SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE & ENGLISH LANGUAGE

4211-4216

Authors: N. Kishore

An attempt was made in the present investigation to study the influence of stress and depression on mental health in a sample of 120 aged men and women in the age group of 60-70 years, living in rural areas of Chittoor District of A.P. Data were collected by using stress inventory (Bratly and Jones, 1989), depression scale (Shamim Karim and Rama Tiwari., 1986) and mental health inventory (Jagadish and Srivastava., 1983). A 2X2 factorial design was employed. ANOVA was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study revealed that stress and depression have significant influence on mental health.

4222-4230

Authors: Mrs Neelima Narayan Tikhe

IN MARATHI

4240-4248

Authors: Pooja Sharma & Vishal Sood

The present task was undertaken to construct and standardize test for measuring cognitive abilities of elementary school students. For this, data were collected from elementary school students by adopting multistage sampling along with incidental sampling technique. An item pool was created initially by consulting various sources and theoretical and empirical literature availablein concerned area. This item pool was put to evaluation and criticism by technical as well as language experts. The preliminary draft of cognitive abilities test was further subjected to item analysis to select only those items which were having average difficulty and possessed adequate validity. The reliability of test was established with the help of test-retest and split-half methods which were found to be appreciably high. The validity of cognitive abilities test was ascertained and norms were established for interpretation of obtained scores on the test. In the last, conclusions have been presented and applicability of cognitive abilities test have been discussed.

4256-4263

Authors: Londhe G. D., Bhambare A. R. & Shri. Zavare A.J

NO ABSTRACT

4268-4275

Authors: P. Jayachandran

The aim of the research study is to analyze the mental health and Peer relationof Higher secondary school students. Survey method is employed for collecting the data from 300 samples from six different higher secondary schools by adopting stratified random sampling technique. The major objectives of the study include, to analyze the level of mental health among Higher secondary school students, to assess the level of Peer relationamong Higher secondary school students, to find out the mental health among Higher secondary school students based on, gender, type of school, to find out the Peer relationamong Higher secondary school students based on, type of management, type of school, Location of the school. The study reveals the following findings, the level of mental health among Higher secondary school studentsis high, the level of Peer relationamong Higher secondary school students is moderate in nature, and thereis significant difference of mental health among Higher secondary school students based on gender, type of school. There is significant difference of Peer relationamong Higher secondary school students based on type of management, type of school, Location of school.

5898-5902

Authors: Preeti Singh

Rajasthan is basically a Hindi speaking state, in government offices and schools Hindi is main language, very few people use written and spoken form of English. Those who use English are not efficiently using it. Therefore it is an urgent requirement to study status of English pronunciation and also to suggest strategies for improving English standard (Pronunciation) in government schools of Rajasthan, here people speaks many languages and dialects. So, the correct pronunciation of the words is a major problem in teaching second language because the pronunciation is greatly influenced by the regional language and dialect. The sounds of words which are not used in the mother tongue, is difficult to pronounce correctly. The teacher should provide appropriate situation and opportunities to the students by imitating the words, by using lingua phone and language laboratory, drill technique in classroom the skill of correct pronunciation can be developed among the students. This paper will suggest various strategies for correct pronunciation of words in government schools of Rajasthan. Although the content given is of basic nature but should necessary be taken seriously by them. In order to improve correct pronunciation and their by help in upbringing the standard of English language in government schools of Rajasthan. The faculty of speech is a natural gift. Education plays an important role to polish and improve the speech in our schools. It provides various opportunities to its natural development. So the teacher is an ideal model before the students. Therefore an English teacher should be more careful to his own pronunciation for lying down the correct speech habits of his students.

5911-5917

Authors: P. Muthusamy

In recent times, students of professional courses create many problems during the class hours and the freedom of teacher rights are curtailed. They could not work efficiently and effectively. Due to the above reason, teacher could not bring out any behaviour modification among the students. This short of behaviour hamper the classroom teaching-learning process and at the same time it may affect the behaviour of teachers inside the Classroom. Not only that, the teachers cannot perform their work effectively and efficiently. At present, most of the higher Educational Institutions are not properly following criteria for admitting the students, because they want to enroll students. In this juncture, students coming from different culture create unnecessary problems in the classroom and that may affect teachers teaching efficiency as well as academic development. The Disruptive behaviour and its causes and remedies must be discussed in the B.Ed curriculum. So that student teachers will come to know the nature of the behaviour and rectify the same among students and Teachers work efficiency will be used absolutely for students’s progress. Students will also come to know which one is Right behaviour and wrong behaviour. Through this process students will learn value based behaviour and create a congenial atmosphere in the class and Institution.

5926-5930

Authors: Preeti Singh

A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is system of communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gesture, signs or marks. Rajasthan is basically a Hindi speaking state, in government offices and schools Hindi is main language, very few people use written and spoken form of English. Those who use English are not efficiently using it. Therefore it is an urgent requirement to study status of English pronunciation and also to suggest strategies for improving English standard (Pronunciation) in government schools of Rajasthan, here people speaks many languages and dialects. So, the correct pronunciation of the words is a major problem in teaching second language because the pronunciation is greatly influenced by the regional language and dialect. The sounds of words which are not used in the mother tongue, is difficult to pronounce correctly. The teacher should provide appropriate situation and opportunities to the students by imitating the words, by using lingua phone and language laboratory, drill techniques in classroom the skill of correct pronunciation can be developed among the students. This paper reflects the prevailing condition and status of English pronunciation in government schools of Rajasthan.

5937-5941

Authors: Manish Kumar Maurya

Nowadays, Organizations especially the start-ups concentrate so much in adding values to the product and services that it hardly adds value to their own employees. Mass layoffs and shutting down businesses are few examples of that. This paper attempts to increase an understanding of a different approach towards entrepreneurship. It basically takes into account the roles venture capital financing play in supporting entrepreneurial activity and an alternative to it by introducing the concept of grafting entrepreneurship and its implications.

5955-5967

Authors: Amit Kumar Tripathi & Mohmad Ehsan

NO ABSTRACT

5972-5979

Authors: Ramesh M

It is important that science is highly creative and dynamic in nature by which man can attempt to search of knowledge. Many sources to know about science but teachers are one of the main source. Teaching of science is one of the effective way to make the students to understand the scientific concepts and skills. Inculcation of scientific concepts and process skills among students are equally important. National policies and curriculum recommended that the emphasis should be more on process skills than products. It is very important to develop process skills, classification is one of the process skill very essential to develop among students but unfortunately teachers in school giving less importance to develop skill. Hence the present study is an attempt to know prevailing status of students’ classification skill in one of the school.

