East European Journal of Physics

4-12

Authors: Yu.M. Poluektov

When analyzing thermodynamic and kinetic properties of crystals whose anisotropy is not large and the considered effects do not relate to the existence of singled-out directions in crystals, one may use a more simple model of an isotropic medium with a good accuracy, after having chosen its parameters in an optimal way. Based on the quantum mechanical description it is shown that the method of approximation of the moduli of elasticity of a crystal by the model of an isotropic medium, proposed earlier in [2], follows from the requirement of the minimal difference between the free energies of a crystal and an approximating isotropic medium. The two-parametric Debye model is formulated, which, in contrast to the standard model where the average speed of phonons is introduced, takes into account the existence in an isotropic medium of both longitudinal and transverse phonons. The proposed model contains, except the Debye energy, an additional dimensionless parameter and, consequently, the law of corresponding states for the heat capacity being characteristic of the standard model does not hold. With taking account of the two phonon branches the structure of the density of phonon states proves to be more complex as compared to the standard model and has a singularity that resembles Van Hove singularities in real crystals. As an example, an application of the two-parametric Debye theory to such crystals of the cubic system as tungsten, copper, lead is considered. It is shown that the calculation of the low-temperature heat capacity of these crystals by means of the approximated moduli of elasticity within the framework of the two-parametric model leads to a considerably better agreement with experiment than in the case of the standard Debye model.

24-31

Authors: V.M. Svishch

At consideration of the theory of the Michelson’s experiment and conducting experiments on its scheme of dividing the amplitude of the light flux as an informative parameter, the difference in the lengths of the paths of the transverse and longitudinal rays of the light flux is used by measuring the shift of the interference pattern of the transverse and longitudinal rays. The significance of the other circuit parameters in determining the influence of the Earth's speed with the help of Michelson interferometers was not considered. The analysis of the parameters of the schemes of Michelson interferometers with the division of both the wave front amplitude and its wave front in the reference system associated with the interferometer is carried out in order to determine the influence of the interferometer speed on them. As a result of the analysis of the scheme with the division of amplitude, a linear dependence of the changes in frequency, the width of the reflected rays on the ratio of the device speed to the speed of light in interferometers. In the Michelson interferometer scheme with wave front division, the difference of paths length and the ray deflection angles are linearly dependent on the ratio of the device speed to the speed of light .These additional dependences are determined by the collinearity of the reflected rays and the speed of the observer's movement, in contrast to their perpendicularity in the interferometer with the division of the wave front amplitude. As a result of the comparison of the parameters in the reference system associated with the interferometer, it is concluded from their significance that the use of frequency changes, the width of the reflected rays in the interferometer with amplitude division, and the wave front interferometer, the difference in the path lengths of the rays, frequency, angle of deflection and the width of the reflected rays is preferable.

45-52

Authors: A.P. Voronov, S.V. Naydenov, I.M. Pritula, G.M. Onyshchenko, A.F. Shchus’, I.I. Yakymenko

This research is going to explain the fast neutrons and gamma radiation registration by the new inorganic single crystals of the KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphat) group that was grown from the water solutions and activated by the thallium Tl+ or cerium Ce3+. The appearance of the luminescence upon KDP:Tl crystals irradiation with the fast neutrons is explained by secondary ionizing radiation (recoil protons and oxygen recoil nuclei) with excitation of the activator under ionization losses for inhibition. Also the recombination mechanism with the radiation defects of the hydrogen sublattice going to transmit electron excitations to the region of the Tl+ luminescence center. In the KDP:Ce crystals the excitation mechanism of the activator has a similar character, but the luminescence itself is due to the 5d  4f transition in Ce3+ ions. The detection efficiency for activated KDP:Tl and KDP:Ce crystals to the fast neutrons in comparisons with organic (plastic) scintillators were calculated theoretically and experimentally. For the crystal volume about 10x10x10 mm3 with the optimal activator concentration the fast neutron detection efficiency under irradiation of 239Pu-Be is 12% for KDP:Tl and 16% for KDP:Ce, which is in a consistent with the theoretical calculation and is not lower according to the parameters of typical organic scintillators. A high natural selectivity of the KDP scintillators to the fast neutrons due to their low sensitivity to gamma radiation was detected. Herewith the internal discrimination of n/γ signals (the ratio of detection efficiencies for the fast neutrons and gamma quants) for activated KDP crystals is 7-8 times higher than of regular plastic scintillators.

