Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

117-120

Authors: Ryan Saktika Mulyana, I. Ketut Suwiyoga and I. Gede Mega Putra

Cross-sectional study, study was held in Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Anatomic Pathology and Medical Records of Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, which was conducted from July 2011 until July 2013 with 44 pieces sample of paraffin blocks. Paraffin blocks sample are grouped based on the stage of ovarian cancer, namely: ovarian cancer stage I, II, III, and IV. Then each group of stage was examined the expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemical techniques and assessing their correlation between HER2/neu expression and stage of ovarian cancer using the Spearman test. Mean age, Body Mass Index (BMI), parity, and history of hormonal contraceptives on four groups of ovarian cancer stage were homogeneous. Based on the correlation test was obtained that correlation r value was 0.203 (p = 0,185), indicated that there was no correlation between the stage of ovarian cancer and expression of HER2/neu. Her2/neu expression was not correlated with stage of ovarian cancer. Keyword: Her2/neu expression and stage of ovarian cancer.

109-116

Authors: Yassin Mustafa M. D., Khatib Muhammad M. D., Garti Avraham M. D., Saffuri Husam M. D. Nibal Abu-Ahmad MSc and Prof. Dr. Bowirrat Abdalla M. D., Ph.D

Since the average of life expectancy continues to ascend, the number of elderly people increases remarkably. Simultaneously, musculoskeletal diseases including PD and related disorders rise. Hip fractures, particularly in PD patients, should not be viewed as a routine public health concern that need orthopedic intervention only, but it is a challenge with consequences that override the orthopedic problem. The aim of this manuscript is to shed light and to try to identify the underlying causes of and circumstances surrounding the fall and hip fractures in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, in order to find prevention strategies and choose appropriate therapy. We have analyzed, discussed and overviewed the latest updates of the medical literature concerning PD and the orthopedic complications. PD is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rest tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and loss of postural reflexes, leading to immobility and gait disturbance. The usual age of onset is between the sixth and eighth decades. Globally, the percentage of elderly aged 65 years and over was calculated to be 8 percent (521 million) in 2011 and it is expected to be 11 percent (939 million) of the total global population by 2030. Hip fractures are life-threatening and frustrated quandary that is usually seen among elderly people that requires high economic expenses. Plethora of factors contributes to falls and to increased risk of hip fractures in patients with PD. These factors include potential physiological aging changes and medical causes. One should try to identify the underlying causes of and circumstances surrounding the fall and hip fractures in PD patients specifically, in order to find prevention strategies and choose appropriate therapy by taking a multidisciplinary approach interventions that include neurologist, physiatrist, podiatrist, and family or caregivers the thing that will result in optimal outcomes for patients with PD. Keywords: Parkinson’ disease, Postural instability, Falls, Hip fractures, Prevention

097-108

Authors: Teshager Dubie, Getachew Terefe, Mebratu Asaye and Tesfaye Sisay

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoal disease, which is capable of infecting any warm-blooded animals, including humans. Wild and domestic cats are the only known definitive hosts of Toxoplasma; they can develop both systemic and patent intestinal infection. All other animals and humans serve as intermediate hosts in which the parasite may cause systemic infection, which typically results in the formation of tissue cysts. In all species, Toxoplasma infection is usually subclinical, although it may occasionally cause mild, non-specific signs. Infection may have much more serious consequences in immunocompromised or pregnant animals and people and HIV AIDS patients. The major modes of transmission include consumption of undercooked meat containing Toxoplasma cysts, fecal-oral transfer of Toxoplasma oocysts from cat feces (either directly or in contaminated food, water or soil), and vertical transmission from mother to fetus if primary infection occurs during pregnancy. The major public health significance is the risk of having cats in the same hold with pregnant women, children and immunocompromised patients which are highly susceptible to the disease. When women are exposed during pregnancy, brith defects such as abortion, still birth, blindness and hydrocephalus are the most commonly encountered congenital defects. The economic significance of T.gondii is mainly due to reproductive failure in animals, condemnation of meat and wastage of milk, treatment cost in humans and vaccination cost in cats. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, Public health, Definitive host, Intermediate host.

084-096

Authors: Adem Togal, Bozkurt Gulek, Gokhan Soker, Omer Kaya, Mehmet Sirik, Eda Soker, and Ayse Yildirim Celikdemir

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a superb modality in the examination and evaluation of the musculoskeletal system, and in particular, the knee joint. The superiority of MRI in knee joint imaging is due to its certain advantages over other imaging modalitites. First of all MRI is a noninvasive modality. It also can obtain direct multiplanar visualization, and has overwhelming superiority in assessing soft tissue contrast. In this study, the imaging data from knee joint imaging done by a 0.2 T low field-strength open MR scanner was evaluated and compared with the literatuıre data obtained from 1.5 T high field-strength MR imaging, and it was seen that the two groups of data were similar and in congruence. This finding led us to the conclusion that low field-strength MR imaging is as effective as 1.5 T high-field MR imaging in the evaluation of the knee joint, and it can well be utilized especially in patients who suffer clostrophobia and other restrictive conditions which prohibit them from getting into a closed-bore system. Keywords: Knee, MRI, Low field-strength MRI, Open MRI, Permanent magnet MRI

081-083

Authors: Ümran Toru

Invasion of the chest wall by lung cancer is a rare condition. In the following report, we presented a case of squamous cell lung carcinoma causing an expansive mass lesion on chest wall. Keywords: Lung cancer, Chest wall, Invasion, Carcinoma, Squamous cell.