ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

05

Authors: M. Kumari, S. Gouda, M. A. Ofoeze, N. R. Singh and S. Kumar

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plants mostly seen in leaves and some eukaryotic algae that provides the primary sources of the world’s food productivity. Plastids of higher plants are generally semiautonomous with a ~120–150 kb genome. Chloroplast transformation has become an attractive alternative to nuclear gene transformation due to its advantages, high protein levels, the feasibility of expressing multiple proteins from polycistronic mRNAs, and gene containment through the lack of pollen transmission. The review presents the recent trends and methods for plastid genome engineering and transgene expression and summarizes the potential of plastid transformation in various fields of biotechnology and also as a source of therapeutic proteins.

08

Authors: Ensibi Cherif, Lahbib Karima, Mrabet Charaf, Mohamed Nejib Daly Yahia

The ink secretion of molluscan species was identified as one of the novel sources of bioactive compounds. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Aplysia depilans ink extract. The antioxidant activity of ink extract were evaluated using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Ferric ion reducing power (FRP) and Ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activity. The results from the present work revealed the strongest antioxidant activity of Aplysia depilans ink. The electrophoretic profile showed band with molecular weight of 60 kDa. The highest antioxidant activity in ink extract probably may be due to the presence of this protein with lower moleculair weight

07

Authors: Cherif Ensibi, Francisco Soler Rodríguez, Prado Míguez Santiyán, Mohamed Nejib Daly Yahya, Marcos Pérez-López, David Hernández Moreno

We investigated the levels of Zn(II], Pb(II] and Cd(II] in livers and muscles of the wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos) hunting in El Melah lagoon in northeastern Tunisia from December 2010. Analysis of variance shows that no significant differences in metals levels were found between samples, but it should be pointed out that the number of samples was small. HSD Tukey test show that the amount of Cd(II], Zn(II] and Pb(II] in the levers was higher than in the muscles. The results obtained suggest the importance of wild ducks as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution.

10

Authors: Emna Zouaoui, Ferial Krid, Sihem Kharraf and M. S. Medjram

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of acetylsalicylic acid on carbon steel has been studied using electrochemical measurements. Results showed that: The inhibition efficiency values give maximum inhibition at the concentration of 300 ppm and decrease back. They decreased with increasing temperature. Polarization studies showed that this compound is an anodic inhibitor for carbon steel in decanted water from a tank bottom hydrocarbon storage (East Region Transport: Skikda Algeria ). The inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface is found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The values of thermodynamic parameters, such as Kads, G°ads, H°ads and S°ads are calculated.

08

Authors: Lamia Lounaci, Souad Athmani-Guemouri

Les tests ont porté sur l’action de P. polymyxa SGK2 à l’égard de F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. verticillioides et M. nivale agents de la fusariose du blé dur en Algérie. La technique de confrontation directe en boîtes de Petri met en évidence une action inhibitrice caractérisée par un ralentissement de la croissance mycélienne. Après 7 jours d’incubation, un arrêt à distance des colonies du pathogène est observé. Nous étions également attachés à rechercher le (ou les) moyen utilisé par P. polymyxa SGK2 pour inhiber la croissance des mycètes tests. Cette capacité naturelle agit par la synthèse d'une (ou des) substance constitutive inhibitrice de la croissance des quatre champignons sur le milieu King B, d'une (ou des) substance inductible inhibitrice de la croissance du F. culmorum et F. graminearum sur le même milieu, et d'une (ou des) substance volatile inhibitrice de la croissance des quatre mycètes sur les milieux King B et PDA.

11

Authors: Nabil GHEDADBA, Leila HAMBABA, M. C. ABERKANE, S. M. Oueld-Mokhtar, Nassima FERCHA, Houas BOUSSELSELA.

