SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE & ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2657-2670

Authors: Vijay Kumar

This study examines how gender and different college environm ents influence the job Satisfaction and Organizational Climate perceived by teacher educators. Job satisfaction scale (JSS) by Singh and Sharma & Organizational climate Scale (OCS) Pethe, Chaudhari and Dhar were given to 200 teacher educators working in ai ded and unaided colleges of education. From the results, it can be interpreted gender does not make any influence on the job satisfaction of teacher educators and in the perception of organizational climate. Secondly, the college type does not make any inf luence on the job satisfaction of teacher educators. Thirdly, teacher educators working in unaided colleges of education are having better relationships and they are more humane to each other and students as compared to their counterparts working in aided colleges. Fourthly , t he interaction between gender and college type together also do not make any influence on the perception of teacher educators about job satisfaction and organizational climate. Th e study implied for efforts for conducive relationships and humane environment in the aided institutions so that better environment can be created for teaching learning situations to flourish

2680-2686

Authors: Mr. Ajay Kumar

AIMS: To investigate the effects of Yoga on improving low back stability (threshold of stability, and mean tot al velocity of center of pressure), trunk strength (isometric strength in extension and flexion), and back endurance (isometric endurance in extension, flexion, and side laterals). Key Words: LBP (Low Back Pain) , CAM (Complementary Alternative Medicine) , TOS ( Threshold of Stability)

2692-2706

Authors: Sandhya Gihar & Kajal Sharma

Over many centuries, the issue of environmental preservation has been on the top of the agenda of global and international concerns as one of the most important issues at both the nat ional and international levels. As we look around at the area in which we live, we see that our surroundings were originally a natural landscape such as a forest, a river, a mountain, a desert, or a combination of these elements. Most of us live in landsca pes that have been heavily modified by human beings, in villages, towns or cities. But even those of us who live in cities get our food supply from surrounding villages and these in turn are dependent on natural landscapes such as forests, grasslands, rive rs, seashores, for resources such as water for agriculture, fuel, wood and fish. Thus our daily lives are linked with our surroundings and inevitably affects them. Because of this problem all living and Non – living things are affected and demolished day – by – day. So, it is the need of present scenario to create knowledge and Awareness about the e nvironment. As we know that childhood stage is the base of a human person. If our early stage is safe and perfect then our future will also automatically safe an d perfect. We never forget the things which we learn in our childhood stage. In this study investigators have made an attempt to study the knowledge and awareness about the Environment of Primary level students and also find out the effect of videos on the knowledge and awareness of students. The Environmental Knowledge and Awareness Scale (EKAS) was administered on 120 primary school students. Results indicate that videos play a significant role to enhance the environmental knowledge and awareness of prima ry school students

2713-2718

Authors: Girija N Srinivasalu

Quality concern in school education is one of the major priorities, if quality education is the goal, it can not be achieved without the sincere efforts of teachers. There is sea change in the mode of teacher Education process. The vibrant reorientation is taking place in the area of curriculum construction, pedagogy and evaluation processes of teacher education. To meet the need of the hour, the required competencies have to be essentially developed amongst student teachers so that they face the real challenges in teaching learning process. These competencies have to be based on practical experiences of self orga nization, communicable techniques and thinking systematically with appropriate skills to perform with high degree of interest for teaching. A fresh thinking has to start in the process of evaluation system at teacher education level. Continuous comprehensi ve evaluation system has become useful in this process in testing the qualitative aspects of affective and psychomotor learning amongst student teachers. Using innovative ideas and techniques in testing the behavioral aspects of the teachers is the need of the hour. Under this, the rubrics have become handy. Learning to construct Rubrics for CCE in the changing trends of Teacher Education attracted the researcher to concentrate. 40 students were chosen from methods of teaching social sciences, they were divi ded into two groups one was considered as control group and another was experimental group. Post test design was selected for the calculations. The students of experimental group were made to prepare rubric with specific criteria for the assessment based o n the objectives for the study. Key words : Teacher Education, Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation and Rubrics

