Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

249 - 254

Authors: K.G Wiryawan, A Parakkasi, R Priyanto, I.P Nanda

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of formaldehyde-treated Palm Kernel Cake (BIS) in male Priangan sheep diet and its effect on animal performance, N utilization, and unsaturated fatty acids composition of musculus longisimus dorsal. The experiment was designed based on completly randomized design with four treatments and nine replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of formaldehyde treated BIS: R1 (0%), R2 (15%), R3 (30%) and R4 (45%). Results indicated that formaldehyde treated BIS up to 45% in diet did not negatively affect consumption, dry matter digestibility and daily live weight gain. Formaldehyde protection especially in R4 could significantly reduce ruminal N-NH3 concentration, increased protein digestibility and nitrogen retention, but did not influence allantoin urine concentration. Unsaturated fatty acid composition of musculus longisimus dorsal was not affected by formaldehyde treated BIS in diet. It is concluded that the inclusion of 45% formaldehyde treated BIS in diet did not negatively affect animal performance, and R4 is the most effective in improving nitrogen utilization in male Priangan sheep, but unable to alter the unsaturated fatty acids composition of musculus longisimus dorsal. Key Words: Palm Kernel Cake, Formaldehyde, Performance, Nitrogen, Unsaturated Fatty Acids

262 - 267

Authors: Wulansih Dwi Astuti, Roni Ridwan, Baharuddin Tappa

Improvement of nutrient intake was needed to increase cattle productivity. Probiotics and organic Cr, as feed additives, might have beneficially improve ruminant microbial ecosystem, and optimize digestion process by rumen microbes. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of combination between probiotic or mixed probiotcs and organic Cr on rumen fermentation activity. An in vitro study was held based on randomized block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were (A) Control ration, (B) Control ration + probiotic TSD 10, (C) Control ration + probiotic TSD 10 + organic Cr, (D) Control ration + mixed probiotics, and (E) Control ration + mixed probiotics + organic Cr. Organic Cr concentration was supplemented 2 ppm, whereas probiotics supplement contained 109 cfu/g. Supplementation of probiotic and organic Cr increased dry matter and organic matter digestibility but decreased total VFA and NH3 concentration. Treatment E (combination between mixed probiotics and organic Cr) gave the highest dry matter (52.45 %) and organic matter (51.96 %) digestibilities. It also tended to increase NH3 and total VFA production. Supplementation of single or mixed probiotics showed no difference for dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, and proportion of individual VFA. Mixed probiotics gave higher VFA and NH3 concentration compared to single probiotic. Probiotics supplementation resulted in a tendency for higher acetate proportion, while organic Cr supplementation resulted in a tendency of higher propionate proportion. Key Words: Probiotic, Organic Cr, Ruminal Microbes, VFA

274 - 285

Authors: Muhammad Mukhtar

In order to determine grazing characteristics in the dwarf Elephantgrass pasture under the rotational grazing system, 5 a of pasture established by rooted tillers of dwarf variety of late-heading type (DL) was grazed by 3 head of breeding beef cows in the following 2 years after establishment in 2003 and 2004. Grazing system was conducted at 4 and 5 times for about 1-week grazing with 3-weeks and 1-month rest period in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Tiller number increased seasonally from the first through the fourth or fifth grazing, and herbage dry matter weight reached the peak at the fourth grazing both years, while some characters such as plant height, mean tiller dry matter weight and percentage of leaf blade tended to decrease with the grazing. From the stratified clipping method, percentage leaf blades in the top two, third and in the fourth strata were consumed perfectly and almost perfectly, respectively both years. Herbage consumption increased with the grazing up to the third and fourth grazing and dropped at the last grazing due to the poor regrowth under the decreasing air temperature both years. Dry matter intake per head averaged 4.3–13.4 kg DM head-1 day-1 in 2003 and 6.7-11.4 kg DM head-1 day-1 (15.5-28.6 g DM/kg LW-1 day-1) in 2004. Grazing time on DL elephantgrass was stable at 50–60% in daytime at the first grazing day both years, while that at the last grazing day tended to increase with the grazing both years. Thus, live weights of 3 head of beef cows were maintained in the grazing from the second to the fourth time without concentrate feeding in 2004, when dry matter intake was above 20 g DM LW-1 day-1. Key Words: Dwarf-Elephantgrass, Grazing Characteristics, Beef Cows, Percentage Leaf of Blade

300 - 305

Authors: Triana Susanti, L Hardi Prasetyo

A selection process to increase egg production of Alabio ducks was conducted in Balai Penelitian Ternak, Ciawi-Bogor. The selection aimed at increasing production, however observation on growth of the selected ducks was necessary since early growth stage (0-8 wks) determines the performance during laying period. This paper presents the growth models and the coefficient of determination of two generations of selected Alabio ducks. Body weight were observed weekly on 363 ducks from F1 and 356 ducks from F2, between 0-8 weeks and then fortinghly until 16 weeks. Growth curves were analysed using regression models between age and bodyweight of each population. The selection of model with the best fit was based on the large value of determination coefficient (R2), small value of MSE, and sinificant level of regression coefficient. Result showed that cubic polynomial regression was the best fit for the two populations, Y = 56.31-1.44X+0.64X2-0.005X3 for F1 and Y = 43.05 + 0.96X + 0.69X2 - 0.0056X3 for F2. The values of R2 were 0.9466 for F1 and 0.9243 for F2, and the values of MSE were 11.586 for F1 and 19.978 for F2. The growth of F1 is better during starter period, but F2 is better during grower period. Key Words: Regresion, Growth, Alabio Duck

