Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

81 - 87

Authors: Nanung Danar Dono

This research was done within 42 days to investigate the effect of diet supplemented by garlic (Allium sativum) and white turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) meals on physical and chemical quality of broiler meat. The number of 90 broiler DOC were used in this study. They were randomly allocated into 18 unit of cages. During the study, the chicken were given 6 feeding treatments, i.e.: R-0 (98.0% base diet + 2.0% filler; as control diet), RB-1 (98.0% base diet + 1.0% garlic meal + 1.0% filler), RB-2 (98.0% base diet + 2.0% garlic meal), RT-1 (98.0% base diet + 1.0% white turmeric meal + 1.0% filler), RT-2 (98.0% base diet + 2.0% white turmeric meal), and RB1T1 (98.0% base diet + 1.0% garlic meal + 1.0% white turmeric meal). The base diet was composed of: yellow corn, soybean meal, fish meal, rice polishing meal, sorghum, poultry meat meal, mineral mix, and was design to contain 17.5% crude protein and metabolizable energy 2,900 kcal/kg. Variables observed were: physical appearance (slaughter weight, non-feather weight, carcass weight), physical quality (pH, water holding capacity, cooking lose, tenderness), and cholesterol content (breast meat and blood cholesterol). All data were statistically analyzed by the Oneway of ANOVA and followed by the DMRT for significant results. Results showed that 1.0 - 2.0% garlic meal and 1.0 - 2.0% white turmeric meal supplementation reduced: breast meat cholesterol (P < 0.05), cooking lose (P < 0.05), and increased: pH (P < 0.01), and water holding capacity (P < 0.01) and improved tenderness (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 2% garlic meal and white turmeric meal didn’t affect slaughter weight, non-feather weight, carcass weight, nor blood cholesterol. Key Kords: Physical And Chemical Quality, Broiler’s Meat, Garlic, White Turmeric

97 - 104

Authors: Amlius Thalib, Yeni Widiawati, Budi Haryanto

A research to improve livestock productivity and lower enteric methane production on ruminant was conducted by manipulation approach on rumen system using a complete rumen modifier (CRM). An in vivo experiment was carried out using twenty four sheep ( mean weight 18 kg) which were distributed into 3 treatment groups of feed additive: I. control ( without treatment: K); II: K + CRM-LG; III: K + CRM-EL. Diet given consisted of fermented rice straw (ad libitum) + concentrate containing 16 % protein (400 g/head/day), and drinking water was given ad libitum. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks based on completely randomized design. By the end of the experiment, animals were placed in the metabolism cages for 2 weeks (ie. 1 week for adaptation and 1 week for data collection). Rumen liquid of each treated animal was taken for the measurement of rumen characteristics. Parameter measuremed were: total gas production; gas composition of CO2 and CH4; in vitro DMD; NH3 and VFA contents; pH; bacterial and protozoal counts; consumption/ DMI; in vivo DMD; ADG and FCR. The results showed that productivity of sheep was improved by CRM treatments followed by lowered enteric methane production. The ADG values of CRM treatments (71.4 to 73.5 g) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control (50 g). The improvement of average daily gain was followed by a better feed conversion (P < 0.05) (ie. 10.6 vs. 12.8). The CRM treatments lowered the percentage of CH4 by 24% compared to Control (P < 0.05). The total and composition of VFA of CRM-treated rumen liquor were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to that of rumen liquor of Control (ie. the total VFA: 85.3 vs 73.5 mM and the percentage of acetic acid: 67.8 vs 60.3%). It is concluded that CRM treatment resulted in positive effects on growth of ruminant fed high fibrous forages such as rice straw and could lower enteric methane production. Key Words: Rumen Modifier, Productivity, Enteric Methane, Sheep, Rice Straw

118 - 123

Authors: I Nyoman Suarsana, B.P Priosoeryanto, M Bintang, T Wresdiyati

Diabetes is marked by elevated levels of blood glucose, and progressive changes of the structure of pancreatic islet histopathology. The objective of this research was to analyse the glucose level and histophatological feature in pancreatic islet in alloxan compound induced rats. A total of ten male Spraque Dawley rats of 2 months old were used in this study. The rats were divided into two groups: (1) negative control group (K-), and (2) positif induced alloxan group (diabetic group =DM). The rats were induced by a single dose intraperitonial injection of alloxan compound 120 mg/kg of body weight. The treatment was conducted for 28 days. Blood glucose levels of rats were analysed at 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days following treatment. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Pancreas was collected for analysis of histopathological study by Immunohistochemical technique, and ultrastructural study using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The result showed that Langerhans islet of diabetic rat (rat of DM group) showed a marked reduction of size, number of Langerhans islet of diabetic rat decrease, and characterized by hyperglycemic condition. By using TEM, beta cells of DM group showed the rupture of mitochondrial membrane, the lost of cisternal structure of inner membrane of mitocondria, reduction of insulin secretory granules, linkage between cells acinar with free Langerhans islet, and the caryopicnotic of nucleus. Key words: Alloxan, Beta Cells, Rat, Blood Glucose, Immunohistochemistry