2733-2749

Authors: Ravi .S.Ahuja & Ravindra K. Nalawade

Human development an integral part of economic development is fastly catching of various stakeholders around the world. It is also about people’s active engagement in shapin g development, equity and sustainability, intrinsic aspects of freedom of people have to lead lives they have reason to value. Human development index is a tool devised by United Nations for ranking countries for measuring levels of social and economic dev elopment measuring life expectancy, education , literacy and standard of living. This paper attempts to explore the HDI score for one of most economically progressive state in India, Maharashtra. Key Words: Human development in Maharashtra, HDI, Economic D evelopment

2760-2779

Authors: Sumana Mukerjee

Manuals or Textbooks are a key component in most langu age programs. In some cases , they serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive and the language practice that occurs in the class room. They often provide the foundation for the content of the lessons, the balance of skills taught and the kinds of language practice the students take part in. In other situations, the textbook m ay serve primarily to aid the teacher in carrying out classroom instructio n . For learners, the manual may be provided by the teach er. In the case of teachers with little or no experience, textbooks may also serve as a form of teache r training - they provide guidance and suggestions on how to plan and teach lessons as well as str ategies that the teachers can use . As an educator, we are philosophically com mitted to student diversity. We need to appreciate the fact that learning differenc es are natural and positive. The focus can be on identifying individual students' interests and strengths. But making inclusive education work requires a solid support system and also effective strategies with special emphasis on the quality of manuals used. In the Indian context, middle school language classrooms make use of specific recommended man uals which serves the needs of all students irrespective of their interests, learning abilities, and preferences. In this paper, the study highlights the role of manuals and inclusive education in French Pedagogy. Are the manuals used in French language te aching differentiated well enough to meet the needs of diverse student levels and interests? Do the Abstract SRJIS/BIMO NTHLY/ SUMANA MUKERJEE exercises or activities designed at the end of the lessons cater to different learner profiles particularly to suit the needs of students with special need s? Are the recommended manuals sufficient to match the learning needs of students or should more reference manuals be included? Also, talking about the formative and summative assessments, can more emphasis be laid on differentiated exercises on oral and w ritten comprehension rather than standard written tests based on grammar skills ? In this paper, we will consider the role of the textbook in terms of its normal day - to - day use in teaching and learning French , and then consider its role in the process of di fferentiation. We will also discuss the implications of a more detailed and positive view of the role of the textbook, stressing upon in particular, the textbook content creation and differentiation keeping in mind different learner needs and inclusive ed ucation

2880-2893

Authors: Mr. Vijay M. Gawas

T his paper attempts to highlight the lack of tribal development as well as legal attention through governance in the state of Goa. In re sponse to this, is it developed in a conceptual model of i nclusive framework for which the methodology of research adopted is of observation for its assessment? During the course of survey done by visiting 50 households in Tiswadi - Taluka of North Goa D istrict, which has been observed through various problems face by tribal people, is analyzed . This indicates that around 60% of the tribal populations statues of socio - econo mical condition i s very weak , which expresses the degree of low social - economic de velopment. This paper also takes into account the constitutional Rights of Scheduled Tribe which i s a major factor in the state. The main objective is to find out accessibility of social justice to Scheduled tribe and to study the concluding effect. Beside s this it also attempts to find out state s initiative to prepared necessary welfare policy programmes through the enactments related to tribal people. In this research the secondary data from books, articles, journal, newspaper etc. have been used. This p aper is prepared with the help of data which is collected from Directorate of tribal welfare, Government of Goa . Keywords : Customary Law , Movement, Inclusive Framework , Legislative.

2904-2909

Authors: Ms. Alisha Manuel

On the surface level the two stories seem like chalk and cheese, not worth comparing; what could one Zulu man’s quest for his son in Johannesburg and one American family’s quest for survival in California have in common? However, if one looks closely, one will identify certain common themes which shouldn’t go unnoticed, especially if one sees the two novels in light of Paton’s remark: “I read for the first time John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath and would soon adopt his style of rendering conversations, indicating by a preliminary dash that a speech was about to begin, and omitting all inverted commas. The novel made a deep impression on me…” (Towards the Mountain, Part I of his two-part autobiography, 1980). Through a comparison of the thematic and technical similarities in the two works, I hope to prove that there are no cultural boundaries, no cultural specifics, to what follows from people’s reactions to their dire economic circumstances. Indeed, tragedy and death/ suffering are the only inevitabilities of improvisation in a scene of (economic) constraint