311 - 317

Authors: W. Marlene Mesang-Nalley, R Handarini, B Purwantara

The successful sperm preservation, influenced by the capability of its extender on the maintenance the sperm quality during storage. The carbohydrate such as glucose and fructose were the common sugar added on the mammalian sperm extender to support their live and motility. The sucrose was the main carbohydrate in Timor deer stag seminal plasma. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates in Tris egg yolk (TEY) extender on the motility and viability of stag sperm, stored in room temperature (27-28 oC). The semen was collected using electro ejaculator from five Timor deer stags at hard antler stage, 3-5 years old, body weight of 64-102 kg with normal testes. The semen was than evaluated macro-and microscopically and divided into 3 aliquots. Each of them was diluted with TEY-glucose (TEYG), TEY-fructose (TEYF) and TEY-Sucrose (TEYS) with the concentration of spermatozoa 100 x 106 ml-1. The extended semen was than stored at room temperature. The sperm motility and viability were evaluated every 3 hours. Result of the experiment showed that the semen volume was 2.06 ± 0.63 ml, pH 7.03±0.13, yellow white until creamy in color and the consistency ranged from normal to thick. The mass movement between ++ to +++ and the sperm motility was 68.67 ± 7.4%. The average of sperm concentration was 842.35 ± 258.14x106 ml-1, the viable sperm was 78.11 ± 3.61%, the sperm abnormality was 7.31 ± 2.98%. The percentages of sperm motility on TEYG (18.00 ± 17.63%) and TEYS (21.83 ± 15.92%) were higher compare to TEYF (4,00 ± 0,00%) extender in 24 hours observation. The percentage of sperm viability showed the same pattern. The sperm viability in TEYG (28.17 ± 20.06) and TEYS (24.00 ± 22.59%) (P<0.05) were significantly higher compare to TEYF (4.00 ± 0.00%). It is concluded that the deer stag sperm can use the three sugars for their nutrition source. The diluted sperm still can be used for artificial insemination after 12 hour storage. Key Words: Liquid Semen, Deer, Room Temperature, Carbohydrate

167 - 174

Authors: Muhammad Daud, Wiranda G Piliang, I. Putu Kompiang

Probiotics is a feed additive in the form of life microorganisms that balance microorganism population in the digestive tract. While prebiotics is a feed substance which is not digested, and selectively improves growth and activity of useful microbes in large intestine. The objectives of this research were to study the carcass percentage and carcass quality of broilers given a ration containing probiotics and prebiotics. Four hundred eighty day-old chicks of broiler Arbor Acres strain were divided into four dietary treatments and three replications (40 birds / replicate). Ration used was consisted of: R1 = basal ration + 0.01% antibiotics (Zinc bacitracin), R2 = basal ration + 0.2% probiotics (Bacillus spp), R3 = basal ration + 0.2% probiotics + 0.5% prebiotics and R4 = basal ration + 0.5% prebiotics (katuk leaves). The variables observed were: carcass percentage, fat content in the abdomen, liver and carcass, cholesterol content in the liver, carcass and blood serum. The results showed that the carcass quality of broiler received probiotics and prebiotics either independently or the combination was significantly (P<0.05) different. The fat content of liver and thigh, and breast cholesterol of R3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control (R1). It is concluded that combination of probiotics and prebiotics were able to decrease the carcass fat and cholesterol content at six week of age. Key Words: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Carcass, Broilers

183 - 188

Authors: Asmuddin Natsir

The urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD), which consists of allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine, was used to estimate Microbial Nitrogen (MN) supply on sheep given oaten hay as basal diet supplemented either with faba beans (faba) or barley fortified with urea (barley-urea). Three growing wethers, with average body weight of 43 ± 2.29 kg, were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets, i.e. oaten hay without supplement (C), diet C + barley-urea (CB), and diet C + faba (CF), according to latin square design (3 x 3). Results of the experiment indicated that PD excretion for C was lower (P = 0.07) than that of CB and CF (2.84 vs 6.08, 7.67 mmol/d). Absorbed PD and estimation of MN supply for C was less (P = 0.07) than those of CB and CF, namely 1.26 vs 6.64, 8.80 mmol/d and 0.91 vs 4.8, 6.30 g N/d respectively. However, the efficiency of MN synthesis was similar, whether the calculation was based on digestible organic matter fermented in the rumen, DOMR (g MN/kg DOMR, P = 0.20) or based on N intake (g MN/g N intake, P = 0.40). In conclusion, supplementation of oaten hay with different protein supplements may improve the estimation of microbial N supply in the growing sheep but both supplements gave similar results on the estimation of MN supply. Key Words: Purine Derivative, Microbial Protein, Protein Supplement, Sheep

