INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Number Issue 12, 2016

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Calcium Signalling In Neurons

Authors: Pandey AK

Abstract

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Number of views: 324

Specialization of cell systems in organism is accompanied with increased role of intracellular signal systems which direct and co-ordinate organized multicellular responses to realize a particular physiological function. Higher organisms possess multiple specialized signalling systems that recognize environmental signals and transform them into intracellular signals. The information meets transduction to appropriate functional elements, perhaps programmed genetically to respond, adapt or suffer derangement. Most of such signalling systems use calcium as second messenger. Calcium mediated signal transduction has acquired complexity through evolution, timing to improve signalling pathways and to establish new communications. Signalling drives excitability and propagation of nervous action potential, and its disruption is responsible for several diseases, including toxic impacts. The significance of Ca2+ signalling in living systems is testified by evolved Ca2+ channel toxins in various animal venoms. Calcium influx from the exterior and calcium release intra-cellularly forms distinct facets for investigation in effects of chemicals and drugs. Most calcium channels contain multiple binding sites for agonists and antagonists. Transduction function of calcium channels accords them high biological, particularly neuro-physiological, significance across space and time of understanding and applications. This article attempts to cover facets of neuronal calcium signalling.

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Effect Of Hemodialysis On Lung Function In Chronic Renal Failure Patients A Longitudinal Study

Authors: Selvarani C, Pradeepa M

Abstract

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Number of views: 300

Background and Introduction: The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries are chronic diseases. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one among the chronic diseases leading to a decreased quality of life. Chronic renal failure may eventually affect every system in the body including lungs due to acid-base imbalance. So this study was aimed to assess the pulmonary functions and also to study the effects of hemodialysis on lung function in chronic renal failure patients. Materials & Methods: 30 chronic renal failure patients in the age group of 45-60 years were selected for study group. The lung functions (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75%) were carried out in these patients in predialysis and postdialysis period of 1day, 1week, 1month, 2months and 3months using spirometry. Cross sectional study was done. Results: The lung functions including VC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25-75% were significantly reduced in CRF patients but with regular hemodialysis for three months the values improved significantly(p value <0.05) but the values did not reach the level of the control group except FEV1%. The lung functions were significantly reduced in females when compared to males. Conclusion: The lung function parameters were significantly reduced in CRF patients who improved significantly after regular hemodialysis but were lower than the normal subjects.

Number Issue 11, 2016

No articles found.

Number Issue 10, 2016

1-2
Does only glucose is responsible for color in Benedict’s semi quantitative test

Authors: Kumar P, Satpute S

Abstract

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Number of views: 397

In undergraduate (MBBS) medical biochemistry practical examination for semi-quantitative estimation of urinary glucose by Benedict’s semi-quantitative test, pure glucose solution in distilled water of different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) are given to students. But each sample gave brick red color instead of expected green, yellow, orange and brick red color.

Number Issue 1, 2016

1-5
Evaluation of Hand Anthropometric Measurements and Grip Strength in Healthy Kitchens Workers

Authors: Gajbhiye V, Jiwane R, Choudhary AK

Abstract

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Number of views: 404

Hands are important tool to perform various works. Strength of hand is measure by hand grip strength which determines physical health and muscle function of an individual. Sixty female workers of 25-45 years of age working in the kitchen of People’s hospital, hostels were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups according to their nature of work .Study group-Group I (n=30) and Control group-Group II (n=30). Hand width, hand length, palmar length, palmar width, and 3rd digit length were measured following standard techniques. From these hand-anthropometric variables i.e. the shape index, digit index, 2D:4D ratio, palmar length/width ratio and right handgrip strength (kg) were calculated. The palmar length, palmar width, palmer length/palmar width ratio and 2D/4D ratio was similar among all control group females and study group female workers. However, hand length, hand width, digit index and shape index showed significant variation in study group when compare to control group. Hand grip strength of the study group is more as compare to control group. Also there is significant positive correlation between right shape index and right hand grip strength [r(58)=0.85; P=0.01] and between left shape index and left hand grip strength [r(58)=0.90; P=0.01] in the study group female workers. Study group female workers show significant variation in hand anthropometry and have significantly high hand grip strength.

Number Issue 9, 2015

1-3
Cadaveric Study of Posterior Cerebral Artery

Authors: DR. HASHMI INTKHAB C, DR. JADHAV SHAILENDRA S

Abstract

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Number of views: 453

Posterior cerebral artery is terminal branch of the basilar artery and one of the impotent arteries of posterior circulation of the brain. Development of the arteries of posterior circulation is complex event leads to morphological variability in the arteries in post natal life. Posterior cerebral artery also shows three types of variations which are adult type, fetal type and transitional type. Present study was done to know the incidence of these variations. 31 specimens show bilateral adult type and 2 specimens shows bilateral fetal type. In remaining 7 specimens, 2 specimens show adult type on right side and fetal type on left side, 3 specimens shows fetal type on right and adult type on left side, 1 specimen show fetal type on right and transitional type on left side, while another 1 specimen shows transitional type on right and adult type on left side. Knowledge of this variability is required in neurosurgeons especially while performing neuroendoscopic procedures since the arterial network is very delicate in the region.

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Study of Supratrochlear Foramen of Humerus

Authors: DR. DHANALAKSHMI V, DR. SANTHI B, DR. MANOHARAN C, DR. FLORA JUANITA E

Abstract

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Number of views: 472

Background: The thin plate between olecranon and coronoid fossa is sometimes perforated forming supra trochlear or inter condyloid foramen. This study is conducted to observe the morphology and to analyze the incidence of the Supratrochlear foramen (STF) in human humeri as it is more common in prehistoric bones and in lower races and is also clinically significant. Methods and Materials: The study was carried out on 160 dried humeri (76 right and 84 left) from the Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Thoothukudi, Tamilnadu. Size and shape of the foramen were noted and its distance from epicondyle was measured. Intramedullary canal diameter was measured from the X-ray of the humeri with supratrochlear foramen. Observation: Out of 160 bones studied, STF was found in 55 humeri with incidence of 34.4%. The shape of the foramen varied from oval to round. The mean transverse diameter on right and left were 6.18mm and 6.97mm respectively. The mean vertical diameters were 4.5mm on right and 4.63mm on left side. The mean distance from medial epicondyle was 25.3mm on right and 24.24mm on left side and from lateral epicondyle was 26.23 mm on right and 25.3mm on left side. Translucency of bony septum was observed in 56 humeri. Humerus with multiple perforations in coronoid fossa was also observed. 41.8% of humeri with STF showed narrow medullary canal. STF may mimic an osteolytic lesion in plain radiographs. Septal aperture can be associated with narrow canal diameter. Unusual fractures can occur in the presence of supratrochlear foramen. Conclusion: Anatomical knowledge of STF will be beneficial to orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and anthropologists.

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