131 - 137

Authors: Bram Brahmantiyo, Y.C Raharjo, H Martojo, S.S Mansjoer

Rabbit productivity in intensive management to be evaluated considering development in the rabbit farming were rapidly increased. Rex, Satin and their crossbred (Reza) rabbits have been developed in Research Institute for Animal Production and productivity information of each breed can be used as basis for policy or model of cultivation and breeding in the community. Research conducted by evaluating the productivity of growth, carcass and the carcass proportion of the three strains of rabbit. Rex and satin growth were no different, and Reza was higher at 12-14 weeks of age. Carcass production comes from cutting the rabbit at the age of six months, this trait is strongly influenced by the weight of rabbits, and Reza gives the lowest performance compared to Rex and Satin. Rex, Satin and Reza were medium type rabbits with dual-purpose product (fur and meat). These rabbits showed the child's growth is good enough, to adapt the environment temperature and high food and have adequate carcass production. Key Words: Rabbit, Rex, Satin, Reza, Growth, Carcass

147 - 156

Authors: Adin Priadi, Lily Natalia, Rahmat S. Adji

Ánthrax is an endemic zoonotic disease distributed in many parts of Indonesia. Although vaccination program has been implemented in many areas, cases are still frequently reported. Farmers are reluctant to vaccinate their livestock since spore vaccine used in the field often cause side effects and death of the animals. To overcome this problem, an inactive vaccine composes of Bacillus anthracis toxins, cell wall and capsule subunits was developed. B. anthracis Sterne strain (34F2) was selected to produce toxins and cell walls. Local Bacillus anthracis isolated from Citaringgul was used to produce capsule as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) revealed that this isolate poses cap gene encoding for capsule. Two vaccines compose of 15 μg toxoid, 30 μg of capsule, 15 μg of cell wall and 30 μg toxoid, 60 μg of capsule, 15 μg of cell walls were designated as vaccine I and vaccine II respectively. For each experiment, 10 mice were nasally immunized by placing 5 μl of vaccine into each nare 3 times at 2-week intervals. A group of 10 mice were unvaccinated and used as control. Blood was collected fortnightly to monitor antibody responses. All mice were challenged with 2 x 105 B. anthracis Sterne spores injected subcutaneously two weeks after the last vaccination. Two weeks after vaccination of antibodies to B. anthracis toxin, capsule and cell wall were detected in dot-blot assay. Mice that were immunised intranasally with chitosan adjuvanted vaccine developed high IgG responses in sera as detected by ELISA, and the response was dose dependent. Vaccine II gave better response than vaccine I. Vaccine I and II protected mice from challenge at a rate of 60 and 80% respectively. This results showed that intranasal B. anthracis vaccine composes of toxin, capsule and cell wall with chitosan as an adjuvant gave a good protection against B. anthracis Sterne spores challenge in mice. Key Words: Inactive Intranasal Ántrax Vaccine, Protection, Bacillus anthracis, Mice

1 - 8

Authors: D Yulistiani, W Puastuti, I.W Mathius

The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen degradability of soy bean meal when it was mixed with banana stem juice and was subsequently heated. Banana stem juice was used as source of tanin to protect protein in soy bean meal from degradation in the rumen. The banana stem juice (in volume) was mixed with soy bean meal at three ratio, which were 1 : 1, 1:2 and 1 : 3 (w/v). These mixing was then heated at 60oC and 90oC. The heating was done in an oven. Sample from each treatment was then filled into polyester bag with porosity of 45 mm and the size of 5 x 9 cm. The bags were incubated in the rumen of fistulated sheep for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The experiment was carried out in factorial 3 x 2, with three levels of banana stem juice and 2 levels of heating and was arranged in completely randomized design. Untreated soy bean meal was also incubated used as control. Degradation data of dry matter and crude protein at each incubation time was fitted into exponential equation, P = a + b (1 - ect). Results shows that there was a significant interaction factor of stem juice ratio and heating on water soluble substrate (constant A) where heating at 90oC with ratio 1 : 2 (w/v) resulted in the highest a. The insoluble but fermentable substrate (B) was decreased by the increasing concentration of banana stem juice, while the rate of protein degradation of b fraction was lower compared to control. In conclusion, banana stem juice can reduce the rate of degradation of soy bean meal in the rumen. Key words: Degradation, Crude Protein, Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice

16 - 21

Authors: Maskur ., Chairussyuhur Arman

Fat tail sheep (FTS) is regarded as highly prolific local sheep and have been well adapted under tropical climate of Lombok island. BMPR-1B and BMP15 genes that controll reproductive traits such as ovulation rate and litter size in different type of sheep will be studied as candidate genes for prolific traits in FTS. These genes have been reported by various investigators have different prolificacy mechanism between several breeds of sheep, and it is very likely will occur in FTS. This study was designed to understand different prolificacy mechanism that occurred among breed of sheep. One hundred and forty FTS potential for twin and triplet scattered in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province were screened to identify mutation of BMPR-1B and BMP15 genes using Forced PCR-RFLP method. Furthermore, the frequency of allel and genotype caused by mutation was measured in each gene. Results of the study indicated that mutation of FecXG at BMP15 gene resulted in two alleles, namely “wild-type”(+) Allel was 111 bp and 30 bp, and mutan allel (G) was 141 bp with frequency of 0.675 and 0.325. The combination of allel at BMP15 gen resulted in two genotipes, namely: ++ (111 bp/111 bp) and G+ (141 bp/111 bp) with frequency of 0.35 dan 0.65 in FTS. Mutation of FecB at BMPR-1B gen resulted in two allel, namely “wild-type”(+) Allel was 140 bp, and mutan allel (B) was 110 and 30 bp with frequency of 0.718 and 0.282. The combination of allel at BMPR-1B gen resulted in three genotipes, namely: BB (110 bp/110 bp), B+ (110 bp/140 bp), and ++ (140 bp/140 bp), its frequency was 0.11, 0.35 and 0.54 in FTS, respectively. Key words: Mutation, BMPR-1B, BMP15, Fat Tailed, Sheep

31 - 39

Authors: Andi Saenab, Erika B. Laconi, Yuli Retnani, M. Sayuti Mas’ud

This research was done to evaluate the physical characteristic and chemical quality of the complete ration in pellet form that contain shrimp by-product. The evaluation was done on several variables namely: moisture content, water activity, particle size, average collision endurance, friction endurance and angle of repose. Data obtained was analyzed based on Completely randomized design. The treatment was: R0 (complete ration without shrimps by-product), R1 (complete ration with 10% shrimps by-product), R2 (complete ration with 20% shrimps by-product) and R3 (complete ration with 30% shrimps by-product). The results showed that physical characteristic of the complete ration pellet that contain 20% shrimps by-product had the lowest moisture (13.07%) and the water activity (0.45). Based on the research, it is concluded that the best level of shrimp by-product in the complete ration was 20%. Key words: By-Product, Pellet, Digestibility, Sheep

47 - 55

Authors: Maijon Purba, E.B Laconi, P.P Ketaren, C.H Wijaya, P.S Hardjosworo

Fishy odor is one of off odor attributes local duck meat. Off odor reduces consumer preference on duck meat. This experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of fish meal levels and antioxidant in diets on the off odor intensity and fatty acid composition of local duck meat. The experiment was designed based on 2x3factorial experiment. The first factor was two fish meal level: low (TIR) and high (TIT), and second factor was three antioxidant level: none, 150 ppm santoquin (Sq) + 400 IU vitamin E (VE), and 400 IU vitamin E (VE) + 250 mg vitamin C (VC)/kg diet. One hundred and twenty MA (Mojosari♂ x Alabio♀) day old male duck were allocated into six treatments: (1) TIR, (2) TIR + 150 ppm Sq + 400 IU VE, (3) TIR + 400 IU VE + 250 mg VC (4) TIT, (5) TIT + 150 ppm Sq + 400 IU VE, and (6) TIT + 400 IU VE + 250 mg VC. Off odor intensity on raw and boiled meat, and fatty acid composition in boiled duck meat were used as parameters. The result indicated that fish meal levels did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the off odor intensity in raw and boiled meat. However, antioxidants supplementation significantly (P<0.05) reduced off odor intensity in both raw and boiled meat. Antioxidants supplementation in diet prevented the unsaturated fatty acids from lipid oxidation in boiled meat. This experiment suggests that supplementation of 150 ppm santoquin + 400 IU vitamin E or 400 IU vitamin E + 250 mg vitamin C to the duck diets were effective in reducing off odor and hence increased the sensory quality of duck meat. Key words: Local Duck, Antioxidants, Fish Meal, Fatty Acids, Quality Sensory

