International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

4

Authors: Preeti, Neerja R. Sharma

Amalpitta is commonest complaint or condition visible in current scenario, which is resultant of faulty lifestyle and eating habits followed by individuals. A single case study with follow up was done to see the effect of VamanDhauti along with lifestyle modification in control of Amalpitta, because of dynamism of health it is mandatory to be in mode of maintenance of health.

4

Authors: Ozal Patel, Harshit S Shah2 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma3 , Priti Engineer4 and Saurabh Patel

Background: Among commonly occurring traumatic skeletal injuries sprains and strains are more prone. These injuries appear to be simple, but are more painful and hamper the routine activities. A sprain is an injury to a ligament- a stretching or a tearing. Ankle is the most common site for acute musculoskeletal injuries and sprains. In all such conditions initial complaint of patients will be pain associated with swelling with or without deformity. Sometimes it has been chronic due to improper treatment. Acharya Sushruta- the ancient Hindu surgeon has described about the management of traumatic joint injuries and stated about the application of manjishthadi lepa in such type of injuries in his book Sushruta samhita. This attempt aims at exploring the scope of ayurveda in management of different type of musculoskeletal injuries, the effect of manjishthadi lepa in ankle sprain will fulfill our treatment aim.

5

Authors: Madhavi Rakhamaji Shelke, Lata Ambadas Rathod

Ayurveda is divided into 8 branches, among this Shalakyatantra is one of the most important branch had describe the importance of eye, without which a life is miserable.“Sarvedriyaanam Nayanam Pradhaanam”. Eye is the most precious organ in the body. So, it is the prime duty of every person to take care of his eyes. Now a days, due to busy life style people don’t have time to think and act for the healthy life and unable to follow proper Sadvrutta palan, dietetic rules and regulations. It may be responsible for etiopathogenesis of visual disorders. In such situations normal functioning of eyes can be maintained optimum with proper diet and therapies like Yoga, Pranayama and Trataka. It can be helpful to prevent multiple eye diseases. Yoga, Meditation and Diet Contributes much important role in Netraswasthya and also to cure various eye diseases allied with drug therapy. Trataka is one of the shatkarmas which is very powerful and useful to attain mental and physical balance. Trataka is one of the useful yogic Purification in Netraswasthya.

6

Authors: Nikita Gupta, Rajesh Kumar Malviya2 , Atal Singh Kushwaha3 and Abha Khare4

The exponential boom in industrialization and human civilization has led to progress but also has been enduring enormous life style disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, metabolic disorders, pulmonary disorders, musculoskeletal disorders ,cancer etc. due to their unhealthy lifestyle and if this unhealthy lifestyle and food habits are not intervened on time can lead to these life threatening diseases or even death .In Ayurveda treatise moreover in Charak Samhita Acharya Charak has mentioned Swastha Chatushka that comprises the ideal way of healthy living ,and that is the need of today’s era to follow various measures cited in Charak Samhita so as to attain health and longevity.

6

Authors: Ashwini Kumar Kushwaha

Leucorrhoea is condition where excessive amount of white discharge occur from vagina due to inflammation or infections of lower genital tract and one of the most common symptom of gynaecological morbidity. In Ayurveda leucorrhoea is considered as Shweta pradar, where sweta means ‘white’ and pradar means ‘discharge’ and usually occur due to vitiated Kapha and Rasa Dhatu. Depending on the involvement of dosha the discharge can be thin watery, slimy, sticky, purulent, curdy white to frothy with foul smell. It may be physiological but when turn in to pathological condition, produce symptom like itching in vulva, backache etc. Treatment of leucorrhoea depends upon the causative factor, prakriti of patient’s, involvement of Doshas etc. Usually leucorrhoea is a curable disease, but recurrence is a common due to causative factors. Many classical preparation and medicinal plants are described for the management of leucorrhoea in ayurvedic classics. Efficacy of such ayurvedic drugs are discussed in present paper.

6

Authors: Surendra Kumar, Gopesh Mangal2 and Shashi Prakash Gupta

Neonate care is of huge importance for the appropriate growth and for baby's healthy life. Neonatal health is single among most of the significant health challenges facing the developing world. After birth, the baby depends on external help and needs to adapt to live outside the womb and to develop a sense of security in the newborn, Abhyanga is essential. Abhyanga which is daily oil massage is a routine practice in the care of neonates for their growth and development. In Ayurveda, Abhyanga is advised right from birth to make the child conscious and stable.

6

Authors: Ashwini Kumar Kushwaha

Nowadays the complexities of human life, indulging in fast means of living, changing lifestyle, eating habits and increasing mental pressure in the race to become so-called cultured and civilized are the root causes of many diseases. A result of this changing lifestyle is a disease called "Amalpitta" and the number of such patients is increasing day by day. Eating food without hunger and eating against the season reduces the digestive fire and this leads to improper digestion of food. Improperly digested food, when mixed with bile, produces burning sensation, thirst, diseases of the mouth and ‘acidity’.Acharya Sushruta has considered the taste of Prakrit pitta (bile) to be bitter and the taste of distorted or vidagdha piita (bile) as acid. When there is an increase in Vidgdha Pitta, it is called Amlapitta. ‘Amal-vidagdham cha tat pittam amlapittam’. In modern science it is known as hyperacidity and it is becoming a rapidly growing dreadful disease of stomach. Generally, two out of every five people are suffering from this disease. In present paper important aspect of Amlapitta (hyperacidity) and efficacy of medicinal herbs in its management are discussed.

7

Authors: Pathak Reetika, Inchulkar S R² and Bhagat Sangeeta

No person is immortal in the world, and no one can stop death. Ayurvedahas a unique place in terms of health and well-being, the importance of Ayurveda for peace in life has increased even more due to the modern lifestyle and side effects of our Karma (deed). The main purpose and objectives of Ayurveda is the preservation of health in healthy individual and eradication of diseases, which are curable. Diseases that manifest in a locality by the same source i.e. due to vitiation of land, water, air etc. are called Janapadodhwamsa. Inspite of consuming different food, habit, age, constitution person gets affected by one and the same disease due to abnormal water, air etc. these abnormalities are due to abnormal movement of planets, calamities, which occur naturally in the earth, atmosphere and the sky. The cause of epidemics is effect of sinful acts of people who are residing in the epidemic prone area. The common factors which affect mass population are Vayu (air), Udaka (water), Desha (land), and Kala (season). There are three tenets describes in Ayurveda to proposed a healthy and patient related subject. Knowledge of pathogenesis, symptomatology and therapeutics is best way for both healthy and the sick. In Ayurveda, ‘Code of conduct’ is described as an Aachar Rasayana, and Dincharya, (Daily routine) Ritucharya (seasonal regimen) by following this; people and nations are entitled to the achievement of disease free long life.

7

Authors: Seema Yadav, Hardik Chudasama2 and Aparna Sharma

Abstract – Introduction- Ayurveda is a science of life which gives more important on maintaining health of healthy individuals and to cure the diseases of the patients. To fulfil this purpose Ayurveda emphasis on many basic principles like Dinacharya (Diurnal regime), Ritucharya (Seasonal regime) and AcharRasayana (Modal code of conduct). The prevalence of Shiro, Nasa,Karna and Mukha roga has shown consistently an upward trend through the last few decades. Materials and Methods- Review from diverse Ayurvedic literatures, research journals, magazines and authentic internet sources. Discussion- Review suggests that Tilataila, kanji (gruel), Yusha, Cow milk and Ghee, nimbu, amalaki etc... are beneficial in Shiro roga, Luke warm water, meat of wild animals, Yusha, the substance which have pungent in taste are beneficial in Nasaroga, Shalidhanya, mudaga, yava, patola, punarnava, Karvellak etc... are beneficial in Karnaroga and Mudaga, Kultha, Karvellak, Paravala, Kapitha, Shatawari and Khadira etc... are beneficial in Mukha roga. Conclusion – Pathya is the one which keeps the person healthy and maintain normal function which leads to proper functioning of the organ, nourish the mind and intelligence, prevents disease and at the same time corrects the irregularities that may occur in the body. Thus everyone should abstain from Apathya and follow Pathya as prevention is better than cure.

