IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology

9-20

Authors: AKSHATA JAIN N, UDAYASHANKARA T. H & LOKESH K. S

Heavy metal pollution in soil has become concerned environmental problem in KGF. Thus an extensive survey has been conducted to determine and map the concentration and distribution status of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, NI, Pb, Zn, Fe, As, CN, Mn) in the soil samples collected from KGF. A total of 10 soil samples were collected and analyzed for major heavy metals. The presences of heavy metals which are the indicators of pollution in the soil were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Though many varieties are there to represent the soil contamination, a simple direct method is adopted in showing the distribution pattern of heavy metals in soil. The result obtained from the ICP and its direct distribution pattern showed excess presence of heavy metals which exceeded the tolerance limit given by WHO. All the heavy metals were widely spread and showed their presence in soil is mainly because of mining and mine dumplings at the study site. The single pollution factor index (SPFI) analyzed showed the average SPFI values of all the heavy metals (As, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn) except Iron and Chromium were much higher than 1 indicating excess pollution and were in the decreasing order of Arsenic > Copper> Nickel> Lead> Zinc> Manganese> Chromium> Iron. The Nemerow pollution indices of heavy metals (PIN) also varied significantly for the soils of different Stations. Copper, Nickel, Arsenic, lead and Zinc are majority indicators of heavy pollution level having PIN values as 225.22, 35.87, 21.31, 8.29, 5.47 respectively followed by Magnesium, Chromium and Iron with Nemerow pollution indices as 1.67, 1.12 and 0.148 showing light pollution and clean level respectively. All the heavy metals in soil except Iron do not remain a safe level for human being consumption.

27-42

Authors: N. Kamatchi & D. Saravanan

ABSTRACT In this paper, flexible open shop scheduling problem using modified discrete firefly algorithm(MFOSSP-DFA) is studied in the case of optimizing different contradictory objectives consisting of (i) make span (ii) maximal machine workload (iii) total workload (iv) machine idle time (v) total tardiness. The main constraints of this scheduling problem are that each operation has to be processed without preemptive by exactly only one machine at one stage (i.e) no ordering constraints on operations. It is very difficult to adopt the situations where the undertakings making up an occupation can be performed in any request. Despite the fact that it is unrealistic to convey out more than one task at any particular time. It is non polynomial- hard problem. So its complexity is more. Because of its high complexity many researchers found difficult to solve using classical optimization methods. In this study, firefly algorithm is embraced to take care of the issue in which the machine task and operation arrangement are handled by constructing a correct conversion of the continuous functions as attractiveness, distance and movement into new discrete functions. Benchmark problems are used to evaluate and study the performance of the firefly algorithm. The final result shows that the firefly algorithm produced better results than other author’s algorithm

5-14

Authors: A PATH TOWARDS NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS

The environment is one of the most basic public assets of a human system, and it must be therefore specially protected. Sustainable development is understood as a development that does not damage the ecological or social systems on which it depends, but it approves ecological limitation under the economic activity frame and it has full comprehension for support of human needs. This paper explores the ways to deliver highly efficient buildings whose reduced energy demand is satisfied by clean, renewable energy. Building off of the broader concept of a green or sustainable building, the concept of the “net zero building” focuses on the energy dynamics and performance of the building. And as policymakers and leaders align toward the net zero concepts, the focus on achieving deep energy efficiency has centered on integrated technologies as well as ways to connect buildings to the natural environment. The paper addresses the importance of sustainable design by reducing or completely avoiding depletion of critical resources like energy, water, and raw materials and prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and infrastructure throughout their life cycle to make the built environments livable, comfortable, safe, and productive. Buildings use resources (energy, water, raw materials, and etc.), generate waste (occupant, construction and demolition), and emit potentially harmful atmospheric emissions. This is a unique challenge for Building owners, designers, and builders face to meet demands for new and renovated facilities that are accessible, secure, healthy, and productive. The impact on society, the environment, and the economy has to be minimized. The paper concludes with recommendations to find ways to reduce energy load, increase efficiency, and maximize the use of renewable energy sources in federal facilities. Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is important to increasing our energy independence.Net zero energy buildings is a way to significantly reduce our dependence on fossil fuel-derived energy.