L'objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer in vitro l’activité hémostatique des métabolites secondaires des feuilles de Marrubium vulgare. L’analyse qualitative de l’extrait aqueux (EAQ) par la chromatographie sur couche mince a révélé la présence de la quercétine, la rutine et le kaempférol. La quantification des phénols totaux par la méthode de Folin Ciocalteu et des flavonoïdes par la méthode AlCl3 a donné des valeurs élevées avec l’EAQ : 175 ± 0,80 mg EAG/100g de MS, 23,86 ± 0,36 mg EQ/100g de MS. De plus, le dosage des tanins condensés par la méthode de la vanilline a montré que l’EAQ contient la valeur la plus élevée : 16,55 ± 0,03 mg E-Catéchine/100g de MS. L’évaluation de l’activité hémostatique par la méthode de recalcification du plasma décalcifié nous a permis de découvrir l’effet anticoagulant de l’EAQ lyophilisé des feuilles de M. vulgare. Une corrélation linéaire positive entre les deux paramètres étudiés (la teneur en tanins condensés et l’activité hémostatique (r = 0,96)) ont permis de mettre en évidence un rôle probable de ces composés qui sont des vaso-constricteurs puissants dans l’activité hémostatique.

07

Authors: Meriem TOUAIBIA, Fatma Zohra CHAOUCH, Cherifa CHAOUIA, Hamida CHERIF

Cette étude est basée sur la valorisation d'une plante endémique du Sahara Algérien: l'espèce Myrtus nivellei Batt & Trab. L’extraction de sa fraction aromatique volatile et de ses composés polaires offre de nouvelles perspectives sur ses éventuelles propriétés pharmacologiques. L'huile essentielle, extraite par entrainement à la vapeur, a donné un rendement de 2,91%. L'analyse de sa composition chimique par CG/SM a révélé la présence d'une forte proportion en sesquiterpènes hydrocarbonés (δ-elemene 15,69% et Azulène 6,18%), en monoterpènes oxygénés (1,8 cinéole 12,06%) et en alcools monoterpéniques (α-terpinéol 13,01%). L'analyse de l'extrait ethanolique a révélé sa richesse en polyphenols totaux (734 μg eq/mg ES), en flavonoïdes (181,1 μg eq/mg ES), en flavonols (711,75 μg eq/mg ES), en anthocyanes (25,5 μg eq/mg ES) et en sucres totaux (17,26 μg eq/mg ES), alors que l'extraits méthanolique a présenté des teneurs moindres mais s'est montré remarquablement riche en tanins (155,27 μg eq/mg ES).

13

Authors: Afaf BENHOUDA *, Mouloud YAHIA, Djahida BENHOUDA, Nor Elhouda BOUSNANE, Souhila BENBIA, Nor Elhouda HANNACHI, Abdelmoudjib GHECHAM

Our objectives were to investigate the antioxidant activity by the means of two methods: the β-carotene bleaching method and DPPH assay as well as testing the antimicrobial activity by the Agar-gel diffusion method and the microdilution method with liquid medium of the extracts (EEp, EChl and EMeOH) of the leaves of H. albus and (EEp, EChl and EMeOH) of U. rupestris. The quantitative analysis are showed that the highest content of total phenolic was concentrated in the butanolic extract of H.albus with 111 .1 ± 1.82 μg EAG/mg of extracts, in the second level the methanolic extract of U. rupestris with 105.7±0.37 μg EAG/mg of extracts. The content of flavonoids was determined by specrophotometry and showed the presence of these compounds in the all extracts from the two plants. In the β-carotene bleaching test, the EMeOH of H.albus displayed highest antioxidant activity (76.00 %) and the EMeOH extract with a radical-scavenging activity (72.97%). On the other hand, the quantitative evaluation of the antiradical activity towards DPPH showed that the EMeOH of U. rupestris is the most active (IC50 = 35.33 ± 0.136 μg/ml) followed by the EMeOH (IC50 = 75.19 ± 0.211 μg/ml) of H. albus. All the polar extracts of the two plants reacted positively at least on one of the bacterial strains tested. These extracts showed different activities and the CMI were determined starting from the most active extracts in gelose medium, Extract EBut of H.albus testified to a strong antimicrobial activity followed by the EMe of U. rupestris. Results of the anticandidose activity showed the inefficiency of the all extracts against the yeast Candida albicans.