International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems

8

Authors: BaozhuWang, Xiuying Chang, Cuixiang Liu

This paper presents the procedures of face segmentation in the color image based on skin detection through the establishment of skin model and the segmentation of skin region. Firstly, in order to reduce the effect of factors on the segmentation of face region, a method for compensating the color of input images is used to alleviate the interferences from bad illuminating conditions. Secondly, Gaussian model about skin information is established which can be used to detect skin pixels in color images and transform color images to gray-scale images. Thirdly, a new algorithm of Otsu is used to find out the skin regions in binary images. Finally, mathematical morphology operator and prior knowledge are used to find out the face regions and discard regions that are similar to the skin in color. This method can deal with various sizes of faces, different illumination conditions, diverse poses and changeable expressions. In particular, the scheme significantly increases the execution speed of the face segmentation algorithm in the case of complex backgrounds. The experiments show that this method reduces the computation of the procedure, and at the same time improves the detection speed and efficiency.

8

Authors: Yueqiu Jiang, Hongwei Gao, Lei Jin

It is a fundamental problem to calculate target area in pattern recognition. This paper compares the common algorithms for calculating target area, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms. In order to overcome the shortcomings of common algorithms and obtain a more simple and effective algorithm, the knowledge of mathematical morphology is studied. Then, a new algorithm based on an improved algorithm of contour extracting for calculating target area is proposed. The algorithm will obtain the coordinate and type information of the contour points by extracting the contour of the target region and calculate the target area based on weighting summation of the abscissa of contour point. At last, detect whether the algorithm is effective and practical or not by comparing with several common algorithms. The result of experiment shows that this algorithm is simple, effective and easy to implement.

9

Authors: Kei Eguchi, Ichirou Oota, Shinya Terada, Hongbing Zhu

In signal processing circuits of a RDIF tag, the relaxation of restriction concerning operating voltage range enables us to develop various applications. In order to provide higher voltage to the signal processing circuit, two types of step-up AC-DC converters for RFID tags are proposed in this paper: the step-up converter and the step-up converter. To reduce ripple noise of output voltage, the proposed converters consist of 2 charge-pump type AC-DC converters with opposite polarities. Unlike conventional converters, the proposed converters can offer higher output voltages by realizing / step-up conversion. Furthermore, as for the step-up converter, the circuit size of the proposed converter is almost the same as that of the Cockcroft-Walton type AC-DC converter. The properties of the proposed converters are clarified by theoretical analyses. The theoretical formulas can derive the equivalent circuits, output voltages, and power efficiency. Furthermore, SPICE simulations and the experiments showed the validity of theoretical formulas and circuit design.

7

Authors: Masaya Kumagai, Yasuo Musashi, Dennis Arturo Ludena Romana

We performed statistical analysis on the total PTR resource record (RR) based DNS query packet traffic from a university campus network to the top domain DNS server through March 14th, 2009, when the network servers in the campus network were under inbound SSH dictionary attack. The interesting results are obtained, as follows: (1) the network servers, especially those providing SSH services, generated the significant PTR RR based DNS query request packet traffic through 07:30-08:30 in March 14th, 2009, (2) we calculated sample variance for the DNS query request packet traffic, (3) the variance can change in a sharp manner through 07:30-08:30, (4) we developed a couple of DNS based SSH detection technologies by employing the PTR RR DNS query request packet traffic variance- and the DNS query keywords Euclid distance based methods, and (5) we evaluated and compared the both detection rates. As a result, although the both detection technologies take high detection rates, the Euclid distance based detection technology can take a low false positive rate than that of the variance based one, indicating that we can detect the inbound SSH dictionary attack to the network server in the campus network by observing the total PTR RR DNS query request packet traffic from the campus network.