61-67

Authors: O.V. Mihal, O.V. Moroz, R.I. Starovoytov, I.V. Buriak

Modern industrial technological processes require special preparation of metal surfaces. Currently, there are different methods of surface treatment of metal. Among them, it is possible to distinguish the method of electrolytic-plasma polishing (PEP– plasma electrolytic polishing) is distinguished as an innovative, due to its ecological properties, low energy consumption per unit of surface to be processed, high speed of modification and the possibility of processing parts of complex geometric shape. The main advantage of this method of surface modification is its ecological purity, which makes it possible to apply this technology to the food and pharmaceutical industry. Despite the large number of journal publications, electrolytic plasma polishing remains an innovative surface modification method that needs to be thoroughly studied in order to improve understanding of physical processes and optimize the surface modification process. The process of obtaining electrolytic plasma polishing of copper products in a solution of ammonium sulfate with the addition of sulfuric acid is considered in the paper. The experiment was divided into two stages. At first, the samples were treated for 600 seconds each for the obtain of temperature characteristics, with a strong correlation between the load current and the electrolyte temperature was observed. Dependence of the current on the temperature of the electrolyte showed four different modes of treatment. One of the modes showed the best results. During the second series of experiments, the processing of objects from 30 to 600 seconds. As a result of the conducted studies, optimal regimes for polishing copper objects were obtained.

75-81

Authors: A.P. Shcherban, O.A. Datsenko

The method for determining the thermodynamic quantities: the partial enthalpy of dissolution α ΔH B , the activity coefficients γ αВ and activities αB a of the second component B in binary metallic systems with low solubility in the solid α-phase has been proposed. The algorithm for determining the above values is a sequence of preliminary calculations of the limiting and equilibrium distribution coefficients and construction of saturated solid solution lines for such systems with low solubility of the second component. Preliminarily obtained data are necessary for determining the partial enthalpy of dissolution and other quantities in the systems under study. Such a sequence of calculations is the proposed method for determining the thermodynamic parameters of dissolution. The values and temperature dependences of the dissolution enthalpy of component having a low solubility for such systems as Cd-Na, Cd-Tl, Te-Ga, Te-As, Te-Cu, Zn-Sn, as well as the activity coefficients γ αВ and the activities αB a of the second component in the saturating α-phase in these systems were determined. An analysis of obtained results on the enthalpy of dissolution shows that a change in the partial enthalpy with a change in the dissolution temperature is observed. When the temperature decreases from the melting point of the pure main component to the eutectic temperature, an increase in the partial enthalpies of dissolution of the second component is observed for studied systems. The Te-Ga system is characterized by a negative value HB α Δ . A negative value HB α Δ indicates an exothermic process of gallium dissolution in tellurium, in contrast to other systems in which the dissolution of the second component occurs with heat absorption. Analyzing the enthalpy of dissolution in the systems under study, it should be noted that the low values of HB α Δ < 2000 J/mol are characterized by the systems Cd-Na and Te-Ga. For systems Te-Cu, Te-As, Te-Tl, Zn-Sn HB α Δ > 15000 J/mol. Systems with a value HB α Δ > 15000 J/mol reveal a tendency to the occurrence of retrograde solubility in them. The difference in values γ αВ is found to be more than two orders of magnitude for different systems.