5986-5991

Authors: Sangeeta Aggarwal & Miss Vrinda Aggarwal

Digitization of resources is need of the day. In various means like space saving, for distance learning, to keep archive and manuscripts to make available to users. Digitization is a process where proper infrastructure is required and many prerequisite has to be fulfilled. In this paper, issues and challenges during digitization and after have been discussed. n

5999-6004

Authors: Hanae Errhouni

An occupational health and safety program is a specific action plan to prevent occupational accidents and diseases. Since companies are all different, a program designed for one is not necessarily appropriate for the others. This document summarizes the main elements of an occupational health and safety program. This should help small and medium-sized enterprises to formulate a program tailored to their particular needs.

6022-6033

Authors: Sashi Bhushan

This paper analyses how the issues of the politics of controversy, vigilantism and academic censorship are dealt in Githa Hariharan‟s „In Times of Siege‟. In the novel, Hariharan puts the narrative of Basava in centre and implicitly refer to the fissures found in historiography and mythical narratives of India. Covering the two month of troubled times in the life of Prof. Shivmurthy, she speaks of the academic freedom in India that has often been subjected to ordeal due to certain controversial calls for censorship by diverse political, social, religious and ethnic fundamentalist organizations and communities. Given the opportunism and aggressiveness on the part of fundamentalist forces in such a situation, the creative and academic space becomes a kind of battlefield where history, art and culture are to be contested in an over-zealous fashion. „In Times of Siege‟ exposes how politics of ideology has always been a potent way mobilizing un-official historical and mythical discourse and narratives prevalent in the modern day India. Political overtones of the book become evident when we find a conscientious professor pitted against the ruthless forces of bigotry, communalism, fanaticism and narrow-mindedness embodied by the group Ithihas Suraksha Manch. Their demand of the subtraction of Prof. Shiv‟s lesson on Basava shows how the forces of such kind aim at creating uproar by endorsing the fabricated hurt to their religious and cultural assumptions. They desire hegemony for having the remote control of the historical imagination of academic institutions to sanction a culturally-controlled version of history and myths in national curriculum.

6043-6055

Authors: Omprakash & Seema Dhawan

IN MARATHI

6072-6076

Authors: M. Maruthavanan

This study investigated the influence of personality on the class room management of IXth standard students in Madurai district. Psychoanalysts believe man’s behaviour is triggered mostly by powerful hidden forces within the personality. Sigmund Freud, an Australian physician was the originator of this theory in the early nineties He says much of people’s everyday behaviour is motivated by unconscious forces about which they know little. In order to fully understand personality then one need to illuminate and expose what is in the unconscious. Class room management is very important task in the teaching learning process. Without class room management skill teaching skill has made no effect in the class room. In the study the researcher take IX standard students in Madurai district. In this study researcher proved the above statement. He Proved that the classroom management is directly related with the personality. Keywords: Personlaity, classroom management, Students, Madurai

6086-6091

Authors: Aasha Yadav & Praveen

IN MARATHI

6100-6107

Authors: Khagendra Sethi & Tithi Ray

NO ABSTRACT

6115-6118

Authors: Bharati G Dhokrat

The present study was conducted to find out the effect of specific yogic exercise program of short duration on positive mental health of school boys suffering from postural deformities. This study was conducted on 58 school boys studying in B.M.C. School Kurlasuffering from various postural deformities. Junior Positive mental health inventory prepared by Agashe and Helode (2009) was used as psychological instrument in the present study. The result reveals statistically significant beneficial effect of three months yoga program on positive mental health of school boys suffering from various postural deformities. It was concluded that yoga may be used as alternative therapy to enhance positive mental health of school boys suffering from postural deformities.

6133-6138

Authors: Lalit Kumar & Kavita Batra

ICT revolution has influenced almost every aspect of public life including education. Educational systems around the world are under increasing pressure to use the new Information and Communication Technology to teach students the knowledge and skills they need in the 21st century. Teacher education curricula in developing countries need a revamp to incorporate IT/ICT for effective technology infusion into classrooms. Teachers in India need to be prepared for imparting the new age education, and hence teacher education program in India should integrate ICT component in such a way that teachers are enabled to face the new demands in the profession. ICT Recommendations are made for effective technology infusion in developing countries in spite of prevalent handicaps. It implies a shift in the teachers’ role from being the sole source of knowledge and instruction to being a facilitator of students’ learning that is acquired from many sources.

6145-6151

Authors: Mrs. Amrapali Amit Dumbre & Devanand V. Shinde

Parenting is a skill that gets developed over the period of time. Parenting a child with learning difficulties is the challenge. Inspite of having normal intelligence still the child is unable to cope up with the normal academic curriculum. The child with learning difficulties when find it difficult to cope up with the classroom activities may get distracted or disinterested in the studies. Parents’ role in this process is important and they need to be real guide and motivator for their child.

6162-6165

Authors: Jagdish Rathod

Stress situations such as study tight deadlines or important social obligations. Of fen makes nervous or fearful. In high school students they facing educational and social problems. This period is already growth & development period at this time so many body changes occurs in the students body. Individuals with anxiety disorder experience excessive anxiety. Fear as worry, causing them either to anode situations. The result of survey on the basis of anxiety disorder in high school students. Is very high in ahmednagar tarakpur in some area. They need special treatments for educational development.

6172-6177

Authors: Dharmendra Kumar Kumawat1 & Deepak Kumar2

In India drug abuse is big problem it creates branches of problems like poverty, unemployment, irresponsibility towards family. If we are trying to discuss about any problem, we are getting two things in our mind usually those are causes and its solution. This study is a study on drug abuse in Indian perspective so this study is an attempt to discuss the causes and solution of the problem of drug abuse. Causes of drug abuse can be categorized in three ways social, economic and mental causes. At present we have various laws to prevent drug abuse but there is lack of implementation and lacunae in it. Social responsibility is also important to curb the problem of drug abuse, this study is an attempt to suggest social as well as legal responsibilities to curb it. This paper is focusing on the problem of drug abuse and analyse the existing law related to curb the problem of drug abuse in India. It is an evaluation on policies of government relating to supply of drugs and its proper inspection. This study is an attempt to provide suggestions to curb the problem of drug abuse. This study is trying to assist to central and state government for counselling, identification, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts.

