Voprosy Filosofii i Psikhologii

67-76

Authors: Nikolai I. Gubanov, Nikolay N. Gubanov

The authors attempt to outline the concept of the triple determination of criminal behavior. This behavior depends on the legacy of liability, the social environment and personal principle – man's free will, his mind and selfdetermination. The genetic influence is manifested in the form of immoral and criminal inclinations – to a greater or lesser predisposition to aggressive actions. The magnitude of the criminal instincts of the human population is placed on the distribution curve of random values. The extent to which criminal inclinations is determined by social conditions of human habitation, especially the conditions of education and training. Among people living in the same social conditionstions, more crimes committed individuals with a greater magnitude of criminal instincts. The free will of man, based on a reasonable analysis of their existential situation can counteract and neutralize internal aggressive impulses associated with heredity and living conditions, as the most decisive factor in human behavior. Diagnosis value of genetic predisposition to criminal behavior can serve as a basis for designing measures psychotherapeutic behavioral abnormalities persons with genotype neutralizing internal implementation of aggressive impulses personally self, creating a system of education that prevents impletion criminal inclinations.

88-99

Authors: Feliks V. Lazarev

Philosophy is love of wisdom. Love is the desire of possessing anything. Wisdom is knowledge of the Universe. Philosophy is the desire to have knowledge about the Universe. Knowledge of the Universe is a way to knowing the truth. Knowledge of the truth is a way to liberation from dependency of the material world. Are there any general rules of philosophizing ultimately expressing the essence of the method of rational development of the world? The rules, which will help to pass through mentioned above so interesting chain. If you look closely at the experience of theorizing in the history of ideas, then such rules can be singled out and formulated in the form of certain methodological requirements. The analysis shows that many of the requirements of such kind are the result of that type of philosophical reflection which is applied in a particular case. These rules differ from the logic rules and belong to the sphere of relationships between subject and object. Categorical rule is that you need to identify a specific problem and indicate a field of categorical discourse and then throw a fixed net of categories. Discursiveness rule involves a selection of such discourse where the author throughout the whole study has strictly to keep to its rules without replacing one discourse for the other. This will help to prevent eclectic or sophistic style of thinking. Paradoxically rule - where there is a philosophical way of thinking there is always a paradox, which provokes the subject to find a genuine novelty. Constitutive rule - this rule guides a human thought on the identification of "conditions imaginable" (Kant) of the object. Any key concept, as well as based on it sayings, anyway supposes an indication on the context.

112-120

Authors: Peter A. Plyutto

This is an attempt to give arguments for ontological nature of sociocultural illusions in this article. An accurate determination of sociocultural illusions is founded on the definitions of human illusions that were suggested by I. Kant. Experience of branching classification of sociocultural illusions is demonstrated.

127-130

Authors: Natalya N. Rostova

The book "Living philosophy", the idea of which belongs to the chief editor of the journal “GLANCE” Marina Sborovskaya, is unique in its kind. It combined the texts of famous Russian philosophers of our contemporaries, professors of Moscow universities, in which they discuss different aspects of human existence in the modern world. His soul and body, freedom and creativity, simulation and authenticity, beauty and ugliness, of sense and nonsense, love and childhood, truth and intuition, of fairy tales and dreams, happiness and fun, games and celebration, science and government, cities and nature, technology and ecology, music and heroism, of the virtual world and the person in it. The uniqueness of the book lies in its genre. If philosophy is living knowledge, the textbook on philosophy in the traditional sense is obvious nonsense. After all, living knowledge refers to the genus of reference and vision, which is passed from hand to hand, i.e. in a live conversation. Just as in music or painting there is a line of continuity, so it is, of course, and in philosophy. How then to touch philosophy, if a direct meeting with philosopher - a rare stroke of luck? Peer-reviewed book is the answer to this question.

145-152

Authors: Margaret K. Trifonova

This article is dedicated to the analysis of specific features specificity of philosophy as wisdom in works of the outstanding Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset. The author reveals the peculiarities of his philosophical knowledge understanding and the problem of human alienation in the modern social and cultural development. The philosophical heritage of the great Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset provokes the growing interest recent years. Interpretation of the wisdom concept made by the philosopher gains a particular attention. At the same time, one of the problems which disturbed him especially - the nature of philosophical knowledge and its evolution in terms of new scientific and social processes (social and scientific revolutions, the alienation of a man from the social activity in the industrial society, national liberation movements, and etc). And Ortega’s main idea is that philosophy can not act as a cold collection of ready-made maxims which a person needs only to adopt. The philosophical work, philosophical understanding that exists in unity with man’s life and reflects its shades and changes, and constantly responds to the new realities - that is what ensures the philosophical discourse vitality. Ortega y Gasset belongs to such type of philosophers whose work is penetrated with humanism and moral line, it is an extraordinary creativity. Experience of scientific revolutions of XVII–XX centuries in physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy, etc. testifies that it is impossible to solve complex and multi-structural collisions without philosophical reflection level. At first, it seemed to scientists that reductionist approach was enough - to reduce body to a cell, physical structure of an atom, and etc. But it turned out that it is necessary that either scientists become philosophizers, or with the help of philosophical approach investigate specifically the revolutionary situation in some sciences; it requires a various analysis; recognition of the paradoxes; paradoxic, allowing mutually exclusive phenomena, dialectical thinking.

