Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal

175-185

Authors: Ivanov L.A., Demenev A.V., Muminova S.R.

A brief review of patents is given. The research performed by scientists, engineers and specialists in the area of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials result in increased efficiency of construction, housing sector and adjacent fields of economy. For example, invention «Elastic conductive film on the basis of silver nanoparticles», according to experts, is of great interest for science and industry. This new type of electronics potentially can be applied in many fields, such as elastic sensor skin for robot devices, portable electronics for functional clothes, elastic sensors and flexible electronic displays. Elasticity of materials is highly needed in electronic devices that contact the human body or curved surfaces. Elastic conductive film contains many annealed nanoparticles of conductive metal, in particular silver, applied on substrate. Adhesion of silver film is of great quality: when abrasion test was finished, there were no defects or there were slight defects.

207-216

Authors: Ivanov L.A.

Today technological communities often consider lack of funding and ideas for establishment of startups as the biggest hitch for launching and development of innovative startups for the moment. But that seems to be unsound as the statistics says that there are plenty of financial institutions, venture funds, business angel investors as well as incoming offers from startups showing that there is a host of ideas. One of the most significant tasks in the international technology community is the development of technology entrepreneurs who are able to approach the establishment of their technological startups insightfully. As a rule, such entrepreneurs launching startups are focused on the process of design and development of a unique device, software and other products which they find outstanding, and only after that such issues as: who needs this product and how this product is going to be built into the manufacturing chain are considered by them. A technology entrepreneur with strong technology skills should direct his efforts to the market and end user.

31-41

Authors: Sergeev V. V., Russkikh K.G., Zeigman Y.V., Yakubov R. N.

Hydrocarbon based emulsions are actively used as technological fluids in the processes of oil and gas wells construction, drilling-in, workover, and in the improved oil recovery methods such as intensification of oil production, water shut-off and others. However, the area of effective application of emulsion compositions is determined by their physical properties. Classical hydrocarbon emulsions have low thermal stability and lose aggregative stability in reservoir conditions, due to the coalescence of globules of the dispersed phase, which leads to a decrease in the technological efficiency of their use in high-temperature formations. The authors of the article propose a modification of the emulsion system by the addition of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles in order to improve its properties. Previously, the results of experimental studies of thermal stability, which revealed the advantages of modified emulsion system with nanoparticles over classical emulsions were presented. [3]. The comparative analysis of the results of laboratory studies on the emulsion system with nanoparticles dispersity after filtration in porous media using optical microscopy is presented in article. Based on the analysis it was revealed that after filtration in natural rock cores the dispersity of the emulsion system with nanoparticles increased, and that phenomenon might be described by absence of the coalescence in the emulsion, and globules breakdown to smaller size during filtration through the porous media of rock cores from Abdulovskoe and Yugomashevskoe oil-gas fields.

91-101

Authors: Ivanov LA., Borisova O.N., Muminova S.R.

A brief review of patents is given. The research performed by scientists, engineers and specialists in the area of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials result in increased efficiency of construction, housing sector and adjacent fields of economy. The invention «A method of introduction of single-shell and/or double-shell and/or multi-shell carbon nanotubes in adhesive additive composition for asphalt coating and application of single-shell and/or double-shell and/or multi-shell carbon nanotubes as a part of adhesive additive composition» refers to construction, in particular, to the materials used in road, airdrome and civil construction. Concentration (content) of single-shell and/or double-shell and/or multi-shell carbon nanotubes varies from 0,01% to 15% of volume of asphalt covering. The invention «A method to produce nanocomposite material» based on aluminium refers to powder metallurgy, in particular to production of metal and carbon composite materials and articles of them in different shapes and can be used in auto industry, shipbuilding, aircraft engineering and instrument manufacture and other areas. The invention «A method of low temperature application of nanocrystal coating of alpha-oxide aluminium» refers to method of production nanocrystal coating of alpha-oxide aluminium with high rate under low temperature. Coatings of aluminium oxide are characterized by high thermal resistance, chemical inaction, hardness, compression resistance, heat-insulation capacity and is widely used for protection the products exposed to high temperatures and aggressive environments. The specialists can also be interested in the following inventions in the area of nanotechnologies: device and method for production of powder materials based on nano- and microparticles through electric explosion of wire; vacuum machine for application of nanostructured coating made of material with shape memory effect on the detail surface; hierarchically reinforced heteromodular extrudable solid lubricant nanocomposite based on UHMW PE and a method to produce it; hydrogen-accumulating materials and a method to produce them et al.

63-76

Authors: Avrenyuk A.N., Rusyaev E.V., Vilinchuk V.L., Abutalipova E. M., Mugallimov F.M.

The durability of the used cement-based construction materials can be improved by modifying them with electromagnetic radiation. Thus, in a number of research papers it is noted that magnetic and microwave radiation intensifies the processes of dissolution and hydration of cement at earlier times, that leads to the formation of fine crystalline structures, a decrease in porosity, an increase in density, strength, frost resistance and durability in general. In the course of the research, physical and mechanical tests of samples of cement-sand solutions irradiated with ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation were carried out and the results compared with those not irradiated were analyzed. The research was carried out both on samples of low-quality cementsand mortars from dry mixes and on high-quality samples of cement-sand mortars used for the repair of concrete and reinforced concrete structures – for clarity of the obtained results.

91-107

Authors: Urkhanova L.A., Lkhasaranov S.A., Buyantuev S.L., Khardaev P.K.

The article presents the results of studies on the production of fiber-reinforced concrete with mineral fibers produced in a plasma reactor, composite binders and nanomodifying additives. For dispersed reinforcement of concrete, basalt mineral fibers obtained by the electrothermal method in a plasma-arc reactor were used. To reduce the negative impact of Portland cement, composite binders based on Portland cement and fly ash were used. Fly ash meets the requirements of standards and is suitable for using it as a part of building materials. The nanosilica produced at an electron accelerator was used for comparison. The introduction of nanosilica improves the mechanical properties of cement by accelerating the hydration processes of Portland cement, improving the microstructure and changing the phase composition of the cement stone. The optimal content of fly ash in the composite binder, which allows obtaining high mechanical properties, has been determined. To reduce water content in the binder super plasticizer polycarboxylate type was used.

124-155

Authors: Kudryavtsev P.G.

Porous materials are formed from dispersed particles of various shapes. The porous structure of such materials is determined by the shape and nature of the packing of their structural units. As a model for the analysis of the structure of porous materials, model-packing units were selected in the form of spherical particles and fibers. Separately, the pore structure in foam-like regular porous materials was considered. It is shown that the pore volume in such packages grows with the reduction of the coordination number of the packed spherical particles. To study this regularity, the structural types of crystal lattices of various chemical substances were analyzed. Examples of such packages are most metallic elements and all inert gases, except for helium. These substances crystallize in simple structural types. All of them can be considered as packing of balls of identical radii. Such regularities are observed strictly up to the coordination number 4. With coordination number 3, a very openwork, loose package is formed. When forming mixed packages, the coordination number can have fractional values. A special group is represented by structures with coordination number <3.

56-72

Authors: Malkin P.

Protection of water resources from contamination is considered as one of the global problem of the present day. Wastewater of almost all economic entities contains oil products, heavy metal compounds and other pollutants. Many effective wastewater treatment systems can provide purification index up to 99.9%, but operation of such systems entails significant costs, therefore many economic entities neglect environmental protection standards despite heavy penalties. The main task of modern technological systems is the development of environmentally safe technologies with the most closed cycle and the minimum amount of waste. The current situation in this field of research has necessitated the improvement of sorption technologies and selective processes for treatment of contaminated solutions and process fluids for the integrated solution of resource-saving and environmental problems. The target studies of wide range of sorption materials applied in wastewater treatment resulted in further development for processes of adsorption of oil products and heavy metal ions on natural sorbents and their analogs.

106-121

Authors: Baikov I.R., Smorodova O.V., Kitaev S.V.

Today nanotechnology is widely used in the creation of building materials. In some cases, such technologies allow obtaining materials with improved characteristics. In the domestic and foreign markets the new generation of the building heat insulation materials are represented by liquid ceramic heat-insulating materials manufactured with the help of nanotechnology. Liquid ceramic thermal insulation is a composition of glass evacuated nanospheres based on aqueous solutions of acrylic polymers. It is the technical vacuum inside the nanosphere that explains the high heat-shielding properties of such materials.To determine reliable thermal conductivity coefficient for thermal insulation paint, the experiment has been planned. The designed plan corresponds to the complete factorial experiment. With 4 influencing factors 16 measurementsof the density of heat flux through a flat sample of thermal paint with a thickness of 7,5 mm were made to calculate the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Microprocessor device MTF-MG4 was employed in the measurements.

148-159

Authors: Maskova A.R., Aminova G.K., Mazitov R.M., Faizullina G.F., Mazitova A.K.

Various chemical additives are used for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing. Plasticization is one of the ways to improve the physical and mechanical PVC materials properties and simplify processing of polymer into the corresponding products. Today certain requirements to PVC-based compositions for environmental compatibility and manufacturability are increasing. Therefore, there is a need to develop new modern plasticizers and enlarge the assortment of them. This paper presents the results of research devoted to the compatibility of a new plasticizer, octylphenoxypropyl phthalate with PVC, with and without addition of pentaerythritol ester of butyric acid. The PVC plasticizers compatibility was evaluated by the critical PVC dissolution temperature in the plasticizer and Shore A durometer hardness change in comparison with the industrial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate. The plasticizer influence on the flow temperature and the glass transition temperature has also been studied. It was marked that the studied octylphenoxypropyl phthalate as a plasticizer with the addition of pentaerythritol ester of butyric acid possesses sufficiently high plasticizing ability and it is well combined with PVC.

39-56

Authors: Demchenko M.V., Kuzeev I.R.

Methods that are used to study the fine structure of constructional materials are becoming more popular. Interdisciplinary approaches are important for explaining the relation between macrolevel processes and higher levels of metal destruction mechanisms research. Synergetics properly reflects the essence of natural processes, in particular the plastic deformation of metals. It is known when energy is supplied from outside, the open system organizes itself, striving to produce minimum of entropy. In this case when the accommodative mechanism is exhausted, the system passes to another dissipative structure with a dramatic change in properties. The authors studied deformation processes of outer layers and internal subsurface volumes of a metal when welded joints are deformed. It is shown that the zone of thermal influence in a welded joint is the area of discharge of the supplied energy and the zone of accommodation of the plastic deformation of the welded joint.

102-115

Authors: Maskova A.R., Aminova G.K., Faizullina S.R., Faizullina G. F., Mazitova A.K.

When developing polymeric materials with specified properties special compounds such as fungicides are used alongside traditional chemical additives (plasticizers). Usage of fungicides are determined by negative influence of mold fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material. The present work focuses on the possibility to implement octylphenoxypropyl phthalates (OPOPP), proposed as plasticizers, and derivatives of 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazinon-5, proposed as fungicides, in PVC films. The first additive was produced by esterification of phthalic anhydride by oxypropylated phenols and 2-ethylhexanol, the second additive – by cyclocondensation of alpha-keto acids with thiosemicarbazide.

142-158

Authors: Sergeyeva O.Yu.

For the last two decades additive technologies (production, further AT and AP respectively) have formed a technological innovation segment of machine building [1, p. 30]: world markets for technologies and equipment emerged, extensive research and development works are being performed, standards for products certification are being elaborated. The classification and definition of additive technologies is based on the proposal of the American Society for Testing and Materials, an organization developing technical standards for materials, products, systems and services (ASTM standard F2792.1549323-1). According to the standard, the main attributes that determine additive technologies are [1, р.30]: – additivity, when the configuration of the part is determined by directional addition of the dosed material mass to the initial configuration; – virtuality, when the digital model is the basis for creation of a product.