195 - 201

Authors: Simon P Ginting, Rantan Krisnan, Kiston Simanihuruk

The study was aimed: 1) to evaluate the effects of using different additives on the quality of pineapple waste-silage (SLN), and 2) to investigate the responses of goats fed with PAS as a basal feed. Pineapple processing wastes include skins and the pulp left after cannery wastes are pressed to extract the juice. Six additive treatments were used in the processing of pressed pineapple wastes, namely 1) urea (5% DM), 2) Urea (2% DM) and cassava meal (3% DM), 3) molasses (5% DM), 4) urea (2.5% DM) and molasses (2.5% DM), 5) fermented-juice lactic acid bacteria (5% DM), and 6) without additives. Fermentation periode were set at 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days. The best SLN obtained from those treatments was then used in feeding trials. Twenty male Boer x Kacang crosses with an initial body weight averaging 13.2 ± 1.9 kg were used in this experiment. The animals were allocated to one of the following feed treatments, in DM: A) Grasses (75%) + SLN (25%), B) SLN (75%) + Concentrates (25%), C) SLN (50%) +Concentrate (50%), and D) SLN (25%) + Concentrates (75%). Using molasses as additive material at 5% and 15 days of fermentation period gave the best chemical and physical characteristics of the SLN. Its crude fiber content decreased and it showed the lowest pH (4.7) The silage showed temperature at 280C, and its taste was sour, and no fungi contamination. The DM and OM intakes and DM, OM and N digestibility were not different (P>0.05) between the animals fed 75% Grass/25% CON and 75% SLN/25% CON. When the proportion of concentrates in the rations was increased, the feed intake and digestibility were increase significantly (P<0.05). ADG (71.3 vs 68.8 g) and feed efficiency (11.2 vs 13.4) was similar between the 75% Grass/25% CON and 75% SLN 25% CON groups. ADG increased significantly (P<0.05) when the proportion of concentrates in ration was increased to 50% (82.6 g) or to 75% (89.1 g). N retention was positive in all treatments, and it was increased significantly (P<0.05) as the proportion of concentrates in ration increased. It is concluded that pineapple wastes could be preserved to silages using molasses as additive material. Pineapple waste silage could be used as roughage to substitute grass in ration. When fed with the pineapple waste silage the responses of goats will increase as the proportion of concentrates in the ration increased. Key Words: Pineapple Wastes, Silages, Goats

212 - 217

Authors: L. Hardi Prasetyo, Triana Susanti

A selection program is one of many important tools in livestock breeding in improving the quality of breeding stock. The choice of an effective selection method requires some information on the value of genetic parameters for some economically important traits, such as heritabilities and genetic correlation coefiicients. This experiment used 25 drakes and 100 ducks of each Alabio and Mojosari ducks, mated at random 1 drake to 4 ducks. A number of ducklings were obtained from each mating in each population, and their body weights were observed from hatching to 8 weeks old. Results showed that the heritability estimation for body weight to 8 weeks old were generally low either in Alabio or in Mojosari, ranging between 0.061 to 0.227. The highest heritability estimation was obtained for 6-week body weight 0.151 for Alabio and 0.227 for Mojosari ducks. The estimates of genetic correlation among body weights varied widely but generally high. It is concluded that 6-week body weight can be considered as a selection criterion depending on the selection objective in the local Indonesian ducks. Key Words: Heritability, Genetic Correlation, Ducks

225 - 237

Authors: Ismeth Inounu, Subandriyo ., E Handiwirawan, L.O Nafiu

Crossing of Garut (GG) sheep with St. Croix sheep (HH) and Moulton Charollais (MM) resulting HG sheep (♂HH X ♀GG) and MG sheep (♂MM X ♀GG) was done by Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production. The work continued by crossing MG and HG sheep to obtain HMG (♂HG X ♀MG) and MHG (♂MG X ♀HG) sheep. The study was continued by selection program based on phenotypic performance. Estimation of breeding value and genetic trends were done in order to study the effectiveness of selection program and to study the genetic progress of each breed. The breeding value was estimated by Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) method using Variance Component Estimation (VCE4) software to calculate variance component and using Prediction and Estimation (PEST) to calculate Breeding Value. Genetic variations of composite sheep were generally higher than Garut sheep, represented by higher estimated heritability value. Genetic correlation of body weight at diffrent age is high, that makes selection at one age could also increase body weight at any level of age. In general of this population shows positive genetic trend, but fluctuated from year to year. Composite breed tend to have higher estimated breeding value than Garut sheep. Selection method that was practiced in this population showed in line with selection method using breeding value criteria. Key Words: Breeding Value, Genetic, BLUP, Garut Sheep, St. Croix, Moulton Charollais

