M.I.R. (Modernization. Innovation. Research)

338-357

Authors: Pisareva O. M.

Purpose: the purpose of the research is to determine the essence and role of the value approach to setting and solving goal-setting tasks in the system of state strategic planning in conjunction with the analysis of the correlation of goals and interests of economic agents in the conditions of realization of property rights to natural and intellectual resources of the development of the social state. Methods: the issues of identifying the essence and studying the characteristics of the axiological foundations of goals-setting for national development in the sphere of public power, as well as determining the motivational role of ownership relations in the initiation and coordination of purposeful activities are considered using the methods of logical, content and statistical analysis in the framework of a systematic approach to the study of problems and tasks of improving the methodology and tools of strategic planning in the conditions of digital transformation of society, economy and management. Results: the issues of improving the goal-setting mechanism in the context of reforming the state strategic planning system of the Russian Federation in the context of digital transformation of the economy and management are considered. Assessments of the validity and effectiveness for setting and achieving goals in strategic planning documents in the framework of development programming at the federal, regional and municipal levels of government are presented. The state of institutional support for the tasks of setting goals of socio-economic development in the multi-level structure of public administration bodies is characterized. Axiological aspects of targeting coordinated activities in various types of organizational systems are described. The article analyzes the features and role of ownership rights to natural and intellectual resources by the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the social state. The features of the implementation of property rights to natural and intellectual resources in the context of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the social state are analyzed. The role of property relations in the initiation and coordination of purposeful activity of economic agents in the space of national development has been determined. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of the study allow us to formulate a number of conclusions. Firstly, further improvement of the methodology of strategic management should be carried out in the context of the interrelated modernization of national models of economy, development and management. Secondly, the advance of methods and tools for substantiating long-term development goals should take into account the axiological foundations of goal-setting. And third, digital transformation allows to differentially describe the motivational function of public ownership by natural and intellectual resources of development.

370-383

Authors: Shavlay E. P.

Purpose: this article analyzes India’s innovation development model. In this regard, the author aims to examine the current state of India's innovation policy as well as its features as one of the tools for solving the socio-economic problems of the state. Methods: the author applies general scientific methods of logical analysis, comparison and generalization, as well as quantitative methods (graphical and tabular methods, and descriptive statistics). In addition, the article embraces a systematic approach that contributes to a holistic consideration of the research subject. Results: the article provides an overview of the fundamental documents and projects of the state's innovation policy, studies India’s positions in world innovation ratings as well as notes the unique features of the Indian model of innovative development associated with the government strategy adjusted to the socio-economic, cultural and civilizational features of this country. Conclusions and Relevance: the article addresses the distinguishing characteristics which have eventually become disadvantages of the existing system and touches upon the reasons that hinder the development of innovations and prevent the country from achieving tangible results in this domain. The author concludes that without systematic government support, appropriate staffing, and functioning triple helix model involving academia, industry, and government, the country's innovative development will be limited, and India will fail to address the ever-widening gap between grassroots and high-tech innovation sectors will continue to grow. Still, Russia may learn a lot from the Indian experience as it also aims at solving its “grand challenges”, including those of social and economic nature, by the means of innovations.

398-408

Authors: Mamedyarov Z. A.

Purpose: the main purpose of the article was to study the trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, as one of the most knowledge-intensive in the world economy, against the background of the 2020 COVID-related crisis. The task was to study the impact of the economic crisis on the priorities of the largest pharmaceutical multinationals, to link them with trends in the restructuring of health care systems, as well as to analyze and assess the potential impact of Brexit on the European pharma industry, starting from 2021. Methods: the work is based on a comparative analysis of trends in the restructuring of global value chains in pharmaceuticals, the digitalization of pharmaceuticals and health care, as well as a quantitative analysis of the revenue and value added by the largest European pharmaceutical multinational companies. Results: the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization of big pharma; the intensified transition to a continuous production model can be expected in the coming years. Also, the second largest industry market, the EU-27, will suffer less from Brexit than the UK itself, and industries in developing countries will benefit from additional growth opportunities. The digitalization of healthcare remains an important underlying factor for the transformation of pharmaceuticals and further growth of innovation competition. This paper presents the problems of pharma and how to address them, as well as possible ways to restructure healthcare systems to reduce the likelihood of new pandemics – this will be at the heart of regulatory solutions in the medium term. Conclusions and Relevance: governments and state regulators will be actively involved in the process of recovery of the pharmaceutical industry after the crisis. For small regional pharmaceutical producers in developing countries there is a growing need to digitalize production and diversify supply chains. Implementation of continuous production technologies allows expecting growth in the number of small pharmaceutical producers, deepening competition in the industry. The Brexit deal will also have significant implications for the industry, leading to a restructuring of supply chains within the EU from early 2021, reducing the UK's competitiveness.