63 - 71

Authors: T Haryati, P.A Marbun, T Purwadaria

Utilization of by-product from agriculture as alternative source of feedstuff has been widely practiced. However their usage is limited due to high fiber content and low nutrient digestibility. The use of specific hydrolizing enzymes, xylanases are gaining importance because of their wide application in various industrial sectors especially in bioconversion of hemicellulosic material. This experiment was done to evaluate the effect of cation addition and immobilization of enzyme into pollard on stability of B. pumilus xylanase. The enzyme extract was purified by precipitation with 75% ammonium sulphate. Four kinds of cation (Ca2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Zn2+) were added to the purified enzyme, at concentration of 1m M and stored at 4 and 27˚C. For immobilization process, the optimum enzyme concentration that will be added to pollard has been evaluated by analysis of xylanase activity and their recovery. The specific activity of enzyme after precipitation increased 1.8 times, from 420.3 to 765.2 U/mg protein. All cations act as activator which relative activity become 130.6; 139.0; 103.8 and 163.5% respectively. Concentration of 0.5mM Ca2+ and Fe3+ were most able to keep xylanases activity stable at 4˚C. The optimum composition of enzymes and pollard was 1.5 ml for 5 gram of pollard with recovery of xylanases activity of 82.2%. In immobilized enzyme, the activity of enzyme without cation addition is higher than that with addition of Ca2+ and Fe3+. Activity of enzyme stored at 4˚C is more stable than that at 27˚C. Immobilized enzyme is more stable for storage, which lasted for 7 weeks at 27˚C and 12 weeks at 4˚C compared to liquid enzyme which lasted for only 7 days at 27˚C and 13 days at 4˚C. Key words: Xylanase, Bacillus pumilus PU4-2, Preservation, Imobilization, Cation

253 - 261

Authors: Y. Widiawati

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pineapple waste substitution to mixed basal diet of Elephant grass and calliandra on rumen ecosystem. Pineapple waste was substituted to basal of Elephant grass and calliandra leaves (3:2) at the level of 0% (RA); 10% (RB); 20% (RC); 30% (RD); 40% (RE) and 50% (RF). In this experiment 24 Indonesian local male sheep (9-10 months old, 15.3 kg average body weight) were used, and were divided into 6 groups of dietary treatment (4 sheep each). Every group was offered one of the experimental diets (RA to RF) in a Completely Randomized Design. Pineapple waste was offered gradually for one month until the level of 50% (RF) was reached. The animals were adapted to experimental diets for about 14 days prior to the data collection period. Rumen fluids from each animal was taken (5 hours after morning feeding) for pH, ammonia concentration; bacteria and protozoa population analysis. The results showed that substitution of pineapple waste up to 30% had no effect on pH, but when the level was increased up to 40 and 50%, the pH (P<0.01) decreased. Ammonia concentration was similar when 10% of the pineapple waste was included, then it decreased significantly when the waste was given up to 50% (P<0.01). A decrease in bacteria population and an increase in protozoa population happened when the waste given was increased up to 50% but it wasn’t significant (P>0.05). Increasing pineapple waste given increased population of amyllolytic bacteria but decreased the population of cellulolytic bacteria. On the Elephant grass and calliandra basal diet with the proportion of 3 : 2, the best substitution of pineapple waste was up to 20%. Key words: Pineapple Waste, Rumen, Bacteria, Protozoa, Ammonia

270 - 277

Authors: Antonius

The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of fermented rice straw by probion on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency of Simmental cow. This study was carried out based on completely randomized design, with here dietary treatments and four replications for each treatment. The treatments were R1 (JP-15) = 40% elephant grass + 15% untreated rice straw + 45% concentrate; R2 (JPF-15) = 40% elephant grass + 15% fermented rice straw + 45% concentrate; and R3 (JPF-35) = 20% elephant grass + 35% fermented rice straw + 45% concentrate. Concentrate was given at around 08:00 while unfermented/fermented rice straw was given afterward at around 09:00. Chopped elephant grass was given twice a day at 11:00 and 16:00. Water was available through out the day. Observation was done for two months on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency. The results did not show significant differences on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency, except on digestibilities of cellulose and hemicelulose. The digestibilities of cellulose and hemicelulose of treatment R3 was higher than that of R1 and R2. It is concluded that fermented rice straw is suggested to be used as an alternative feed to substitute elephant grass in maintaining feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency of Simmental cow. Key words: Probion, Cow, Rice Straw