8

Authors: Mishra Prasun Prannay, Asthana Alok Kumar2 and Asthana Monika

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency and has affected every country in the world. It was announced as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the end of January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. With the public health challenges, this pandemic has created another parallel pandemic of mental health problems. It also exaggerated the existing mental health problem .There would be deterioration of mental health of front line workers as well as general public. Due to lockdown effect and increase in covid patients disastrously there would be vast increase in frightening of getting infected, feeling of fear of getting quarantined, fear of loss of profession, fear of losing jobs, fear of poverty, fear of hunger etc. Due to various psychological impact of covid19 on individuals there is increased tendencies of suicidal attempt. Here in this descriptive study the efforts are being made to put together the different perspectives of Ayurveda which can be implemented in the management of different psychological conditions. With concepts like Sadvrutta,AcharaRasyana, Adharma, PrajnnaparadhaAyurveda proved to be beneficial for management of psychological impact of Covid 19 on individuals.

8

Authors: Suchithra K, Shrikanth P H2 , Arhanth Kumar A3 , and Sudhakar Bhat

BACKGROUND: Sandhaniya Mahakashaya Varga is one among the Panchashanmahakashaya explained in Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana 4 th Chapter. Chakrapanihas commented that Sandhaniyameans Samgrahana(withholding) in general (that is explained under Atisara). This indicates that there are certain other meanings too for the word Sandhaniya. Few are healing (as in case ofVrana Sandhana) and few areStambhana (as in case of stopping Raktapravrutti). This paves a way to explore the wider actions of the drugs mentioned under Sandhaniya Gana as Stambhana along with Vranasandhana effect which is the need of the hour. As there are different meanings for the word Sandhana, an effort was made to see the VranaropanaandStambhanaaction of Guduchi, one drug among the Sandhaniya Gana. AIM: To assess the Vrana Sandhana and Rakta Stambhanaaction of Guduchion excision wound. METHODOLOGY: An experimental study was carried out to assess haemostatic and wound healing activity of Guduchiby using excision wound model technique and bleeding induced experienmt in Wistar Albino rats by taking wound contraction, histopathological study of wound tissue and bleeding time, clotting time as parameters respectively. RESULT & INTERPRETATION: Observations after the study showed that there was non significant increase in the percentage of wound contraction in test group which shows the wound healing enhancing property of the drug Guduchi and histopathological study also supported the same. Guduchi showed statistically significant result with respect to reduction in bleeding time. There was statistically nonsignificant reduction in the clotting time. CONCLUSION: The results of the study revealed that the test drug Guduchi has both wound healing enhancing property as well as haemostatic property. Thus it can be concluded that the word Sandhana means Vrana Sandhana in case of wound healing and it means Rakta Stambhana in case of Raktatipravrutti.

8

Authors: Chithra K, Sheethal Dinesh Lende

BACKGROUND: Prameha is one among the Ashtamahagada Vyadhi. If, Prameha is neglected and proper therapy is not given, then it can lead to the manifestation of Prameha Pidaka. The Prameha Pidakas or the Upadravas of Prameha can be co-related with the complications of Diabetes. The foot complications in Diabetes are the most frequently seen complication in Diabetes. Early recognition and management of independent risk factors for ulcers and amputations can prevent or delay the onset of adverse outcomes. As explained in the SwasthaChathushka, the care of the foot is highlighted in Dinacharya context.Health Education can help to extend knowledge and to strenghten desired behaviour patterns. So here the study was conducted as a health education in the form of a Self Instructional Module in order to increase the awareness of foot care among the Prameha patients. OBJECTIVES:To assess the knowledge of foot care before and after implementation of Self Instructional Module among Prameha patients. METHODOLOGY: An Interventional study was conducted after selecting 100 subjects from the hospital as per inclusion and diagnostic criteria, by the set of questionnaires regarding the Knowledge of Diabetic foot and Diabetic foot care and then the assessment of knowledge before and after implementation of Self Instructional Module was carried out. The results obtained from the above parameters were statistically analyzed and conclusion were drawn. RESULTS: The overall knowledge regarding Diabetic foot among Prameha patients was 18.23% in pre-test and 99.15% in post-test. The overall knowledge regarding Diabetic foot care among Prameha patients was 56.43% in pre-test and 89.43% in post-test. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the Self Instructional Module was effective in improving the knowledge regarding Diabetic Foot and Diabetic Foot care among Prameha patients.

8

Authors: Hem Parkash

Cervical erosion is a common gynaecological problem, which can be caused by congenital,due to hormonal changes, taking contraceptive pills and due to pregnancy. Cervical erosion can be correlated as Karnini Yonivyapad due to its clinical features described in ayurvedic literature.Vitiated dosas is the leading cause of yoni roga. Karnini yonivyapda is a vataja, kaphaja and rakhtajyoni roga caused by akala prvahan (straining without labor pain) during prasava (labor) and produce karnika (protuberance or papilla) in yoni. This case is ideal example of cervical erosion or Karnini Yonivyapad and is successfully treated with ayurvedic drugs. Patient was suffering from foul smell-whitish discharge with backache and weakness since 2 to 3 years. She had taken allopathic treatment but was not relieved completely. Now her problems aggravated since 4 month with left side abdominal pain and burning sensation around the umbilical region. On P/S examination cervical erosion was present over both cervical lips with thick white discharges. P/V examination showed AV uterus, fornices clear and tenderness present. PAP smear was done to exclude CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasias) and it was found to be normal. Considering the clinical features the patient wastreated with Cap Leukoline 2 BD, Tab Amlapittantak Yog 1TDS, Cap Sery 1BD, Pushyanug churn-3gm with Tunkan Bhasma 250 mg/1×2BD and Syp Amlapitamishran 1TSF TDS. For yoni prakshalana or douching Panchwalkal Kwath used with local application of Tunkan kshar application over cervical erosion, than apply Neembu swarasa over that place. The above treatment continued for 3 months with 3 follow up in every month. Yoni prakshalan or douching and tunkan kshar application done only for 7 days in every month after clearance of menses. In every follow up patient clinically improved. In last visit patient on P/S examination showed complete cure of cervical erosion with symptoms resolved.

8

Authors: M Midhunasree, Ramadevi G 2 and Arpana Jain

A woman is treasured by the richness of continuing the human race. Pregnancy is the most important and critical part of everywoman’s life. Wide range of references regarding garbhini paricharya,masanumasika pathya, garbhopaghatakara bhavas,soothika paricharya are available in brihatrayi and laghutrayi. To ensure normal pregnancy and uncomplicated labour, with delivery of a healthy baby from a healthy mother our Acharyas have explained a detailed and systematic month wise regimen and a list of do’s and don’ts to be followed in the antenatal period which ismainly dependent on maintenance of kapha. This article emphasizes on the role of kapha in garbha vrddhi.

9

Authors: Priyanka Bhatt, Sunil Thakur2 , Vijay Chaudhary3 and Manik Soni

Shwasa Roga is one of the common and deadliest diseases according to Ayurvedic literature and similarly according to modern medical science, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease having high morbidity and mortality, whose symptomatology resembles to Shwasa Roga. It affects all socioeconomic groups equally all over the world and its prevalence is increasing day by day. Morbidity and mortality of the disease is also rising with the passing years. It not only affects respiratory system but other systemic components also get involved with its progression. There is no absolute cure for this disease but to reduce its morbidity, mortality and fatal complications patient requires long term therapy. So, a controlled clinical study was planned to develop a safe and cost-effective therapy to manage this chronic disease. Haritakyadi Gutika(Chakradatta Kasachikitsa 11/30)and Vasadi Kwatha (Yogratnakara Shwasa Nidana 5)werethe interventional drugs used in this study whose ingredients were mainly Tridoshashamaka and work on Pranavaha Srotasa. Study was done on thirty subjects diagnosed with COPD, aged between 45-75 years. Studysubjects were screened from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa department of Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital Paprola and were diagnosed on the basis of spirometric results. Spirometry was the main tool for inclusion of subjects in this study. Registered subjects were treated for thirty days with above mentioned drugs in group I and tablet Doxofylline in group II. Statistically significant improvement was observed after the completion of therapy in some of the symptoms. Haritakyadi Gutika in the dose of 2 gram per day and Vasadi Kwatha in the dose of 100 ml per day found to be more effective in cough and expectoration as compared to tablet Doxofylline in the dose of 400 mg per day. On overall assessment therapeutic effect of Haritakyadi Gutika and Vasadi Kwatha was found to be comparable to the standard drug i.e., tablet Doxofylline. As per the safety concern no untoward effect of drugs seen during the entire trial period.