250-265

Authors: Kuriukin A. N.

Purpose: to consider in detail the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the modern world, in relation to three dimensions – the economy, society. Politics, to outline the most problematic points of negative effects generation, to propose directions for the restoration of the world system within the framework of the formation of a new post-COVID-19 ”normality”. Methods: includes the principles of systemic, theoretical-cognitive, institutional, instrumental and interdisciplinary approaches, mediated by the accepted in social science ideas about the relationship and interaction of subjective and objective factors in social processes with relative independence of the subject. Results: today, the world around us and human civilization, together with the impressive process of globalization, has entered the stage of the emergence of new challenges that were not previously presented to it or were not manifested so powerfully. The first of these challenges of the current 21st century is undoubtedly the COVID-19 pandemic. Today it is stated that, according to the most optimistic estimates, the fall of the world economy may exceed the crisis of 2008–2009. In terms of social practices and communications, COVID-19 is already forcing us to design a new “normality” that will become a reality in the post-COVID-19 era. In the field of politics, it is stated that in authoritarian and authoritarian regimes, a more effective public response to restrictive measures was ensured. Conclusions and Relevance: at the present stage, the market and the signals it gives, by asset class, recession and recovery patterns, should be closely monitored not only by economists, but also by sociologists. political scientists, politicians and public figures. Urgent and decisive political action is needed not only to contain the pandemic and save lives, but also to protect the most vulnerable in our society from economic collapse and to maintain economic growth and financial stability.

280-293

Authors: Melnikov O. N., Gankin N. A.

In this article a research of the nature of modern enterprises development is presented, characterized by moving from material-based to information-based economic products. It was discovered that economically developed enterprises have almost exhausted their potential for further growth due to organizational improvements, previously affecting mainly the material part of the economic product. Therefore, studies on improving the efficiency of the production organization of information economic products are becoming more and more relevant. Purpose: the main purpose of this research is to develop extended principles of lean manufacturing of information economic products. To achieve this goal following tasks were resolved: material intensity analysis was implemented, the structure of information economic product (IEP) was examined, traditional principles of lean manufacturing were reviewed and expanded for information economic product creation. The object of the research are modern industrial enterprises that apply the concept of lean manufacturing or similar. The subject of the research are the principles of lean manufacturing for creating an information economic product. Methods: the time series extrapolation method and the empirical analysis method were used to calculate the material intensity index of products. Abstract and comparative analysis methods were applied to develop the extended principles of IEP lean manufacturing. In addition, methods of analysis and synthesis, the historical method, as well as elements of factor analysis were used for the study. Results: the material and information structure of the economic product is considered and proposed. The nature of the dynamics of its changes in the process of changing the stages of technological and economic development of scientific and technological progress is justified, which allowed us to argue the vector of changes in the structure of costs for creating a modern material product in terms of increasing information and reducing material components. The constantly rising costs of creating information increasingly characterize it as a market product that has its own cost structure, which gave reason to classify it as an information economic product (IEP). In this regard, the structure of the information economic product was studied and developed, based on the analysis of the term of "information" both from the perspective of the organization and operational management and from the perspective of related branches of knowledge. As a result of the comparative analysis, extended principles of IEP lean manufacturing were developed. Conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of the material intensity index revealed a tendency to a continuous decrease in the material intensity of the economic product and an increase in the information component. As a result of the study of the structure of the information economic product, it was revealed that the potential for increasing the economic efficiency of modern industrial enterprises is primarily laid in improving logical data processing. It is proposed to achieve this by using the developed extended principles of IEP lean manufacturing, among which the main one is the principle of intellectual and creative reciprocity.