6181-6187

Authors: Vini Sebastian

Teaching is a multifarious activity and teachers have multiple roles to play. They are interacting with animate and inanimate aspects of the teaching –learning process. The effectiveness of teachinglearning depends on the extent to which the teacher has put in her efforts. The teaching profession today faces a number of challenges be it – different kinds of students, over burdened curriculum, over demanding parents, over powering technology, extensive evaluation and lack of infrastructural facilities. Under these circumstances the teacher needs to deliver her goods effectively and efficiently. What would be the mental health of the teacher? The study explores the mental health of few selected teachers and assesses the overall mental health using the MHI-38. The study will throw light on the importance of mental health equally as physical health and also helps to understand how to use the MHI-38 to assess the mental health of teachers.

6303-6308

Authors: Inderjeet Pal Kaur

This investigation was aimed to study the mental health levels among special education school teachers and its relation to their sex. Here, a sample of 120 special education school teachers (60 males and 60 females) was selected from 15 special schools of Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan states through simple random, purposive, convenience and cluster sampling methods. The survey questionnaire ‘Mental Health Inventory’by Dr. A.K. Shrivastava and Dr. Jagdish (1981) was used for measuring levels of mental health among special education school teachers. Percentage analysis, ttest were employed for data analysis. Mental health levels of most of special school teachers (i.e. 82.50%) were found either average or near average. A little percentage was found to at either very good (7.50%) or very poor (10.00%) levels of mental health. Besides, a significance of difference between mean MHI scores of male and female special education school teachers (t= 3.72, which is significant at 0.01 level of significance) was found. Higher mean MHI score (138.20) for female special education school teachers than their male counterparts (129.15) indicated that the female special education school teachers were enjoying better mental health than the male teachers.

6320-6322

Authors: Jagdish B. Rathod

The expectation is a tendency which is of enervated by one individual towards another individual it is a mantel state of man in which he believed strongly to occur some behavior ministration and change by him self. The educational system becomes more perfect through researched concept of student centered education in a most revolution any change in the field the expectations and satisfaction of D.El.Ed student is depends on the following points that is the teacher behavior teaching process curriculum school The Positives of communication between teacher and student is based on relationship between them and relationship depends on the satisfaction or fulfillment of expectation.

6328-6332

Authors: K. B. Patil

NO ABSTRACT

6338-6365

Authors: Sukhpreet Singh & Ravinder Kaur

Following the paradigm of inclusive growth the government of India always tries to respond to various socio-economic and developmental issues of the minorities. It would be more relevant to investigate how different communities respond to different social development impulse and where they stand in terms of literacy. It‟s also very interesting to notice in terms of literacy, how religious minorities behave in relation to religious majority community, Hindus. This present paper in a similar vein purports to examine the spatial patterns of literacy across various religious minorities in India, by adopting the district as a unit of study and using the latest Census data of 2011. The Muslims being traditional and socially backwardness recorded lowest literacy among all the religious groups than their literacy and there is much scope in Muslims to improve their literacy. It also put on view that when all religious minorities forms single unit and remained in minority then their literacy recorded higher than the majority community Hindus.

6375-6383

Authors: Smt. Sushmita Patro

Although there is widespread support for inclusion at a philosophical level, there are some concerns that the policy of inclusion is difficult to implement because teachers are not sufficiently well prepared and supported to work in inclusive ways. Inclusion requires teachers to accept the responsibility for creating schools in which all children can learn and feel they belong. In this task, teachers are crucial because of the central role they play in promoting participation and reducing underachievement, particularly with children who might be perceived as having difficulties in learning. The paper throws light on the definition of inclusion, rationale and rights, need for a systematic approach for identifying excluded groups, Key elements in the shift towards inclusion – Resource & Recourse as well as the lens for inclusion.

6388-6393

Authors: Smt. Sushmita Patro & Swarnalata Harichandan

NO ABSTRACT

4825-4831

Authors: Brintha. S & K. S. Ramakrishnan

The present study aims to analyze the acceptance of social media among B.Ed., teacher trainees. Social media plays a significant role among learners community. The educational institutions have to take rapid initiates to inculcate the social media application among students. Normative survey method has been employed to collect the data from 320 B.Ed., teacher trainees by adopting random sampling technique. The main objective of the study is to analyse the level of acceptance of social media usage among B.Ed., teacher trainees, to find out the significant difference in the social media acceptance based on gender, medium of instruction, optional subject. The findings of the study reveal that the level of social media acceptance is moderate in nature. There is a significant difference in the social media acceptance based on gender, medium of instruction and optional subject.

4832-4849

Authors: Shri. Jay Shankar Sharma

NO ABSTRACT

4856-4868

Authors: Shefali Pandya

The present study is aimed at ascertaining the combined effect of students’ conceptions of mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy and student engagement in mathematics on their academic achievement in mathematics among traditional classroom and co-operative learning approach. The study adopted the quasi-experimental approach on 159 students of standard IX studying in English medium schools. It was found that (a) The contribution of conception of mathematics to academic achievement in mathematics is the lowest followed by mathematics self-efficacy and student engagement in that order in both control and experimental groups (b) The contribution of conceptions of mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy and student engagement to academic achievement in mathematics is lower in the control group as compared to that in the experimental group, (c) The contribution of mathematics self-efficacy and student engagement to academic achievement in mathematics has doubled in the experimental group as compared to the control group, (d) The effect of conceptions of mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy and student engagement in mathematics on their academic achievement in the experimental group is large and in the control group is medium and (e) Co-operative learning group enhances the effect of conceptions of mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy and student engagement on the academic achievement of students in mathematics.

