Ukrainian Society

17-30

Authors: Gnit Yu. M.

Under conditions of intensive social changes, and in particular, the self-determination of different identities, there is a need for their definition and analysis in international academic discourse. The patterns of identity exist in the academic environment not only for the internal group, theoretical use, but also for public discussion, in particular for the legitimization of identities. Their last function is important for the sociological understanding of identities construction in modern society. Therefore, an attempt was made to characterize the peculiarities of studying the identity in international discourse, as authoritative for national science and socio-technological activity. The research was based on the analysis of text materials from the website SAGE journals (217 annotations of articles for 2017). It was revealed that sociologists, psychologists and scientists in the field of communication and media studies predominantly construct a discourse of identity. Therefore, the problem centers around the specific and local themes, at the same time, common and global topics are significantly fewer. Sociology investigates national, racial, and civic identities under the conditions of multiculturalism and post-colonial policies. International discourse is characterized by the study of a wide range of identity types, but the main areas are based on the investigation of national, racial, professional, gender identities. Foreign discourse studies the identity in terms of hybridization, that is characterized by instable cultural relations and cultural mixing. Ethnic and racial identities of African Americans and Latinos in multicultural American society were often studied. It was revealed that gender identities were analyzed in the context of personal and interpersonal relationships. The authors investigate virtual identities, constructed based on communicative practices, under the conditions of new information technologies. Territorial identities in the discourse are significantly fewer than national ones. The identities of LGBT, academic, age, deviant and organizational identities are the additional areas for investigation. In the international discourse, identities are considered as socially constructed. They are analyzed in multicultural context. These types and priority directions of international discourse influence the national research of identity, its construction, in particular in media.

51-65

Authors: Dutchak O. A.

The article analyzes anti-crisis policy of the Ukrainian government between 2014 and 2017 from the perspective of possible influence on gender inequality. It reviews foreign researchers’ conclusion on the negative impact of neoliberal anti-crisis policy on women. The article highlights the absence of suggested analysis in Ukraine despite the relevance of these issues. It also emphasizes the lack of research on the issue of non-institutional state support of reproductive labor in Ukraine. Based on statistics, the article shows the intensification of socio-economic gender inequality in Ukraine after the beginning of the crisis in 2014. It distinguishes key indicators of growing inequality in labor market and pension system. The article analyzes how the anti-crisis policy of the government, implemented in order to cut budget expenses, became one of the causes of the mentioned processes. The article concentrates on gender aspects in the spheres of labor market regulation and state support of reproductive labor, and also in the state sector reform. Among policies and reforms which have structurally influenced women are: freezing the legal minimum wage and the legal subsistence minimum, reformation of social payments and subsidies for children and childrearing, cuts in employment and facilities in the public sector. Such neoliberal anti-crisis policies deteriorated the situation of women, especially those in socially vulnerable groups. The analysis allows identifying several additional characteristics that influence women’s vulnerability, which are: older age, living in rural areas, as well as family circumstances that increase reproductive labor burden, i.e. having children or adults who require attendance. Besides, due to war, new vulnerable groups appear, such as internally displaced persons and people who live in or near the combat zone. The article allows to conclude that, despite some measures to overcome gender inequality, a lack of sensibility to the gender dimension in neoliberal socio-economic policy in general and the lack of attention to the state support of reproductive labor specifically deteriorate women’s situation and hinder a systematic progress towards gender equality.

83-95

Authors: Kukhta M. P.

Тhe article offers a new approach to the study of life perspectives and personality strategies. From the point of view of this approach, the life perspectives are understood as the vectors of the future deployment from the point of probability view of filling it with certain events estimated from the position of desirability/undesirability of the these events occurrence or their consequences, their division into events that are desirable for events. The fullness of the life perspective is determined by its intensity, event saturation, that is the number of fateful or important events that will potentially occur in the estimated time period from the present to the future. Predictable (planned and predictable) events, which are arranged in terms of remoteness in time and as their significance (that is, the ability to influence the subsequent life of the individual), forms a time-event framework for a life perspective. The main dimensions of the life perspectives are considered: the biological perspective of existence (this includes the approximate duration of existence and the quality of existence) and social perspective. The life perspective is interpreted as a way of predicting its future by the subject in the social, biological and problem-event planes, resulting in the creation of cognitive prerequisites for goal-setting. The life perspective is one of the main means of self-regulation of the individual actor, representing the result of his cognitive efforts regarding the anticipation of his own future. The problem-event approach involves considering the life perspectives in the context of both positive (in terms of goals) future events, and undesirable circumstances that actually or potentially create problems that need to be addressed by the individual.