9

Authors: KhushbuTT, Sheethal Dinesh Lende

BACKGROUND: Pama Kushta is one among the Kshudra Kushta, caused by vitiation of Pitta and Kapha Doshas. Based on the signs and symptoms, Pama Kushta can be correlated to Scabies in modern science. It is an intensely pruritic skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. Skin related epidemics are the causes of 14% of all contagious diseases in India. Among all contagious skin diseases Scabies accounts for 28%. Scabies can cause secondary infections and other complications including severe systemic illness if it is left untreated. Lack of awareness regarding the contagious nature of the disease as well as poor educational background contributes towards the prevalence of Scabies. A video assisted teaching programme is a planned teaching material of lecture combined with video which is imparted to the study group includes the concept in detail. The study has aimed at creating an awareness regarding Pama Kushta (Scabies) among the parents of children suffering from the disease and providing knowledge regarding Primary as well as Secondary prevention in order to prevent the occurrence of disease in vulnerable category and to prevent the complications in diagnosed cases respectively. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the knowledge of parents regarding the prevention of Pama Kushta (Scabies) in children by a pre test. 2. To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention of Pama Kushta (Scabies) in children among Parents by comparing the pre test and post test knowledge. METHODOLOGY: A video assisted teaching programme was conducted after selecting 100 parents of children who were suffering from Pama Kushta (Scabies) and the knowledge regarding the disease as well as its prevention were analysed by using a structured pre-test and post-test questionnaire before and after the programme. The results were analysed by using descriptive statistical test and conclusion were drawn. RESULTS: The overall knowledge regarding Pama Kushta (Scabies) among parents of children suffering from the disease got increased from 26.7% to 84.9% after the video assisted teaching programme. CONCLUSION: The video assisted teaching programme was successfully imparted to the study group, helped to increase the knowledge level regarding Pama Kushta (scabies) and its preventive aspects.

10

Authors: Rupali Praveen Kamble, A P Vaijwade

These days due to dust pollution and unhygienic conditions, Hyperaemia of Conjunctiva occurs, and it has become commonest most frequently occurring eye disease. It is a custom to treat the patient of Hyperaemia of Conjunctiva with Decongestant and Lubricating eye drops. Though such medications give symptomatic relief in short time period but recurrence is not prohibited as it does not act on root causes so it has been decided to solve out the problem by an Ayurvedic line of treatment.

11

Authors: Roshni K P

Kala is unique and specific causative factor of all type of effects, which is unavoidable. It is described as a Nimitta Karana, (instrumental cause) which means no action is possible without the causative association of Kala. That is why, Ayurveda being science of life, gives emphasis on the concept of Kala. The relationship between Bhesaja and Kala is having great applicability in the management of diseases. As per Acharya Vagbhata, Kala explains the administration of Bhesaja1 . Similarly, Acharya Charakaalso pointed out that Bhesaja given at proper Kala is more effective than the one which given at inappropriate Kala.

12

Authors: Azara Qureshi, Sunil Thakur2 , Vijay Chaudhary3 , Anjana Mishra4 and Manik Soni

Background:The incidence of Kamala is very common due to erratic lifestyle, food habits and sanitation (water pollution and contaminated food). On the basis of similarity in clinical symptomatology, Kamala can be co-related with jaundice as described in modern medical science. It is not an independent disease entity but a clinical condition which may arise due to diverse disease conditions. Multifactorial etiological conditions can result in impairment of liver function which clinically manifests as jaundice. Hence, apart from treating the basic disease which is responsible for this condition, every effort has to be done to improve the liver function which is primarily deranged.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Eladi Churna and Draksha Ghrita in Kamala Roga. Methodology:A comparative clinical study was conducted on thirty patients of Kamala. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly selected for the trial and put into two groups of 15 patients each. Group-I was treated with Eladi Churna while group II was treated with Eladi Churna and Draksha Ghrita. Sign and symptoms of Kamala asNetra, Twaka, Nakha, Mukha and Mutra Peetata, Avipaka, Aruchi, Hrullasa, Chardi, Daha, Daurbalya, Angasada, Kandu as well as biochemical assessment was done as total serum bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminases were recorded before and after treatment. Patients of obstructive jaundice, jaundice due to carcinoma of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, acute hepatocellular failure were excluded from the study. Assessment suggests improvement in patients suffering from Impaired Liver Function after 3 weeks of treatment.Results: Both Groups showed statistically significant result in terms of subjective as well as objective criteria. Group-II treated with Eladi Churna and Draksha Ghritashowed better result compared with Group-I treated with Eladi Churna.

12

Authors: Pooja Badani, Hitesh Vyas

Among all dreadful conditions arising because of modern day living, Diabetes is a giant disease considered as one of the arch enemy of the mankind caused by improper diet and lifestyle. It is often referred to as a „Silent Killer‟. Diabetes and its complications pose a major threat to public health resources throughout the world. So it is like to understand how Prameha is arising as preventive aspect of Ayurved. Also holistic approach of Ayurveda in regard to preventive, promotive and curative measures with due consideration of appropriate diet & lifestyle to provide better health by preventing Samprapti. Taking these facts in focus, trying to elaborate all the aspect of Samprapti of Prameha.

15

Authors: Sithara M S, Joy Verghese T2 , Hariprasad P3 andMigy John

Background: KatakakhadirādiKaṣāyaṃis a classical Ayurvedic Polyherbal preparation used for the treatment of diabetes, skin, and urinary tract ailments. However, to scientifically validate its efficacy and also to develop it as a product fulfilling all domestic and international regulatory guidelines, preclinical in vivo safety and efficacy data is essential. Objectives: To assess the toxic potential of, KatakakhadirādiKaṣāyaṃ,when administered orally in repeated doses to Wistar rats. Methods: KatakakhadirādiKaṣāyaṃwas manufactured at CARe Keralam Ltd. Subchronictoxicity study of KatakakhadirādiKaṣāyaṃ, with 28 day reversal period, was conducted in six groups of rats with equal number of males and females. On completion of treatment and recovery periods, blood and tissue samples were collected from rats, from respective groups, for evaluation. Results: Hematological and serum biochemical analysis data did not show any statistically significant differences in KatakakhadirādiKaṣāyaṃtreated groups compared to respective normal control groups. On necropsy, no gross pathological changes were noted in the treated animals compared to the control animals. Histopathological examination of internal organ samples from the control and the treatment groups did not reveal any pathologically significant changes. Conclusions: From the results of this study, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect–Level (NOAEL) of KatakakhadirādiKaṣāyaṃ in Wistar rats, after administration for 90 days was found to be 2300 mg/kg.

5

Authors: Sharon Sebastian, Suchetha Kumari2 and Arpana Jain

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy typified by oligoovulation or anovulation, signs of excess androgen and multiple small ovarian cysts. There is no direct reference for the condition in Ayurvedic classics but can be correlated to artavavyapaths like nashtartava, artava kshaya and yonivyapaths like vandyayonivyapath and Pushpaghni Jathaharini explained by Achaya Kashyapa. It remains as a challenge to select a treatment which is safe, non- hormonal and effective against the associated symptoms. This study is designed with an objective to analyse the effect of Chitrakagranthikadhi kashaya3 and Nashtapushpanthaka rasa4 in PCOS. After the study duration, it was found that the patients were having significant relief in their disturbed menstrual parameters. A considerable reduction in the volume of the ovaries were also seen after the treatment. One patient got conceived during the follow up period. The intervention is beneficial in treating PCOS. The study can be conducted in a large sample size for a longer duration to see the accurate efficacy of the drug.

5

Authors: Krishnapriya S, GazalaHussain2 and Anu Robert

Ayurveda is an ancient healthcare system with eight specialties. Agada tantra is a specialized branch of ayurveda that offers meticulously detailed information about animate and inanimate poisons and methods of eliminating these poisons from the body. Many formulations have been explained in the samhitas (treatise of Ayurveda) for the management of poisons. Herbal, mineral, and herbo-mineral preparations are used to treat visha. Haratala (Arsenic trisulphide) is one of the mineral used in formulations of agada tantra. In this article a review has been done through the bruhathrayee (treatise of Ayurveda) to find out the agada yogas which contain Haratala.

6

Authors: Mahender Kumar, Shrikanta Kumar Panda

Ayurveda focus more on prevention of diseases than treatment. Aahar (diet) and dincharya (ideal life-style) are two important principles described as to prevention. Cancer is responsible for a large no of morbidity and mortality in the world, responsible for new cases of about 18.1 million and death of about 9.6 million in 2018 according to WHO and a lot of evidence suggests that major responsible causes of cancers are life style factors, physical inactivity, refined sugar, the typical high fat and smoking. However, 30 -35% of the cancer cases can be prevented by a healthy life style and diet according to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF). Cancer can be managed through diet because they are the source of important physiologically functional components. According to scientific observations research dietary supplement helpful to prevent breast cancer recurrences. Fibers, which is the main dietary components, having antineoplastic functions, due to its unique properties it is recognized as treatment of cancer. Antioxidant rich diet is required for the prevention of cancer. It has been observed that by healthy Aahar (diet) and dincharya (ideal life-style) i.e., reducing alcohol consumption, nonsmoking, physical activity and weight control and, breast-feeding and a plant-based diet can avoid half of the cancer.