4878-4884

Authors: Anil Kumar Agnihotri

A quality education is one that focuses on the whole child - the social, emotional, mental, physical, and cognitive development of each student regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or geographic location. It prepares the child for life, not just for testing. It is believed that education leads to empowerment: a process of strengthening individuals, organisations and communities so they get more control over their own situations and environments. Quality education is a crucial factor in combating poverty and inequality in society. Teachers are at the heart of quality education. Schools should have a sufficient number of trained teachers, receiving good quality pre-service and in-service training with built-in components on gender sensitivity, non-discrimination, and human rights. All teachers should be paid domestically competitive salaries. Quality determines how much and how well children learn and the extent to which their education translates into a range of personal, social and developmental benefits. It is the teaching and learning process that brings the curriculum to life, which determines what, happens in the classroom and subsequently the quality of the learning outcomes.

4897-4910

Authors: Daman Majhi & Rasmi Ranjan Puhan

The aim of the present study is to explore the current impact of education and modern technology on the ongoing changing pattern of occupation and livelihood of Santals resides in Jamda block of Mayurbhanj district in Odisha, in the same time the researcher tried to explore the current change of their educational scenario in tribal areas of the particular sample area. To gain an in-depth understanding of the topic, descriptive survey type of research design employed with 50 households from Jamda block were divided into two groups i.e. 25 female and 25 male households. Two groups were interviewed with one set of schedule to study their perception regarding their changing pattern of education current livelihoods. To justify the title of the topic we framed two objectives along with same number of research questions. The findings of the study were that: For improving the livelihood condition of the tribals, there is need to first improve the production and productivity of their agriculture –both settled and shifting. This can be done by providing them with improved agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agricultural implements and improvement in agrarian technology and practices. Their income can also be increased by restoration of the land alienated from them and by increasing the productivity of forests by plantation of degraded forest, facilitating the tribes in collection of such products and by ensuring them a proper return for such product by organizing their marketing.

4919-4928

Authors: V. S. Dhekale

The information and technology has influenced all the aspects of human life. Education is not an exception to the technology and information. Communication is an important aspect in the teaching and learning process. Information systems are important and they redefine the way of different organizations. . The ICT provide innovative learning opportunities and provides for valuable advancement in research. There is need to spread the education to every corner of the nation quickly and effectively. Therefore, it essential to have ICT enabled teaching higher education. ICT in education requires infracture, skilled teachers, full use of ICT devices, and maintenance of such devices. The present study covered the aspects ICT and based on data collected from the sampled institutions and population with the help of statistical tools conclusions were drawn. ICT enabled teaching require ICT infracture, IC T Coordinator, and teachers with ICT skills and knowledge.

4942-4947

Authors: Shriram S. Nikam

The concept of nationalism known as modern one carried out multiple aspects. Initially in Europe it has organized an absolute political power on secular line, subsequently it stabilized in secular democratic way of life. However, Hegel provided the concept as an organic structure of nationalism under the supreme control of state which subsequently turned into Fascism. The same Hegelian concept of nationalism was organized by the Hindu nationalists particularly Golwalkar of RSS in Indian context. His compact theory of Hindu nationalism by favoring caste and Verna, condemned an individual under the clutches of social and state slavery.

4953-4973

Authors: Manpreet Kaur Rajpal

The term Venture Capital comprises of two words that is, “Venture” and “Capital”. Venture is a course of processing, the outcome of which is uncertain but to which is attended the risk or danger of “loss”. “Capital” means recourses to start an enterprise. To connote the risk and adventure of such a fund, the generic name Venture Capital was coined. My Research paper throws light on the plight of Venture Capital in India. The main object of the researcher is to find out the Venture Capital investment volume in India. Further to study the problems faced by the Venture Capitalist as well as the future prospects of Venture Capital financing. To achieve the set objects I have used various methods of Data Analysis and has put forward very lucid and meticulous conclusion along with required suggestions.

4979-4986

Authors: Prof. Jitender Kumar & Ms. Asha

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between academic achievement and locus of control of senior secondary school students of Haryana. The participants were 404 senior secondary school students studying in private CBSE schools in Haryana who were identified by stratified random sampling technique. In the present study, final examination scores of 10th Class CBSE Examination had been taken as indicator of Academic achievement. Locus of control scale (LCS) by Hasnain and Joshi (1992) was used in the study. The Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship between Academic Achievement and Locus of Control of male and female senior secondary school students. A significant positive relationship was also found between Academic Achievement and Internal Locus of Control of senior secondary school Students. No significant relationship was found between Academic Achievement and External Locus of Control of senior secondary school students. There is a significant difference between Academic Achievement of senior secondary school students having Internal and External Locus of Control.

4994-4998

Authors: Gautam Kumar Jha

NA

5005-5010

Authors: Aparna Ajith

Translation studies have become the need of the hour and its development will take place as programmes in world literature expand and the vital role of translation in the propagation of world literature will continue to be highlighted. The etymology of the word „translation‟ suggests that meaning is picked up bodily from one culture, transported across a frontier, expresses it across the chasm which separates a language from the other and deposited unaltered on the other side. Edward Sapir has rightly said that different languages represent different world views, that it is not simply a question of rephrasing when one moves into another language. The paper will begin by evaluating the Sahitya Academy award winning novel Chemmeen of the Jnanpith winner and Malayalam literary stalwart Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai with a kaleidoscopic view of linguistic provenances. Languages develop over time and words accrue significance. The main challenge faced by the translators is how far they are able to convey the same meaning without causing any damage to the subtle linguistic nuances and cultural flavor to a target language. The intended study likes to throw light upon the role of translation in the field of comparative literature and how it enables us to “read between the lines”. Albeit the medium of expression remains same in translation, it undergoes a tremendous change vis- a -vis contexts when there arises the need of precision, elaboration, addition of facts for the clarity of facts, etc. in a target language from the source language.

5046-5055

Authors: Sushim Kumar Biswas

Socio-economic status (SES) is a multidimensional term. Today SES is deemed to be a hyper - dimensional latent variable that is difficult to elicit. Socioeconomic status is a latent variable in the sense that, like mood or well -being, it cannot be directly measured (Oakes & Rossi, 2003) and it is, some-what, associated with normative science. Finally, it converges to the notion that the definition of SES revolves around the issue of quantifying social inequality. However, it poses a serious problem for the researcher to measure the socio-economic status of migrant workers for short duration during the course of the year. Even in the absence of a coherent national policy on internal migration, millions of Indians are migrating from one destination to another with different durations (Chandrasekhar, 2017). The Andaman & Nicobar Islands(ANI) is no exception and a large number of in-migration is taking place throughout the year. Towards this direction, an attempt has been made to examine the socio-economic profile of migrant Muslim workers who have come to these Islands from West Bengal and Bihar in search of earning their livelihood. An intensive study has been conducted to assess their socio-economic well-being, literacy, income, health hazards, sanitation & medical facilities, family size, indebtedness, acculturation, social status, etc. This study reveals that their socio-economic profile in these Islands are downtrodden, nevertheless they are in a better state than their home town.

