Vojnotehnicki glasnik / Military Technical Courier

28-47

Authors: Pamučar Dragan S., Đorović Boban D.

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming technique successfully used to quantify the efficiency of companies in the manufacturing and service sector. The analytic process developed on the basis of this, using real input and output parameters, increases objectivity in the quantification of efficiency and helps to identify best practices. The paper shows how DEA can be applied to the quality control of public passenger transport (PPT) networks. A PPT line in the network is seen as a Decision Making Unit (DMU) which achieves a certain level of efficiency, where quality is viewed from the perspective of users. DEA is used to determine optimal quality parameters, thus helping to define the total cost of PPT lines, or the total shortfall in funds and the subsidies needed for the normal operation of the public transport network. For this article there is a related paper (correction, retraction, or comment) which is available here.

71-83

Authors: Evseev Sergey Petrovich, Dorokhov Oleksandr Vasilievich, Korol Olga Grigorievna

New approaches to realizations of military operations are analyzed. The main factors that directly affect the construction and operation of information security subsystems in prospective automated command and control military systems are described. Possible ways of the construction of cryptographic subsystems of information protection in automated operation management systems for united military force groups are investigated.

118-138

Authors: Jovanović Velibor V., Jovanović Danko M.

RFID technology has found a wide application in both civilian and military systems with very different purposes; moreover, a tremendous growth of its application is predicted in the future. As a support to core activities, both in the Army and business systems, logistics must provide the conditions for a continuous system optimization, which can be achieved by RFID technology. It provides data collecting, processing, automated identification and storage. The most important factors of logistics information systems are satisfied with this technology. The main feature of the logistics of controlling - that data is always to be collected at a source - is also present. Managing supply chains is almost inconceivable without modern information systems. This technology enables automated data processing thus creating conditions which facilitate decision making. Military applications of RFID technology include monitoring codified items to the extent required by competent commanders, as well as documenting changes in business processes within provided logistic functions of supply. This work gives an analytical approach to the methods of RFID technology application in foreign armies with regard to its possible introduction into the practice of the Serbian Army.

156-181

Authors: Perić Sreten R.

Monitoring the performance of lubricants in practical application has multiple significance for both the consumer and the lubricant manufacturer. The primary significance for the consumer is extended life and timely change of lubricants, which keeps the costs of maintenance down. The lubricant manufacturer gains by creating a partner relationship with the consumer, as well as creating the possibility of gathering information about the performance of his product which will serve as the foundation for its further improvement and development. If we wish to maintain technical systems so that they have minimum halts and costs caused by halt removal or system failures, we must monitor data indicating equipment condition throughout the system operation. It is especially difficult to obtain data on equipment condition for parts which cannot be observed due to their position. In such cases, the oil analysis enables a continuous equipment condition monitoring and timely response in order to prevent undesirable prolonged halts.

202-215

Authors: Tanikić Dejan I., Manić Miodrag T., Đenadić Dalibor M., Ranđelović Saša S., Milovanović Jelena R., Đekić Petar S.

Biomaterials are natural or synthetic materials, used for guidance, maintaining or replacing the function of the human body's live tissues. Metal biomaterials are mainly used for replacing broken or damaged hard tissues such as bones, because of their high strength, toughness and corrosion resistance. The most frequently used metals are stainless steels, cobalt based alloys as well as titanium and its alloys. A review of the metals and alloys mostly used in biomedicine are presented in this paper.

235-244

Authors: Milojević Ivan S., Guberinić Rade V.

Knowing the demand of spare parts is the basis for successful spare parts inventory management. Inventory management has two aspects. The first one is operational management: acting according to certain models and making decisions in specific situations which could not have been foreseen or have not been encompassed by models. The second aspect is optimization of the model parameters by means of inventory management. Supply items demand (asset demand) is the expression of customers' needs in units in the desired time and it is one of the most important parameters in the inventory management. The basic task of the supply system is demand fulfillment. In practice, demand is expressed through requisition or request. Given the conditions in which inventory management is considered, demand can be: - deterministic or stochastic, - stationary or nonstationary, - continuous or discrete, - satisfied or unsatisfied. The application of the maintenance concept is determined by the technological level of development of the assets being maintained. For example, it is hard to imagine that the concept of self-maintenance can be applied to assets developed and put into use 50 or 60 years ago. Even less complex concepts cannot be applied to those vehicles that only have indicators of engine temperature - those that react only when the engine is overheated. This means that the maintenance concepts that can be applied are the traditional preventive maintenance and the corrective maintenance. In order to be applied in a real system, modeling and simulation methods require a completely regulated system and that is not the case with this spare parts supply system. Therefore, this method, which also enables the model development, cannot be applied. Deterministic models of forecasting are almost exclusively related to the concept of preventive maintenance. Maintenance procedures are planned in advance, in accordance with exploitation and time resources. Since the timing of preventive maintenance, the number of assets on which the preventive maintenance procedures are performed and the technology of maintaining procedures are known, then the range and the quantity of spare parts needed to perform these procedures are also known. Heuristic forecasting is related to the experts. Armed forces use it for the assessment of combat situation, taking into account the opponent's and its own action tactics, forecasting enemy's intentions, analyzing the plan of operations, making decision for the plan of action, etc. In this case, relatively unregulated systems are those in which there is no data about the observed phenomenon and its development in the past. In addition to the fact that the above data does not exist, there is a need for spare parts demand forecasts for the purpose of decision making and inventory management. This primarily relates to the period of transition from an unregulated to a regulated system. In this case, forecasting has a limited range. No forecasting can be done for a longer period; the forecasting is reduced to the next relevant interval, i.e. to the interval relevant for the system. The application of another, relatively simple model which uses computer techniques has no particular limitations, but for that reason its results are time-limited; results are obtained only for the subsequent relevant period. The results of this model have a very limited range in planning. This model is applicable mainly in unregulated systems. It is suitable for so-called condition 'clearing'. After one or two closed cycles, a situation is brought to order, but then much more sensitive models are needed.

258-274

Authors: Miletić Slobodan M., Kokelj Tugomir R., Manjak Mladen M.

A Command Information System (CIS) in a broader sense can be defined as a set of hardware and software solutions by which one achieves real-time integration of organizational structures, doctrine, technical and technological systems and facilities, information flows and processes for efficient and rational decision-making and functioning. Time distribution and quality of information directly affect the implementation of the decision making process and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the system in which the achievement of the most important role is an integrated telecommunications and computer network (ITCN), dimensioned to the spatial distribution of tactical combat units connecting all the elements in a communications unit. The aim is to establish the design methodology as a way of the ITCN necessary to conduct analysis and extract all the necessary elements for modeling that are mapped to the elements of network infrastructure, and then analyzed from the perspective of telecommunications communication standards and parameters of the layers of the OSI network model. A relevant way to verify the designed model ITCN is the development of a simulation model with which adequate results can be obtained. Conclusions on the compliance with the requirements of tactical combat and tactical communication requirements are drawn on the basis of these results.

296-305

Authors: Bakrač Saša T., Vuruna Mladen M., Milanović Miško M.

Successful protection of environment is mostly based on high-quality assessment of potential and present risks. Environmental risk management is a complex process which includes: identification, assessment and control of risk, namely taking measures in order to minimize the risk to an acceptable level. Environmental risk management methodology: In addition to these phases in the management of environmental risk, appropriate measures that affect the reduction of risk occurrence should be implemented: - normative and legal regulations (laws and regulations), - appropriate organizational structures in society, and - establishing quality monitoring of environment. The emphasis is placed on the application of assessment methodologies (three-model concept), as the most important aspect of successful management of environmental risk. Risk assessment methodology - European concept: The first concept of ecological risk assessment methodology is based on the so-called European model-concept. In order to better understand this ecological risk assessment methodology, two concepts - hazard and risk - are introduced. The European concept of environmental risk assessment has the following phases in its implementation: identification of hazard (danger), identification of consequences (if there is hazard), estimate of the scale of consequences, estimate of consequence probability and risk assessment (also called risk characterization). The European concept is often used to assess risk in the environment as a model for addressing the distribution of stressors along the source - path - receptor line. Risk assessment methodology - Canadian concept: The second concept of the methodology of environmental risk assessment is based on the so-called Canadian model-concept. The assessment of ecological risk includes risk arising from natural events (floods, extreme weather conditions, etc.), technological processes and products, agents (chemical, biological, radiological, etc.) and industrial activities that may pose threats to ecosystems, flora, fauna and humans. This model-concept gives a three-phase assessment where the assessor tries to determine whether a specific place may be subject to assessment, to characterize the level of risk and to confirm or refute the findings of the first phase, collecting information and corrective measures, or to establish basic requirements for environment protection. Risk assessment methodology - American concept: The third methodological approach to environmental risk assessment is developed by the U.S. Agency for Environmental Protection, 'U.S. EPA'. This model primarily involves the implementation of environmental risk assessment under the conditions of anthropogenic impact on environment, without aiming at solving problems of natural environmental risks, although this methodology can be applied in this environment segment as well. The methodology gives a clear distinction between a scientific (phase of estimation) and a non-scientific (planning) part of assessment. The phases of estimation given by this model are: problem formulation, risk analysis and risk characterization. Conclusion: Concepts and methodologies of all three models-concepts of assessment are mostly reduced to a common goal: how to reduce existing or avoid potential risks. However, it should be noted that the implementation of appropriate management and ecological risk assessment does not guarantee that risks will be avoided or that the implementation of these processes will be successful.

323-342

Authors: Bulajić Aleksandar J.

The Army of Serbia, as a relatively closed system, regulates the field of traffic safety; however, during peacetime, general rules apply to all participants in traffic circulation. The Republic of Serbia is in the group of countries with a high number of road fatalities. The level of traffic safety in the Serbian Army has been on constant increase since 2000, although the relevant transport authorities in the military are not yet satisfied with the achieved level (even one lost life is too much). The increase can be deceptive, since if we take into account the substantial reduction in vehicle use due to various factors in the last few years (poor financial situation in the country as well as in the military, under-investment in the purchase of new vehicles, purchase of transportation services, fewer drivers drafted and more vehicles driven by trained officers, etc.), it is not surprising that there are fewer accidents and fewer road deaths and injuries among military personnel. This paper aims at approaching the problem of pedestrian safety as a segment of road safety and at making an educational impact on all members of the military, because they all participate in traffic daily, if not as drivers or passengers, then certainly in large numbers as pedestrians. The basis of this paper is aimed at shedding light on the causes of pedestrian road fatalities due to their mistakes, i. e. 'negligence' of the participants in car accidents with the participation of pedestrians, as well as at proposing measures to reduce and prevent traffic accidents with pedestrians.