INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Number ISSUE 3, 2015

7-16
Study of academic burden on first year medical students

Authors: DR. WAGHMARE RUPALI V. DR. WAGHMARE VIJAY KUMAR R. DR. GAIKWAD NANDKISHOR

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 387

Stress is simply strains or tensions physical, mental, or emotional on a person. Stress which promotes and facilitates learning is called ‘favorable stress’ and stress which inhibits and suppresses learning is called ‘unfavorable stress’. Unfavorable stress was also associated with inhibition of student’s academic achievement and personal growth development. As a result, medical students may feel inadequate and unsatisfied with their career as a medical practitioner in the future. Objectives of the present study are to determine the prevalence of stress in first year medical students, explore the sources of stress and find out is there any association between gender and presence of stress. Sample size was 144, 77 male and 67 female students. Data collection spanned over the month of November 2013. The students were assured about anonymity and confidentiality of the responses given in the questionnaire and instructed to return the completed questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of demographic data, the 10-item Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scaled (PSS-10) a 26-item list of Medical student’s Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ). Data were entered in excel worksheets and analyzed using the EPI 7. Study has found that majority of first year MBBS medical students experience stress. Major stressors are academic and physical factors. Proper guidance & counseling by faculties, mental health workshop programmers, provision of recreation facilities, yoga, meditation by students, some changes in curriculum by university, infrastructure changes by higher authority may help to improve the present scenario. Key words: stress, academic burden, favorable stress, unfavorable stress

Number ISSUE 2, 2015

1-4
Demonstrating glycogen at various stages of developing human liver

Authors: DR. HASHMI INTKHAB C.

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 422

Ninety five percent of all the glycogen stored in the body is found in the liver and muscles. Liver glycogen serves as a major source of blood glucose and is of utmost importance for supply of glucose to other organs, especially the brain. The metabolism of liver glycogen will depend on the nutritional state of the animal/human. Forty human fetuses (19 males and 21 females) of different gestational ages ranging from 12th to 36th gestational weeks were procured for the research work. Slides of liver were stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain to demonstrate the glycogen. The Diastase PAS stain was used for the demonstration of glycogen in combination with the PAS stain. Glycogen granules appeared first at 15th to 16th weeks of gestation in the form of fine granules; thereafter they increase in size till birth. Key words: diastase PAS, glycogen granules, hepatocytes, periodic acid Schiff, PAS

5-13
Molecular Motors A review article

Authors: DR. PAGAR ATISH B, DR. RAUT SAYALI E.

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 423

Molecular motors are essential agents of movements in living organisms, harnessing chemical free energy released by hydrolysis of ATP, belong to the same protein family, the P-loop NTPases. In terms of energetic efficiency, they can be superior to man-made motors. They operate by small increments, converting changes in protein conformation into directed motion. Key words: ATP, Dynein, Kinesin, Motor, Molecular Motor, Myosin, P-loop NTPases

14-17
Bilateral accessory renal artery and abnormal left testicular artery A case report

Authors: DR. PATIL DEEPAK A, DR. PHAD VAIBHAV V, DR. HEREKAR NARSINH G

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 466

Knowledge of the variations of renal artery has grown in importance with increasing number of renal transplants, vascular reconstructions and various surgical and radiologic techniques performed in recent years. Variations in the origin of the normal single testicular artery have been commonly reported by various authors. Proper knowledge of variations of renal and gonadal arteries is essential not only to the anatomists but also to the vascular surgeons, urologists, nephrologists and radiologists. We report the presence of bilateral accessory renal artery, discovered on routine dissection of a 70 year old male cadaver, originating from the abdominal aorta. In addition the left testicular artery originated from the left renal artery. Such vascular variations as noted in the present study have been explained in light of embryogenic development. Key words: renal artery, accessory renal artery, testicular artery, abdominal aorta