2916-2928

Authors: Khan Tanveer Habee

Today, we all are a part of globalizin g era which is characterized by excel lence, competitions, quality etc. along with stress, strain on human beings. Stress is an inseparable part of human life. To fulfill so cial, environmental, economic needs one has to face stress, strain and anxiety. Particularly adolescents are marked by st ressful events and psychological challenges. The present study is an attempt to find out whether there exist any correlation between Emotional intelligence and stress management .A sample of 200 science students studying at higher secondary levelwas select ed through random sampling technique. The correlation(r) was calculated using Pearson’s correlation method and the fin dings revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between Emotional intelligence and Stress management . Keywords: Emotional I ntelligence, Stress Management, Adolescent students.

2939-2947

Authors: Pooja Arora

n the present investigation an attempt has been made to re veal the contribution of teacher variables in the attainment of concepts in trigonometry among students. The sample of study consisted of 500 students (250 boys and 250 girls) of tenth class drawn from government and private schools of Amritsar district. T he results of the study revealed that both qualification of teacher and commitment of teacher were positively related to student outcomes in trigonometry. Multivariate regression analysis was used to study the contribution of variables of teaching learning environment as related to the teacher in the prediction of criterion variable.

2 165 - 2169

Authors: Sudesh Sharma

Language is a method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of arbitrarily produc ed symbols for physiological as well as psychological survival. In a multilingual Indian Society, where English acts as a second language, our aim of teaching English is not to develop British or American accent but to help the learners to overcome regiona l accents, wrong pronunciation and gradually train them in proper articulation. The aim of this article is to discuss the mother tongue influence in the process of English Language learning and how a teacher can help to overcome some of the problem encount ered by an Indian learner of English as well as to improve his/her communicative competence

2 210 - 2218

Authors: Divya S

For feminists, the kitchen is a symbol of the world of tradi tionally marginalized woman. It is a space that associated with repetitive work, lacking any "real" creativity, and having no possibility for the fulfilment of women's existential needs, individualization or self - expression. Latin American women writer Lau ra Esquivel through her debut novel Like Water for Chocolate: A Novel in Monthly Installments with Recipes, Romances and Home Remedies (Como agua para chocolate: Novela de entregas mensuales can recetas, amores y remedios caseros ) expresses a different, q uite parodic and critical gender perspective that women can use food as a path to power and a part of a cultural cauldron involving sensuality and machismo. This paper is focuses on how food imagery is particularly important in the novel as a voice for wo men and their abundant emotions.

2 3 35 – 2 3 3 9

Authors: Dr. B.P. Singh

t is beyond doubt that timing of school principals, political pressure, soci al pressure, management pressure, coordination between teaching and non - teaching members, change of attitude of students and community towards teachers has increased the level of stress among school principals. Every day we talk of improving quality of edu cation. All these indicate the stress and strain among principals and leads to serious health consequences. 200 private and government school principals selected through stratified random sampling from Haryana were administered organization role stress sca le (Pareek, 1983). Comparison between private and government school principals was worked on its 10 dimensions by applying t - test. The results revealed that private school principal experienced higher organization role stress in the dimensions of inter - rol e distance, role stagnation, role isolation, personal inadequacy self role distance, role ambiguity and resource inadequacy than their counterpart. The results were discussed in view of changing global education system. Finding indicates that there is a ne ed of periodic assessment of these stresses on the principals and to evolve the education system which reduces stress among the principals

2 3 53 – 2 3 66

Authors: Dr. B.P. Singh & Manju Kumari

In the present study an attempt has been made to find out the relation between Government and private teacher working in the secondary school with respect to their personal, professional and social adjustment. In addition to t his, their adjustment is also compared to male and female teachers working in the private and government school. For the present study a sample of 200 teachers is selected, out of these 100 are taken from private school and 100 are taken of Govt. School. E qual number of male and female teachers of private and Govt. School are selected. We have selected only 5 Govt. and 5 Private schools from Jind city only. To study these adjustment we have used teacher adjustment inventory by S.K. Mangal . the result indic ates that there is a significant difference exist in personal, professional and social adjustment of these teachers. The govt. Teachers were found to be better adjusted as compared to the Private Teachers. While there is no difference in the adjustment be havior of male and female teachers of the same school