4-15

Authors: Yu.V. Kulish

The solutions of generalized Klein-Gordon equations are considered. The generalizations of the Klein-Gordon equation allow one to derive convergent integrals for the Green functions of these equations. The generalized equations are presented as products of the operators for the Klein-Gordon equation with different masses. The solutions of derived homogeneous equations (total fields) are sums of fields corresponding to particles with the same values of the spin, the electric charge, the parities, but with different masses. Such particles are grouped into the kinds (families, dynasties) with members which are the generations. The chronological products of the scalar fields for kinds of particles are obtained at arbitrary quantity of the generations. These chronological products are the causal Green functions of generalized Klein-Gordon equations. The Lagrangians for the generalized Klein-Gordon equations of arbitrary order are derived. These Lagrangians are used to obtain the energy-momentum tensors for the particle kinds at arbitrary quantity of generations. It is shown that the generalized Hamiltonians (for total fields) have got positive eigenvalues for all the generations. These results are derived with the use of the indefinite metrics.

23-26

Authors: M. Bondarenko, V. Knigavko, O. Zaytseva

Significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis is associated with the discovery of tumor suppressor genes (or antioncogenes). It is known that in the human population, the number of normally functioning suppressor genes varies in different individuals at birth. The aim of the study was to assess the probability of cancer development in an individual with a different initial number of undamaged normally functioning antioncogenes. On the basis of the probabilistic mathematical model of carcinogenesis, the most probable age of cancer development depending on the number of intact antioncogenes was assessed. As a result of the studies, the probability of cancer development depending on the age of the patient is estimated. The dependence of the probability of cancer development in an individual on the number of undamaged antioncogenes is also investigated. The analysis of the significance of the number of tumor suppressor genes, the damage of which may be the cause of initiation of cell malignancy, has been carried out.

35-48

Authors: K.K. Merkotan, T.M. Zelentsova, N.O. Chudak, D.A. Ptashynskiy, V.V. Urbanevich, O.S. Potiienko, V.V. Voitenko, O.D. Berezovskyi, I.V. Sharph, V.D. Rusov

Problems of the Standard Model, associated with the introduction of an electromagnetic field as a linear combination of fields on which various gauge groups representations are implemented, are analyzed. In this paper, we pay attention to the fact that in any model with gauge fields, the generators which are included in the covariant derivatives can be given only up to the transition to the equivalent representation. It is proposed that dynamic models with equivalent representations of generators should be physically equivalent. It means the requirement of the Lagrangian symmetry with respect to the transition from one equivalent generators representations to another. In particular, in the Lagrangian of the Standard Model, we have raising and lowering SU (2) group generators. The group multiplication law determines only the matrix elements modules of these generators while the arguments remain uncertain. In the paper, such uncertainty is considered as a local one. At different points of space-time, generators can be expressed in various equivalent representations. The compensation of the uncertain matrix elements arguments of the SU (2) group generators can be carried out with a local U (1) - transformation with the introduction of the corresponding gauge field, which can be considered as the electromagnetic field. The advantages of such electromagnetic field introduction in comparison with the method used in the Standard Model are analyzed.

54-61

Authors: A.I. Kalinichenko, E.N. Reshetnyak, V.E. Strel’nitskij

Influence of atomic sputtering on intrinsic stress and growth rate of the coating made by method of plasma - ion deposition with use of pulsed bias potential and at different incidence angles of ions is theoretically investigated. The formula for intrinsic stress calculation in deposited coating obtained in the model of the nonlocal thermoelastic peak of the ion, taking into account atomic sputtering processes, was used to calculate the stresses in TiN and CrN coatings deposited from Ti+ and Cr+ ion beams, respectively. The stress value for the coatings considered correlates with the modulus of elasticity of the coating material. The stress curve maximum decreases and shifts to the region of higher potentials with increasing angle of incidence. This behavior is due to the sputtering of quasi-table interstitial defects that determine the level of stress in the deposited coating. A formula is proposed for the coating deposition rate, which takes into account the sputtering of the coating atoms at arbitrary bias potential and the angle of incidence of the ions. It is shown that sputtering sharply reduces the coatings deposition rate and makes it impossible to deposit TiN and CrN coatings in the DC mode at potentials on the substrate exceeding 1.7 kV and 0.7 kV, respectively, and with normal ion incidence. Sputtering has the greatest influence on the intrinsic stress and the growth rate of the coating at ion deposition at inclined angles of incidence α = 45°...70° . The results of the calculations are compared with the available experimental data.