284 - 287

Authors: Afnur Imsya, Rizki Paluli

This research was conducted to study the effect of substrat levels and incubation time on changes of mean of: lignin, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of palm frond. This research was done based on completely randomized design with 2 factors as treatments. The first factor was substrate levels ie: 5, 10 and 15 litters, the second factor was incubation times: 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation which resulted in reduction content of lignin. Result of this research showed that treatments gave significantly different influence (P<0.05) on lignin, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of palm frond. The best treatment was 15 litter of substrate with 7 days incubation, resulted in: 9.22 % lignin, 38.56% neutral detergent fiber, and 32.19% acid detergent fiber of palm frond. It is concluded that substrate level and incubation time interaction in biodegumming process decreased the level of lignin, NDF and ADF in palm frond. Key words: Biodegumming, Lignin, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber

295 - 306

Authors: Ismeth Inounu, Erfan ., R.H. Mulyono

It is important to know body measurement because it could be used to estimate body weight as well as to differentiate the chrateristic of body measurement and shape of animal due to different breed or environment. This research was carried out to study morphometric characteristic of body size and body shape from 78 of Garut sheep (GG), 29 HG sheep {crossbred between St. Croix (HH) and Garut sheep (GG)}, 36 MG sheep {crossbred between Mouton Charollais (MM) and Garut sheep (GG)}, 62 MHG sheep (MG x HG) and 38 HMG sheep (HG x MG). Body part measured were wither height (X1), rump height (x2), body length (X3), chest width (X4), chest depth (X5), hip width (X6), chest girth (X7), cannon circumference (X8) and hip length (X9). Data obeserved were analised using t test and Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on PCA it was showen that chest girth was the primary identity for body measurement on males and females of Garut, HG, MG, MHG and HMG with its Eigenvector value 0.689; 0.709; 0.689 and 0.681 respectively. The primary indentity for body shape of Garut sheep were chest girth and hip heigth with Eigenvector value -0.600 and 0.551 respectively. The primary indentity for body shape of HG sheep were body length with Eigenvector value -0.725. The primary indentity for body shape of MG sheep were chest girth, rump heigth, and wither heigth with Eigenvectors value: -0.600; 0.558 and 0.555 respectively. The primary indentity for body shape of MHG sheep was wither height with Eigenvector value 0.608. The primary indentity for body shape of HMG was body length with Eigenvector value 0.764. Body shape of HG and MG sheep is different than that of Garut sheep, but the body shape of MHG and HMG were close to Garut body shape. This result indicated that the adaptability to environment of HMG and MHG is close to that of Garut sheep. Key words: Sheep, Body Size, Body Shape

167 - 176

Authors: Tiurma Pasaribu, A.P. Sinurat, T. Purwadaria, P.P. Ketaren

Solid heavy phase (SHP), a by product material of palm oil factory obtained by ceramic filtration from liquid waste could be used as a feedstuff to replace corn in poultry diet. A series of experiment was carried out to improve nutrient value of the SHP by supplementation of enzymes and amino acids in order to increase the proportion of SHP to substitute corn in layer diet. There are three enzymes i.e.: Balitnak production (BS4), a commercial single enzyme (consist of mannanase) and comercial multienzymes were tested. All the enzymes were mixed with fresh SHP in different dose, dried and ground. The nutrient digestibility of these materials was measured in order to decide the optimum level of each enzyme. Based on this result, a feeding trial was carried out. Experimental diets were formulated to study the effect of substitusion of 25% or 50% corn with dried SHP or enzymes-treated SHP on the performances of the layers. The effect of methionine and lysine supplementation into diets contained high levels of SHP was also studied. Results showed that all enzymes studied could increase the energy (TME) of the SHP. BS4 enzyme and the commercial multienzimes, except single enzyme, also increase the true protein digestibility of the SHP. The optimum dose of each enzyme for each kg dry mater of SHP was 13.3 ml BS4, 2 g single enzyme and 3 g multienzymes. Substitution of 25% corn in layer diet with dried SHP or enzymes-treated SHP did not significantly impair the performances (hen-day egg production and FCR) of layers. However, substitution of 50% corn with SHP + multienzymes or SHP + single enzyme significantly impaired the performances of the layers. Addition of methionine and lysine amino acids restored the performance of the hens fed with SHP + commercial multienzyimes, but not those fed with high levels of SHP + commercial single enzyme. Substitution of 50% corn with SHP + BS4 enzime did not significantly impaire the performance of layers and therefore, addition of amino acids into the diet was not required. Substitution of 25% or 50% corn with dried SHP or enzymes-treated SHP did not affect the egg quality (HU, yolk color index and shell thickness). It is concluded that solid heavy phase (SHP) could be used to substitute 25 to 50% corn in layer diet, especially when the SHP was treated with BS4 enzyme. Key Words: Solid Heavy Phase, Enzymes, Amino Acids, Layer