2 3 83 – 2 3 94

Authors: Rajeshri Soni, Rahul mhabde, Dr. Jaideo Deshmukh

The importance of women has increased due to narrowing gender difference in education, income, and wealt h over the time. Women’s have contributed nearly 50 % of nation wealth. As women play a major role in making financial decisions, it is important to understand their financial attitudes; their perception towards investment and investment awareness about d ifferent investment avenues. The study is empirical research based on the women residing in Nagpur. The study basically highlights the contribution of women in investment decision and their role towards responsible investment. This research is also carrie d out to find out various options available to the women investors, while doing their financial planning and to find out their buying behavior and attitude towards risk and return

2155 - 2164

Authors: Ms. Sunanda Roy, Dr. Lalita R. Vartak

Cooperative Lear ning is a very formal way of structuring activities in a learning environment that includes specific elements intended to increase the potential for rich and deep learning by the participants . ‘Pair work’ is a classroom activity in which the whole class is divided into pairs. It is really a type of group work, using 'groups' of two. Because the point of pair work is to get students speaking and listening, the content of a pair work session should be mainly oral. The paper discusses the historical background of pair work. It presents a list of different Cooperative Learning Techniques using pairs along with a detailed description of the teachers and students activities for each technique. Although there are many advantages of using pair work in classrooms, it also has a few limitations. The paper attempts to help teachers overcome these limitations.

2192 - 2 201

Authors: Swati Detha

NO

2219 - 2227

Authors: Rajesh Kumar

The concept of Rule of Law is that the state is governed, not by the ruler or the nominated representatives of the people but by the law. The Constitution of India intended for India to be a country governed by the rule of law. It provides that the constitution shall be the supreme power in the land and the legislative and the executive derive their authority from the constitution. The King is not the law but the law is king. It means that the law rules over all people i ncluding the persons administering the law. The law makers need to give reasons that can be justified under the law while exercising their powers to make and administer law. Rule of Law plays an important role in the democratic countries. It provides prote ction to the people against the arbitrary action of the administrative authorities. The expression ‘rule of law’ has been derived from the French phrase ‘la Principle de legality’ i.e. a government based on the principles of law. In simple words, the term ‘rule of law, indicates the state of affairs in a country where, in main, the law rules. Law may be taken to mean mainly a rule or principle which governs the external actions of the human beings and which is recognized and applied by the State in the admi nistration of justice. It is impossible to get the supremacy of law without the rule of law

2234 - 2258

Authors: Dr. Mohinder Kumar Slariya

SRJIS / Mohinder Kumar Slariya / ( 22 34 - 22 58 ) APRIL - MAY , 201 5 . VOL. II/ IX www.srjis.com Page 2234 HUMAN DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE: NEEDS NEW MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT? Dr. Mohinder Kumar Slariya , Associate Professor , Environmental Sociologist, Govt. PG College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh University To make life more comfortabl e, since ages, man has been altering the nature in the name of development. In the era of rapid industrialization consciously or unconsciously, he unscientifically utilize the natural resources and resulting into the major problems of 21 st century includin g environmental pollution and global warming on the one hand and creating more problems to the human beings by ignoring human dimensions which get accelerated in context of climate change. Hydroelectric power development is one such developmental initiativ e which is sine - quo - none of any development and instrumental to achieve desired goals of any society or any economy. But such developments at what cost? Human dimension of such development has remained unaddressed and today it is becoming alarming. This qu estion has been analyzed in present paper. The present paper is based on micro study, exploratory in nature, conducted in 22 villages by dividing in 5 research clusters and interviewing 200 respondents in NHPC owned Chamera - I power project. It is an analy tical analysis of deprivations received because of it’s construction and put the people in psychological trauma. The impact can be divided in two broad categories; one, project affects people (PAP), who got displaced and got compensation, jobs in NHPC and resettled somewhere in the part of the district or state. The second category; who have not affected as per the revenue/policy document of NHPC and can be called as Not Project Affected People (Not - PAP). But in real sense, they are the people who are facin g ill effects of this developmental activity and at present, they are dying every moment, every hour and every day and moreover, their concerns have never listened and never answered by state govt. as well as by the executors. To address the issue existing Lobbyist Pressurized Model of development should be replaced by Benefit Sharing Participatory Model of development