6

Authors: Prasanna N Mogasale, Aswathy P M2 and Nagaraj S

Central Cord Syndrome is the most frequently encountered form of cervical spinal cord injury which can be found in persons of any age. It is characterized by disproportionately greater motor impairment in upper extremities than lower extremities and variable degree of sensory loss below the level of injury in combination with bladder dysfunction and urinary retention. There is no satisfactory treatment available in western medicine for this condition. As per Ayurveda it can be considered as Krikatika marmabhighatajanya sarvangavata. Krikatika marmabhighata,is characterised by loss of movement below neck region.Here is a case of 41 year old male patient who had reduced strength and sensation of both lower limbs (left > right) and unable to walk without support was treated with Ayurvedic oral medications and Panchakarma procedures. The case study demonstrates that Central Cord Syndrome may be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment.

6

Authors: P. Hemantha Kumar, Indrabir Mishra

Ayurveda provides a description of every aspect of sickness and life. Under the concept of Janpadodhwamsa Acharya mentioned four essential factors, i.e. Vayu (air), Jala (water), Desha (land) and Kaala (season) and their abnormal alteration which causes adverse effect not only individual living beings but also a whole community. Adharm (immorality) is the foremost cause of Janpadodhwansa and today humans forget all their responsibility for nature and committing misdeed in the form of Adharm regarding nature. In the context of the present, all these mentioned changes are visible and peoples are being affected by them. A similar situation also occurs in epidemics and pandemics. In the present review article primarily focussed on to understand the concept of Janpadodhwansa and its cause in current scenario.

6

Authors: Byresh A, Ashwini N

The waste generated in a health care setup is termed as Bio-Medical Waste. Its Management becomes necessary & important owing to the risk it poses to the environment if not handled properly. It is important to identify, segregate and dispose Bio Medical Waste. The Bio-Medical Waste generated in an Ayurveda Hospital is totally different from the waste generated from an Allopathy Hospital. BMWM rules 2016 emphasis on safe segregation, collection, storage & disposal of Bio Medical Waste. Owing to the type of waste generated in an Ayurveda Hospital it becomes important to analyse, segregate & safely dispose the same inculcating BMWM rules 2016. Panchakarma Treatment forms the integral part of Ayurveda, hence it necessary to understand the waste generated, segregation and its disposal. The waste generated during various treatment is critically analysed and the use of various colour coded bags to be used for the same is identified.

7

Authors: Ramitha Mundkur, Veerakumara

Prameha is considered as one among ashta mahagada and is described in all the classics of ayurveda, in the modern parlance it can be considered as Diabetes mellitus. India is emerging as the diabetes capital of the world, due the sedentary life style, lack of exercise, improper diet habits and stress are few among many reasons for diabetes, which in our literature can be understood as santarpanjanya nidana's that result in prameha.

7

Authors: Swati Malsariya, K Bharathi2 and B Pushpalatha

Normal vaginal delivery or Sukhaprasava is a natural way of giving birth to a healthy fetus by a healthy mother without any external medical or surgical intervention. This is the ultimate aim of every pregnancy. But now a day the rate of unnatural child birth over natural child birth is going to rise. But there are many demerits of unnatural deliveries like risk of anesthesia drugs, wound infection, greater blood loss, increase hospital stay with longer recovery period, delayed lactation which affects bond formation between mother and newborn, many respiratory problems in newborn as born unnaturally and many more. For promoting natural vaginal deliveries some intervention is well accepted before the onset of labor which having no any negative impact over mother and her baby. Ayurveda provides a regime for having normal vaginal delivery or Sukhaprava during ninth month of gestation. It includes Matrabasti and Yonipichu with oil medicated with sweetened drug or madhuraaushadha. Among the list madhuraaushadha Bala (Sida cordifolia) can be selected to prepare medicated oil for Matrabasti and Yonipichu. As this drug is also mentioned under balya, brimhaniya and prajasthapanamahakashaya thus provide strength to uterus at the time to labor. Bala is also ojovardhaka in nature thus help the parturient women to tolerate stress and pain at the time of labor. Bala having many more such qualities which makes it most preferable aushadha to be used during ninth month regime for Matrabasti and Yonipichu which is further described under this paper.

7

Authors: Ved Prakash, Deepti Parashar2 and Sangeeta

Astrology has a thousand-year history in India. It provides a greater understanding of planetary impacts on human beings, as well as an intricate component of a person's day-to-day life and their relationship with destiny. Astrology knowledge is valuable. It is included in VEDAS, which were passed down to us by past sages through their intuitive understanding. Astrology is a science based on information about the movements of planetary systems such as planets and stars. An astrologer does nothing more than analyze the effects of these motions on people's lives. Astrology is the study of the stars. The Sciences of the Stars this is known as Jyothisham in Sanskrit, which means "LIGHT SCIENCE." Ayurveda is a Science of Life conveyed to us through VEDAS for the purpose of maintaining good health. This is essentially a method of holistic treatment which derives its power from the understanding the enormous influence of the nature holds on human beings and aims at eradication of human sufferings both physical and mental through the products of nature. Astrology and Ayurveda are branches of the same tree, and when used together, they produce greater results. The mental and emotional parts of the birth chart are revealed, which provides a good indication for the diagnosis of most ailments. Exercises aid in the development of physical strength, prayers aid in the development of inner mental power, and astrology aids in the development of confidence in divinity and nature.

8

Authors: Malavi Shayan, Praveen Kumar H

Objectives: To review the drug combination and contra-indications as per Rastantrasaara va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha & to analyze and discuss the importance of drug combinations and contra-indications as per ayurvedic classics. Data Source: The data was collected from Rastantrasaar Sangraha va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha authored by Thakur Nathu Singh Ji. Methods: Although many classical texts contain descriptions of formulations & their utilization, ayurvedic practitioners often modify them to suit the individual constitution. Drugs of different origins are mixed in various proportions to increase their potency and to obtain few other advantages. Here, an attempt is made to familiarize the ayurvedic practitioners regarding the classical details of Drug indication, Combinations, Contra-indications & their general usage. Results: Any formulation which flushes out morbid doshas completely from the body, is considered an ideal formulation even if it is teekshna in nature. Conclusion: Proper drug at the precise dose by the accurate route at the correct time for the right person will always provide beneficial effects.

8

Authors: Ekta, Soni Kapil

Background: Infertility is one of the major issues which has altered the mankind for lack of conception due to stressful work environment, hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, unhealthy changing lifestyle, anxiety resulting in massive personal suffering and psychosomatic distress to the patient. Classical Ayurvedic texts,Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita ,Rasaratna Samucchya, ,Harita Samhita have described types of Bandhyatva. Acharya Sushruta described four essential factors i.e. Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu,Beeja for conception. Bandhyatva (Infertility) refers to the biological inability of a woman of reproductive age to conceive and also the state of woman who is unable to carry pregnancy to full term. Here a case study of patient suffering from infertility has been presented. Aim & Objective: The present study is an effort to understand the disease according to Ayurvedic principles & to evaluate the role of safer and cost effective Ayurvedic management modalities in infertility. Materials &Methods: Patient with age 24 years with 4 years active married life having normal menstrual cycles. The probable cause was found after routine examinations of both partners having recurrent genital tract infections and reduced sperm count& quality in husband visiting the OPD of PTSR of RGGPGA College, Paprola. Lahsuna kalpa was administered for 9 days to both the partners after clearance of menses of female. Results: Patient had conceived after the use of Lashuna Kalpa. Conclusion: Hence it has been concluded that Lashuna kalpa can be practiced as a line of treatment for infertility by Ayurvedic gynecologists which needs further research in large sample to establish.

9

Authors: Kshama Kulkarni, Rakesh Mishra2 , Ankita Mishra3 and I B Kotturshetti

Motherhood is the most gracious phase in every woman’s life. It brings about physical, physiological, emotional changes to the body. In this phase the body needs extra care for a pregnant woman herself, developing fetus, and birth outcomes as well. Although it is a beautiful process, pregnancy may have numerous complications like intrauterine growth retardation, pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-term delivery etc. that can affect both the mother and fetus. Yoga comprises stretching exercises, physical postures, breathing techniques and meditation which minimizes the pregnancy complication provides a great range of activity and benefits to mother, unborn child in various ways. A regular yoga practice during pregnancy can improve birth weight, reduces pre-term labor, decreased IUGR with less or no complications resulting in healthy pregnancy. This paper reviews about the types of Yogasana, Pranayama, and Mudra that are beneficial for women in all the stages of pregnancy.