5066-5070

Authors: Ranbeer Kumar

Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel The Namesake is about self-awareness and discovery of one’s identity between the orthodox tradition of the east and independent lifestyle of the west. The narration is rich with ethnical subtext and reference, laid out in a coherent and crystal clear manner, depicting the events of Gogol’s life at an uninterrupted pace, over a period of about forty years. The novel depicts the life of Gogol Ganguli from birth until middle age, recording his battle to discover his own self as a secondgeneration immigrant. Gogol initially struggles with his unusual name and later with the traditions his parents assert on upholding.

5078-5086

Authors: Ravi Kant Tiwari

Politics of a text is couched in the particular language, form and style used in the text.The narrator at the beginning of the novelThe Gypsy Goddess claims that it is not a postmodernist novel. This paper will attempt to show how this novel fits into the definition of postmodernism. Diverse social issues are also dealt with in the analysis of the novel, where the major issue is the Kilvenmani Massacre of 1968. The heinous caste atrocities in a small village are the microscopic representations of the same at the national level. Besides, the rifts from the canonical Indian literary tradition and the emergence of Dalit Literature have also been focussed in this paper.

5094-5111

Authors: Mrs. Archana Vadeyar & Smita Phatak

The activities, that are planned for today’ s youth, need to be more experiential involving joyful interaction.As per review, youth want to spend their out-of-school time in activities, that engage their hearts, minds and bodies and to contribute to the work of the larger society and they also want to have fun.The purpose of this study is, to explore the concept of an experiential program of community interaction for youth and to evaluate it based on feedback from teachers, authorities and parents. A self-prepared and validated questionnaire was administered to a Purposive sample of 14 teachers, 5 authorities and 10 parents.Question-wise analysis was done and it was found that the program was valuable to the Institution. According to teachers, authorities and parents, the program was beneficial to youth and children as it gave joyful experiences and helped to inculcate values and sow seeds of responsibility in youth.

5125-5136

Authors: Sk Alamgir Badsha & Chandan Adhikary

Chunking cum acrostics technique based on letters and colours have been developed to assist the geography students of secondary schools to recall the names of all countries of the world spontaneously and accurately with minimum outlay of time and effort. Geography students thus need to be able to memorize the names of countries and continents correctly whenever necessary. This memorising strategy is especially helpful for the students of third world countries where the concept of digital class rooms are not well exercised. The effectiveness of the strategy was measured by administering it upon the students of class nine with respect to the conventional teaching method. It was also observed that the extent of retention of information is greater in case of study group rather than the control group those are not exposed to the treatment.

5149-5152

Authors: Mansi Aneja

The paper raises some pertinent questions in the selection and transaction of social science curriculum at the level of school. Who gets the opportunity to select the curriculum and the mechanisms through which it operates is being discussed with the help of observations of social science classes in a private school of Delhi. The observations yielded interesting insights into teachers’ authority and curriculum transaction in a classroom discourse.

5162-5169

Authors: Omprakash H.M.

NO ABSTRACT

5178-5180

Authors: Mohd Farooq Mirza

NO ABSTRACT

5188-5197

Authors: Samaresh Adak

This age of globalization also has great impact on education. Teacher education is the brain of all educational disciplines as it delivers education to train the prospective teachers. With the advent of globalization, there is a global paradigm shift in teacher education. The main purpose of this study was to explore the role played by National Curriculum Frameworks (NCF) in bringing paradigm shift in teacher education. The quality of teacher education depends on the way the curriculum is implemented in Teacher Education Institutions. In the past year it depends on professionally sound and relevant curriculum now this concept has been changed. This, in turn, depends on the skills of the faculty and its quality and the infrastructural and instructional facilities provided in the Institutions. The NCF Act confers upon the Council to make every effort for improving the techniques and different concept related to quality teacher preparation in the country and also to ensure planned and coordinated development of teacher education. This change is illustrated in the way in which curriculum is defined and technology is used. The distinct roles of teachers and learners are becoming increasingly blurred. Constructivism theory of learning which supports humans constructs meaning from current knowledge structures. Constructivism is relatively a new paradigm which exerts major theoretical influence on the present education system. Hence, there should be revitalization of whole Teacher Education programme, which must give real thrust on constructivism. Our role as teachers is to be a “guide on the side” instead of a “sage on the stage.” The result is a student learning how to learn and discovering knowledge with the coaching guidance of a teacher. The main paradigm changes in teacher education for which NCF has really taken several initiatives are: Learning without burden’, standard based curriculum, balance in theory and practice, shift from teacher to student centered delivery system, quality assurance and shift in assessment procedures, Integrated learning, All-round development, community based learner centric approach, Group discussion, experienced based learning, Examination reforms, Constructivist approach and dignity of the individual .This paper is an attempt to make a systematic analysis of the recent steps of NCF in professional preparation of teachers and its effectiveness towards a paradigm shift in Teacher Education in our country.

5218-5233

Authors: Rajeev Kaushal

It is no denying the fact that one‟s repertory and proficiency of syntactics and semantics is the index of one‟s personality and is the key to one‟s success in life. Language learning is an indispensable part of school curriculum. The 21st century better known as the Information Age is witnessing a paradigm shift in pedagogical practices. ICT and multimedia have touched every facet of life and education is also no exception to this as these are being effectively employed in transacting the curriculum to the pupils by means of smart classes, virtual classes, online learning etc. Although Technology enhanced language learning (TELL) is in vogue in the current scenario yet it is in a nascent phase in India. The present paper highlights the role of TELL on learning English as a second language (ESL) besides throwing light on the pace of its development and use in India.