18-21
Tenny Parker change A reflection of placental pathology

Authors: DR. WARE SANDHYA S, DR. NAGARGOJE PRAVIN P, DR. PHAD VAIBHAV V, DR. SAWAITULDR VINOD K

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 462

Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. It is now thought that abnormal placentation and placenta function is a strong predisposing factor for pre-eclampsia. Syncytial knots are aggregates of nuclei at the surface of terminal villi and their number increase with increasing gestational age. Increased syncytial knots (Tenny parker change) are associated with conditions of utero-placental malperfusion and are important in placental examination. Vasculo-syncytial membrane (VSM) is the primary site of feto-maternal exchange in placenta. In pre-eclampsia, VSM thickness is increased causing fetal hypoxia. We here report a case of an autopsy finding in a pre-eclamptic female. On histopathological examination, we found terminal chorionic villi with excessive syncytial knots (Tenny Parker change). Syncytial knots were seen in more than 40% of chorionic villi. Vasculo-syncytial membrane (VSM) thickness was also increased. Thus, histopathological findings of Tenny Parker change and increased vasculo-syncytial membrane (VSM) thickness are the clues for placental pathology in pre-eclampsia. Key words: pre-eclampsia, placenta, syncytial knots, Tenny Parker change, vasculosyncytial membrane

Number Issue 12, 2015

1-5
Study on Cystatin C An early biomarker for Nephropathy in Type II Diabetic subjects

Authors: Pandey KK, Singh N, Raizada A

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 357

Type 2 diabetes has become the most common metabolic disorder in India and is a growing problem with over 40 million diabetic subjects. The “Asian Indian phenotype” is associated with increased insulin resistance, greater abdominal adiposity despite lower body mass index, lower adiponectin and higher high sensitivity C - reactive protein levels makes Asians more prone to diabetes. Among Indians, the onset of type 2 diabetes occurs at a younger age and hence, they are vulnerable to all the complications of diabetes due to longer duration of the disease. An overnight fasting blood sample was collected from both cases and controls and the samples were centrifuged and separated for the estimations. Estimations of fasting blood glucose, blood urea and serum creatine were performed. Estimation of serum cystatin C was done by immunoturbidimetric method. The care of patients with diabetes and end stage renal disease contributes significantly to health care costs. In the past couple of decades, there have been notable advances in our knowledge regarding the early stages of diabetic kidney disease, including the advent of interventions that can significantly slow or even reverse the progression of disease. The limitations of currently available parameters in early detection of renal dysfunction have prompted a search for newer, more reliable markers of renal function. This study attempts to determine the utility of serum Cystatin C in predicting early decline in renal function so that appropriate and timely interventions can be instituted to delay or arrest the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Number Issue 11, 2015

1-5
Correlation of anthropometric parameters with Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Authors: Bawaskar AS, Iyer N

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 395

Aims & Objectives: To know correlation between Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and height, weight & BMI in males and females. Material &Method: The study has been carried out on 150 healthy females & males of 18 to 25 years of age. Informed consent was taken. Their PEFR was measured with the help of mini Wrights Peak Flow Meter. Three PEFR readings were taken from each individual and the best of the three readings was considered. Subjects were categorized into groups based on their differences in height, weight and BMI. The variations of PEFR with respect to height, weight and BMI were determined separately. Unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation was used for analysis. Results: The values of PEFR obtained in this study were within the normal range. The mean values of height, weight, BMI and PEFR were higher for males than females. There is also positive anthropometric association with PEFR. Conclusion: It was concluded that PEFR shows positive correlation with anthropometric determinants like height, weight and BMI.