87 - 95

Authors: A.P Sinurat, T Purwadaria, I.A.K Bintang, T Pasaribu

Solid heavy phase (SHP), a by product material of palm oil factory obtained by ceramic filtration from liquid waste could be produced approximately 2 million tons/year. The by product has a potential for substituting corn in poultry feed. A series of experiment was carried out to improve nutrient value of the SHP in order to obtain a feedstuff that can substitute corn in poultry feed. The SHP was processed by either fermentation or enzymatic process. The product was then dried and analysed for its nutrient values. Fermentation process was carried out by altering the dry matter of the substrate (40 or 50%), while enzymatic process was carried out by altering the dose and kind of enzymes used. The process that produced best nutrient values was considered for producing materials for a feeding trial. In this trial, the products were used in diet formulation to substitute 25 or 50% of the corn included in the control diet. The results showed that the fermentation processed could be conducted with dry matter of substrate at either 40 or 50%. The fermentation process significantly improved the nutrient values of the SHP as shown by decreasing the crude fibre and increasing the crude protein, amino acids and the ME value. The results also showed that the Balitnak enzyme (BS4) was optimum when added at 10 ml/kg dry matter SHP, while the commercial enzyme (EK) was optimum at level of 2 g /kg dry matter SHP. Results of feeding trial showed that 25% of corn in layer diet could be substituted with dried SHP or SHP + enzymes. This substitution tended to improve performances (egg production, egg weight and FCR) of the laying hens. Substitution of 25 or 50% corn with the fermented SHP tends to reduce the performance of the layinghens. Similar trend also occurred when 50% of the corn was substituted with the enzymaticly processed SHP. Key Words: Solid Heavy Phase, Palm Oil Waste, Fermentation, Enzymes, Laying Hens

105 - 111

Authors: Agung Prabowo, Soemitro Padmowijoto, Zaenal Bachruddin, Abdul Syukur

Cellulose is a compound of plant cell walls which is difficult to be degraded because it composed of glucose monomers linked by β-(1.4)-bound. It will be hydrolysed by cellulase enzyme secreted by cellulolytic microbes. The effective digestion of cellulose needs high activity of cellulase enzyme. This research aims to increase in vitro king grass digestibility utilizing mixed cellulolytic microbes of termite extract, elephant faecal solution, and buffalo ruminal fluid. Twelve syringes contained gas test media were randomly divided into four treatments based on sources of microbe (SM), namely: S (SM: cattle ruminal fluid [S]), RGK (SM: mixed cellulolytic microbes of termite extract, elephant faecal solution, and buffalo ruminal fluid [RGK], with composition 1 : 1 : 1), S-RGK (SM: S + RGK, with composition 1:1), and TM (without given treatment microbe). Digestibility was measured using gas test method. Average of gas production treatment of S-RGK (70.2 + 0.6 ml) was higher and significantly different (P<0.01) compared to treatment of S (60.3 + 0.8 ml), RGK (40.8 + 2.3 ml), and TM (13.3 + 2.0 ml). Utilization of mixed cellulolytic microbes of termite extract, elephant faecal solution, and buffalo ruminal fluid (RGK) that combined with microbes of cattle ruminal fluid (S) could increase in vitro digestibility of king grass. Key Words: Cellulolytic Microbe, Termite Extract, Elephant Faecal, Buffalo Ruminal Fluid

118 - 123

Authors: M Imron, A Boediono, I Supriatna

In vivo embryo production was limited by number of donor, wide variability respond due to superovulation program and also immunoactifity of superovulation hormone (FSH). Splitting technology could be an alternative to increase the number of transferrable embryos into recipien cows. Splitting is done with cutting embryo becoming two equal pieces (called demi embrio) base on ICM orientation. The objective of this research was to determine the viability of demi embryo obtained from embryo splitting of fresh and frozen thawed embryo. The results showed that demi embryos which performed blastocoel reexpansion 3 hours after embryo splitting using fresh and frozen thawed embryos were 76.9 and 76.2% respectively. Base on existention of inner cell mass (ICM), the number of demi embryos developed with ICM from fresh and frozen thawed embryos were not significantly different (90.6 and 85.7% respectively. The cell number of demi embryo from fresh embryos splitting was not different compared with those from frozen thawed embryos (36.1 and 35.9 respectively). These finding indicated that embryo splitting can be applied to frozen thawed embryos with certain condition as well as fresh embryos. Key Words: In Vitro Embryo, Splitting, Demi Embryo, Cell Number

134 - 138

Authors: M.A Setiadi, Yulnawati ., A Suprayogi

The aim of this present study was to investigate the quality of canine epididymal spermatozoa during storage at 4°C. Spermatozoa was collected by flushing technique with physiological saline (NaCl 0.9% w/v) and diluted in modified Tris based extender containing 20% (v/v) of egg yolk for three days. The result showed that mean concentration of spermatozoa from cauda epididymal was 95.29.106 spz/ml. The percentage of progressive motility and membrane integrity of spermatozoa on time of collection was 70.71% and 72.85%, respectively. Quality of epididymal spermatozoa was decreased significantly (P<0,05) during storage at 4°C. The percentage of progressive motility during storage were 70.71% on day 0 (H-0, after diluted), 60.71% (H-1), 45.71% (H-2), and 33.57% (H-3). The percentage of membrane integrity during storage were 72.85, 68.88, 61.06 and 47.47% on H-0, H-1, H-2 and H-3, respectivelly. In conclusion, quality of canine epididymal spermatozoa was decreased during three days of storage at 4°C. Key Words: Epididymal Sperm, Storage, Canine