9

Authors: Veena G Rao, Shalini C2 and Manasa S D

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the common inherited neuropathies, caused due to mutations of the genes that produce proteins that are involved in the structure and function of either the peripheral nerve axon or the myelin sheath. Its clinical presentation comprises of toe walking, pes cavus, claw hand, waddling gait, foot drop, absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes, nerve hypertrophy and loss of touch sensation predominantly in feet and legs. Prevalence rate is 1 in 2,500 individuals and it is associated with duplication (in 90%) of 17p11.2 (Hemizygous duplication). This can be correlated with Sarvanga Roga in Ayurveda. Here is a study of 24 years old male patient who is a known case of Charcot Marie Tooth disease complaining gradual onset of weakness in both lower limbs below the knee, foot and in both arms and hands since childhood, associated with thinning of distal muscles, difficulty in walking and muscular pain over the limbs and stiffness over joints. Considering these symptoms, case was diagnosed as Sarvanga Roga and treated using Ayurvedic principles. The Panchakarma therapies including Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa, Basti Karma along with Shamana Aushadhis has showed a sustainable improvement.

10

Authors: Arun Kumar M, Silviniya Anitharaj Fernandes2 , Mamatha KV3 , Prasanna N Mogasale4 and Nagaraj S

Now a days along with change in lifestyle, menstrual irregularities have become common, impairing the quality of life of a woman. Asrigdara is a disease of artava vyapath manifested by the dosha prakopa with rakta dushti primarily in artavaha srotas, characterised by dirana (excessive excretion) of asrik (menstrual blood). It refers to all types of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). In order to accept AUB universally, a newer classification of system was introduced known as “PALM-COEIN”. All acharyas have given much priority to rakta dhatu in causing the disease, because of the involvement of rakta in most of the diseases in comparison with other dhatus. Hence, an attempt has been made to study and expand the shonitadushti nidana in asrigdara.

10

Authors: Radhakrishna Reddy D, Shivalingappa J Arakeri2 and Ravi R Chavan

Introduction: The disease Bhagandara is included as one among the Ashtamahagadas. It is one of the most common diseases pertaining to ano-rectal region. The literal meaning of Bhagandara is daarana which is splitting up/bursting up of pakwa pidaka in the bhaga, guda, basti pradesha results in the formation of a communicating tract, thus causing discomfort to the patient. Up to 26.5% recurrence rate, 40% of high risk of impaired continence and 5.6% non-healing of the wound were reported after surgical treatment. To overcome these lacunae the Ksharasutra ligation procedure has been adopted. The advantages of this procedure are; It is cost effective, needs minimal hospitalization and has least adverse effects. This can be employed efficiently in both high and low anal fistulae. This type of therapy is considered as a minimal invasive parasurgical measure at global level. Apamarga Kshara Sutra is standardized one, and effectively used. But pain and burning sensation during the treatment is a very often complaint of the patient and availability of Apamarga is also difficult throughout the year as Apamarga is seasonal plant in order to overcome these disadvantages, exploration of new plants for the preparation of Kshara Sutra hence in the present study Apamarga is replaced with Tilanala. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Tilanala Ksharasutra in the management of Bhagandara w.s.r to Fistula-in-Ano. Materials and Methods: 30 patients diagnosed with Bhagandara were randomly grouped into 2 groups with 15 patients in each group. Group A was treated with Tilanala Ksharasutra followed by Betadine 10% solution infiltration, Group B was treated with Tilanala Ksharasutra without Betadine 10% solution infiltration both were clinically evaluated. Results: Assessment of Pain, Discharge, Itching, length of the tract in Group A showed 97.23%, 100%, 100%, 100% improvement and in Group B 97.46%, 100%, 95.85%, 100% improvement respectively. Mean UCT of Group A was 6.96 days/cm and Group B was 7.57 days/cm with p value >0.05 which is not significant which shows that Tilanala kshara sutra is effective in the management of Bhagandara. Conclusion: Tilanala kshara sutra is much effective in the management of Bhagandara.

12

Authors: Nirmal Krishnan R, Ahalya S2 and S M Pasha

Eyes are most significant among the sense organs which reflects the beauty and health of an individual. Disturbances of vision directly or indirectly affects the normal functioning of other senses too. Prevention of eye diseases and maintaining the ocular health in this era is of prime importance. Especially during this pandemic period, the digital screen time has increased drastically due to the online classes, work from home etc. and thus induces stress and strain to the eyes. This augments the occurrence of various visual disturbances and other ocular diseases such as myopia, dry eye syndrome etc. Ayurveda, the science of life always offers prime importance to the prevention of diseases before their manifestation. Ancient sages described Dinacharya, Rtu charya, Pathyahara-vihara, Rasayana etc. for the maintenance of ocular health. Various yogasanas and techniques like trataka can also be practiced in this time, which will help in preserving normal functioning of the eyes. Following an Ayurvedic way of life during this pandemic period can effectively reduce the impact of eye diseases and maintain the ocular wellbeing.

13

Authors: Hemant Upadhyay, Akashdeep A Meshram

There are eight variants of congenital deformities (Astha Nindita Purusha). Individuals with these eight types of malformations are morphologically or genetically abnormal, as it conclude that people suffer from a wide variety of diseases and are difficult to treat because they are treatable with high risk (yapya / krachha sadhya) or incurable (asadhya). But now a days these Ashta Nindita Purusha are getting relevant treatment according to their disease and condition. There are many diseases that can be included in this category, which are not categorized in Ayurveda. There need of understanding Nindita Purusha based on their morphological abnormalities like Trisomy, Gynecomastia, Progeria, Poliomyelitis, Congenital physical disability etc. that can be included that but not included yet. So, an effort has been done to understand the diseases along with its pathologies that can be included as Nindita Purusha and its importance in present era.

15

Authors: Hareendran Nair J, Kasthuri Nair A2 , Arun Pratap3 , Arjun Chand CP4 , Aswathy RS5 , Nisha MG6 and Shan Sasidharan

Fever is the most common manifestation of infection and refers to a core temperature of greater than 100.4°F (38.0°C), which occurs due to an increase in hypothalamic ‘set point’ for temperature. Respiratory tract infection refers to any kind of infection especially bacterial or viral involving the respiratory tract. There is no direct explanation regarding virus, viral fever, and associated respiratory tract infections in Ayurvedic classics. The basic concepts of which were taken from Jwara (fever) and Kasa (cough) Prakarana (chapter). Viral fever can be considered as Abhishanga Jwara, a type of Agantu (caused by external factors) Jwara which is caused by Bhutadi (microorganisms) and is Sannipathika (vitiation of three Dosha) in nature. Respiratory tract infections are due to exposure to Agantu factors like Rajas (dust), Dhooma (fumes), and they are mostly Kapha Vata Pradhana Sannipathika in nature. This review is an attempt to understand viral fever and viral infections of respiratory tract through Ayurvedic principles and thereby utilizing the preventive and curative principles mentioned in Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Jwara, Kasa and Swasa (breathing disorders) for the preventive and management aspects of the emerging deadly viral infections.

5

Authors: Dhara H. Devani, Ram Shukla2 , Hemang Raghavani3 and Pooja Sharma

Diabetic Nephropathy is a specific form of Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephropathy is a leading complication of Diabetes mellitus that affects about 40% of diabetics. In advance cases intense management such as dialysis may be needed. Further it leads to renal transplant badly affecting the quality of life. With limited options available in modern medicine, ayurvedic principle of diagnosis and treatment may be useful. A 59 years old female patient visited Panchakarma OPD with known case of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus for 17 years, with bilateral pedal oedema, puffiness of face, generalized weakness and fatigue. Her renal and diabetic profile were deranged. Patient was taking oral hypoglycaemic agent and diuretic tab. 3 tab./day. She was a known case of Diabetic Nephropathy. According to principles of Ayurveda she was diagnosed as case of ‘Prameha updrava janya Vrukka roga’. She was under Ayurvedic management for 4 months continuously. After 4 months, marked relief in symptoms was seen in patient. Diabetic and renal profile improved, particular protein in urine seen nil along with decrease in the dose of diuretics.