2274 - 2282

Authors: Dr. Sanjukta Bhuyan & Bimal Prasad Mallick

This study is an attempt to find out the variation in job satisfaction of the contract teachers and regular teachers on the basis of their gender. The sample comprised of 120 Secondary School teachers; out of them 60 were contract teachers an d 60 were regular teachers. Further 30 male and 30 female teachers were included both contract and regular groups. The sample was selected out of 20 Secondary Schools applying simple random sampling procedure. Job satisfaction scale of Singh and Sharma was used for collection of data. The ‘t’ test was applied in order to calculate the significance difference between two group means. The results indicated that regular teachers have more job satisfaction in comparison to contract teachers. There was significa nt difference between contract teachers and regular teachers regarding job satisfaction. There was no gender variation among the contract teachers and regular teachers in regard to job satisfaction

2303 – 2 308

Authors: Dr. (mrs.) Meena sharma

he term women rights refers to freedom and entitlement of Women & girls of all ages. These rights may or may not be ignored or suppressed by law, local customs & behavior in a particular society. women in India carry a strong desire for freedom. The status at which women reached during the present era is not achieved due to the kindness of men or due to natural prog ress; it is rather achieved through a long struggle & sacrifice on women’s part. The legal status of Women in India has been subjected to many changes; many acts were also passed for benefits, welfare and development of women which were accepted by the soc iety. It is pleasant to talk about women liberation, but no one has really given them freedom despite of all the laws. Constitute provide many rights to the women but the practical fact is that she does not get her actual rights. The status of women has to start from the social framework, social structure, and cultural norms. Value systems influence social expectations regarding the behavior of both men & women & determine a woman's role along with her position in society to a great extent. The significan ce and the purpose of the paper is to make people aware about the status of women in our society, firstly freedom should be given to them so that they can feel empowered. The present paper presents the social status of women in India and focuses on the ga p between the position and role according to the laws and constitution

2328 – 2334

Authors: Dr. Namesh Kumar

Education provides the surest instrument for attaining sustainable development of a high order in a country. In th is regard, primary education acts as the basic enabling factor for participation, freedom and overcoming of basic deprivation; whereas secondary education facilitates economic development and establishment of social justice. Over the years, liberalisation and globalisation have led to rapid changes in scientific and technological world and have prompted the general needs of improved quality of life and reduced poverty. This undoubtedly necessitates the school leavers to acquire higher levels of knowledge an d skills than what they are essentially imparted with throughout the eight years of elementary education. Also, a crucial stage in the educational hierarchy, secondary education empowers children to aggrandise nations by preparing them for higher education and also the world of work.Following the recommendations of New Education Policy of 1986 and Programme of Action, 1992 the Government of India initiated different schemes to support children of secondary and higher secondary schools at different points in tim

6

Authors: B. P. Singh

The investigator in this paper tried to explore mental health and adjustment in science and art College students. The study was conducted in Bhiwani District of Haryana. The sample of the study consists of 150 College students who are studying in B.Sc. and B.A.; there are 75 science students (both boys and girls) and 75 art students. Mental health checklist developed by Kumar (1992) was used to measure the mental health status of the students. Adjustment inventory for College students constructed by Sinha & Singh was used to measure the adjustment level of the students. T he‘t’ test was used to compare the mean score of science and art students. The result revealed that there were significant difference exits between science and art students at.05 level of significance. Art students have had better mental health status and better adjustment level in comparison with science students.