147 - 152

Authors: Syahruddin Said, Takdir Saili

Rat cauda epididymides were kept in 1.5-ml centrifuge tubes containing 1 ml milli-Q water or physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and stored and freezed at -196ºC without cryoprotectant for up to 7 days. After thawing of the cauda epididymis, all spermatozoa were non-motile immediately after collection. All oocytes injected with sperm heads (nuclei) of spermatozoa collected from frozen-thawed cauda epididymis in saline were activated (100%) and gradually decreased (P<0.05) in cauda epididymis frozen in milli-Q water at -196°C (86%), and in control (69%). In activated oocytes, a large proportion of sperm heads had transformed into male pronuclear formation (66-78%). When 1-cell embryos were cultured for 120 h, 7% developed to blastocyst stages. These results indicate that genetic materials of species (at least in the rat) that had unexpectedly die can be saved by a simple method. Key words: ICSI, Sperm Heads, Piezo-Injection, Frozen, Rat

160 - 166

Authors: R Susanti, R.D Soejoedono, I-G.N.K Mahardika, I-W.T Wibawan, M.T Suhartono

The high population of waterfowl subsequently with the high case fatality of poultry and people in West Java regency caused by HPAI H5N1 can raise possibility that waterfowl was a natural reservoir. This research aimed to prove that waterfowl in West Java served as reservoir of AI virus (primarily H5N1) and also identify the virus pathotype based on cleavage site of amino acid sequence. Cloacal swab sample was obtained from healthy and unvaccinated waterfowl from Sukabumi and Bogor Regency. Cloacal swab was propagated in 9 days old embryonic chicken eggs. Allantoic fluid was harvested at the 4th day of incubation and then tested for hemagglutination, and positive isolate continued with virus sub-typing using PCR method. H5 gene from H5N1 isolate then sequenced using dideoxy termination method. Multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences were analysed using MEGA-3.1 program. Sub-typing using PCR method indicated the existence of 25 strain H5N1, 16 strain HxN1, 4 strain H5Nx and 9 virus ND. Characterization of cleavage site amino acid sequence indicated that all H5N1 sample were pathogenic with sequence QRERRRKKR (23 sample) dan QRESRRKKR (2 sample). Waterfowl was HPAI H5N1 virus reservoir. Asymptomatic infection in waterfowl, but the virus shedding gradually occurred and therefore it became potential source of H5N1 virus infection. Our findings suggest that immediate action is needed to prevent the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the apparently healthy waterfowl into terrestrial poultry or human. Key Words: HPAI, H5N1, Reservoir, Water Fowl

1 - 5

Authors: I.A.K Bintang, A.P Sinurat, T Purwadaria

A study on the use of dried Morinda citrifolia waste as feed additive in broiler ration was conducted. One hundred day old chicks (doc) were allocated into 4 levels (control; 0.0; 1.2; 2.4 and 4.8 g/kg feed) of M. citrifolia waste with 5 replication. Each replication had 5 birds. The treatments were allocated in a completely randomized design. Variables measured were: feed intake, live weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), percentages of carcass and internal organs ( liver. gizard, abdominal fat, and thickness of intestine). The results showed that M citrifolia waste supply did not significantly (P>0.05) affect all variables measured, but feed intake of those fed with high levels (4,8 g/kg) of M. citrifolia waste was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed with 1.2 g/kg. FCR was significantly (P<0.05 ) lower as compared to the control; 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg. It is concluded that the best treatment was the supplementation of M. citrifolia waste of 4.8 g/kg, this treatment improved feed efficiency by 5% as compared to the control. Key Words: M. citrifolia Waste, Performances, Broiler

10 - 15

Authors: P.P Ketaren, L.H Prasetyo

Feed efficiency of layer ducks is low since feed consumption is considerably higher than egg production. The experiment has been conducted to evaluate performances and age at first laying of MA crossbred duck from 1-20 weeks old on restricted feeding. Three experimental diets tested were: (1) 70% ad libitum = 70% A, (2) 85% ad libitum = 85% A and (3) 100% ad libitum = 100% A. Feed consumption, live weight gain (PBB), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate and age at first laying were recorded. Live weight gain of ducks on 70 and 85%A were significantly (P<0.05) lower than 100% A for both at 12 weeks old. Live weight gain of duck at 16 weeks old fed 85% A was similar to the ducks fed 100% A. On the other hand, FCR of duck at 16 weeks old on 70 and 85% A were significantly (P<0.05) better than ducks fed 100% A diet. Age at first laying was delayed 9 days on duck fed 85% A and 21 days on duck fed 70% A diet. However, average weight of first laid egg was not affected by the treatments. Mortality increased on duck fed 70% A. This study indicated that feeding MA duck at rate of 85% of ad libitum was sufficient to support normal growth and reproductive development. Key Words: MA Crossbred Duck, Restricted Feeding, Growth, Age at First Laying