192 - 199

Authors: Marthen L. Mullik, Bambang Permana

This grazing experiment aimed at assessing effects of providing high quality forage as supplements for Bali cattle grazing native pasture in the wet season. Twenty four Bali heifers with a mean live weight of 85.4±3.8 kg were allotted into four reatments. The treatments were (1) grazing only, (2) grazing + Gliricidia sepium leaf, (3) grazing + Acacia villosa leaf, and (4) grazing + Lannea grandis leaf. The heifers grazed together on a 25 ha Bothriochloa timorensis dominant pasture during the day (0700 h to 1700 h) in wet season, and supplements were provided at night. The supplements were given in accordance to achieve 30% refusal. Total intake was estimated by marker technique (Cr2O3). Live weight was recorded twice a month. Data were subjected to statistical analysis based on general linear model suited to a completely random design. The results showed that growth rate of Bali heifers grazing native pasture during wet season in Timor was low (35 g/d), and providing high quality forages as supplements at night significantly improved LWG by up 205%. Yet, the magnitude of LWG response varies according to type of forage, with the best result achieved by heifers given Gliricidia sepium leaf. Key Words: Bali Cattle, Grazing, Native Pasture, Wet Season, Supplement

208 - 215

Authors: E.T. Setiatin, D. Sajuthi, B. Purwantara, C. Talib

Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) structurally related to aspartic protease, expressed in the outer epithelial cell layer (trophectoderm) of ungulate placenta. Ovine PAG (ovPAG) synthesized by mono- and binucleic trophoblast before complete implantation at Day 14-15. Of this, ovPAG could be used as a marker for early pregnancy. The objective of study was to extract and isolate PAG from placenta of Garut Sheep collected at term and to characterize their molecular weight. The procedures included extraction of protein at neutral pH (cotyledon was thawed, minced, added PBS, blended and centrifuged), acidic (H3PO41M, pH 4,5; centrifuged) and ammonium sulfate (40% and 80% (NH4)SO4, centrifuged) precipitation; gel filtration (Sephadex-G75), anion exchange chromatography (DEAE- cellulose). Cotyledon extract was subjected to Sephadex-G75 and DEAE cellulose, and their fractions were measured their absorbances. Absorbances of Sephadex-G75 and DEAE fractions at peak were assayed for protein concentration (Bichinconinic protein assay). Continuously, these fractions were subjected to monogel SDS-PAGE and stained by Commassie Brilliant Blue. It was four different molecular weights isolating from cotyledon of Garut Sheep, namely 68.8, 36.04, 32.39 and 12.18 kDa. However, after chromatography anion exchange (DEAE-cellulose), only three bands exist, those were 71,67; 33,64 and 30,86 kDa. Key words: Garut sheep, Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG), Cotyledone, SDS-PAGE, DEAE-cellulose

222 - 229

Authors: C. Sumantri, D. Herdiana, A. Farajallah, D. Rahmat

Pituitary-Specific Transcription Factor-1 (Pit-1) is a transcription factor with critical role in the transcriptional regulation of multiple genes in the pituitary. The objective of this research was to identify polymorphism of Pituitary-Specific Transcription Factor-1 (Pit-1) gene at Locus (Pit-1-Hinf1) and to investigate any possible associations of Pit-1 genotypes on dam body weight, milk production and milk quality in local sheep at the Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU), Fact. Anim. Sci. Bogor. Agric. Univ. A total number of 161 blood samples were collected from 3 local sheep, namely Garut from Wanaraja (55 hd), Garut from Margawati (23 hd) and lactating ewes (83 hd) from JASTRU farm in Bogor. Genomic DNAs were extracted by a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, then PCR products were digested with a Hinf1 enzyme restriction. Fragments of Pit-1gene at locus Pit-1-Hinf1 was detected by a silver-staining method. A length of 637 base pairs (bps) of the Pit-1 gene of local sheep was successfully amplified. The Hinf1 restriction enzyme cut the PCR product into three different length of fragments succesively at 345, 137, and 115 bps designated as A allele; whilst B allele had four fragments at 283, 137, 115, and 62 bps respectively. The locus of Pit-1-Hinf1 was polymorphic in local sheep from Jonggol, however it was monomorfic in Garut sheep. The frequencies of A and B alleles were 0,806 and 0,194 respectively. Pit-1 genotypes had no significant effect on dam body weight and milk production. This result is indicating that the use of single locus Pit-1-Hinf1 in Pit-1 gen is less effective to be used as a candidate in selecting dam body weight and milk production in these three local sheep. Key words: Local Sheep, Pit-1 Gene, Polymorphism, Dam, Milk