7

Authors: D. Ponmozhi and N. O. Nellaiyapen

The present investigation has been undertaken in order to study the Emotional Intelligence of student teacher in Tamil Nadu state. By using the random sampling technique 622 student teachers were selected from various education coll eges in Tamil Nadu state. Normative survey method was used. This study is intended to find out the levels of Emotional intelligence of student teachers and if there is any significant difference between the selected pairs of sub - samples. Emotional Intellig ence scale constructed and validated by Hyde, Dhar, & Pethe, (2001) was used to collect the data. This study reveals that the majority of student teachers Emotionally Intelligence were high. There exists significant difference between sub samples related to email holders, and the type of college they studied.

8

Authors: Siddiqui Fakeha Salahuddin

Pres ent research aims to compare the cognitive style of Junior College Students studying in science stream with respect to gender and locality. The sample of the study was selected by Stratified Random Sampling method which includes 400 junior college students of Jalna District studying in science stream from rural and urban areas. Tool used for the research was standardized Cognitive style inventory by Dr. Praveen Kumar Jha. Research finding reveals that junior college science stream students’ posses systemati c cognitive style with respect to gender and locality. Male students’ posses’ average level of systematic style whereas in female the level is high. The level of intuitive style among male students is low whereas in female it is average. Result also reveal s that the level of systematic and intuitive style is average among rural and urban science stream students . Further finding reveals that there is significant difference in the systematic and intuitive cognitive style among male and female junior college s tudents of science stream. Also it was found that there is no significant difference in the systematic and intuitive cognitive style respectively among rural and urban junior college students of science stream.

10

Authors: Prem Shankar Srivastava

The paper deals with the spiritual education with special reference to the Tagore’s Naturalist Phil osophy in which Tagore’s life philosophy influence spiritual education. The paper also deals with the Cardinal Principles of his educational philosophy based on Freedom, Creative self - expression, and Active communion with nature and man which are the integ ral part of spiritual education. In this paper an attempt has been made to recognize, analyze, evaluate and critically examine the dominant factors responsible for strengthening spiritual education in Tagore’s philosophy. The paper concludes ‘Spiritual Edu cation’ as “it is education which helps to fulfill the potentialities of the individuals through the Doctrine of Mother Nature, Universal Brotherhood, Freedom, Service, Co - operation, Love, Sympathy, Wisdom, Peace and Harmony, Truth, Tolerance, Self - control , Self - Confidence, self - expression, and Self - Realization and to prepare them to solve the everyday problems for life creatively and constructively in the new situation of the socio - psycho - physical environment for attaining the highest values and ideas of e ducation, if the teachers enable to modify such kind of behavior patterns of individuals in the lap of Nature, - this is spiritual education.”

11

Authors: Satinder kaur

Today is a time of science and technology, hundreds of vocations have been thrown open to an individual. Hence the study conducted by the investigator to find the conflicts of selection of career of adolescents in relation to gender and intelligence . Sa mple consists of 400 adolescents (200 male and 200 female) students of 10 th standard will be selected from 15 - 20 schools of Patiala district. On the sample two test will be administered i.e. GMAT (General Mental Ability Test) by Jalota and self constructed scale of conflicts in career selection. Mean standard deviation and percentiles, correlation are completed on achievement gain scores to understand the nature of data and One or two way ‘ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE’ is employed on the Conflicts in career select ion. The result indicated that Male have highest conflicts in career selection due to personal dimension and female have highest conflicts in career selection due to parents.

5

Authors: Ranjeet Singh

India is a devel oping country where development is required in each and every sphere of life. Information &Communication Technology plays a significant role in the social set - up of Indian society. Indian Government has also realized that ICT can offer social benefits, so that the Government has started large programs to improve the level of health, education , agriculture, business and to offer government services to their citizens. Information & Communication Technology producing new forms of social interaction and cha nging ways that people of our society engage with policies of government . In the present Indian context we can’t deny the importance of ICT as it plays a vital role in communication. The usage of ICT is increasing day by day. So this paper mainly focuses o n the social relevance of ICT in India.

