Nanotechnology Research and Practice

50-73

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

In this review it is reported about new data on the structure of water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (Н2О)n and their charged ionic clusters [(Н2О)n]+ and [(Н2О)n]- by means of computer modelling and spectroscopy methods as 1Н-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. The computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (Н2О)n, where n = 3–20 are carried out. Based on this data the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) have been examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained.

4-11

Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong

One of the major mechanical and physical parameters for surface quality is hardness. In this paper was studied the electrochemical machining (ECM) to improve the surface micro-hardness and nano-hardness of stainless steel samples. The materials studied are used as samples of stainless steel Cr18Ni10Ti after electrochemical machining under different current density in a water solution of NaCl with various concentrations. The results showed that with increasing the current density from 0 to 28.3 A/cm2 the surface micro-hardness and nano-hardness of samples after the ECM increases and maximum value was 5.06 GPa.

29-46

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Enrico Bauer

Natural waters derived from various Bulgarian water springs as well as mountain water, melt water and water with varying deuterium content and the human blood serum of cancer patients were investigated by IR, NES and DNES methods to establish the structural mathematical models of water. As estimation factor was measured the values of the average energy of hydrogen bonds (∆EH...O) among H2O molecules, as well as local maxima in IR- and DNES-spectra of various samples of water and human blood serum at ∆EH...O = -0.1387 eV (the DNES-method) and λ = 8.95 μm (the IR-method). The increased content of deuterium in water leads to physiological, morphological and cytology alterations of the cell, and also renders negative influence on cellular metabolism, while deuterium depleted water with the residual 60–100 ppm deuterium content has beneficial effects on health. For a group of people in critical condition of life and patients with malignant tumors the greatest values of local maxima in DNES-spectra are shifted to lower energies relative to the control group. In frames of the research was carried out the computer calculation of elemental polyhedral nanoclusters with a formula (Н2О)n, where n = 3–20. Based on this data some important physical characteristics of water were obtained, e.g. the average energy of hydrogen bonding between Н2О molecules in the process of cluster formation measured by the DNES method was compiled -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV.

140-150

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

In this review article are studied the methods for preparation of micro dispersed colloid silver nanoparticles and the electron microscopy, as well as the scopes of their practical application in nano-industry, bionanotechnology and water processing and water purification techniques. The mechanisms of bactericidal action of colloid silver on a microbial cell are discussed from the point of view of absorptive, electrostatic, enzyme and mutagen theories. Silver exerts both bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect against more than 500 species of microorganisms. The bactericidal effect of silver is 1.500 times more than the same concentration of phenol and 3.5 times more than the action of mercuric chloride. It is shown that the effects of colloid silver are defined by the concentration, the sizes of micro dispersed nanoparticles and their stability in water solutions. The micro dispersed silver nanoparticles may be prepared by using various physical-chemical, biochemical and biotechnological methods.

96-118

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

In this review it is reported about the research on the structure of water and ice and intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (Н2О)n and their charged ionic clusters [(Н2О)n]+ and [(Н2О)n]- by means of computer modelling and spectroscopy methods as 1Н-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. The computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (Н2О)n, where n = 3–20 are carried out. Based on this data the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) have been examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding (EH…O) between Н2О molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles –0,1067±0,0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D2О were more stable, than those ones from Н2О due to isotopic effects of deuterium.

60-67

Authors: Mostafa Behtouei, Amin Maleki Sheikh Abadi

In this paper we investigated the effect of tunneling magnetoresistance in one-dimensional three-terminal mesoscopic ring in the presence of the magnetic flux and the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI) and the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (DSOI). We calculated the current flow in this structure based on the Landauer-Buttiker formalism and a generalized Green’s function technique for parallel and antiparallel spin orientations in ferromagnetic electrodes. Calculations show that the tunneling magnetoresistance increases with the strength of the magnetization. The required conditions for reach the maximum values of the tunneling magnetoresistance are also calculated.

72-80

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

In this review article are studied the methods for preparation of micro dispersed colloid silver nanoparticles and scopes of their practical application in nano-industry, bionanotechnology, medicine and allied industries, including water processing and water purification techniques. The mechanisms of bactericidal influence of colloid silver on a microbial cell are discussed from the point of view of absorptive, electrostatic, enzyme and mutagen theories. Silver exerts both bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect against more than 500 species of microorganisms. The effect of bacterial destruction by silver is 1500 times more than the same concentration of phenol and 3,5 times more than the action of mercuric chloride. It is demonstrated that effects of colloid silver are defined by the concentration, the sizes of micro dispersed nanoparticles and their stability in water solutions. The silver nanoparticles in their turn may be prepared by using various physico-chemical, biochemical and biotechnological methods.