8

Authors: Yongxin Feng, Wenbo Zhang

In wireless sensor network the bad distribution for cluster head was not taken into account in traditional clustering algorithm such as LEACH algorithm. However the distribution uniformity for the cluster head in wireless sensor networks is very critical, for the better cluster head distribution could effectively save the communication cost and prolong the the lifespan of the network. The math programming approach that we use in this paper is based on a variation of a maximal expected covering location model due to Daskin. Daskin introduced a variant of the MCLP that considers the possibility that facilities may be unable to respond to demand at all times. The resultant model was labeled as MEXCLP (Maximum Expected Covering Location Problem). So we put forward the MEXCLP algorithm for clustering according to the greatest expectations of coverage principle, in this algorithm the cluster head was taken regarded as the provider of services, the cluster head could provide service to the member nodes in the cluster. The algorithm considers the process of service failure (link failure, and so on), and it is based on the assumption of probability of the services failure, a reasonable choice through the head cluster node enables network nodes be served with the largest request number. From the simulation results can be see that the MEXCLP algorithm is more uniformed in finding head cluster, and under the same failure rate circumstances, MEXCLP algorithm may provide more efficient service and consume less energy than the LEACH algorithm. So this clustering algorithm could effectively and efficiently be suitable to the wireless sensor network and provide more reliable service for the sensor nodes in the cluster.

8

Authors: Yimin Qiu, Jinguang Gu, Hongbing Zhu, Yi Zhou

In the past years there has been an enormous growth in the use of Internet, and new real-time connectionoriented services like streaming technologies and mission-critical transaction-oriented services are in use and new ones are currently emerging. The research on more reliable network becomes an inevitable trend presently. MPLS is a next generation backbone architecture, which can speed up packet forwarding to destination by label switching. However, if there is not a backup LSP when the primary LSP fails, MPLS frames cannot be forwarded to destination. Therefore, fault recovery has become an important research area in MPLS Traffic Engineering. At present, Protection Switching can be approached by two famous methods, Makam and Haskin based on which other methods basically come into being. When the place of failure is away from ingress node, a problem will come out. These two famous methods both have their disadvantage. In order to minimize or eliminate their drawback, this thesis tries to do some exploration on the MPLS-based recovery model. The model in the thesis using the Reverse Backup Path to solve the loop of data back to the path is too long, and the simulation experiment shows that new method of MPLS-based recovery has less packet disorder and much lower delay and packet losses.

8

Authors: Jie Li, Hexu Sun, Zhaoming Lei

SRM has become an attractive alternative in adjustable speed drive due to its simplicity in both motor construction and power converter, and vibration that causes acoustic noise in SRM have generated intense interest from the time it became commercially competitive with dc and ac drives. Basically, there are two conventional ways to reduce the noise: optimize the physical structure of the motor, or, choose appropriate control strategies. In this paper, a new method is proposed to combine these two optimization ways together: harmony optimization of SRM. Physical design is mainly aiming at the back iron thickness and the air gap length of the motor. Control optimization is about the control mode, turn-on and the turn-off angle which affects the power factor strongly. Based on the same cooper losses, the mathematics analysis and finite element simulation are carried out. The results show that the harmony optimization will reduce the vibration and torque ripple in a large extent without extra power losses.

8

Authors: Peng Yang, Shujuan Zhu

The electric care bed control system is divided into three modules, which are physiologic parameter detection module, human-computer interaction module and motor drive module (MDM). Those modules communicate with each other by controller area network (CAN) bus. Under the idea of modular design, a plug and play (PnP) multifunctional motor drive module (MDM) is developed. This MDM has a CAN interface which can make it possible to communicate with human-computer interaction module, and then control the position closed-loop and speed closedloop. The MDM based on CAN bus will be more efficient in communication and system expansion and make the electric care bed function perfectly.