06

Authors: Haider - e - Karrar

Quality of the people of any region reflects the level of social d evelopment. In Maharashtra, to examine the level of social development, 11 indicators have been selected, keeping in view the need of the people and the region i.e. Education, Health, Communication, Bank, Transport, law and order. In the present study, da ta of 2001 and 2011, pertaining to these indicators have been analysed to find out the comparative social development of the study region. Maharashtra, inspite of one of the most industrial ized state of India, is lagging behind in social development. The s tudy shows that educational development has decrease from 2001 to 2011, it is due to step motherly treatment towards education. However health facilities have been provided to most of the people but there is sign of progress in rural areas. Communication i .e. service of post offices have decreased from 2001 to 2011, it is due to invention of new techniques of science of development, i.e. mobile phones, sms, whatsapp, etc. Bank offices have made progress in the region due to development of commerce & trade. There is expansion of transport facilities i.e. roads have better position as compare to rail development due to landscape of the region.

6

Authors: Poonam Choudhary and Madhuri

Social M aturity is the ability to function in an appropriate responsible manner. As adolescence is the age for an individual to express mature behavior. Social M aturity is an essential aspect for the individual as well as society . The present rese arch study was undertaken to assess and compare the Social M aturity of A dolescent s in relation to their Gender and L ocality. The sample consisted of 500 adolescent students studying with 11 th and 12 th standards from rural , 250(125 female and 125 male) and from Urban, 250 (125 female and 125 male) were included in this sample. Rao’s S ocial M aturity scale was used to asse ss the social maturity. Thus obtained data wa s analyzed using means, S.D’s, ‘t’ - test. The result revealed significant gender difference on the basis of social maturity and also reported that adolescent students belonging to rural area possess higher social maturity than those belonging to urban area. The study has implications for the parents, teachers and policy makers.

8

Authors: Charudatta Achyut Gandhe

Author of this article has developed an information literacy test for teacher education. Though various standardized information literacy tests are available across the globe, by considering our educational system those tests could not be applied in India. The present paper focuses on the need of discipline specific information literacy test, and the process of test development. Author applied the test development stages suggested by UNESCO for test development and for standardization, author applied item analysis. This test is the output of collaboration between a librarian and teacher educators.

9

Authors: Yumnam Nirmala Devi

North - East India comprises of eight states - Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. Compared to other states of the mainstream India, the states in North East India have their distincti veness historically and culturally. Due to this uniqueness, North East India is considered a miniature Asia. However, the fascinating aspect of this regio n is disturbed by the ethnic conflicts and political instabilities that are rooted in th is region. I t is found that the state of Manipur is the most conflict - ridden state among all the other states. Manipur, a small state, within the mainland India, is a r egion where democracy is freely practiced yet only in the facade where the citizens are denied of their due rights. Such deliberate and unmindful acts by the so called democratic government defying the sensibilities of the masses lead to several conflicts, thereby making the region highly prone to political instabilities and confusions. This paper will highlight the main causes that would finally help in building suc h conflicts and instabilities. Solutions to resolve them in an understandable way for the we lfare of the masses thereby contributing to the peaceful settlements of innumerable conflicts in this region of Asia will also be discussed.

11

Authors: Raj Kumar Dhiman

The study aimed at finding out the difference in learning style preferences among prospective teacher educators belonging to rural and urban residential backgrounds. The sample comprised of 120 M.Ed. Students drawn from Two Urban and Two Rural Teacher Education Institutions through cluster technique of random sampling. Data were collected by using Lear ning Style Preferences Scale (F o rm - B) developed by Owens and Strat on (1990). The analysis of collected data revealed that residential background had significant influence on learning style preferences am ong prospective teacher educators.

13

Authors: Prem Shankar Srivastava

The present study has been carried out to assess the interaction effect of sex, self - concept and self - esteem on Emotional Intelligence on a sample of 125 scheduled caste teacher trainees both male (67) and female (58) b y applying a (2x2x2) three ways factorial design. The data has been collected with the help of Self - Concept Questionnaire (Saraswat, 1984), Self - Esteem Inventory (Part - 1) (Prasad and Thakur, 1977) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Kumar, 2000). It has been revealed that the main effect of self - esteem is found to be significant whereas the main effects of sex and self – concept as well as the various interaction are found to be non significant. However, the present study suggests about educational implication for the community.