106-129

Authors: Shapoval Yu. I.

Paper dwells upon the dialectic of liberalization and capital flow controls under the conditions of global transformations. Author clarifies the pros and cons of the international capital flows liberalization for the recipient country. Defined are researches that study the relationship between the liberalization of the capital operations account and economic growth, between the capital flows and the new risks emergence. The paradoxes of capital movements are highlighted in practice, namely “Lucas Paradox” and “Allocation Puzzle”. By reviewing historical practice, it has been established that countries started to abolish capital controls in 1960s, but due to problems of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s, this process slowed down and was restored only in early 1980s. It has been revealed that the tendency towards liberalization of capital movements still outweighs the use of control. It was shown that liberalization took place within the framework of the movement towards the OECD, joining the Eurozone, the adoption of the terms of Article VIII of the IMF Statute. Three waves of liberalization of OECD member countries are depicted. The international agreements between the WTO and ASEAN on trade liberalization, which contain provisions for the liberalization of the capital movement are indicated. The approaches to liberalization according to the rate of conducting, namely rapid (“Big Bang”) and sequencing, are generalized. It was shown that Israel, the Baltic States, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, and Kenya were liberalizing by an accelerated scenario. The negative experience of Israel, whose financial stability of the economy has been undermined by the sudden abolition of restrictions on capital movements, points to the need to fulfill the conditions for liberalization, as a set out in the recommendations of the IMF. It was found that in most countries, liberalization was conducted with a consistent approach. It has been established that the use of control, as a tool for levelling the impact of capital inflows (in particular, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Malaysia, Thailand) and outflows (in Malaysia, Thailand) proves its benefits. The focus is on recent crises in the Baltic, Iceland, Cyprus, and Greece, where the introduction of restrictions stabilized the currency and stopped the capital outflow. It is noted that now the trend towards liberalization is more evident among developing countries rather than among developed ones. World experience shows that in order to manage inflow/outflow, central authorities practice the policy of low-interest rates, currency interventions, and, less often, fiscal policies, and capital controls.

144-161

Authors: Zubyk S. P.

Strengthening of corporate social responsibility is the global trend of social development from the second half of the last century. Such strengthening has become a response to the stakeholders (owners, management and personnel, society and local communities, other interested groups) pressure and as the result of the scientific knowledge evolution, as well as approaches and practices of corporate governance embodied in the concept of strategic management. Corporate pensions is measure of the corporate social responsibility with the goal to increase internal resources corporations through the formation of a higher level of staff’s trust and loyalty, improvement of the moral climate in the team, development of positive motivation, etc. An additional factor of the development of corporate pension has been the introduction of multi-component pension models in many countries, the basic pillar of which is non-government pensions. According to numerous researches corporate pensions are of particular importance in low and middle income countries. In such countries corporate pensions can effectively supplement other basic elements of the pension system, to provide acceptable replacement rates and to restrain fiscal expenditures. In Ukraine employers rarely include the retirement component in their own social packages and apply it in corporate governance. Such unclaimed corporate pension provision is explained by the fact that salaries are low, unemployment rate is high, etc. Employers usually use a poor arsenal of personnel management tools (primarily improvement of labor assessment and wage increases). The economic association of Ukraine with the European Union can give impetus to corporations to change basic approaches in the management organization and reorientation to provide competitive advantages in the long-term prospective. Implementation of the strategic management concept will involve introducing qualitative changes in the policy of personnel management, integrating the principles of corporate social responsibility into its own corporate strategy. Increased competition for labor resources, caused by, in particular, the reduction of the of economically active population, strengthened labor migration to other countries, etc., and will force corporations to pay more attention to corporate pension plans, which are the best way to retain employees and attract new ones.

178-183

Authors: Nitspol S. I., Nesterenko Ye. O.

Paper presents surveys results of innovative youth project U-Report for the II quarter of 2018: the relationship of children with their parents, practices of turning to parents for help in solving personal problems; acceptable methods of conflict resolution among young people, reaction of young people to conflict situations; youth’s internship practices during study, youth’s training for employment, willingness of young people to undertake paid or unpaid internship while getting a job.