237 - 243

Authors: Widodo Suwito

Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains are responsible for serious human illnesses. These strains are commonly found in milk. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of verotoxigenic E. coli in milk. A total of 351 milk samples, were collected from dairy farms in Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur. These samples were analyzed for VTEC using biochemical, serological and vero cell cytotoxicity assays. VTEC O157:H7 isolates were found in milk collected from dairy herds in Bogor and Sukabumi at rates 0.47% of 214 samples, 1.10% of 91 samples respectively, and none in Cianjur. Hemolytic E. coli isolates were found in 0.94% of 214 milk samples from Bogor, 2.2% of 91 milk samples from Sukabumi and none from Cianjur. From E. coli isolates, 53 isolates (67.95%) were verotoxigenic, consisted of: two E. coli O157:H7 isolates and 51 non O157:H7 isolates.Therefore this study showed the occurrence of VTEC in milk samples from dairy farms in Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur. Key words: Milk, E. coli (VTEC) O157:H7, Verotoxigenic

83 - 89

Authors: Ema Damayanti, Ahmad Sofyan, Hardi Julendra, Tri Untari

The aim of this research was to study the use of earthworm meal (TCT) L. rubellus as anti pullorum agent in poultry feed additive (IP). The antibacterial activity of TCT against Salmonella pullorum was examined using diffusion agar method at each of the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% (w/v) in 100 µL DMSO. In vivo test was conducted using 80 broiler chicken and were infected by S. pullorum with treatments of: IP0: IP contained 0% TCT, IP1: IP contained 25% TCT, IP2: IP contained 50% TCT, IP3: IP contained 75% TCT and IP4: IP contained 100% TCT. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 4 chicks each. Feed additive was periodically fed to broiler during 7 days before and 10 days after infection. Anti-pullorum activities were evaluated using serology test, isolation and biochemical identification of S. pullorum. The results showed that 75% TCT was optimum to inhibit S. pullorum in vitro. The isolation and identification of S. pullorum results showed that 0 out of 8 (0%) broilers treated with IP4 was not infected by S. pullorum whereas 1 out of 2 (50%) broilers treated with IP0 were infected by S. pullorum. The reduction of S. pullorum prevalence as followed by increasing TCT in feed additive. In conclusion, TCT as poultry feed additive could inhibit S. pullorum infection. Key words: Earthworm Meal, Feed Additive, S. Pullorum

97 - 103

Authors: Achmad Gozali Nataamijaya

A study on the performance of Nagrak and Kampung chicken under intensive management system was conducted in Cibadak District of Sukabumi West Java. As many as 200 hens of Nagrak and Kampung, each were placed in individual cages. The birds were given 90 g of diet daily, the diet was the mixture of layer commercial diet and ricebran at equal ratio, drinking water was given ad libitum. Artificial insemination was conducted every three days using semen collected from 20 cockerels of each local bird. Disease control was done by vaccination against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease. Sulfamix and antibiotics were given whenever needed. Eggs were collected twice a day, weighed and stored to be incubated or to be analyzed for their characteristics. Parameters observed were physical appearance, hen-day egg production, egg quality, egg fertility and hatchability, body weight, feed conversion and mortality. Results showed that Nagrak chicken physical appearance was different from that of Kampung chicken, yet their hen-day production were not significantly different (26.93 ± 14.10% vs 27.04 ± 16.20%). The egg characteristics of these birds (Nagrak vs Kampung) were as follows: egg weight (36.29 ± 6.50 g vs 35.55 ± 5.42 g); yolk weight (16.61 ± 1.34 g vs 16.22 ± 2.11 g); albumen weight (17.31 ± 2.64 g vs 16.87 ± 1.35 g); shell weight 37 ± 0.81 g vs 2.46 ± 0.54 g); yolk color (9.62 ± 1.81 g vs 9.67 ± 1.70 g); haugh unit (83.60 ± 5.41 vs 83.45 ± 6.10); shell thickness (24.0 ± 0.83 µm vs 24.4 ± 0.67 µm), however no significant difference was found. Neither the egg fertility, hatchability nor mortality rate of the birds was significantly different. At 12 weeks old the average body weight of male Nagrak chicken (1260.04 ± 57.33 g) was much higher (P<0.01) than that of male Kampung chicken (750.68 ± 60.11 g) while the average body weight of female Nagrak chicken (980.37 ± 48.11 g) was much higher (P<0.01) than that of female Kampung chicken (656.11 ± 58.47 g). The feed conversion ratio of male Nagrak chicken (4.21) was better (P<0.05) than that of male Kampung chicken (5.62), the feed conversion ratio of female Nagrak chicken (5.15) was also better (P<0.05) than that of female Kampung chicken (6.81). No significant difference was found on the feed conversion ratio of Nagrak hens (9.24) and Kampung hens (9.06). Key words: Performance, Nagrak, Kampung, Local Chicken