5-12

Authors: C Ruth, M. Tagore Naik&M Ramaiah

Chilli, is an important spice and vegetable crop of India. Field trials were conducted to determine the bio efficacy of Novaluron 5.25% + Emamectin benzoate 0.9% SC against Chilli fruit borers. Experimental findings indicate that foliar sprays with Novaluron 5.25% + Emamectin benzoate 0.9% SC combination effectively controlled Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura in chilli. No phytotoxic effect or symptoms were observed, with any of the treatment on chilli crop and also, there was no effect on non-target organisms. It is evident from the present investigation that, Novaluron 5.25 % + Emamectin benzoate 0.9% SC was effective against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura @ 875 & 925 ml/ha is recommended for use. The treatment of Novaluron 5.25% + Emamectin benzoate 0.9% SC @ 875 ml/ha exhibited the highest cost benefit ratio (1: 4.97) during experiment.

15-20

Authors: Thuraya Mansoor Ibrahim

Ac conductivity in the frequency range of 5×103 to5×103 Hz of Phthalocyaninato Aluminum Chloride (PcAlCl) was measured, which consists of frequency dependent and independent parts. The Dc conductivity is attributed to the charge carrier’s transition, between valance and conduction bands, while the Ac conductivity is due to hopping of charge carriers, between the localized sites around Femi level which is an indication of degree of imperfection around Fermi level in the crystal lattice.The number of the hopping sites were estimated, using Webb and William relation 4.7×1020eV-1cm-3.

25-34

Authors: M. Naveen Kumar Sriram Venkatesh & M. Manzoor Hussain

In the present research paper, a 3D CAD model is created using CATIA V5 and exported to Rapid Prototyping machine and, by using Magics software; the facets are removed and sliced into layers. The model is build by layer, with polyamide PA2200 in powder form and sintered by co2 laser. Total of nine (9) Experiments were conducted using taughi design of experiments L9 orthogonal array approach. In present study, by optimizing the processes parameters laser power, Layer thickness and Temperature at three levels each factor and found to be maximum influence, on concentricity are Layer thickness at level 2, Laser Power at level 3 and last temperature at level 2 is +/- 0.030 microns. Main effects of Plots of Analysis of Mean, S/N Ratio single-to-noise with quality index smaller-the-better, regression Analysis and Predicted model are same.

41-46

Authors: Abhishek David John, M. Chithra & V. Jayanthi

With the backdrop of globalization English has become the most widely spoken and accepted language, worldwide. It has also crept into the fields of science and technology and therefore, indispensable for the students pursuing these fields. For engineering students it has off late become very essential to be proficient in English as most corporate and multinational companies have English as their medium of conversation and instruction. The employers also feel that this skill of communicating in English is essential as their job portfolio involves interacting with foreign clients who are only familiar with English. As a measure to ensure students settle down with a secured career, colleges have incorporated English courses which focuses on developing LSRW skills. This article throws light on the importance of LSRW skills for an engineering student, the various aspects involved and steps to improve these skills thereby enabling students to excel in communication in English.

5-12

Authors: MANENDRA PRATAP VERMA

The crop water requirement defers the quantity of water needed to meet the water losses through evapo-transpiration, potential evapo-transpiration, disease free under non-restricting soil conditions. The basic requirement of water is function of the soil moisture deficits as influenced by evapo-transpiration and soil and plant characteristics. Keeping this in view an experiment has been conducted to estimate the evapo-transpiration, potential evaporation and aridity index for the region of Faizabad distt. of Uttar Pradesh. Due to uneven and inadequate distribution pattern of rainfall in district, there is a need to computing the water deficit for planning of supplemental irrigation through which frequent failure of crops can be controlled, along-with to increase the water use efficiency under limited resources. The climatic data of 10 years (i.e. from 1999-2009) were recorded and analyzed by Thornthwait (1948) method to compute ets the water defit. On the basis of data analyzed the result revealed that the average potential evapo-transpiration, evapo-transpiration, water deficit and aridity index were found to be 1572.60 mm, 24.74 mm, 8.08 cm, and 0.82 respectively