68-71

Authors: V.K. Galaydych

The slow surface electromagnetic waves that propagate along the planar waveguide structure that contains two identical isotropic left-handed material with the vacuum (or air) gap has been considered. The possibility of propagation of slow surface electromagnetic waves of TM and TE polarizations in the frequency range at which the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability are negative are shown. By selecting a frequency, one, two or three modes can be excited simultaneously. The group and phase velocities of the TE polarization waves are directed in opposite directions. The frequency range of the existence of the TE mode with an antisymmetric field distribution lies above the frequency range of the existence of the TE mode with a symmetric field distribution. The TM wave, depending on the wavelength, can be either forward or backward, or have zero group velocity. The wave of TM-polarization has a slightly varying group velocity in a sufficiently wide frequency range. A rich set of different properties of these waves make them promising in applications.

78-83

Authors: V.I. Maslov, I.P. Levchuk, S. Nikonova, I.N. Onishchenko

The possible dynamics of the electron beam, formed in the vicinity of Io, the natural satellite of Jupiter, and injected toward Jupiter, has been investigated analytically. When a beam penetrates the Jupiter plasma to a certain depth, the beam-plasma instability can be developed. In this case, the distribution function of electrons is expanded additionally by excited oscillations. These electrons, when their energy is of order of a required certain value, cause UV polar light. For closing of a current, the formation of a double electric layer is necessary. The necessary parameters and conditions for the formation of a double layer with a large jump of an electric potential at a certain height have been formulated, its properties, stability, behavior over time and beam reflection in its field for closing of a current have been described. Reflection of the beam can lead to its vortex dynamics.

4

Authors: A. Burlayenko, V. Khodusov, A. Naumovets

Using a reduced isotropic crystal model the relationship between the fourth-order elastic moduli of an isotropic medium and the independent components of the fourth-order elastic moduli tensor of real crystals of various crystal systems is found. To calculate the coefficients of these relations, computer algebra systems Redberry and Mathematica for working with high order tensors in the symbolic and explicit form were used, in light of the overly complex computation. In an isotropic medium, there are four independent fourth order elastic moduli. This is due to the presence of four invariants for an eighth-rank tensor in the three-dimensional space, that has symmetries over the pairs of indices. As an example, the moduli of elasticity of an isotropic medium corresponding to certain crystals of cubic system are given (LiF, NaCl, MgO, CaF2). From the obtained results it can be seen that the reduced isotropic crystal model can be most effectively applied to high-symmetry crystal systems.

6

Authors: U. Tarabara, K. Vus, A. Kurutos, O. Ryzhova, V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko, N. Gadjev, T. Deligeorgiev

The applicability of the novel heptamethine cyanine dyes AK7-5 and AK7-6 to the detection and characterization of one-dimensional protein aggregates (amyloid fibrils) associated with numerous pathologies has been evaluated using the method of fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that both the monomeric and aggregated forms of these dyes can bind to amyloidogenic protein lysozyme, but the concomitant changes in the electronic structure of H-aggregates render them capable of fluorescing. The growth of the hypsochromic bands with negligible changes of the monomeric peaks induced by the native protein and the opposite effects induced by the lysozyme fibrils suggest that the native lysozyme has more binding sites for the dye aggregates than fibrillar protein, while the fibril grooves represent specific binding site for the dyes monomers. The observed spectral behavior of the cyanine dyes, viz. significant distinctions in the fluorescence responses produced by the monomeric and fibrillar forms of lysozyme, suggest the possibility of recruiting these compounds as fluorescent amyloid markers along with the classical amyloid marker Thioflavin T.