Number Issue 10, 2015

1-4
Study of Serum Homocysteine Status in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis in a Medical College & Hospital of Odisha

Authors: KHAN ANAGHA JYOTI, CHAKRABORTY SOURAV, MODAK SUDIPTA, MAHAPATRA TK, MAHAPATRA RK, DAS KL

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 401

Homocysteine plays a established role in coronary artery disease. It also plays a siginificant role in inflammation and malignancy as studied experimentally. Few have suggested that a relationship might exist between pancreatitis and homocystinuria, possibly due to occlusive vascular disease of the pancreas. As of now, serum homocysteine levels in pancreatic disease have not been studied effectively. We aimed to analyze the homocysteine status in patients with acute pancreatitis, and the changes of the serum homocysteine level at the acute onset of the disease. 25 acute pancreatitis patients and 25 healthy subjects were studied. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, amylase, lipase, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cells and creatinine were measured in the two groups of subjects. Levels of homocysteine were significantly increased in patients with acute pancreatitis along with increase in levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, WBC counts, amylase, lipase, and C-reactive protein. Also reduced creatinine clearance was also noted in these patients, however was not statistically significant. Serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations were apparently similar between the two groups of subjects. Hence our study suggests that homocysteine has a role in acute pancreatitis. Increased serum homocysteine levels in acute pancreatitis could be used a marker, as one of the diagnostic criteria for acute pancreatitis. In conclusion, this particular study is showing that patients with acute pancreatitis have higher serum homocysteine levels than healthy subjects.

5-8
Acid base disturbances in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: DR. NARWADE NARAYAN B, DR. BANSODE TUSHAR V

Abstract

View in PDF

Number of views: 456

Aim: To estimate pH, pCO2, pO2, bicarbonate (HCO3─), Lactate levels in arterial blood of controls and diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. Material and Method: 90 subjects above the age of 40 years were participated in the present study, subdivided in Group 1: 30 diabetic subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 as diagnosed by the physician and random plasma glucose < 400 mg/dl. Group 2: 30 diabetic subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 as diagnosed by the physician and random plasma glucose ≥ 400 mg/dl. Control group: 30 non-diabetic subjects. Arterial blood samples were collected from radial artery in a heparinised syringe. Result: Arterial pH was not significantly increased (>0.05) when Controls (7.405 ± 0.044) were compared with Group 1 (7.38 ± 0.09) but significantly increased (< 0.05) when Controls (7.405 ± 0.044) were compared with Group 2 (7.31 ± 0.11) as well as significantly increased (< 0.05) when Group 1 (7.38 ± 0.09) was compared with Group 2 (7.31 ± 0.11). Arterial pCO2 was not significantly increased (>0.05) when Controls (39.56 ± 4.50) were compared with Group 1 (36.13 ± 14.20) but significantly increased (< 0.05) when Controls (39.56 ± 4.50) were compared with Group 2 (31.93 ± 9.50) as well as not significantly increased (> 0.05) when Group 1 (36.13 ± 14.20) was compared with Group 2 (31.93 ± 9.50). Arterial pO2 was not significantly increased (>0.05) when Controls (93.16 ± 5.18) were compared with Group 1 (88.06 ± 7.09) but highly significantly increased (< 0.001) when Controls (93.16 ± 5.18) were compared with Group 2 (81.23 ± 12.96) as well as significantly increased (< 0.05) when Group 1 (88.06 ± 7.09) was compared with Group 2 (81.23 ± 12.96). Plasma HCO3 was not significantly increased (>0.05) when Controls (22.65 ± 1.58) were compared with Group 1 (20.99 ± 6.72) but significantly increased (< 0.05) when Controls (22.65 ± 1.58) were compared with Group 2 (16.95 ± 5.69) as well as significantly increased (<0.05) when Group 1 (20.99 ± 6.72) was compared with Group 2 (16.95 ± 5.69). Serum lactate was not significantly increased (>0.05) when Controls (1.14 ± 0.38) were compared with Group 1 (1.99 ± 1.21) but significantly increased (<0.05) when Controls (1.14 ± 0.38) were compared with Group 2 (2.68 ± 2.56) as well as not significantly increased (> 0.05) when Group 1 (1.99 ± 1.21) was compared with Group 2 (2.68 ± 2.56). Conclusion: Higher degree of hyperglycemia is significantly associated with acid base and electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

2 3 4 5 6 7