6

Authors: Nita Mahalle, Sunita Bhusare

In the present era, people suffer from many life style disorders due to improper dietary habits, lack of exercise, sedentary life style, suppression of natural urges and stressful conditions. Human cannot discriminate between good and bad things. the main causes of all this things are explain in Charaka samhita is miss used of senses (asatmyendriyartha samyoga) , intellectual error (pradnyaparadha), transformation and decay due to time (parinama or kala). It is need of an hour to study the concept of trividha hetu (asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha, parinama), which are root causes of all physical and mental diseases, in various dimensions. This is an attempt to study the concept of charakokta trividha hetu (asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha, parinama) and its significance in Rognidan. The concept of asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha,parinamais detailed discussed in trieshniya adhaya of charaksamhita. If one can avoid these three basic causes by following code of conduct as prescribed in Ayurveda one remain healthy and will be capable in achieve his goals of life. Avoidance of these three causes asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha, parinama is the only preventive and curative measure for most of the diseases.

6

Authors: Dhara N Deliwala, Tapan M Vaidya

BACKGROUND: Chiari malformation is a congenital deformity of para-axial mesoderm, which subsequently results in formation of a small posterior fossa. Surgery is only treatment which may not be successful even for symptomatic relief. CASE PRESENTATION: A 43years old patient pre-diagnosed with Arnold chiari malformation type 1 came to the hospital due to reappearance and increase of the symptoms after the 3 years of surgery. He was hospitalized and treated with Sarvanga abhyanga with Narayana taila and Sarvanga bashpa svedana with nirgundi patra followed by mrudu virechana with eranda taila. Orally Balamoola kvatha, Kaishora guggulu and Ashvagandha churna and externally griva basti as well as nasya with narayana taila were administered for next three weeks period. Matra basti was given every day with narayana taila in evening after the food. Patient’s general condition was improved and was able to perform his routine activities. Good improvement noticed in slurred speech, imbalance in walking, neck pain and headache. Clinodactyly in hands was moderately relieved and numbness and tingling sensation was absent.

7

Authors: Smriti Pandey, Brajesh Gupta

In Ayurveda, loss of hair is termed as "Khalitya". It is a disease with vata-pitta predominance, increased pitta dosha along with vata dosha at the root of hair follicle causes hair fall. Hairfall is a universal problem, having affected both sexes of all races. Genetic predisposition and hormonal stress factors predominantly contribute to the above. Apart from hormonal factors, other reasons for hair loss in both sexes can be, improper nutrition (esp. lack of iron and protein) which is essential for maintaining healthy hair growth. In modern physiology Alopecia can be correlated with Khalitya. Prakriti or the constitution of a person is an inherent nature of an individual determined at the time of birth, which cannot be changed. The concept is useful in predicting that an individual will be susceptible to a particular disease. The aim of the study is to find that khalitya (Alopecia) is predominant in which of the three prakritis. It was found that prakriti plays its role in Alopecia and it is found mainly in pittaj prakriti individuals.

8

Authors: Aishwarya Pandey, Chandrakant Upadhyay2 and Saroj Parhate

Formulation in which all the constituent drugs are taken in a Khalva, properly mixed and subjected to Bhavana (levigation) with some indicated herbal media for specific times (for specific preparation) to achieve the final product without heating is known as Khalviya Rasayana (preparation with mortar and pestle). Tribhuvanakirti Rasa is a well-known Kharliya Rasayana. The aim of the present study is to compile all textual references of Tribhuvanakirti Rasa and to analyze them in comparative manner in terms of their composition, method of preparation, dose, indication, and contribution of various texts regarding these particular formulations. Through different texts 4 formulations have been describe, among all formulations termed as Tribhuvanakirti Rasa have been quoted by most seers, but only in the Rasaprakash Sudhakara was mention as Udarghna Rasa, and are well acclaimed for their antipyretic effect. Tribhuvanakirti Rasa containing Shodhita Hingula (purified cinnabar), Shodhita Vatsanabha (purified Aconitum ferox (Linn.)), and Shodhita Tankana (purified Borax) etc. as ingredients are used in Jwara (Fever) and the one with Tamra (Cupper), Gandhaka (Sulphur) and Parada (Mercury) is indicated in Udar Roga (abdominal diseases).

8

Authors: Sima A. Kurule, Lata A Rathod2 and Nirmala R Sonawane

Pharmacovigilance is the need of hour to keep an eye on the adverse drug reactions induced by all systems of medicine. A Drug or formulation produces adverse events if it is not procured, produced, and used as per the classical guidelines. Various classical preparations along with some proprietary formulations were manufactured by the developed pharmaceutical industries which have brought many challenges about safe use of Ayurvedic Medicines especially metallic preparations and herbo-mineral drugs of Ayurvda are always in doubt regarding safety and toxicity. Rasashastra is the alchemy of traditional Indian system of medicine which deals with the preparation of therapeutic products by using metals, minerals, animal products and toxic substances. Rasaushadhies were known to cure illnesses in a short time period, very small dosage, and also easily palatable. Being the pharmaceutical branch Rasashastra literature is full of standard methods to prepare various medicines, and it also mentioned adverse drug events occurred due to inaccuracy in the procedures accepted. In this review article an attempt was made to throw some light on origins of those adverse drug reactions mentioned in literature.

8

Authors: Anjali Sanjeev, SM Kapgate

Nicotine is responsible for the widespread narcotic habits in the world. Nicotine is the main active principle in Tobacco which is the most common overused product and the second major cause of death in the world. In India, tobacco use is characterized by a high prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Consumption of tobacco is responsible for one of the highest rate of oral cancer in the world and the incidence rate is increasing every year in a steady manner among young users. Smoking is responsible for large number of premature deaths in India. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant, acts on peripheral autonomic ganglia but later depresses or blocks. These factors greatly intensified the need to investigate and explore the increasing demand and systemic effects of Tobacco consumption. The present article is an endeavor to review the systemic effects of tobacco in nutshell. METHODS Scientific literature regarding tobacco were collected from various data bases from PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Journals and Textbooks. DISCUSSION Unlike smoking, females are equally indulged on pan tobacco chewing in India as it has gained social acceptance especially in economically backward class. Nicotine which is a hygroscopic volatile bitter liquid alkaloid is a fast-acting cardiac poison. The molecular identity of nicotinic receptors is responsible for drug seeking behavior and addiction of tobacco. CONCLUSION Tobacco is major cause of addiction and disease occurrence in Indian population. Hence awareness about the health issues caused due to nicotine addiction is recommended.

9

Authors: Arvind Kumar Yadav, Pankaj Gupta2 , Nisha Bhalerao3 , Swatantra Kumar Chourasia4 and Shiba Datta Panda5

The human body is a conglomeration of the Srotas. Holistic science of Ayurveda is based on Doshas, Ddhatu, Oja, Agni and Srotas etc. Srotasas are the micro channels of the body which provide platform for activities of Tridosh, Dhatu, Oja, Agni etc. In Ayurvedic classics the term Srotas is used as all the macro and micro channels and pathways operating in the living organism. One of them are Medovaha Srotas. The distribution of adipose cells in human body is prevalent in subcutaneous tissue, omentum, kidney, skeletal muscles, liver and this reconfirms the Moolasthana of Medovaha Srotas (Vrikka, Vapavahan, Kati) described by Charak and Shushruta. The vitiation of this Srotas can leads to Sthaulya /obesity, Prameh etc. Obesity can be defined as an excess depositions of body fat. The fat in the adipose tissue is derived from two main sources that is from food fat, carbohydrate & protein. Adipose cells are actually responsible for converting carbohydrate into fat. The excessive intake of fatty food, sedentary lifestyle, neuro-hormonal abnormality and genetic predisposition are leading causes of Obesity. It is the risk factor for many diseases like diabetes, CVA, hypertension, etc. In present scenario treatment of lifestyle disorder like obesity with modern system of medicine alone are not properly. Ayurvedic Science ÞSwasthasy Swasthya Rakshnam” ßlike Dincharya, Ritucharya etc. has great potential in preventing and treating life style disorders like obesity on the basis of description is mentioned in Ayurveda classics

10

Authors: Subhash Chand Yadav, Jeyabalan Govindasamy2 , ReeteshRamnani

A number of medicinal preparations in the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) have been used as effective hepatoprotective. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant, hepatoprotective activity and evaluation of effects on blood factors of Asphaltum punjabinum demonstrable in vivo and in-vitro by the inhibition of alcohol induced Wistar rat. In-vitro antioxidant activity of Asphaltum punjabinum was evaluated by various assays, including reducing power, lipid peroxidation, DPPH. Hepato protective activity as judged by the blood factors and serum enzymes levels viz. Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TBIL) and Direct Bilirubin (DBIL) as well as oxidant enzyme viz. Malon Dialdehyde (MDA) were prevented, while antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were elevated in liver tissues. Further histopathological examination of liver sections was carried out to support the induction of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective efficacy. The results showed potent activities on reducing power, lipid peroxide, DPPH, Superoxide anion. The substantially elevated serum enzymes level shows acute or chronic hepatitis.The histopathological observations supported the biochemical evidences of hepato protection. Elevated level of SOD and decreased level of MDA further strengthened the hepatoprotective observations. It was found that Asphaltum punjabinum has potent antioxidant and hepato protective activity against alcohol induced hepatic damage in experimental animals.