5246-5250

Authors: Kiran Rani & Ashish Kumar Dhawan

Continuing professional development is crucial for every job and all the more so, for complex roles such as that of a teacher. The present scenario of our pre-service teacher-education is such that it leaves new teachers largely unprepared to play their roles, and they find themselves unable to cope with their situation, leading to poor educational outcomes for students. Consequently, a vicious spiral begins at the very beginning of the teacher’s career, demoralising her and sometimes leading to a situation of indifference and lack of interest in the profession. Given the prevailing situation, there is a need to look at various aspects related to the professional development of teachers. This paper is an attempt to explore and explain the utility of e-learning for ongoing professional development of teachers from the perspective of teachers themselves, based on their responses to semi-structured interviews about the feasibility of online courses for this purpose.

5255-5264

Authors: Sau. Khopde Smita Jayendra

NO ABSTRACT

3975-3979

Authors: Jacob V. John

no abstract

3987-3992

Authors: Ketan Laxman Kamble

Present article focuses primarily on biblical strategies to pursue peace. It describes meaning of peace according to Old and New Testament of Bible, facts about peace in Bible and finally ways to pursue peace mentioned in it. Meaning and philosophy behind peace in Old and New Testament is different but well correlated. Peace is proclaimed by God, it is fruit of spirit, it is imparted by Jesus, godly people live in peace but there is no peace to wicked, unity is product of peace and we have to take efforts to pursue peace. We receive peace only through Jesus Christ, His Holy Blood, trusting on Him, by interceding for others, by loving word of God i.e. Bible, surrendering ourselves to Holy Spirit, by righteousness, seeking wisdom and being steadfast in God.

4002-4005

Authors: Namrata Amit Sawant

The definition of peace for every human is different. Everyone looks or tries to find out peace from varied zones. In today’s world we can see lot of things happening around us which bring negative energy. Due to which person’s inner peace shatters and a person may inculcate some unfruitful desires to attain the lost peace. But among all this the most effected zone is observed as youngsters. They are the immediate responders to any negative change around them. It is the responsibility of the society to help the coming generation develop their positive outlook. The youngsters can be from any strata of the society facing different problems but it is the responsibility of the society to help them identify some positive suitable ways which would take them to the path of progress and they can easily live a strong, healthy and happy life. But for that the youngsters must share their thoughts openly with their family and also understand the other moral values taught by their parents

4019-4022

Authors: Prof. Sudama S. Bhandari

The soul is the supreme commander of peace which is known inner peace and the final destination of the life. The selfish world is in search of inner peace but to reach up to the inner peace there is need of Tapasya. Rishis and Maha rishis, pursuit inner peace. People wear different mask at different times. Some good and some bad in sake of satisfaction or peace. I don’t want you to stop wearing any one. I know it is too risky to expose your vulnerable self at times but I would definitely want you to unmask yourself. Why not for a short span get back to your origin strip, your emotions, feelings, thoughts and actions. And all could be possible through literature.There is need to discover and follow the inner peace. My question is how literature could be a part of inner peace. We know literature is the mirror of society. Literature could reach in the paradise, on the earth and in hell. Lord shiva got inner peace in the heaven, Ravana in the hell while lord Rama in the Prithvilok. All these stories highlighted through the literature. So literature plays very important role in search of inner peace.

4025-4029

Authors: Mrs. Swarnlata Soni

Inner peace , comes from nurturing emotional intelligence through the practice of mindfulness and meditation. This paper includes how a person can cultivate emotional intelligence through which an individual reach a state of inner peace, the essential foundation of happiness, success and compassion. Emotional upheaval affects productivity, effectiveness and self-image in both personal and professional life. Focus of this article is tackling emotional upsets by enhancing emotional intelligence.

4035-4042

Authors: Rajesh Kumar & Gaurav Rao

Since time immemorial, the educational process debatably involves a mediated communication between teachers and learners to add sense or meaning making for both the stakeholders. The diagrams and various illustrations are the meaningful resource to mediate the educational journey. Diagrams can break out of the linear and systemic nature of printed text to show non-linear and systemic feature. In Science teaching and learning process, the use of diagrams is more relevant to make the representations of complex systems. Presently the pedagogy of Science is becoming modified from Linguistic methods to a mixed-visual methods supplemented with new techniques. Diagrams and diagramming are features of teaching and learning practices both as a means of Instruction and as a means of training learners in the use of diagrams that are features of many working and practicing teachers. There is also seemingly important need to make diagrams accessible and meaningful to students, quite contrary to the mechanical manner in which it is perceived and used by them. This paper discusses the Diagrams and their relevance in Science teaching and learning since they have different purposes and are required for understanding and communication.

4054-4058

Authors: C. Jeba Evangeline

Researchers suggested that students with good metacognitive skills will be able to learn effectively. Thus, promoting metacognitive development in the classroom will help students to become efficient learners. This paper is an attempt to examine the effect of metacognitive skills on performance of students in the classroom. Many researchers believe that metacognitive skills holds great deal of promise for helping students do better. Metacognition becomes essential when tasks are more challenging. Researchers found that metacognitive ability tends to associate positively with academic attainment of high school pupils. By practicing and applying metacognitive skills, students will become good readers, capable of handling any text across a curriculum. There is a lack of attention to this aspect by teachers in the classroom. Hence, the effort should be geared to encourage teachers to consider the 'metacognitive reflection' activities in the classroom.

4068-4078

Authors: Sapna Sen & Vishal Sood

All the teachers have the ability to teach but what is more important is the belief in their ability to teach. The present research study was undertaken to investigate self-efficacy of secondary school teachers and how it is influenced by gender, teaching experience and change proneness. Descriptive survey method was employed for the present investigation. Incidental sampling technique was used to select the sample of 1048 teachers from eight districts of Himachal Pradesh. Change Proneness Inventory by Dr. M. Mukhopadhhyay (2012)and self-developed teacher self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and two way analysis of variance. It was revealed that the male teachers were more self-efficacious as compared to female secondary school teachers. Change proneness was found to be a significant variable in influencing self-efficacy of secondary school teachers in a positive manner. None of the interactional effects was found to be significant

4090-4095

Authors: Tukaram S. Sawant

The present article attempts to explore the intricate nature of marital relationships in Deshpande’s novel, Strangers to Ourselves. Shashi Deshpande, the author of ten novels, two novellas, four books for children and a large number of short stories, has been writing about issues and problems of middle-class Indian women caught in the trap of Indian patriarchy. She has a comprehensive understanding of the grass-root reality and women’s place and position, sorrows and sufferings, plight and predicament, pain and agony in a male-centric Indian society. Her women protagonists, by and large, find themselves to be the victims of unjust customs, conventions and traditions which are in favour of men. Unable to bear restrictions and compulsions imposed on them in the name of genderdiscrimination in their parental homes, they use marriage as an escape route, but unfortunately, in most cases, marriage becomes a trap for them. They are humiliated, tortured and exploited in one way or the other. They face physical violence in the form of unwanted marital-sex, almost a rape and mental torture. Her novels move around marital relationships which are marred by the evils such as male pride, ego and domination, patriarchal attitude to women, lack of understanding and communication.