110 - 117

Authors: Marthen L. Mullik, Dennis P. Poppi, Stuart R. Mclennan

The rate of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) supply to the intestines is a crucial element in the current rumen models to predict respond of ruminants to a certain diet. Data from tropical pastures are always below predicted results from the existing rumen models. Thus, quantification of the rumen MCP supply from tropical forage will improve predictive rate under tropical feeding conditions. Four Brahman crossbred steers (457 ± 20.1 kg) were used in a metabolism study. Pangola grass (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal) was harvested every morning and fed to the animals soon afterward. Parameters measured were EMPS, intake, fractional passage rates, and rumen ammonia concentration. The EMPS was estimated using purine derivative excretion in urine. Mean crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate was 6.3 and 7.4% of dry matter (DM) respectively. Mean DM intake was 1.6% liveweight. Average rumen ammonia concentration was 69 mg/L whilst rumen passage rates were 7.84 and 6.92%/h for fluid and solids respectively. Mean EMPS was only 72 g MCP/kg digestible organic matters. It is concluded that EMPS in steers consuming green pangola grass was at the level below the minimum recommended value for forage diets adopted in the current feeding standards. Key words: Microbial Protein, Efficiency, Tropical Grass, Cattle

131 - 141

Authors: A. Anggraeni, C. Sumantri, A. Farajallah, E. Andreas

Genotipe of BB kappa kasein (ĸ-kasein) gene positively influences high milk protein yield. The aim of this research was to verify the use of the к-casein gene as marker of assisted selecion (MAS) of high protein yield in domestic Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle. Genotyping blood samples was conducted for lactating cows from BPPT-SP Cikole (82 head) and a number of small holders in KPSBU Lembang (190 head). Genotyping the к-casein gene was also conducted for active and non active AI bulls (HF) from BIB Lembang (25 head) and BBIB Singosari (32 head). Varian genotipes were identified trough DNA migration, whereas frequencies of alleles were calculated by Nei Method (1987). The effects of variant genotypes on protein yield and other milk component yields were studied in lactating cows (56 head in BPPT-SP Cikole and 111 head in KPSBU Lembang) by applying Least Square Means (LSM) method of the General Linear Model (GLM). Genotyping the ĸ-kasein gene resulted in three genotypes, namely AA, AB and BB, with two alleles, namely A and B. It was identified that a very limited number of lactating cows with BB genotype (0-9%). These cows produced higher protein yield around 3.37-3.84% than that of AA cows, while AB cows produced protein yield in between, though these differences were not statistically significant (P>0,05). In contrast, AA cows tended to produced higher milk fat yield than BB cows. Cows BB and AB seemingly produced higher dry matter, while both specific density and pH were not affected by variant genotypes of the к-casein gene. The results showed that BB genotype of the к-casein gene tended to be quitely consistent in controlling high protein yield, so it would be a good oppurtinity to be used as MAS of milk protein yield in HF domestic. Key words: Protein Yield, Dairy Cattle (HF), к-Casein Gene, Genotype BB

150 - 166

Authors: Sri Usmiati, Miskiyah ., Rarah R.A.M.

Inhibition technology of microorganism on meat can be done biologically and chemically. Biologically, inhibition to microbe can be conducted by addition antimicrobe, for example bacteriocin that have character as biopreservative. The aim of this research was to study the microbiological quality of fresh meat with bacteriocin isolated from Lactobacillus sp. SCG 1223 storaged at certain addition and temperature with different storage time. This experiment was done based on Completely of Random Design (CRD) with factorial arragement 3 x 4 for meat kept at room temperature (270C) and 3x3 for meat kept at cold temperature (4ºC) in three replications. The first factor was addition of biopreservative: addition bacteriocin (B), without addition antimicrobia (TB), and addition of nisin (N) on fresh meat. The second factor was different storage time at room temperature (H0, H6, H12 and H18) and low temperature (D0, D14, D28). Other treatments as indicators was contaminated with indicator bacteria (S. thypimurium, E. coli, L. monocytogenes). Variable analyzed were initial TPC (Total Plate Count) and total indicator bacteria S. thypimurium; E. coli; L. monocytogenes at fresh meat, meat quality consist of total indicator of bacteria, pH value of meat; and protein level. Result indicated that bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sp. SCG 1223 isolat could inhibit bacteria growth (S. thypimurium, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli. Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sp. can work at room temperature (270C) and cold temperature (40C). Nisin effectivity almost same to bacteriosin produced from Lactobacillus sp. SCG 1223 isolated from cow fresh milk in inhibiting Gram positive L. monocytogenes. Key Words: Microbiological, Bacteriocin, Lactobacillus sp. Var. SCG 1223