14

Authors: Prakash Mahadev Sutar, Sunny C. Patil2 and Mrunal Akre

Ayurveda motivates to live a healthy and prosperous life. In disease condition many procedures and treatments are mentioned to regain state of health. For this various drugs from plant, animal and mineral origin are used; all these drugs are mentioned along with their properties. But there are continues involvement in the drugs in the evolving world. There are various drugs, herbs which are not mentioned in Ayurveda and hence there qualities are not mentioned. Such drugs need to be work on identification and evaluation of their Rasapanchaka on the basis of Ayurveda. After the proper knowledge of Rasapanchaka of a drug its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics can be explained on the grounds of Ayurveda. So one of such drug DhaulaPhindawri has been studied on certain subjects for evaluation of its Rasapanchak

5

Authors: Megha G, Divyasri R A

Skin is the largest organ in a human body. Dermatological problems are diagnosed by Paediatricians on a daily basis. Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatologic diseases, affecting about 1 to 2% of the world’s population. Most of the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been mentioned under the title of Kushta which have Saptakodravya sangraha. Kitibha Kushta is one of the chronic conditions, which requires repeated shodhana and shamana chikitsa. Newer approaches are to be sought to have a quicker and better healing of lesions and also to prevent its recurrence. This paper highlights the effect of Ikshu rasa basti in a case of Kitibha kushta (Psoriasis).

5

Authors: Chaya H, Manjula K, Mahamad Yunus S Nabooji and Prakash B Shivapur

Thyroid problems are among the most common endocrine disorders presently seen worldwide.Thyroid hormone regulates the metabolic action of the body. Improper secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland leads to thyroid disorders. Gandamala being one such disease having an eagle sight, one can conclude out that how modern era is influencing both body & mind status of the individual. Based on clinical features of Gandamala can be considered as thyroid disorder and is one among the mamsapradoshaja vikara. Hence in this study an attempt is made the observation of thyroid hormone changes in Gandamala. After the study it was observed that, T3 and FT3 were found raised in the clinically diagnosed cases of Gandamala. Thyroid function test with raised T3, FT3 and normal T4, TSH, FT4 can be considered as supportive diagnostic tool for Gandamala.

6

Authors: Atal Singh Kushwaha, Rajeev Shrivastav and Nitin Ujjaliya

This article reviews the approaches for bridging classical Ayurveda facts with clinical diagnosis. In doing so author extracted some useful concepts from the classics and tried to corelate them and apply them in clinical practice. Now a days new young graduates seems under confident and does not showing much interest in practicing Ayurveda for the society. This concept of tri sutra and its clinical relevance can play an important role in enhancing their faith and interest in practice, for that tri sutra concept i.e the unite of hetu linga and aushadha with knowledge of sroto-vigyan can be made clear and understood with their clinical applicability. Ayurveda science operates through tri skandh for both diseased and healthy persons. Unlike western medicines Ayurveda doesn’t deals in a standardized way or on a common note rather its person centered medicine science (purusham purusham bheekshy). Hence a soul ayurvedic understanding of a disease needs to be understood with its clinical correlation.

7

Authors: Anil Tomar, M B Gaur

According to Ayurveda human body is structured with different types of srotas. The term Srotas means channels or networks which are basic and essential parts of body. All srotas are closely connected with their particular origin (mulasthan). Mulasthan of srotas are the sites of utpati (formation), vahan (transportation) and sangrah (storage) of a particular constituent to which the srotas belongs. Rakta (blood) is one of the important functional connective tissue of body of which formation, transformation and transportation is carried out by raktvaha srotas and the mula of the raktvaha srotas are Yakrut and Pleeha. For blood circulation modern science especially mentioned the cardiovascular system, liver as a most important metabolic gland and spleen as lymphoid organ and part of reticuloendothelial system. Blood related concepts like – formation of RBCs (hemopoiesis), destruction of RBCs and reservoir of RBCs is rooted in liver and spleen (pleeha). In this article, the relationship between Pleeha (Spleen) and Rakta (Blood) is studied. Also, an effort has been made to discover the reasons for mentioning the Pleeha (Spleen) as mulasthana of raktvaha srotas.

8

Authors: Chaitra L V, Krishnamurthy M S and Jayalaxmi

Rasashastra a branch of Ayurveda that deals with Metals,Minerals,visha dravyas,animal origin drugs, Herbomineral/Herometallic preparation and it is emphasizing on various pharmaceutical process such as Sodhana, Jarana, Marana, etc samskaras for the better pharmacodynamics action. In Ayurveda, treatment is of three types that are Daiwa (therapeutics), Manushi (medicinal therapy), Asuri (therapy involving various hymens and rituals). Rasa oushadis (Herbomineral, Herbometallic) which comes under Daiwa chikitsa. Rasa oushadis are more effective with low dose, having palatable, quick action and it can be used to treat asadhya vyadhis. Atisara is a condition where watery stool (drava mala) are passed in excess several times a day through anus. In Rasashastra classics, a handful of Herbomineral formulations are indicated in Atisara. Almost 10 rasa yogas have been mentioned in Atisarahara adhikara of Bhaishajya rathnavalli, 18 rasa yogas in Abhinava Chintamani, 10 rasa yogas in Vaidyachintamani, 4 rasa yogas in Yoga Rathnakara and in Rasendra Sambhava, 6 rasa yogas in Rasa rathna sammuchaya are indicated in Atisara. Here an attempt made to compel the Rasa oushadis indicated in Atisara from few Rasa classical texts. The review indicates that the Rasa oushadis can be administred in different condition of Atisara with different anupanas and which are therapeutically effective.

8

Authors: Nirmala R Sonawane, Sima A Kurule, Lata A Rathod and Sandip LAute

Panchkarma being Ayurvedic treatment modalities gaining top rank in the treatment priority list of the patients now a day. As a result, almost every Ayurvedic physician desires to attract patients by providing various Panchakarma therapies. A Panchakarma treatment requires concise precision but is being modified to suit a contemporary lifestyle. Basti chikitsa is the most widely among Panchakarma and the most common degenerative disease-Janusandhigata vata in which basti is the most promising treatment was selected for the study. A randomized open single blind controlled prospective clinical trial was undertaken on 60 patients suffering from Janusandhigat vata to compare the traditional and recent methods of basti daan vidhi (drug delivery) and also to treat Sandhigat vata, Erandamool niruha and Tila taila anuvasan was used in yog basti manual. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 each. To group A (study group) basti was given by the traditional method and group B (control group) basti given by recent method. Clinical facts obtained from the study were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. The present study provides strong pieces of evidence that prove the effectiveness of the traditional method of basti daan over the recent methods in several aspects.

9

Authors: Lekhan K G, Mohammed Faisal2 and Niveditha Shetty

Aushadhavacharana refers to application of different Dravya in various vikara. Vikara is of two types Samanyaja and Nanatmaja vikaras. Kaphaja rogas have been given prime importance in classical literatures of Ayurveda. While treating any disease, selection of right, potent and useful drug is very important, here role of Pancha padarthas of Dravya plays an important role. The drugs having Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasa pradana, having Gunas like Laghu, Ushna, Ruksha, Tikshna, Vishada, Sukshma, Khara, ushna Veerya, Katu Vipaka can be selected for treating Kaphaja rogas effectively. The action of the Dravya is either by any one of the above Pancha padarthas or in combination, hence before selecting the Dravya to treat the disease proper, examination of Roga and Rogi is must. An effort is made to compel the knowledge about different avacharanas based on various concepts of Dravyaguna which can be selected by vaidya in treating Kaphaja rogas to get the fruitful results.

