Gamtamokslinis ugdymas / Natural Science Education

7-20

Authors: Dirceu D. D. Souza, Karen C. Weber, Agnaldo Arroio

Teaching processes that promote knowledge integration must consider the relevance of graphical literacy, an essential competence to investigative activities in natural science education. The aim of this study is to analyze the treatment given to the domain of constructing graphics in the official documents related to scholar curriculum in Brazil and to debate it at the light of classroom practices. So, the recent literature on the topic is analyzed, as well as Brazilian official pedagogical orientations. Also, an activity on graphical construction was proposed to high school students and a teacher was interviewed. The results obtained indicate a twilight zone for graphical construction in the official doc-uments, which extends to teaching training and reflects into classroom practices, creating a vicious circle composed by the incongruence in the orientations, limitations in teaching training and therefore in students’ learning, which demonstrate a heuristic and a superficial vision of graphical construction when solving Chemistry problems. The implications of these results point out the urge to broaden this debate in order to include this topic in teaching training undergraduate programs, besides emphasizing the exploration of this issue in the classroom.

28-37

Authors: Sergei Teleshov, Elena Teleshova

This article plunges us into the history of chemistry teaching methods - one of the most interesting methodological sciences. This paper focuses on a methodical review of the most, perhaps, the famous Russian and productive practitioner. Vadim Verhovskiy known for his books and instruments created by him, and his famous «Techniques and methods of chemical experiment». This article briefly describes the didactic activity of the largest Russian practitioner of the first half of the twentieth century. He was a leading expert in the theory and methodology of school chemical experiment. He also was the author of a workbook, school textbooks, books to read, various means of visibility: models and instruments. «Сhemical alphabet», which he created in 1927, allows students in visual form design formula of various classes of substances. This «Alphabet» and guidelines for it, made specifically for students can promptly be consciously formulas of substances and write the equations of chemical reactions. His advice and experience, we can actively and usefully applied in working with contemporary students. The unique experience should not be lost. It was to be hoped that the methodical heritage of V. Verhovskiy will be in demand also in the 21st century too.

48

Authors: Vincentas Lamanauskas

A short information (review) on the international scientific conference "Information & Communication Technology in Natural Science Education - 2013".

7-17

Authors: Violeta Šlekienė, Loreta Ragulienė

Following the renewed general programs of Lithuanian secondary education i.e., by adjusting the content and teaching/learning goals of each subject, not only knowledge, but also their applications, real problems solving and reasoning have emphasized in the teaching process. Therefore, not only the conveyance of subject matter knowledge, but also teaching students to think and understand is particularly important. In order to assess the student's level of uptake of knowledge and its application, it is necessary to identify the process of thinking and understanding of subject matter, to capture errors and incorrect thinking. When the causes of errors are known, it is possible to define what knowledge or skills are missing. This article deals with the typical errors that have made when solving problems from the light phenomena. These are subject errors caused by a lack of knowledge or wrong under-standing of material, errors caused by gaps of application abilities and inattention errors. Mastering peculiarities of students' knowledge of light phenomena was studied by analysis of problems solutions. For this purpose, the 1747 problems solving of students' of young physi-cists school “Foton” of Siauliai University were analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of problems solutions showed that the prob-lems of light phenomena for students of young physicists school “Foton” were moderately difficult (0.65). It can be argued that students are well mastered this physics course and are able to apply their knowledge in specific situations. The study revealed a typical subject, skills and inattention errors that were done not only in the "Photon" problems solving, but also dur-ing the lesson or the control work, doing homework, participation in the Olympiad and so on. There are some tips on how to avoid those mistakes.

27-33

Authors: Michal Musilek, Jan Šlegr

The authors from Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové prepared worksheets for teaching topic “The rainbow formation” in subject physics at high school through laboratory work, which combines classical experiment and computer model. Classical experiment can be done with tools commonly available in the school science lab. A computer model based on geometric and physical analysis of the problem is to create a table and graph through spreadsheet software. Carefully prepared worksheet was provided to several teachers at different types of high schools in Hradec Kralove and the surrounding area. Addressed teachers used the methodology and worksheets for certain groups of students. Efficiency of the method was tested by pre-test and post-test and evaluated with method of normalized gain. Each of the teachers gave both tests to experimental and control group. The results confirm the hypothesis that high school students who have completed experimental teaching of the topic of “The rainbow formation” understand optical phenomena better than students who did not pass this teaching.