8

Authors: Yang Yu, Chao Han

Shield is a typical mechanical, electrical, hydraulic integration of equipment. Its faults species are complex and diverse. To prevent because machine failure causes economic losses and casualties by shield, this article will introduces rough set theory to the subway shield machine fault diagnosis, propose a method which is based on rough set theory combined with neural network of Metro shield machine fault diagnosis. Use the strong advantage of rough sets theory in attribute reduction, and remove the data redundancy of information which is not effective for decisionmaking. Application of neural network algorithm to reduce date for diagnosis, the method can effectively improve the speed and accuracy of the diagnosis. Then use BP neural network combined with least square method to forecast fault, the least-square can reflect the trend of linear sequence, Neural network can seize the variation of nonlinear time series, therefore the combination of two methods could well predict the future of unit operating conditions.

7

Authors: Chao Gao, Jianhua Lu, Guorong Zhao, Shuang Pan

The necessity recurrently comes to align a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) in a moving vehicle to guarantee the accuracy and efficiency in the long run-off of the inertial system after a take-off or launch command is issued. This in-flight alignment is therefore achieved by integrating SINS data with some external aiding source inlcluding airborne navigation equipments and networking sensors. In this paper, a localization architecture and alignment scheme is presented for aircraft in a three-demensional fleet network, which is based on wireless sensor network. Firstly, a 3D node localization scheme is designed based on weighed-multidimensional scaling, which adopt spherical locating in the initial stage, and adaptively choose source nodes with high relative reliability to achieve position update. Then a robust filter algorithm is applied to compensate time-varying delay error and large azimuth uncertainty in alignment. Extensive simulation shows that the DMDG-3D localization scheme can provide highly accurate and relatively reliable navigation information in real time, and filter algorithm can accelerate convergence and give better estimation of the navigation parameters.

8

Authors: Shurui Fan, Fei Li, Jie Li, Hexu Sun

Network scheduling plays an important role in Network Control System (NCS). Focused on problems of the present scheduling of CAN bus, an improved Mixed Traffic Scheduling algorithm (MTS) was proposed on the base of the communication principle of network scheduling. The cut-off time was denoted after introducing the definitions about the scheduling. The NCS model for CAN Network was created then. The simulation platform was created based on MATLAB/True Time toolbox, construed the new schedule affected the control system. The simulation test was conducted and the result proved the validity of the method.

9

Authors: Yali Lv, Shizhong Liao

The integration of uncertain information from different time sources is a crucial issue in various applications. In this paper, we propose an integration method of multiple Temporal Qualitative Probabilistic Networks (TQPNs) in time series environments. First, we present the method for learning TQPN from time series data. The TQPN’s structure is constructed using Dynamic Bayesian Networks learning based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Furthermore, the corresponding qualitative influences are obtained by the conditional probabilities. Secondly, based on rough set theory, we integrate multiple TQPNs into a single QPN that preserves as much information as possible. Specifically, we take the rough-set-based dependency degree as the strength of qualitative influence, and then make the rules to solve the ambiguities reduction and cycles deletion problems which arise from the integration of different TQPNs. Finally, we verify the feasibility of the integration method by the simulation experiments.

7

Authors: Shanjun Zhang, Kazuyoshi Yoshino, Hongbing Zhu

With the progress of the internet, many import documents can be found online. It is vital to protect the safety and genuineness of the seals in the published documents. In this paper, A fragile watermarking scheme is proposed to extract the features from the original documents and then combine them with some confidential parameters to generate watermarked unique seals from the official seals without affecting the layout and the visible image of the original ones.

8

Authors: Guoqing Xu, Yangsheng Wang, Jituo Li, Xiaoxu Zhou

A precise iris center and eye corners detection algorithm is proposed. The work is based on common web cameras and natural light condition instead of high resolution devices and infrared illumination. The algorithm includes two parts. Firstly, the face region is detected with Adaboost method. Moreover, Active Appearance Models is used to locate the rough area of the eyes. Secondly, an improved local projection function and circle integral algorithm is presented. Based on this algorithm, the iris center and eye corners in the eye region can be precisely located. The experiments show a high accuracy. Compared with the existing methods, this algorithm provides a more reliable application in the gaze based aids tools for disabled people, such as cerebral palsy patients.