8

Authors: O. N. Shekhovtsova

In this note I review the current status of electron-positron annihilation into the π⁺π⁻η final state from both experimental and theoretical sides. The theoretical studies of the reaction are discussed in framework of three theoretical approaches: the Vector Meson Dominance Model, the Resonance Chiral Theory with vector and axial-vector resonances and within the extended nonlocal version of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In the case of the Vector Meson Dominance model the three vector ρ-mesons are included, i.e. the main ρ(770) state and the excited ρ(1400) and ρ(1700) states. For the theoretical approach based on the Resonance Chiral Theory lagrangian the theoretical prediction includes either the lightest ρ(770) state only or the superposition of the main state ρ(770) with the ρ(1400), ρ(1700) states. Finally, the theoretical calculations in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model include both the lightest ρ(770) state and its first excited state ρ(1400) . To sum up the theoretical predictions of these three approaches are compared with the recent experimental data from Novosibirsk groups (SND and CMD experiments) and from the BaBar Collaboration. In addition, main points of studies on application of the Conservation Vector Current hypothesis to estimate the cross channel decay width, τ→π⁻π⁰ητ , are discussed. The last subject is an investigation of the OZI and G-parity violated decay ϕ→π⁺π⁻η.

9

Authors: R. V. Skorokhod, O. M. Buhay, V. M. Bilyk, V. L. Denysenko, O. V. Koropov

A computer code to calculate the time and space dependencies of the defect and component concentrations of a binary alloy is developed. This code is based on the theoretical model for radiation-induced segregation governed by first and second Fick’s laws with taking into account inverse Kirkendall effect. The system of three coupled partial differential equations for concentrations of one of components and point defects is converted to the system of ordinary differential equations in time by a discretization procedure. Numerical solutions of this system are obtained under appropriate initial and boundary conditions by means of the MATLAB. The modeling of radiation-induced segregation in binary Fe-Cr alloys is carried out for various initial concentrations of components, temperatures, dose rates and doses. The process of achievement of steady state at dose rising is demonstrated. The calculated concentration profiles are compared with experimental profiles published in literature. The sensitivity of model to input parameters is done and the capabilities of proposed model are estimated. This computer code for multicomponent alloys is developed.

24

Authors: G. I. Gakh, M. I. Konchatnij, N. P. Merenkov, A. G. Gakh

The emission of the hard photon from the initial state is considered. The nucleon polarization and the differential cross sections for some experimental conditions have been calculated. The case of the emission of the collinear (with respect to the direction of the electron beam momentum) photon is considered separately. The differential cross section, the nucleon polarization, the correlation coefficients for both polarized nucleons (provided the electron beam is unpolarized or longitudinally polarized), the transfer polarization from the longitudinally polarized electron beam to the nucleon have been calculated. The photon energy distribution for the reaction e⁺e⁻ → h₁h₂γ where h₁ and h₂ are some hadrons for the case of the collinear photon, emitted in the initial state, has been calculated. As h₁h₂ final state we considered some channels, namely: two spinless mesons (for example,π⁺π⁻K⁺K⁻), two spin–one particles (for example, ρ⁺ρ⁻d⁺d⁻), and the channels πa₁ (1260) and Δ(1232)Ñ . The photon energy distributions are calculated in terms of the form factors of the γ* → h₁h₂ transition (γ* is the virtual photon).

5

Authors: P. I. Gladkikh, A. A. Kalamaiko, I. M. Karnaukhov, A. O. Mytsykov, A. Y. Zelinsky

NESTOR is the hard X-ray source that is under commissioning at NSC KIPT. NESTOR based on the Compton scattering of laser photons on relativistic electrons. The structure of the facility can be represented as the following components: a linear accelerator, a transport channel, a storage ring, and a laser-optical system. Electrons are stored in the storage ring for energy of 40-200 MeV. Inevitable alignment errors of magnetic elements are strongly effect on the beam dynamics in the storage ring. These errors lead to a shift of the equilibrium orbit relative to the ideal one. Significant shift of the equilibrium orbit could lead to loss of the beam on physical apertures. Transverse sizes of electron and laser beams are only few tens of microns at the interaction point. The shift of electron beam at the interaction point could greatly complicate the operation adjustment of storage ring without sufficient beam position diagnostic system. This article presents the simulation results of the efficiency of electron beam accumulation in the NESTOR storage ring. Also, this article is devoted to electron beam dynamics due to alignment errors of magnetic element in the ring.