320-328

Authors: Selvi Andesta, Mohammad Adam, Suhel

Purpose: this study aims to examine the influence of changes in inflation, changes in the rupiah exchange rate, changes in the money supply, changes in SBIS, changes in foreign exchange reserves and changes in interest rates on the return of Indonesian Islamic stocks. Methods: this study is focused on looking at conditions of macroeconomic changes that have an impact on the activity of the Islamic capital market, particularly on the return of Islamic stocks listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index. This empirical evidence is related to variable macroeconomic changes, namely changes in inflation, rupiah exchange rate, money supply, foreign exchange reserves, Indonesian Syariah Bank Certificates (SBIS) and interest rates on sharia stock returns for the period January 2014 – December 2019 obtained from Financial publications. Service Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia. The analysis technique used is quantitative analysis using multiple regression analysis tools. Results: the results of this study are (1) Variable Changes in Inflation, Changes in the Amount of Money Supply, Changes in Foreign Exchange Reserves, Changes in SBIS have a positive and significant effect on Stock Returns listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index, (2) changes in exchange rates have a negative and significant effect on Stock Returns listed in Jakarta Islamic. Index, (3) the Interest Rate variable has no effect on Stock Returns listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index. Conclusions and Relevance: the approach used by each variable starts with the conventional followed by the study of Islamic macroeconomics, in order to provide a philosophy of science and economics that refers to Baqir Sadr in the Iqtishaduna book. In this study, researchers examined macroeconomic variables on sharia stock returns to prioritize people's welfare and pay close attention to every investment process based on sharia principles. Therefore the public, entrepreneurs, investors and company performance must pay attention to information regarding changes in inflation, changes in the rupiah exchange rate, changes in the money supply, changes in Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (SBIS), changes foreign exchange reserves, and changes in interest rates in order to minimize risks for both investors and entrepreneurs. This variable can affect the movement of the capital market so that the return on Islamic stocks also has an effect.

114-127

Authors: Izmailova М. А.

Purpose: the main goal of the research is to develop a humanistic approach to digital transformation management based on the principles of social responsibility in the current uncertain environment. Methods: the research is based on the integration of conceptual approaches to understanding the specifics of the functioning of a modern organization in the context of digital transformation and the impact of the new crisis on Russian business. The author attempts to determine the emerging trends in the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the decisions made by company managers in relation to their employees. The basic concepts of the research cover the areas of digitalization of the economy, humanization of economic growth, human capital, personnel management, and social responsibility of business. Results: the analysis of the combined influence of factors of economic, technological, demographic and cultural Genesis on the formation of a new approach to the construction of interaction between organizations and people in the direction of greater emphasis on anthropocentrism. It is determined that this kind of relationship should be based on the principles of socially responsible business behavior, recognizing the person as the main resource for digital transformation, achieving commercial success and sustainable development. The article assesses the real situation in the labor market and in Russian companies under the influence of digital challenges and the coronavirus pandemic. It is emphasized that the demand for social orientation of business increases many times during crisis periods, during which there is a rethinking of values and the formation of new foundations for future development. Recommendations are given for eliminating or minimizing the conflict between humanistic and technocratic approaches in the management of companies based on the principles of social responsibility. Conclusions and Relevance: the solution of a set of tasks for the digital transformation of the economy, saturating the business environment with new technological solutions, in the current conditions of uncertainty formed under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic, actualizes the problem of preserving humanity in a technologizing world. It is imperative to find ways to remove the generally accepted (perhaps far-fetched?) contradictions between human essence and technological transformations. Companies, while adopting strategic guidelines in the field of goal setting, building their potential and building prospects, should give priority to the development of human resources as an integral element of technological progress and a key factor in creating long-term value for companies and society as a whole.

148-161

Authors: Smirnova O. O.