22 - 26

Authors: L. Hardi Prasetyo

Crossbreeding between two different strains or breeds is often done in a livestock production system to take advantage of the heterosis (hybrid vigour) which may resulted from the crossing. The level of heterosis largely depend on the genetic distance betweeen the two parental groups, and is also affected by the environmental condition in which the heterosis would be more significant under less optimal condition. The aim was to evaluate the heterosis level of the crosses between Tegal and Mojosari ducks under stressful environment of low nutritional content (14% protein) in the diet. The experiment was conducted in the animal facilities of the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal production, using 40 Tegal (TT) ducks, 44 Mojosari ducks (MM), 46 crossbreds between Tegal drakes and Mojosari ducks (TM), and 42 crossbreds between Mojosari drakes and Tegal ducks (MT). Results showed that heterosis was not significant for the average age at first laying (AFL) and weight of first egg (WFE), in which AFL of TT (171.8 d) was not significantly different from that of MT (163.4 d) and both were shorter than the AFL of MM (182.3 d) or that of TM (182.8 d). Heterosis also did not exist on egg production to 68 weeks old (EP-68), in which the EP-68 of TT was 141.3 eggs and that of MT was 122.6 eggs, and both were lower than EP-68 of MM (156.8 eggs) or of TM (154.0 eggs). For egg qualities, heterosis also did not show any significant level and difference between genotypes only existed for the Haugh Unit values. It seems that even under stressful environment heterosis did not exist among crosses between Tegal and Mojosari ducks, and therefore it can be concluded that the crosses between these two breeds will not produce any beneficial effects in a production system under any condition. Key Words: Heterosis, Ducks, Low Protein Diet

34 - 41

Authors: Didik Rudiono

Forty Kacang doe (average initial BW, 10.2 kg) were used in 4x2 factorial arrangement to determine carcass characteristics. Dose of the testosterone as first factor were assigned to four levels, i.e.: control (T0), 1 dose of testosterone propionate (T1), 2 doses of TP (T2), and 3 doses of TP (T3). The age of animals as the second factor, i.e.: 7-8 months of age (U1) and 9-12 months of age (U2), referred to chevon method. The treatment combinations were replicated 5 times, respectively, so that there were 40 heads of doe. Animals were injected with 0.77 mg of TP/kg BW/d weekly for first dose and the goats were fed for 90 days. The diet were assigned to met or exceed 50 g ADG. The variables included slaughter weight, carcass weight, pelt weight, and Kidney Pelvic Heart (KPH) fat weight. There were significant interaction (P<0.01), except on KPH weight. The best carcass characteristics were significantly resulted from injection of 49 mg TP head-1 week-1 treated on 9 kg of Kacang doe. Key Words: Testosterone, Age, Carcass Characteristic, Kacang Doe

55 - 59

Authors: Zaituni Udin, Jaswandi ., Tinda Afriani, Leonardo E

It is known that hormone addition in media helps in vitro maturation of oocyte. This research was aimmed to determine the effect of PMSG in media to maturation rate and nucleous developvement of cow oocyte. Ovaries were obtainned from local slaughterhouse. The media used for in vitro maturation of oocyte was TCM- 199 and the treatment was 3 levels of PMSG: 0, 10 and 20 mg/ml. Result of this research showed that the dose of PMSG in maturation media was significantly affected (P<0.05) nucleolus development of oocytes and maturation rate. The average of germinal vesicle (GV) stage in 3 levels of PMSG 0, 10 and 20 mg/ml were 38.33; 12.64 and 9.64%, respectivelly. There was no germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) found in 3 levels of PMSG addition. The nucleous development of metaphase–I (M-I) were 7.64; 20.2 and 22.00%, but the average of maturation rate (M-II) was 16.32; 48.10 and 35.34% for 3 levels of PMSG: 0, 10 and 20 mg/ml, respectivelly. It is concluded that 10 mg/ml PMSG in media of in vitro maturation resuls in the highest maturation rate of cow oocyte. Key Words: Oocyte, Maturation, In vitro, Hormone, PMSG

68 - 73

Authors: Sugito ., W Manalu, E Handharyani, Chairul

This research was conducted to study the effects of jaloh extract (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) on broiler chicken exposed to heat stress in constant temperature of 33 ± 1oC for 4 hours per day for 10 days. Fifteen chickens aged 20 days old (strain Cobb) were divided randomly into 5 groups. The first group was external control (tCP) of the chickens received neither heat stress nor jaloh extract. The second group was internal control (CP) representing chickens given heat stress without jaloh extract. The third, fourth, and fifth groups consisted of chickens given heat stress and 10 mg/kg BB of hexane (CP+Hek), ethyl acetate (CP+EtOAc), and ethanol (CP+EtOH) fractions, respectively. Heat stress and jaloh extract were given every day. Extract of jaloh were given 1 hour before temperature in the cage was raised. On 10th day of the experiment, 3 chickens were killed and necropted. Liver and kidney tissues from each treatment were analyzed for histological condition. The results indicated that heat stress can induce injury degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammation cells of liver and kidney. It is concluded that the hexane fraction of jaloh extract could protect the detrimental effects on heat stress. Key Words: Heat Stress, Extract Salix, Liver, Broiler Kidney