7

Authors: A. E. Kokorev, V. M. Trusova, K. O. Vus, U. K. Tarabara, G. P. Gorbenko

Amyloid fibrils are highly ordered insoluble protein aggregates that are involved in molecular etiology of a number of severe disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s and prion’s diseases, some types of systemic amyloidosis, etc. One of the most effective approaches to detecting the amyloid fibrils is based on monitoring the spectral behavior of specific fluorescent dye Thioflavin T (ThT). Using the molecular docking and molecular dynamics tools, such as PatchDock, FireDock, CreateFibril and GROMACS, the model of twisted K-peptide fibril that supposedly represent the core region of lysozyme amyloid fibrils, has been constructed and analyzed. The effect of fibril twisting angle on the binding characteristics of ThT has been evaluated. The results obtained strongly suggest that ThT specificity for the twisted ribbon fibril polymorphs is primarily determined by the curvature effects rather than amino acid composition of fibril grooveswhich accomodate ThT molecule.

8

Authors: Yu. V. Kulish, E. V. Rybachuk

It is shown that an integral corresponding to the contribution of one particle to equal-time commutator of quantized scalar fields diverges in a reality, contrary to usual assumption that this integral vanishes. It means that commutator of scalar fields does not vanish for space-like intervals between the field coordinates. In relation with this divergence the generalization of the Klein-Gordon equation is considered. The generalized equation is presented as products of the operators for the Klein-Gordon equation with different masses. The solutions of derived homogeneous equations are sums of fields, corresponding to particles with the same values of the spin, the electric charge, the parities, but with different masses. Such particles are grouped into the kinds (or families, or dynasties) with members which are the particle generations. The commutator of fields for the kinds of particles can be presented as sum of the products of the commutators for one particle and the definite coefficients. The sums of these coefficients for all the generation equal zero. The sums of the products of these coefficients and the particle masses to some powers equal zero too, i.e., for these coefficients some relations exist. In consequence of these relations the commutators of the fields for the particle generations vanish on space-like intervals. Thus, the locality (the microcausality) is valid for the fields of the particle kinds. It is possible if the number of the generations is greater than two.

11

Authors: V. B. Ivanskyi, O. N. Letuchyy, А. N. Orobinskyi, V. E. Ostrovskykh, H. V. Siroko

The energy and pulse height spectrums after passage of neutron radiation through samples of materialsmost often used to protect against neutron radiation (paraffin, paraffin with boric acid, paraffin with boric acid and lead, polyethylene, polyethylene with boron and boron carbide) are measured using a PuBe neutron source using a NEMUS spectrometer on Bonner spheres with 3He -counter. The values of linear attenuation coefficients and neutron relaxation lengths in these materials, neutron spectra for these materials are given. The percentage of neutrons in the energy subbands is determined according to the radiation weighting factor. The neutron flux density, the ambient dose equivalent power, the absorbed dose rate in the neutron radiation air, the transition coefficients from the neutron fluence to the ambient dose equivalent and average neutron radiation energy are measured. Calculation of energy spectrum, basic characteristics of neutron radiation and extended uncertainties is performed by the MAXED (maximum entropy and deconvolution), applying the Bayes theorem, method using the UMG_3.3 software.

