Advances in Astrophysics

3

Authors: Dapeng Qian

Based on an improved special relativity that accommodates to the uncertainty principle, a theoretical relationship between the Hubble constant and several fundamental constants has been derived, resulting in the calculated value of H0=70.937km·s-1·Mpc-1, which compares extremely well with current measured results. The new equation and underlying theory also shed new light into the mystery of the Dirac large numbers problem. Finally, this paper mentions also an important experiment to test the improved special relativity.

7

Authors: Lukasz Andrzej Glinka, Patrick Linker

Quantum General Relativity of a higher dimensional Riemannian manifold being an embedded space in a space-time being a Lorentzian manifold is investigated through a technique of differential topology. Consequently, in the reduced model of quantum geometrodynamics, the Wheeler-DeWitt equation is replaced through a first order functional quantum evolution and a supplementary eigenequation for a scalar curvature of an embedded space. The phenomenological approach, in the framework of objective quantum gravity and global one-dimensional conjecture, is applied in order to make the standard formalism of quantum mechanics applicable to quantum gravity, beyond a Feynman path integral and a Wilson loop techniques. It leads to the wave function which refers to quantum tunnelling through a manifestly exponential form and is determined through energy density of matter fields and a cosmological constant, and physical interpretation of quantum gravity through the Tomonaga-Schwinger equation and the Dirac interaction picture of relativistic quantum mechanics. The resulting model of quantum gravity creates the opportunity of potentially new theoretical and phenomenological applications for astrophysics, cosmology, and physics.

7

Authors: Shri Ram, S. Chandel, M. K. Verma

In this paper, we obtain an anisotropic general Bianchi type cosmological model in the presence of a bulk viscous fluid. The exact solution of Einstein’s field equations is obtained by utilizing a special form of time-varying deceleration parameter that gives an early decelerating and late-time accelerating model of the universe. The physical and geometrical features of the cosmological model are discussed during the evolution of the universe. We observed that the universe accelerates in time and asymptotically tends towards a static homogeneous universe.

10

Authors: Robert L. Shuler

This paper investigates a least-time (or fastest-path) two-point algorithm for numerically propagating a light ray in a gravitational field using anisotropic coordinate velocity and distantobserver coordinates. Rather than imaging or ray tracing, the objective is to support analysis of fundamentals and to be able to find null geodesics in arbitrary metrics. First we establish that results agree with geodesic paths in regard to bending angles to very high accuracy. Then we investigate the bending rate of two coordinate bending angles, wave and displacement, and find that wave angle illustrates well-known points about spatial and time components of light bending, while the displacement angle leads to simple analytic description of Einstein’s comment about the relation between these components, and a new figure showing the compatibility of light bending and equivalence. A second analysis compares light bending near a neutron star for Schwarzschild and one alternate metric to evaluate feasibility of future experiments. Two methods of extension to non-light speed objects are discussed.