4100-4106

Authors: Vaishali Kulkarni

English is one of the most spoken languages worldwide and is widely used as official communication language. It is equally important and an integral part of educational system. It is a window to the world. It is an effective instrument for acquisition of knowledge, for communication, personal development and national development. Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use language to express our inner thoughts and emotions. If we are not able to communicate in proper language we will not be able to convey our thoughts effectively. Special efforts at school level itself are required on the part of teacher and learner for acquiring skills for language proficiency. So a teacher should be aware about the needs of the learners, objectives of the course and different ways of analysing language. Teacher should be aware of the latest teaching methodology, approaches and techniques for teaching language effectively. The latest trend is based on the premise that learning needs to be connected to the lives of the students through relevant tasks that focus on student’s ability to use their knowledge and skills in meaningful ways. A skill is a tact, expertness and dexterity. It is a practised ability. It implies facility, ease, smoothness and accuracy in an action or in doing or to do something. This part of the research paper mentions the five language skills. They are the abilities and tacts. They are essential for learning the English language and for using the language for various purposes. These skills should develop accuracy, ease and facility in using the language. There are four basic skills in English language. They are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The fifth skill which is included is ‘interacting’ which is very important and essential for better communication. This paper highlights four basic skills in English language, its meaning and activities to be conducted to develop these skills.

4112-4120

Authors: G. Varalaxmi

A study is conducted on political attitudes of secondary grade school teachers of government and privately managed schools in Ranga Reddy district. For the present study a sample of 150 teachers is taken. Among them 75 teachers are from government i.e. Zilla Parishad High School teachers and 75 teachers are from privately managed schools.. The study revealed that there is no significant difference among secondary grade school teachers of Ranga Reddy district belonging to government and private managements in the political attitudes

4132-4137

Authors: Prof. Tushar Panke

Photographic- visual communication research is methods both written and verbal has long dominated the communication research; a new range of non-textual strategies is gradually emerging as an alternative and highly versatile way of knowing. Distinctively, participatory visual communications, like drawing, photography, and video, hold the aesthetics of painting which directly impact on reality of world lives, while at the other hand empowering the researchers and capturing real world expressions. Through the process of visual conceptualization, and the reflective photographic communication of the images in the context of their construction, where I tried to out the subject are given an expressive channel to voice their inner stories of human communities, as well as active empowering stake in the research study, because of its playful nature and its lack of interdependence on linguistic proficiency, this research method is especially suitable for work with children and youth across a variety of cultural contexts. There are limited resources available for art researchers wishing to implement a photography curriculum that focus on social integrity. Since the camera is a highly effective communicative tool, photographic communication should be encouraged to communities their understanding and how to make better society through visual images. This research highlights whether it takes photography and its ability to change the visual conception, in which people view the world. The visual communication of photography research is based on contemporary and historical artists, organizations that have used photography to express social Humanities communication. The aim of this researches his to promote photography to administrators, supporters, local communities, and the students

4156-4164

Authors: Paromita Das

Life is based on one’s own philosophy and those which we follow from our great philosophers and educators to improve our society and education system. Scientific thinking gives answers to many questions but it cannot bring humanity in the minds of people. For this we should realize the needs of every individual and give our best efforts to lead a satisfactory life and face the practical situation with a positive outlook. The narrowness in our thinking should be transformed into creative thoughts along with the inspirations taken from the great philosophers so that the higher education becomes a right to all and everyone aspires for it. Also the facilities provided should be to make each one a better human being. The present paper has been produced by taking into consideration the trends existing in present higher education and the philosophical approaches that have been implemented with its impact on students. The ideas of students have been collected to find out the suitability of the components of the present higher education. This can bring about a revolution by bringing changes in the narrow and rigid thoughts existing since ages and providing better outputs in education to make society a peaceful dwelling place

4172-4178

Authors: Ajay Godara

Technology has become a huge part of everyday society’s life. When societies know more about the development in a technology, they become able to take advantage of it. When an innovation achieves a certain point after it has been presented and promoted, this technology becomes part of the society. Digital technology has entered each process and activity made by the social system. The effects of technology on the environment are both obvious and subtle. The more obvious effects include the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources such as petroleum, coal, ores, and the added pollution of air, water, and land. The more subtle effects include debates over long-term effects e.g., global warming, deforestation, natural habitat destruction, coastal wetland loss. So, an initiative was taken to inspire students for greening with technological advancements by two highly motivating projects: Nokia- Planet ke Rakhwale and Microsoft: Create to Inspire School Programmes. This article presents the overview of these two projects and students’ role in protecting our planet.

4190-4202

Authors: rajnish agrhari

in marathi

3328-3335

Authors: Anita Rani, Dr. Krishan Kant

Today, in this era of 21 Century, the world economy is experiencing an unprecedented change. New developments in science and technology, media revaluation and internationalization of education and the ever expanding competitive environment are revolutionizing the education scene. A paradigm shift has been noticed in higher education now a day, from 'national education' to 'global education', from 'one time education for a few' to 'lifelong education for all', from 'teacher- centric educations' to 'learner centric education'. These changes make new demands and pose fresh challenges to the established education systems and practices in the country.