12

Authors: V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko, U. Tarabara, K. Vus, O. Ryzhova

The protolytic and partition equilibria of the indicator dyes in the model lipid and protein-lipid systems have been analyzed. A methodological approach has been developed allowing the partition coefficients of the protonated and deprotonated dye forms to be derived from the spectrophotometric measurements. The partitioning of the indicator dye bromothymol blue into the model bilayer membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin (9:1, mol:mol) has been examined. The partition coefficient of the protonated dye species into a lipid phase has been found to be 5 orders of magnitude higher than that of the deprotonated dye form. This effect has been interpreted in terms of the differences in the charge distribution over the protonated and deprotonated dye ions, preventing the hydrophobic dye-lipid interactions in the latter case. The reduction of the bromothymol blue partitioning into lipid bilayer in the presence of hemoglobin has been attributed to the protein-induced changes in the structure and physicochemical characteristics of the interfacial membrane region. In the practical aspect, the obtained findings may prove of significance in the design of hemosome-based blood substitutes and elucidating the role of hemoglobin in the molecular etiology of the amyloid disorders, particularly, Alzheimer's disease.

5

Authors: I. M. Pankratov, V. Y. Bochko

The energy of disruption generated runaway electrons can reach as high as tens of megaelectronvolt and they can cause a serious damage of plasma-facing-component surfaces in large tokamaks like International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The synchrotron radiation diagnostic allows a direct observation of such runaway electrons and an analysis of their parameters and promotes the safety operation of present day large tokamaks and future ITER. Only this diagnostic will be applied in ITER. In the paper detail analysis of the synchrotron radiation spectra of runaway electrons for the recent Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST, Institute of Plasma Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences) experiment parameters has been presented. The calculations are carried out on the base of precise expression for synchrotron radiation spectral density. They make more precise spectra analysis of the previous paper by Zhou R.J., Pankratov I.M., Hu L.Q., et al. (Physics of Plasmas, 2014, Vol. 21, No. 6, 063302). Obtained results are important for correct interpretation of runaway EAST experiments and runaway experiments in other tokamaks.

5

Authors: V. G. Kirichenko, V. A. Kobylnik, T. A. Kovalenko, O. A. Usatova

The study of phase transformations in intermetallic phases, which are released in the form of fine-dispersed inclusions in binary alloys based on zirconium Zr - 1.03 at. % Fe; Zr - 0.51 at. % Fe; after ion irradiation and subsequent isothermal annealing was carried out. Mössbauer spectroscopy on 57Fe nuclei in backscattering geometry with registration of internal conversion electrons, X-ray spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy were used. As a result, the observed segregation and phase composition of the intermetallic phases in the surface layer change under ion irradiation. Subsequent isothermal annealing after irradiation leads to a change in the concentration of inclusions of intermetallic phases and phase modification in the surface layer.

6

Authors: O. A. Bizyukov, O. D. Chibisov, O. I. Kutenko

The evaporation possibility of micro sized metallic particles during them passage through the region of a magnetized plasma with a Maxwellian velocity distribution with the electron temperature in the range Te=1...100eV at presence of an ion beam with the energy in the range εb=1...6keV is studied theoretically. The floating potential of a macroparticle is obtained using the OML theory, the effect of the electron temperature and the energy of the ion beam on its magnitude is studied. The equation of energy balance on the macroparticle surface is obtained, such energy exchange mechanisms as collisions of particles of an ion beam and plasma particles with the macroparticle, thermal radiation of the macroparticle, as well as cooling due to the evaporation of substance from the macroparticle surface are taken into account. The effect of the temperature of plasma electrons and the ion beam energy on the stationary temperature of the macroparticle is studied. It is shown that for the given plasma and ion beam parameters, the temperature of the copper macroparticle is below the boiling point so that the evaporation of the macroparticle occurs at temperatures below the boiling point. The dependences of the macroparticle evaporation time on the electron temperature and the energy of the ion beam have been obtained.