17-28

Authors: Sergey A. Lebedev

This article discusses the problem of induction, which was first formulated in the 18th century by the English philosopher D. Hume. Hume came to the conclusion that reliance on inductive inferences has no rational basis and is rather a matter of habit as one’s psychological ability. Since then, the issue of the possibility (impossibility) of purely rational justification of induction has gained a fundamental significance for philosophy and especially the philosophy and methodology of science. From a negative solution to the problem of induction there necessarily follows the inference that scientific cognition is not a purely rational process. The history of the philosophy and methodology of science has seen numerous attempts to rationally justify induction, but all of them have proven untenable. The article analyzes the major approaches to solving the problem of induction undertaken in the philosophy of science in the 20th century: 1) deductive or “metaphysical”, 2) pragmatic, 3) conventionalist, 4) inductive/analytical, 5) linguistic. As a result of the analysis, the author draws the following conclusion: Hume was right. The use of inductive inferences in cognition, including in science, cannot be substantiated purely rationally. The author proposes a new solution to the problem of induction, which is founded on the following principles: 1) the need for getting out of the domain of thinking and logic, in providing a rationale for the use of induction, and getting into the domain of practical objectives and grounds of scientific cognition, 2) the need to construe the process of scientific cognition per se (scientific thinking, in particular) as social processes whose subject is the disciplinary scientific community. The use of the inductive method in scientific cognition is grounded not in the subject’s purely rational activity but its rational/volitional activity. The outcome of this kind of activity by the scientific community is its consensual cognitive decisions.

36-46

Authors: Victor A. Svetlov

In the article the new interpretation of dialectics and dialectic contradiction compatible to laws of formal logic and possessing big explanatory and predictive force is offered. Dialectics is considered as the part of unified theory of conflict analysis and resolution which is responsible for the initial cause of development of any system. The dialectic contradiction is defined as union of the complementary relations and as a general pattern of development. It is proved Contrary to a popular belief it is proved that the dialectic contradiction makes only part of the general class of the contradictions peculiar to systems.

60-67

Authors: Roman I. Ostapenko

Based on the selected component of professional competence of the psychologist, the article performed the statistical data analysis of scales: reflexivity, life orientation, motivation to avoid failure, motivation to achieve success and emotional intelligence. Identified relationships were found between the selected components form the structure of professional competence of students-psychologists, which is analyzed from the position of factor-analytical concept study of personality. Two factors were presented in a structural model can be validated for fit with original data. On the basis indexes of fit were received positive results, showing that the model agrees well with the input data and does not need the correction.

95-100

Authors: Nikolai I. Gubanov, Nikolay N. Gubanov

The article presents the analysis of a new book on the philosophy of science, written by famous Russian expert in this field of knowledge Professor S.A. Lebedev. The book contains all the key problems of contemporary philosophy of science: the relationship of philosophy and science; subject and structure of the philosophy of science; History of philosophy of science; ontology of science; structure of science and the laws of its development; scientific truth and its criteria; science and innovation; philosophical foundations and philosophical problems of science. The author rightly opposes epistemological reductionism in the understanding of the philosophy of science, based on the complex structure of the discipline, which should include the following sections: ontology of science, epistemology of science (epistemology), the sociology of science, cultural studies of science, axiology of science, praxeology science, anthropology of science. Reveals the philosophical foundations and philosophical problems of science. Justified preference dialectical conception of the relation between science and philosophy. Carried out the demarcation between science and philosophical reflection array naukovedcheskoy information. We propose a multi-dimensional ("honeycomb") model of the structure of science. Describes the types of scientific rationality, are considered state of scientific knowledge: empirical, theoretical, metatheoretical. Formulated general and specific patterns of development of scientific knowledge. Described pluralism within the meaning of scientific truth and suggests the possibility and necessity of a universal concept of truth.

12-20

Authors: Y.В. Chastokolenko, K.О. Kotikova

The article examines the variety of subcultural reality phenomena through communicative approach, allowing on the one hand to explore the interpersonal (intersubjective) “dimension” of communication and on the other hand to enter the transpersonal (transsubjective) “dimension” which demands the understanding of metempirical human nature and self. The research results can be used for attraction the talented youth to participate in social activities and also for optimization the working methods with achievement potential in the specially organized psychological practices.

30-34

Authors: Valeriya V. Shaparenko

The article presents the cultural, ideological formation of man, the philosophical understanding of himself in the ideological, spiritual, inner dialogue with some Other. Drawing on numerous philosophical studies, it can be argued that the image of the Other most frequently represented a certain transcendental entity (God, Spirit World, Absolute), in dialogue with which the formation of a person's world was occured, a certain picture of the universe was formed, the values and goals were arrived.