3343-3348

Authors: Monika Gautam

Garrett James Hardin, an American ecologist was born on 21st April, 1915. He is well known for Hardin's First Law of Human Ecology: "You cannot do only one thing", which "modestly implies that there is at least one unwanted consequence". Hardin used the term ‘tragedy of the commons’ to describe a situation where individuals think of their own needs and interests without paying any attention to the fact that the others in the world may also have similar interests and needs. Individuals, driven by their self interest exploit the finite resources blindly leading ultimately to the collapse of the system, thereby bringing tragedy to the entire population. In this concept “commons” actually means all the natural and manmade resources that have to be shared between all the people of the planet earth. He believed that if individual or societies continuously use more and more resources, then whatever may be the reasons for this, at the end this will bring ‘tragedy’ to the ‘commons’. Another metaphor that Hardin used in 1974 was ‘Lifeboat Ethics’ for resource distribution. Hardin's metaphor describes a lifeboat in which 50 persons are present. There is possibility of 10 more persons getting on the boat. The lifeboat is in an ocean surrounded by a hundred swimmers. The "ethics" of the situation arises out from the dilemma whether (and under what circumstances) “swimmers” should be allowed to come onto the lifeboat. The lifeboat metaphor presents rich nations as individual lifeboats and the poor nations as the ‘swimmers’. Keywords: Tragedy of the Commons, Lifeboat Ethics, population, resources

3356-3360

Authors: Dr Mangal Singh

The present study is designed to explore the difference of degree of social competence among the school students of bathinda city. It is a comparative study between hosteler and day scholars. The sample is consisting of 200 school students ( 100 male students and 100 female students, further 100 students hostelers and 100 day-scholars ). The subjects were selected through simple random sampling technique. “Social Competence Scale ” by V.P. Sharma, Prabha Shukla and Kiran Shukla was used for assessing social competence of subjects under investigation.

3365-33

Authors: Sushma.R.

A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) is an undergraduate professional degree which prepares students for work as a teacher in schools, course offered for those interested in pursuing career in teaching. The B.Ed degree is mandatory for teaching in higher primary schools and high schools. The minimum qualification required for entry into B.Ed. course is Bachelor of Arts(B.A.), Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.). While students from arts stream are trained to teach subjects like history, civics, geography and languages. It was introduced to teach a person about teaching and the various aspects associated with teaching.

3383-3390

Authors: T. Sasidharan

Kudippaka : The word “ Kudippaka” denotes family feud ie, hatred between two families. In medieval days the atrocities or murder committed by any on the member of another family might lead to kudippaka between these families. In such cases the members belonging to a family who declared kudippaka against another family as a revenge for any serious reasons like murder had the right to eliminate not only the elder male members but also their children. This would continue on both sides as long as the Kudippaka between them existed. Kudippaka may be recalled that the politics of Kannur, unlike other parts of Kerala and even that of the neighbouring districts in Malabar, has a strong dose of violence in it. This violent clashes, at one time between the CPI(M) and Congress and now intermittently occurring between CPI(M) and BJP resulting in wanton killing of party workers on both sides, remain a standing testimony to this contention. Key Word : Kudippaka – Violence – Theyyam – Caste – Party Village

3401-3414

Authors: Neerja Gautam

Education is a core sector for achieving the objective of employment, human resourcedevelopment and bringing about much needed change in social environment, leading to overall progress through efficient use of resources. An appropriate education system cultivates knowledge, skill, positive attitude, awareness and sense of responsibility towards rights and duties and imparts inner strength to face oppression, humiliation and inequality. (Ninth Five Year Plan, 1997-2002) A person who is able to read and write with understanding in any language is recordedas literate. Literacy is the best possible barometer to judge the level of educational awakening in a state, leading to a minimum capacity for self-learning.

3434-3442

Authors: Jyoti Arora

In this technology driven age, every sector in the Indian economy is partly or completely affected by the world's most important invention of the modern times `Internet’. Income tax department is not an exception to it. Income Tax Department under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India is committed to provide world - class services to taxpayers in the country, making tax compliance easy and convenient for them. One of the initiatives of the Income Tax Department was the beginning of electronic filing (e - filing) of income tax returns (ITRs) to make the filing process easier for taxpayers as well as to reduce the time required for data entry on receipt of returns. E- Filing is a scheme for submitting tax documents to the Income tax department through the internet or direct connection, usually without the need to submit any paper documents. This paper deals with the benefits, process, trends & highlights (ITRs) of e-filing among the residents of the country.

3455-3474

Authors: Khalid Malik

This paper epitomises the struggle and the defeat of Humayun by the rising powers of India. The empire whose foundation was so arduously laid by Babur was nevertheless precarious and unstable in character. As soon as Humayun ascended the throne, he found himself surrounded by the difficulties on all sides in many ways. Babur had of course, defeated the Indian powers like the Rajputs, the Afghans etc., but he could not completely crush them. Babur could not do anything more than this short period of four years. In fact, the roots of Mughal dynasty had not yet gone deep into the Indian soil and were then, of course in firm. Muhammad Lodhi, Ibharim Lodhi’s brother, had regained power in Bihar and eastern provinces after his defeat in the Battle of Gogra. Another Afghan Sardar Sher Khan had also consolidated his position considerably. Of the Afghan Sardars he was the most capable and intelligent leader, who was engaged day and night in consolidating and organising all the scattered Afghan power. On the other side, Bhadur Shah who was a very courageous and ambitious ruler had considerably improved strength, and was eagerly engaged in his effort to obtain the Delhi throne. The Rajputs too, had begun to reorganise their power after their defeats in the battles of Khanwa and Chanderi. According to Lanepoole, “His (Humayun’s) name means fortunate and never was an unlucky sovereign so miscalled’’,As a matter of fact, the royal throne that he inherited from his father as his successor, was bed of throns and not that of roses. Keywords: Life, battles and events

3483-3492

Authors: Balbir singh Jamwal

In the present study, an attempt has been made to focus on the need to introduce value education in curricula. Growth of industrialization, Lust for power ,indiscipline , selfishness, materialistic attitude, social disorganization, bad Character, Violence, Corruption, advancement of Science and technology, injustice, Casteism, modernization , Lack of feeling of loyalty, lack of code and Conduct, Psychology movements and social sensitiveness are considered the major causative factors of degradation of human values. Everywhere is cry of value degradation. At present, India is passing through a period of value crisis in several fields of national life. It is generally being said that the life of individuals as well as our social life is plagued with the evil values. It is need of the hour to introduce value education in curricula at all levels of education. Value crisis may be over, If parents, develop sanskara in their children and teachers give practical shape to sanskara to their students and government provides concerned facilities to institutions. It is not hope only, but, full faith that this article would be very helpful for the educators, Philosophers, leaders, governments and parents to infuse the values among the students and members of the society and stop the degradation of human values and develop congenial environment for better living, even teaching, learning and evaluation.