7

Authors: V. M. Svishch

The entrainment of the light flux by a uniaxial anisotropic medium and its influence on the measurement of stellar aberration are analyzed. The influence of the entrainment of the light flux by an isotropic medium on the measurement of stellar aberration was considered by Fresnel early. The absence of such influence was confirmed by Erie's experience when filling the telescope tube with water. The formula itself was perfectly confirmed by Fizeau's experiments with moving water and the repetition of this experiment with an increase in the accuracy of measurements by Michelson, Zeeman, and others. G.A. Lorentz already on the basis of the electromagnetic theory specified the formula with allowance for the frequency dispersion of the light flux. A. Einstein made an analysis of the schemes of experiments for determining the drag coefficient, covering all possible variants of similar experiments. As a result, he obtained Fresnel and Lorentz formulas, taking into account the frequency dispersion of light, starting from the theory of relativity. The entrainment of light and its influence on the measurement of stellar aberration by a uniaxial anisotropic medium have not been considered anywhere. An analysis of such influence is carried out. The results of the analysis indicate the possibility of measuring the current value of stellar aberration using a uniaxial anisotropic medium. The concept of active light aberration is introduced. The proposed schemes of experiments of using the entrainment of a light flux by an anisotropic substance for measuring the current value of stellar aberration are investigated. It is concluded that it is possible to study the determination of the current velocity of an inertial system relative to the light flux.

7

Authors: P. I. Gladkikh, A. A. Kalamaiko, I. M. Karnaukhov

NESTOR is the hard X-ray source that is under commissioning at NSC KIPT. NESTOR based on the Compton scattering of laser photons on relativistic electrons. The structure of the facility can be represented as the following components: a linear accelerator, a transport channel, a storage ring, and a laser-optical system. Electrons are stored in the storage ring for energy of 40-225 MeV, laser photons are accumulated in the optical resonator. The frequencies of laser and electron bunches are synchronized, the interaction point located in the optical resonator. The measurements showed that parameters of the manufactured bending magnets different from the design ones. The bending magnets have different field index, besides the vertical focusing forces are significantly lower than designed ones. The beam dynamics simulation showed that due to decreasing of the vertical focusing the vertical betatron frequency becomes close to the frequency of the integer resonance Q = 2, as a result the vertical motion in the ring is unstable [1]. The second reason for optimization is the need to increase the length of the drift space for optical resonator. The results of optimization are presented in this paper.

8

Authors: K. Vus, U. Tarabara, K. Semenova, V. Viter, O. Nikitina, V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko

The applicability of Auramine O to the detection and characterization of lysozyme and serum albumin amyloid fibrils has been assessed using the fluorimetric titration and molecular docking. The parameters of the dye binding to native and fibrillar proteins were estimated in terms of the Langmuir adsorption model. It was found that Auramine O displays the high affinity for amyloid fibrils, being of the same order of magnitude as that of the classical amyloid markers. The dye also showed greater fluorescence response to lysozyme fibrils and lower sensitivity to the native protein, than Thioflavin T. Furthermore, unlike Thioflavin T, Auramine O was able to detect the morphological differences between lysozyme and albumin fibrils due to the shifts in the position of the emission maxima of the fibril-incorporated fluorophore. The molecular docking studies revealed that Auramine O and Thioflavin T form the most stable complexes with the G54_L56/S60_W62 groove of lysozyme fibrils, running parallel to the fibril axis. The results obtained suggest the contribution of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions to the stabilization of the dye complexes with amyloid fibrils.

14

Authors: Yu. M. Poluektov, A. A. Soroka

For the ideal Fermi gas that fills the space inside a cylindrical tube, there are calculated the thermodynamic characteristics in general form for arbitrary temperatures, namely: the thermodynamic potential, energy, entropy, equations of state, heat capacities and compressibilities. All these quantities are expressed through the introduced standard functions and their derivatives. The radius of the tube is considered as an additional thermodynamic variable. It is shown that at low temperatures in the quasi-one-dimensional case the temperature dependencies of the entropy and heat capacities remain linear. The dependencies of the entropy and heat capacities on the chemical potential have sharp maximums at the points where the filling of a new discrete level begins. The character of dependencies of thermodynamic quantities on the tube radius proves to be qualitatively different in the cases of fixed linear and fixed total density. At the fixed linear density these dependencies are monotonous and at the fixed total density they have an oscillating character.