44-52

Authors: Ana Vovk Korže

Learning Regions in Slovenia are in place for understanding sustainable development at local and regional level. In recent years, municipalities and various organizations have established over Slovenia at the different settings that need to connect to a joint bid. The school is growing experiential education and increase the usefulness of the knowledge in practice. New challenges in education are emphasized by the European Commission, which encourages Member States to responsibly carry out the educational process. The emphasis is on broad capabilities that open the door to different activities. More attention should be paid to the intergenerational cooperation, where in addition to the practice education and responsibility is also imparted.

8-16

Authors: Vincentas Lamanauskas, Violeta Šlekienė, Loreta Ragulienė

Usage of social networking websites is getting more intensive. This is determined by various reasons. However, ICT rapid spread is one of the most determining factors, firstly. New technologies provide various possibilities. Speaking about social networking websites, it is worth to emphasize their diversifiable possibilities. The functionality of social networking websites is increasing, diversifying and this in its own way opens different possibilities for the consumers, also serves as a factor encouraging the usage of social networking sites. It is especially important to understand the essential motives of using social networking websites, to analyze their probable advantages and disadvantages. Educational research was carried out in 2012, in which participated 918 university study 1st–4th course students. Using open questions, qualitative analysis of the obtained data was carried out. Students like SN websites because in them there is a possibility to communicate with acquaintances, with friends and relatives living abroad, to get acquainted with various people not only from Lithuania but also from the whole world, to find useful, suitable information, to share it with the other participants of the portal, have entertainment, i.e. play games, listen to music, look through the photos and so on. SN websites is a joyful way of spending time. To create SN website personal profile(s) was encouraged by friends, relatives, especially those living abroad, the desire to find out how everything is going on, the wish to broaden one’s outlook, not to stay behind the others, to follow the novelties. The creation of the profile was also determined by the possibility to get in touch with somebody very quickly, easy and visual communication with portal participants, the wish to make acquaintances and show oneself, also different games. Students point out the following SN website advantages: the possibility to communica-te with many people at one time, to get in touch with the people seen long ago also with the friends and relatives living abroad, the possibility to find proper information and share it, self-realization possibility, because one can freely express ideas, improve English language know-ledge and virtual communication abilities, there is a possibility to find friends and new acqu-aintances. Respondents notice SN website disadvantages too, such as information publicity, lack of privacy, insecurity of presented data, possible lies, deceptions, there is a lot of inaccurate information, a possibility arises to get acquainted with bad people. The participation in SN websites takes a lot of time and this already hinders concentration to studies. Immoderate SN website visit not only increases addiction, but also distracts from real life communication. The communication abilities in real life diminish, it leads to alienation. It is noticed, that unsuitable information for children, teenagers might be found in SN websites which makes the youth dumb and doesn’t encourage improvement. It is noted, that long sitting at the computer is harmful for health and negatively affects general condition of a person.

27-34

Authors: Laima Railienė

Nowadays school training process faces different changes. This changing is influenced by various factors: economical, political, social, people’s life changes and others. Teaching contents must give students some certain knowledge and competence in the lessons. One of the most successful lesson’s aspects is suitable teaching style’s and method’s use. There are lots of teaching strategies which helps students to achieve higher results if compared with usual teaching methods. It is necessary to choose the method which could be most useful. It is important for students to acquire subject and common competences in geography lessons. Every lesson, geography as well has got some certain specifics and structure. It depends on the lesson’s topic, aim and resources. Student’s preparation for work and motivation are of great importance too. The article introduces geography lesson in 6th form when students work individually and in groups.

41-60

Authors: Sergey Teleshov

History school textbook on chemistry in the Russian Empire beginning in the first half of the 19th century. Which textbooks in chemistry were the first? Who were their authors? What do You know about first stable tutorials in 1930-ies? All of this is briefly reflected in proposed to Your attention. You will learn about the first criteria that guided the first authors of textbooks in 1803 and 1840 уу. You can read also about the pedagogical censorship, which appeared in 1869. Finally, You will be offered to current approaches to assessing the quality of the texts. The first formulation of this issue was started in the last decades of the 20th century. The author presents a comparative description of modern Russian textbooks, performed on the basis of the proposed criteria. Any teacher can evaluate themselves in accordance with these views and, on that basis, selective tutoring for his school. Seemingly has everything You need to create the ideal textbook, but it has not yet been established. At the same time in education appeared e-learning tools, including e-learning textbook. In addition to traditional types of information - text, tables, pictures etc. - electronic textbooks may use and new – speech, music, movie videos, animations and other colored. It is possible to use multiple document, presenting system information, hypertext links. Now, authors and consumers will face two challenges: the quality of these tests and their correlation with classical, i.e. paper. Thus arises the question of creation of ergonomic tutorial of the twenty-first century. All of these issues are also being addressed in the proposed below.