Six years of the implementation of the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” were focused on the development of documents and recommendations for them. This determined the fragmentation of public administration and strategic planning. However, according to the author, the basis of the strategic planning system that meets modern challenges and threats should not be documents, but processes. The introduction of new tools will allow the transition from project management and strategic planning to strategic management in the Russian Federation. Such tools include the introduction of management cycles of strategic planning, resource support for the realization of goals, the organization and implementation of the monitoring and control process, a system of continuous indicative planning and balance sheets.

179-195

Authors: Faikov D. Yu., Baydarov D. Yu.

Purpose: determination of the opportunities and definition of prospects of diversification in the field of production of new products (in the case of the nuclear industry), which allows to match the level of a new technological stage and to achieve state goals for import substitution, production of high-tech civilian products of the defense enterprises, creation of mechanisms for state support of leading industries. Methods: the research is based on a comprehensive analysis of diversification and production of new products using scientific and technical, institutional, organizational, and marketing approaches. Methods of empirical analysis were used to assess the opportunities and prospects for the production of new products by nuclear industry enterprises. The research also used methods of comparison, generalization, classification, and graphical representation. Results: as part of the study of diversification processes, the need for a special understanding of the term "new" in relation to technologies and products that correspond to both global technological trends and novelty from the point of view of the manufacturer has been identified. The reasons that motivate nuclear enterprises to develop new products (the need to diversify activities related to nuclear energy, expanding the production of high-tech products by defense enterprises) were determined. Global and national markets, major competitors, government support measures for a number of new products manufactured by the enterprises of the ROSATOM State Atomic Energy Corporation – wind energy, additive technologies, composite materials, digital technologies – were evaluated. It was shown that ROSATOM in some cases forms these markets in Russia creating opportunities for other enterprises. ROSATOM activities meet the world's leading manufacturers practice – the entire technology chain from materials to finished product building, key manufacturers combining. ROSATOM is developing the directions that require interaction between the state and business. Conclusions and Relevance: diversification, including the production of new products, corresponds to both promising organizational and technological trends (industry 4.0, etc.) and the needs of import substitution and diversification. The effective organizational approach is the competencies unification that allows to cover all redistributions and compete with leading global manufacturers. It is necessary to create national markets using public-private partnership where public corporations can play a leading role in order to develop the most promising technological areas. The state should form a system for supporting promising areas in new technologies and products fields.

216-232

Authors: Fedorova I. Yu.

Purpose: to consider the evolvement of relationships between the structural elements of the financial mechanism in the public procurement framework and estimate their qualitative change under the influence of financial and economic instruments from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of using financial resources in the context of a program-oriented approach to budget expenditure planning. Methods: the research was conducted with the application of general and specific scientific methods, which include statistical analysis, analytical data processing methods, analogies, scientific generalizations, etc. Results: based on the analysis of changes in legal framework the author of the research performed evaluation of the interaction of structural elements of financial mechanism on the stages of planning, supplier selection, performance of contract; there were analysed perspectives of its development through transformation of integrated use of instruments, and defined evaluation marks of procurement monitoring within the governmental programs. The research demonstrated that, as the result of state procurements made within the period from 2017 – early 2020, upon the modernization of tools applied in the system, there can be observed a qualitative enhancement in interconnection of structural elements, which means decrease in labour efforts and duration of procurement procedures, as well as higher level of transparency on different stages of the process. Conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of legislative framework in state procurements segment and statistical data of the practice of their application demonstrates that the intensive reforming in state procurements segments is reasoned completely by the need to achieve the main foal of the public administration funding, which lies in the enhancement of effectiveness in the use of common financial resources. The fulfilment of the governmental order through the system of competitive procurements is aimed at the most complete satisfaction of the demands of all economic agents, including state, society, and population. The quality modernisation of tools applied on the state of procurement process provides an opportunity to lower the ordering customers’ labour efforts for elaboration of a schedule, diminish the terms envisaged for the planning, deciding on the supplier and performance of the contract. The switch to the electronic form of interaction among the participants, including the procurement documentation, reveals the opportunity to optimize the mechanism of financial control management and organization.

12–28

Authors: Komkov N. I., Sutyagin V. V.

Purpose: to justification of the need to develop new-generation domestic technologies that ensure the competitiveness and stability of the Russian economy to external challenges. Using the laws of accelerated development of various systems, objects and processes of the material world will allow us to construct a mechanism for analysis, decision-making and management of the justification, development and implementation of new generation technologies. Methods: the research method is based on the generalization of forecasting the accelerated development of various processes under the conditions of growth restrictions, methods for constructing targeted information-logic models, decision-making methods for justifying the costs of upgrading one-generation technology options and analyzing domestic and foreign technology development experience new generation. Results: within the space of creation and development of new generation technologies, in accordance with the well-known concept of the full life cycle, the process of development and implementation of new generation technologies in the form of a logistic curve has been specified. The solution to the problem of managing the creation of new generation technologies is presented as the fastest possible implementation of projects to search for innovative solutions that meet the requirements of competitiveness. Mathematical models of the formulated problem are considered. Examples of practical tasks for managing the development and development of new generation technologies are given. Conclusions and Relevance: the dynamics of development and the economic conditions for the transition to technology modernization are determined by the need for further development of new generation technologies in the interests of full use of the innovative potential of this generation. Information-logical and mathematical models have been developed for making decisions on managing the justification of the necessary resources for the implementation of projects in the full cycle during the transition from innovative solutions to new technologies and innovative products.

44–58

Authors: Shcherbakov G. A.

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to present and develop a cyclic approach in the theory of innovation. This section of economic theory is based on the understanding of the innovation process as a dynamic system that develops (depending on the type of innovation) within the medium or long-term cycle. The cyclic approach has an insufficiently studied subject of research. In theoretical and practical aspects, this approach is very poorly developed, despite its prospects for this method. The application of the cyclic approach in the practical sphere will increase the effectiveness of activities planning in the field of the state innovation policy, as well as increase the efficiency of the state resources using. Methods: a set of methods of theoretical research is used, including: logical, system and abstract methods, as well as specific scientific (special) research methods. Based on the study of a wide range of scientific literature, as well as statistical and factual information on innovative issues, models (modeling method) were drawn up, which were graphically fixed in the figures illustrating the main provisions of the article. Results: this article develops the cyclic approach to the innovations study, proposed in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. The article describes and presents a scientific method of innovative processes management, called "triad of innovative and transformative activity". The article also contains a brief overview of the cyclic method development in the works of domestic and foreign researchers, giving a general idea of the elaboration degree of the scientific question. Conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of the main theories and concepts in the field of innovation, gives reason to argue that scientific views on the implementation of the innovation process contain a serious omission. It consists in the fact that it does not take into account the influence of cyclical conditions of various medium-term cycle phases or long-term cycle stages. In practice, this leads to asynchronous processes that prevent the effective innovation activities.

72–88

Authors: Vyakina I. V.

Purpose: the article analyzes the tax policy of the Russian Federation and judicial practice of the cases related to tax legislation from the standpoint of business safe development and protection of state interests; contains measures that allow the formation of adequate tax relations between the state and business aimed at the development of the national economy. Methods: tax relations consider in two aspects: from the position of state interests, on the one hand, and subjective perception of business, on the other. In the research process, economic and statistical methods for processing analytical data, graphical and tabular methods for visualizing research results used, as well as methods for complex, system, comparative and structural-functional analysis and traditional general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparisons, generalizations, analogies, etc. Results: the author has performed an analysis of the structure and dynamics of tax revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation and the results of the consideration of tax legislation application in terms of meeting the claims of various parties and the amounts recovered from lawsuits of tax authorities and taxpayers. The features of the regulatory framework to protect the interests of the state and business in the field of tax relations have considered. The key threats and opportunities for development at different levels of the functioning of tax relations have identified and specific measures aimed at improving the mechanism of tax relations between the state and business have proposed. Conclusions and Relevance: analysis of judicial practice shows an increase in the fiscal focus of the results of the consideration by the Arbitration courts of the cases related to tax legislation. The formation of a set of specific organizational and legal measures in the field of taxation aimed at improving business protection is necessary for protection of the state interests and the safe development of the national economy. They are the organization of effective interaction of business with regulatory authorities; reduction of taxation of investments in fixed assets; development of mechanisms for protecting the rights of investors.