249 - 253

Authors: Engkus Kusnadi

High environmental temperatures may cause heat stress in poultry. This may increase water consumption, decrease feed consumption and in turn, decrease production level. This experiment was conducted to study the supplementation of vitamin C as anti heat-stress agent of broilers. In this research, were used 72 broilers 21 days old. The treatment are two kinds. The first, two poultry house temperatures (32 and 240C as warm temperature and cool temperature respectively) and second, four levels suplementation of vitamin C (0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm of ration as C0, C250, C500 and C750 respectively). Variables measured are feed consumption, body weigh gain, content of abdominal lipid and feed convertion. The data collected were analized with a split plot design in completelly random design and continued with the contrast-orthogonal test when significantly different The result indicated that vitamin C significantly (P<0.05) increased feed consumption and body weigh gain. The warm temperature significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed consumption and body weigh gain. Feed convertion of C250, C500 and C750 in warm temperature were significantly (P<0.05) lower than C0. The supplementation of 250 ppm vitamin C (C250) was most efective as anti heat-stress agent in broilers kept at warm temperature. Key Words: Vitamin C, Broiler, Heat-Stress

260 - 265

Authors: Dini Hardini, Tri Yuwanta, Zuprizal ., Supadmo

Egg containing long chain unsaturated fatty acids is a functional food, because it is highly nutritious and could prevent diseases, (omega 3 and 6) such as coronary heart attack. The research was aimed to measure the change of egg cholesterol content during proceesing: frying, oiless frying and boiling and their influence to the blood plasma cholesterol of normal and hypercholesterolemia rat. Seven treatments of egg yolk were frying at 170°C for 3 min (welldone = GM), and 1min (half medium fried = GSM) using deep fryer , oilless frying at 70°C for10 min (fried = TM), and 6 min (half fried = TSM) using Teflon pan, and boiling at 100°C for 10’ (boiled = RM) dan 4 min (half boiled = RSM) using pan provided with thermoregulator and a fresh omega egg as a control. The Completely randomized design was apllied for 4 weeks research period. The data from different treatments were analyzed by Orthogonal Contrast. Fifty 2 months old male rats Rattus norvegicus L. separated in 2 groups; normal and hypercholesterolemia (blood cholesterol > 200 mg dl-1). The rats were placed in individual cage, fed 15 g h-1 day-1 and water drinking ad libitum. The ration was composed of 90% basal commercial feed BR II and 10% egg yolk was given to each animal at 20% of live weight. Factorial 2 x 7 of completely randomized design was applied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Processsing method of egg affected to cholesterol content of egg, The lowest and the highest cholesterol contents were observed in TSM (0.30 g/100g) and GM (0.37 g/100g), respectively. Biological test using Rattus norvegicus L rat showed that either fresh and processed long chain fatty acid egg decreased plasma cholesterol. The highest and the lowest decreases of cholesterol content were found in the group consumed RSM (8.64%) and GM (1.77%) for normal rat; and control (46.3%) followed by RSM (44.53%) and GM (24.86%), respectively. To maintain normal cholesterol and decrease cholesterol content of cholesterolemian, the omega egg should be consumed in fresh or half boiled egg. Key Words: Cholesterol, Omega-3, Omega-6, Rattus norvegicus L.

273 - 279

Authors: Simon P Ginting, Andi Tarigan

The study was aimed to evaluate several nutritional quality parameters (chemical composition, intake and digestibility) in goats of S. secundatum and B. humidicola known to be highly and moderately shade tolerant species. The species of Pennisetum purpureuphoides was used as a control diet. These forages were offered to 21 male Kacang goats with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were divided into three groups based on the body weight, and were randomly allocated to one of the three forages species in a Completely Randomized Design. During the adaptation period (14 days) and the intake monitoring period (5 days) after the adaptation period the forages were offered ad lib. During the feces and urine collection period (7 days) feed was offered at 90% of the maximum intake to minimize the intake fluctuation. The dry matter content of S. secundatum (332 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (321 g kg-1DM) were relatively higher than P. purpureuphoides (211 g kg-1DM), while the organic matter content were relatively equal among the three forages species. The crude protein content of S. secundatum (83 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (85 g kg-1DM) was almost identical, but were lower than that of P. purpureuphoides (111 83 g kg-1 DM) The NDF and ADF contents were relatively similar among the forage species. The dry matter (DM) intake of goats fed S. secundatum (588 g d-1) or fed B. humidicola (577 g d-1) did not differ (P>0.05), but it was higher (P>0.05) than dry matter intake of goats fed P. purpreuuphoides. The similar trend was shown when DM intake was expressed in the percentage of body weight (3.60%, 3.55% and 2.77% BW, respectively) or when expressed as gram per kg BW0.75 which were 35.5, 35.6 and 27.7 g/kg BW0.75 respectively. The digestion coefficient of DM and OM were not different (P>0.05) between S.secundatum and B. humidicola, but it was higher than that in P. purpureuphoides. The digestion coefficient of energy were not different among these forages. The N balances were positive (3,0–3,6 g d-1) in goats offered these forages. It is concluded that the nutritional qualities of S. secundatum and B. humidicola were comparable, and it is relatively higher that the P. purpureuphoides when offered to goats as the sole feed. Key Words: Nutritional Quality, Grass Species, Goats

