INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

1-6

Authors: Syed IS, Joshi DS, Diwan CV

Introduction: Morphology and statistical analysis of femoral anthropometry among different populations reveals a great amount of variation. The morphology of proximal femur is an essential parameter in the design and development of implant. The aim of present study is to remove the lacunae of information about proximal femoral geometry in Indians and evaluate its impact on implant design. Material and Method: 200 adult dry human cadaveric femora of known sex were collected. The Neck Shaft angle, Neck width and Neck length were determined. Result: The mean neck-shaft angle in cadaveric femora in the present study irrespective of gender and side was 132.60°. The mean neck shaft angle in male femora was 132.21° and in female femora was 133.3°. The mean neck length was 37.61 mm in male femora and 34.75 mm in female femora. The mean neck width was 31.54 mm in male femora and 27.20 mm in female femora. The mean neck shaft angle was 133.9° in right femora and 131° in left femora. The mean neck length was 35.80 mm in right femora and 37.53 mm in left femora. The mean neck width was 30.13 mm in right femora and 29.85 in left femora. The mean Neck length in both male and female femora on both right and left sides showed significant positive correlation with the Neck width. Conclusion: This study will help the orthopedic surgeons and biomechanical engineers to design implants and restore normal anatomy of femur in Indian Population.

1-4

Authors: Shingare AK, Masram NB, Dhapate SS

INTRODUCTION: Sacrum is a large triangular bone forming the posterosuperior wall of the pelvic cavity wedged between the two innominate bones. It is formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae and forms the caudal end of the vertebral column. Anatomists and anthropologists since long acknowledged the importance of sacrum in identifying the sex of a deceased person. Sexual dimorphic characters can be studied both morphologically and metrically. MATERIALS & METHODS: The present study was performed at Department of Anatomy, S.R.T.R.Government Medical College, Ambajogai, Maharashtra on 50 (25 male and 25 female) adult human sacrum of known sex. Equipments used were Sliding vernier caliper, divider and steel measuring scale. Parameters studied were Maximum length of sacrum, Maximum breadth of sacrum, Sacral index. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine sexual dimorphism of adult sacrum, to evaluate the most significant parameter in sexual dimorphism and also to compare and contrast the result of present study with previous studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ventral straight length and sacral index was found to be highly significant with a p value of <0.0001. Maximum breadth was found to be not significant with a p value of <0.0566. From the present study we find out similarities and differences in the metrical values of different sacral parameters in males and females and also highlighted the best parameter which can be used for sexual dimorphism of sacrum.

1-5

Authors: Maryenko NI, Stepanenko OY

The aim of the present study was to determine morphological variations in the lobules IV-V of the human cerebellar hemispheres. Material and methods. The research involved cerebella of 100 people of both sexes, who died of causes unrelated to brain pathology at the age of 20-95. The parasagittal sections of the cerebellum were investigated. Possible variations in the size, shape and peculiarities of branching of the white matter in the lobules IV-V of the cerebellar hemispheres were investigated. Results. Complex branched white matter is the basis of the IV-V lobules of human cerebellar hemispheres. The shape of the IV-V lobules is quite varied. Differences of the structure of these lobules depend on the characteristics of the branching of the white matter. The shape of the lobule depends on location of the section. Structure of the lobules is different on serial parasagittal sections. We described 2 variants of branching of the white matter of the hemispheric lobules IV-V at a distance 5 mm from midsagittal section (the 2nd variant is the most common) and 10 common variants of the shape of IV-V lobules (10 mm from midsagittal section); the third variant is the most common variant of the lobule IV; the first, second, and third variants are the most common shape variants of the lobule V. Conclusion. Described variants of the shape of the cerebellar lobules can be used as criteria standards of modern diagnostic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of various diseases of the CNS.

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Authors: Sayed DM, Amin SN, Yassa HD, Rashed LA,Tablawy N, Elattar S

Aims/hypothesis: There is evidence that suggest a protective role of vitamin D in Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our study was designed to compare the role of vitamin D and metformin on DCM in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Sixty male rats divided into five groups; control, diabetic, diabetic + metformin, diabetic + vitamin D, diabetic + metformin and vitamin D. Echocardiographic measurement of systolic and diastolic functions was performed. Blood samples analysed for serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, Ca2+, Brain natriuretic peptide and procollagen III. Gene expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), Beclin I and SERCA 2 in cardiac tissue and histopathological examination were performed. Results: Diabetic rats developed DCM with a significant decrease in VDR, beclin I and SERCAII gene expression in cardiac tissues of diabetic rats was recorded. Treatment with metformin, vitamin D or both improved the cardiac functions, glycemic control, and lipid metabolism and increased the expression of SERCA2, Beclin 1 and VDR. Histopathological examination showed collagen fibers deposition in hearts of diabetic rats that was decreased by treatment with metformin, vitamin D or both. Conclusion: Vitamin D or metformin administration in combination to type 2 diabetic rats resulted in synergistic action as regard most of measured parameters.

1-5

Authors: Dr Sunhare N, Dr Mishra A

Aims and Objectives: Lamivudine is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in pregnant females infected with hepatitis B or HIV virus to prevent maternal to child transmission. The present study is aimed to observe the toxic effects of Lamivudine on liver in growing embryo. Material and Methods: Lamivudine was given to pregnant Swiss Albino mice by oral gavage in doses of 18mg/kg b.w and 30mg/kg b.w from 6-15th day of gestation. The control mice were fed distilled water by the same route on the same gestational days. The pregnant mice were sacrificed on 18th day of gestation by cervical dislocation and livers were dissected out from the foetuses, observed for any gross malformation and then processed for histological study. Result: In the gross examination of liver, there was a reduction in size and presence of haemmorhagic patches on the liver. On histological examination, the treated liver was found to show degeneration of hepatoblasts, resulting in large vacuolar spaces, and damaged sinusoids. Conclusion: Lamivudine causes toxic changes in foetal liver and should thus be used judiciously in pregnant females.

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Authors: PRIYA P ROY, KUMAR SAI SAILESH

The present study was undertaken to assess utilization and viability of equipments in basic medical sciences. The present study was a descriptive study, conducted at basic medical sciences departments after obtaining approval from institutional ethical committee. Data collection methods include observation to get an idea about usage of equipment and semi structured interview to gather information about equipments. In each of the basic sciences departments the costliest equipment’s were selected for the study purpose. This equipment includes Poly Ryte, Stereotaxic in physiology, centrifuges, autoclave, spectrophotometers in Biochemistry, Microscopes in Anatomy. Our study presents utilization coefficient of different costly equipments in three basic medical sciences departments. We recommend further detailed studies including all equipments