∙10-2 Ohm to 0.3 Ohm. On the basis of the developed magnetically sensitive resistive element the circuit solution of the frequency transducer of a magnetic field is offered. The frequency transducer of the magnetic field is a hybrid integrated circuit consisting of a bipolar transistor and a gate gate transistor, which creates the preconditions for the creation of an autogenerator device, the feedback circuit of which includes a magnetically sensitive resistor based on tetrakis-µ3- (methoxo) (methanol)-pentakis (acetylacetonate) (tricuprum (II), neodymium (III)) methanol (I).The frequency of generation of the developed transducer increases the most in the range from 10-3 T to 0.2 T, and at a supply voltage of 5.0 V varies from 250 kHz to 600 kHz, and in the whole range of changes in magnetic field induction varies from 250 kHz to 750 kHz. The sensitivity of the developed device with frequency output for measuring the induction of the magnetic field is from 400 Hz/mT to 800 Hz/mT.

56-59

Authors: Kostyantyn Ovchynnykov, Oleksandr Vasilevskyi, Volodymyr Sevastianov, Yurii Polievoda, Aliya Kalizhanova , Bakhyt Yeraliyeva

The article provides an analysis of the physical processes underlying the operation of the measuring transducer, with a time based information presentation. A mathematical model is developed that describes the process of free oscillation attenuation excited in the LC-contour of primary measuring transducer, and analyzes and evaluates the influence of external factors that influence the measurement results. The ways of elimination of their influence on the results of measuring control are offered.

64-68

Authors: Tomasz Rymarczyk, Jan Sikora

The accuracy of the calculation of acoustic problems formulated in the frequency domain is presented in this work. The issues of the acoustic point sources modelling were discussed and the influence of frequency as well as the impact of the geometry of the analysed area on the accuracy of calculations were indicated. Speaking about the influence of geometry, we mean not only discretization but also the configuration of the considered area, such as for example point sources localization close to the outer edge.

73-76

Authors: Monika Styła, Sebastian Styła

The paper presents a numerical electromagnetic simulations of SAR limited to human tissues based on FDTD algorithm using Sim4Life platform. Flat-bottomed dielectric vessel (flat phantom) and half-wave symmetric dipole antenna were modeled. Simulations were done for the frequencies 0.9 GHz and 0.6 GHz. The analysis were performed according to the IEEE/IEC62704-1 standard and include distributions of electric and magnetic fields around the phantom and antenna. Finally, SAR distributions in the phantom and near the antenna.

4-9

Authors: Serhii Moroz, Anatolii Tkachuk, Mykola Khvyshchun, Stanislav Prystupa, Mykola Yevsiuk

The analysis of mobile communication standards is carried out, the functional structure and interfaces of interaction between the structural elements of the cellular network are considered. To understand the principle of communication according to the GSM standard, a block diagram of a mobile switching center (MSC), base station equipment (BSS), control and service center (MCC), mobile stations (MS) is presented. The main algorithms for ensuring the confidentiality and security of mobile subscribers' data, in different types of standards, as well as the vulnerabilities of information flows are considered. In particular, the following dangerous types of attacks have been identified, to which mobile network subscribers are sensitive: sniffing; leakage of personal data; leakage of geolocation data; spoofing; remote capture of SIM-card, execution of arbitrary code (RCE); denial of service (DoS). It is established that the necessary function of the mobile network is the identification of subscribers, which is performed by IMSI, which is recorded in the SIM card of the subscriber and the HLR of the operator. To protect against spoofing, the network authenticates the subscriber before starting its service. In the case of subscriber identification, the subscriber and the network operator are protected from the effects of fraudulent access. In addition, the user must be protected from eavesdropping. This is achieved by encrypting the data transmitted over the radio interface. Thus, user authentication in UMTS, as well as in the GSM network, is carried out using encryption with a common key using the "hack-response" protocol (the authenticating party sends a random number to the authenticated party, which encrypts it according to a certain algorithm using a common key and returns the result back).

15-19

Authors: Dominik Gnaś, Przemysław Adamkiewicz

This paper discusses two ways of measuring the distance between the transmitter and the receiver using UWB technology, then identifies their advantages and disadvantages. The method of calculating the position is presented together with the method of predicting errors based on room geometry. The hardware configuration of the transmitter and receiver systems included in a location system based on UWB technology is explained. Bluetooth technology is discussed, which is used to connect the location system with the environmental monitoring system.

24-27

Authors: Damian Harasim

This publication presents the basic assumptions about the light guiding mechanisms in tilted fiber Bragg gratings, transmission spectra of the fiber with such structures and their sensor properties related to the occurrence of the so-called cladding modes. The light in the form of modes coupled to the optical fiber cladding causes their spectral properties to depend on the difference in the refractive indices of the surrounding medium and the fiber cladding. With the introduction of a small inclination angle of the diffraction fringes forming the Bragg grating, the cladding modes show sensitivity to changes in the refractive index of the environment of aqueous solutions, which makes the spectrum of their applications broad. This publication presents changes in the spectra of selected modes measured for solutions with a specific refractive index, shift sensitivity, and changes in the mode transmission coefficient and processing characteristics at a selected concentration range of solutions. Experimental results show that high order cladding modes respond both by shifting the central wavelength as well as by changing the transmission minimum. In selected ranges, these parameters show a linear characteristic as a function of changes in the concentration of the cane sugar aqueous solution. In the case of TFBG with a tilt angle of 8 °, the sensitivity of wavelength changes is 0.012nm / RIU for solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 10% by weight.

36-39

Authors: Aleksandra Wilczyńska, Karolina Czarnacka, Andrzej Kociubiński, Tomasz Kołtunowicz

In this paper, the transport properties of discontinuous 4 nm copper layers obtained by dual-source non-reactive magnetron sputtering in the presence of argon are presented. The value of resistance and capacitance of the current parallel to the plane of these layers can be adjusted independently by changing the nominal thickness of the metallization. The influence of frequency on the conductivity of the obtained structures in the range from 4 Hz to 8 MHz was studied. Additionally, in order to compare the non-oxidized and oxidized layers, some of them were heated at 500 °C. Based on the results obtained, the mechanism of electric charge transfer was determined, the knowledge of which is essential for planning further experiments based on this sputtering method and potential selection of future application of the structures. Statistical measurements at room temperature will serve as a reference for the conductivity and resistivity values obtained by mathematical calculations from measurements of resistance, capacitance, phase shift angle, and dielectric loss tangent as a function of temperature from 20 K to 375 K, which are expected in further studies on the obtained structures. The work is an introduction to the technology of obtaining multi-layer metal-dielectric structures.

44-46

Authors: Oleksii Perepelytsia, Tetyana Nosova

Apexlocators are devices that determine the working length of the root canal. Measurement with the help of alternating currents of different frequencies in combination with the method of the ratio allows to achieve high accuracy in determining the location of the physiological tip of the root (over 80%). However, such devices cannot accurately visualize where a doctor's tool is. Using image processing algorithms, you can segment tooth root structures with high precision. Therefore, the combination of electronic determination of the root canal length (using apexlocator) with X-ray segmentation is relevant.