287 - 294

Authors: Muhammad Rizal, Maman Surachman, Herdis ., Achmad Selamet Aku

Cauda epididymal spermatozoa could be used as an alternative source of gamete in the application of various reproductive technologies, because the spermatozoa is motile and has ability of fertilizing the oocyte. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of addition of seminal plasma on the quality of ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3–5oC. Collected-spermatozoa was divided into five parts then centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 30 min and the supernatant was removed. One-fifth was diluted with Tris extender (Tris) and the remaining was added 0.5 ml ram seminal plasma then diluted with Tris extender (PS-Tris), 15% AndroMed + 85% distilled water (PS-AM15), 20% AndroMed + 80% distilled water (PS-AM20), and 25% AndroMed + 75% distilled water (PS-AM25), respectively. Quality of collected-spermatozoa including spermatozoa concentration (SC), percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), abnormal spermatozoa (AS), cytoplasmic droplet (CD), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated. Percentages of MS, LS, and IPM of diluted-spermatozoa was evaluated every day during preserved at 3–5oC for three days. Results of this study showed that mean SC, MS, LS, AS, CD, and IPM of fresh spermatozoa were 11,660 million/ml, 65, 81, 7.6, 10.2, and 82.2%, respectively. Addition of seminal plasma in cauda epididymal spermatozoa prior to dilution could maintain the quality of spermatozoa during preserved at 3–5oC for three days. At day-4 of storage, percentages of MS, LS, and IPM for PS-Tris (43, 58, and 59.2%), PS-AM20 (40.5, 53.75, and 53.75%), and PS-AM25 (40, 54.8, and 55.2%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than Tris (21, 34.8, and 33.6%) and PS-AM15 (20, 40, and 42.2%). In conclusion, addition of seminal plasma in ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa prior to dilution with Tris or 20 and 25% AndroMed extenders could maintain the quality of spermatozoa during preserved at 3–5oC for three days, and could be used for artificial insemination or in vitro embryo production programs. Key Words: Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa, Seminal Plasma, Tris, AndroMed, Ram

302 - 309

Authors: I Inounu, S Sukmawati, R.R Noor

Garut sheep (GG) is one of some native sheep that had been well known to the people of West Java. This sheep have some advantages including their ability to produce multiple birth, reach sexual maturity faster and resistant to internal parasite. However, this sheep have also some disadvantages including low milk production, high mortality and low weaning weight. Crossbreeding is one way to improve animal genetic quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the Garut, St.Croix cross (HG), and Moulton Charollais cross (MG) are superior in milk production when compared to Garut sheep. This study was conducted at small ruminant experimental station of Research Institute for Animal production from June to August 2002. The superiority of the crossed sheep was determined by subtracting the average milk production of the crossed sheep (HG or MG) and Garut sheep and then divided the values by the average milk production of Garut sheep, except for the threeway crosses (MHG and HMG) is calculated from the difference in milk production between the means of threeway crossbred with the means of two parents (MG and HG). The data had been corrected by parity and type of birth. The General Linear model of SAS was used to calculate the least square means. Average milk production from GG, MG, HG, MHG and HMG ewes in this study were respectivelly 53.41, 59.48, 55.89, 44.87 and 54.66 kg. The relative superiority for milk production of MG and HG were 11% and 5% over Garut sheep respectively and for the threeway crossbred MHG/HMG was -14% over their parents (MG and HG). Key Words: Milk Production, St.Croix, Moulton Charollais, Garut, Crossing

317 - 323

Authors: Boky Jeanne Tuasikal, Suhardono

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of infection Fasciola gigantica irradiated by using 60Co to goat’s blood values. Twenty local male goats, ten to twelve old months, 15-20 kg of body weight were used for this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups consisting of four replications. Three groups received irradiated metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica using 45, 55 and 65 Gy respectively. One group was the positive control (goats were infected by non-irradiated metacercariae) and another one was the negative control (goats were not infected by metacercariae). Each goat received 350 metacercariae. Body weight, Eosinofil, PCV and Hb were measured every weeks for 20 weeks. The result indicated that pathogenicity of irradiated Fasciola gigantica was reduced. In all parameters, among negative control group and three irradiation-groups showed non significant (P>0.05). Key Words: Fasciola gigantica, Irradiated, Eosinofil, Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin