CONTEMPORARY ECONOMY JOURNAL

5-20

Authors: Mioara BORZA

The competitiveness assessment of business represent a preoccupation of theorists and, equally, of global economic area representatives. Also, the concern to identify the role of sustainability concept in business is dynamic. However, we note that the approach of sustainability theme is slipped, often, to the ecology sphere, the economic and social issues remaining in background. We consider that the persistence of confusion has been maintained by the lack of an indicators system for sustainable development, combined in an assembly with real utility. For this purpose, this paper will discuss in practical perspective about the sustainability in business area, analysed in terms of complex competitiveness. The competitiveness studies conducted until now, have involved the assessments based on socio-economic indicators, on the false assumption that the economic activity is able to distribute equable in territory the benefits of growth. Often, was ignored the importance of socio-cultural relations between economic actors, able to lead to increased competitiveness. The Index of Regional Competitiveness of European Union measures the competitiveness of companies and regions in correlation with Index of life quality; the sustainability dashboard sustain the importance of sustainability approach in terms of business competitiveness, the notions of competitiveness and sustainability becoming complementary and interdependent.

26-37

Authors: Dorina LUȚĂ, Laura PĂNOIU

EU Member State normalizers have been required to bring into force the provisions of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 regarding annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of companies. In this respect, in early 2015, Ordinance of the Public Finance Ministry (OPFM) no.1802/2014 came into force in Romania for the approval of accounting regulations on annual individual and consolidated financial statements. The main goals of the Directive aim at: lowering administrative costs, improving the comparability of annual financial statements at EU level, increasing the transparency on payments made to governments by entities operating in the extractive industry or in the primary forest exploitation sector. With such goals in mind, this paper shows how Ordinance of the Public Finance Ministry no.1802/2014 has taken the requirements of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and has adjusted them to the peculiarities of the business and financial environment in Romania.

48-58

Authors: Ecaterina GARABAJII

Actuality of article consists in performing complex analysis of state social insurance budget for the years 2005-2014. The aim of this work is to elucidate the real situation in terms of financing social protection system which is part of the national public budget of Republic of Moldova and determination of its interdependence with demographic trends, namely aging.

73-77

Authors: Elena RUSU (CIGU), Florin OPREA

One of the great challenges that local authorities have to face in the current period of time is climate change and that environmental protection, the responsibility of creation or strengthening green cities appearing in the forefront. In this context, the success of policies based on regulations can be sustained and substantially enhanced by appropriate use of local fiscal instruments such as taxes, fees or expenditures. From this point of view, our paper suggests some alternative design, implementation and use of these fiscal tools so that they can manifest realistic as active levers to influence the activities and behaviors of actors involved to develop and strengthen green cities.

85-97

Authors: Gabriela-Cornelia PICIU

This article considers the role of circular business models in efficient and sustainable growth. Circular economy is a fundamental change in the way products are designed, manufactured, sold and consumed. The company who assimilates circular economy principles must adopt new business models, especially this means the transition from selling products to selling services. In these business models, companies retain property rights on products. Thus, companies have an incentive to reduce environmental impact through design for prolonging the life of the product.Because reuse is taken for a circular economy, the role of the consumer is replaced by the user. For companies, this change requires a different way of thinking about implicit contract with clients. In a linear economy based on purchasing and consumption, the goal is to sell the product. In a circular economy, the aspiration would be to rent it to ensure that its materials were returned for reuse. Where products are to be sold, would create incentives for companies to ensure their return and reuse. Leasing models are a rarity in many industries, although it would benefit both customers and companies from these models.

108-117

Authors: Raluca-Viorica LIXANDRU

Tax evasion is the result of an imperfect legislation, which has not been well assimilated. One of the causes of tax evasion is excessive taxation. The emergence of tax evasion arises from the simple game of interest. Given the context of the current mentality, committing an act of tax evasion is a proof of ability rather than dishonesty. The anti-taxation reaction in our country came together with the democratisation of public finances. The people who have highly sided with this direction were the ones who before the introduction of the tax reforms were exempt or enjoyed the privileges regarding their tax obligations. Evading the tax obligations can be achieved through a variety of means, the most important ones being the illicit processes and the exploitation of loopholes.

5-21

Authors: Emil DINGA

The paper aims to find the logical predicates of sufficiency which could deliver a general definition of the fiscal sustainability. To this end, firstly the concept of optimality (in its relation with the extreme values of a system) is discussed and clarified. Then, these results are applied to the fiscal concept in order to find the concept of fiscal optimality. Finally, the paper discusses the minimal list of the fiscal sustainability sufficient predicates, so to get the logical definition of the fiscal sustainability.

35-59

Authors: Camelia-Cătălina MIHALCIUC

In a competitive market environment, the activity of conducting transactions of sale involves operating with discounts, which may be granted by suppliers to customers, these reductions quantify the existing confidence between the two partners, the business volume, the quality of goods. The literature in the field and the business practice operates with two types of discounts: trade discounts and financial discounts. Given that, often in practice is not always a clear distinction between the two categories of discounts, since the invoices are often entitled with “discounts”, the main objective of the work focuses on delineating the two categories of discounts, highlighting the applicable accounting treatment according to the Romanian accounting regulations in force (Order no. 1802/2014, valid from 1 January 2015 and Order no. 4160 of 31 December 2015 amending and supplementing certain accounting regulations valid from January 12, 2016). Thus, taking into account these regulations, in doing this work will be presented in detail issues concerning amendments and clarifications on the procedures for registration of price discounts by applying the accounting treatment prescribed.

82-95

Authors: Camelia BĂLTĂREŢU

In the literature and in practice there is no unanimity regarding the definition and the measurement of seigniorage revenue. Usually, the seigniorage is seen as an important source of government finance without levying conventional taxes. In this paper, the author presents some main conceptual aspects of seigniorage that have been used in the literature, trying to delineate these terms : monetary seigniorage, fiscal seigniorage, inflation tax, opportunity cost of holding money.

113-126

Authors: Laurenţia Elena SCURTU

The purpose of this paper is to present the main factors that offer to the management of a company the possibility of improving its administration activity, factors identified during a period of individual study, theoretical and empirical research and summarized within this article. In this regard, through the present paper, I underlined the role of knowledge (especially of the tacit ones) in business organizations and I argued their importance for successful decision making in the demarche of reaching the competitive advantage in the current competitive nebula.

139-159

Authors: Alina SUSLENCO

This paper analyses the opportunity of enhancing the competitiveness of universities from the Republic of Moldova through the capitalization of the creative potential of academics and students. The actuality of the topic is based on the need to ensure the competitiveness of universities, which represent those places where creation, innovation, culture and values are capitalized within an environment absorbed by creativity and built by capitalization of the potential. This work investigates the situation of the Republic of Moldova concerning students’ enrolment at the universities and analyses higher education institutions’ graduates. The research methodology was focused on the methods of empirical research, qualitative analysis, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, each of which contributed to the crystallization of the research results. In conclusion, it is mentioned that the academic environment of the Republic of Moldova needs academic staff’s strengthened efforts in creating and enhancing the competitiveness of universities and creating opportunities for graduate students towards an easier insertion into the labour market.