9

Authors: Hemlata Dixit, Anita Sharma, Mukesh Shrimal and Amol Kadu

Dadru is one of the common skin disease mentioned in ayurveda. In modern science the clinical manifestation of dadru is closely similar to local fungal infection/tinea infection which is affecting upto 15% of population. Excessive severe itching and red patches are the common clinical manifestation which can be diagnosed by darshana and prashanapariksha. Potassium hydroxide microscopy and fungal culture are the specific tools for diagnosis of fungal infection. Lepanaand Shamanachikitsa will help to cure Dadru.

10

Authors: Pallavi V Kashyap, Shrikanth P, Niveditha Shetty and Suchitra N Prabhu

Objective: To determine the Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical analysis of the whole plant of Matsyakshi(Alternanathera sessilis (L.)R.Br.ex.DC) and to analyze its results. Materials and Methods: Whole plant of Matsyakshi was examined for its macro-microscopic features and pharmacognostic standardization parameters were determined according to WHO guidelines. Parameters such as loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extractive values were determined. The preliminary phytochemical tests and HPTLC were performed for the identification and standardization of Alternanthera sessilis. Conclusion: The odor, color, surface texture of the plant was noted. Microscopic characteristics revealed the presence of starch grains in T.S of leaf, trichomes and rosette crystals in T.S of Stem,Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of steroids, tannins and coumarins. HPTLC analysis revealed that there are 11bands in long UV range, 5bands in short UV range and 5band after derivatization. In densitometry scan 10peaks at 254nm, 13peaks at 366nm and 8peaks at 620nm. The long UV range had more number of bands and fewer bands in short UV range.

12

Authors: Vidyarathna K H P M, Kulatunga R D H and Madhumalika L P C

Lekhaneya Dashakaya is mentioned in Charaka Samhita and it has Lekhana (scraping /corrosive action) potentials are practiced for reduction of body weight. It consists of ten ingredients as, Musthaka, Kushtha, Haridra, Daruharidra, Vachaa, Athivisha, Katurohini, Chitraka, Chirabilwa. and Haimawathi. The present study has been focused to find out Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics potentials of ingredients of Lekhaneya Dhashakaya and develop the hypothetical samprapthi of Athisthaulya. The secondary data was collected by authentic texts of Charaka Samhita, Ayurveda Aushadha Samgrahaya book series, Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India book series, related web sites and scientific journals. Results revealed that Tikta (90%), Katu (80%) in Rasa, Laghu (100%), Ruksha (90%) in Guna, Ushna Veery (90%), Katu Vipaka (100%) and Kaphavatahara (50%) in Dosha karma were prominent pharmacodynamics potentials in Lekhaneya Dashakaya. Lekhana(100%), Deepana,(80%), Kaphaghna(70%), Pachana(60%), Krimighna(60%), Twak doshahara(50%), Shotahara(50%), Vedanasthapana(50%) and Jwaraghna(50%) were major pharmacokinetic potentials and hypolipidemic action (100%), anti-inflammatory action(90%), anti-diarrheal action(80%), hepatoprotective action(80%), anti – microbial action(80%) , hypoglycemic action (80%), anticancer (70%), anti-oxidant activity(70%), immunomodulatory action (70%) and anti -ulcer (50%) were the prominent pharmacological actions. While, Ruksha, Teekshna qualities cause to penetrate deeply in tissue level and scrap vitiated excessive accumulated medas due to Lekhana action, Kaphaghna action helps to expel excessive kapha and Amapachana and Agnideepana restore Jataraghni and Dathvagni. In addition, pharmacodynamic potentials and pharmacological properties of Lekhaneya Dashakaya have exhibited characteristic similarities. Thus, it can be concluded that Lekhaneya Dashakaya could be used in treating the Athisthaulya and it show multidimensional approach.

13

Authors: R. Padmavathi, Nousheen Fathima2 and Mohammed Abdul Samad

The goal of the current research was to explore the beneficial effect of integrating allopathic, ayurvedic, and probiotic treatment in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Wistar rats of either sex were divided into six groups. Group I received a single dose of vehicle rectally, group II received 2 ml of 3% v/v of acetic acid in 0.9% saline rectally, group III received mesalazine (100 mg/kg/p.o), group IV received Grahi (10 mg/kg/p.o), group V received mesalazine and Grahi and group VI received mesalazine, Grahi and sprolac (100 mg/kg/p.o). The Disease Activity Index (DAI) was measured during the treatment period. Blood was withdrawn white blood cell and differential leucocyte count at the conclusion of the research. The animals were sacrificed at the end of study period for the evaluation of intestinal inflammation, colonic microbial count, myeloperoxidase concentrations and histopathology under ether anesthesia. Combination treatment displayed a major beneficial impact relative to monotherapy in relieving colitis. Especially in comparison to monotherapy, total improvements in DAI, inflammatory ratings, white blood cells count, colonic microbial count and myeloperoxidase indicated a substantial improvement, reflecting the preference for combined therapy. Although monotherapy has also been successful in improving colitis, combined therapy has been even better. In colitis, the application of mesalazine and Grahi may be more helpful than monotherapy. In order to produce the most effective result in the treatment of colitis and other inflammatory intestinal disorders, probiotics may be prescribed as an adjuvant to the mixture of mesalazine and Grahi.

15

Authors: Khandate B. Maheshchandra, Amolshah M. Madavi2 and Patil Shilpa S

The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of gomutra yukta vaitarana vasti with dhanyamla yukta vaitarana vasti in the management of katishoola in 40 patients (20 in each group) from Govt. Ayurveda College Hospital, Tripunithura. Vaitarana vasti is one of such treatment modalities of Panchakarma which is directly indicated for vatavyadhis. It is mentioned in Chakradutta- Niruha-adhikara (73/32) and Vangasena - Vashtikarmadhikara (83/186-190) for the treatment of Katishoola. The selected patient will be subjected to deepana and pachana as purvakarma followed by Vaitarana vasti continuously for 5 days in both group of patients. After giving vasti, paschat karma and pathya-apathya will be followed accordingly. Base line data collection was done before and after treatment and during follow up in both the groups. As per the assessment criteria –Pain, Swelling, Stiffness, Tenderness, Range of movement and X-ray findings, Vaitarana vasti with Gomutra or Dhanyamla both were found to be effective in all the parameters taken for assessment statistically and clinically. According to observations and results obtained it was concluded that the Vaitarana vasti with Gomutra or Dhanyamla both were found to be highly effective in all the parameters taken for assessment of Katishoola.

4

Authors: Sreekala Vijayan, Amritha Aravind2 and Ashwinkumar S Bharathi

That part of the body which is elevated is termed as shotha (edema).It is also known as shopha or shvayathu.It is a very common symptom and accompanies a majority of diseases.It has been given outmost importance and a whole chapter in charakasamhita, discuss about Shothachikitsa (treatment for edema). Most of the acharyas consider visha (poison) to be one of the nidana (etymology) for shotha (edema). But vishajashotha has also been explained as a type of shotha (edema) in Madhava Nidana. In this article, vishajashotha along with its management has been briefed.

5

Authors: Suresh Kumar

Dysmenorrhoea is defined as painful menstruation so as to incapacitate day to day activities. A systematic review of studies in developing countries performed by Harlow and Campbell has revealed that about 25-50% of adult women and about 75% of adolescents experience pain during menstruation. Not less than 50% of women are said to experience some discomfort in relation to menstruation, and 5-10% of girls in their late teens and early twenties are incapacitated for several hours each month. Estimates vary widely because of difference in the criteria of dysmenorrhoea and because most investigations concern only one section of the community. The incidence of dysmenorrhoea is affected by social status, occupation and age, so groups of school girls, college students, factory workers, and women members of armed forces each provide different statistics. It has been seen in gynecological practice that patient with udavertini yonivyapad may be associated with the primary dysmenorrhoea. Charaka says that due to movement of flatus etc. natural urges in reverse direction, the aggravated vayu (apan vayu) moving in reverse direction fills yoni (uterus).This yoni (uterus) seized with pain, initially throws or pushes the raja (menstrual blood) upwards, then discharge it with great difficulty. The lady feels relief immediately following discharge of menstrual blood. Since in this condition the raja moves upwards or in reverse direction, hence, it is termed as udavartini.

6

Authors: Avni Parmar, Swati Bedekar2 and Nimesh Ka.Patel

Lifestyle disorder refers to a lifestyle-related disease and community-related conditions that increase or decrease health risks. Human life is very stressful in the present. Lifestyle disorders are mainly caused by poor diet (often sugar and fatty foods) and diet, lack of exercise (lifestyle), bad habits such as drinking alcohol, smoking, uncontrolled cravings, late sleep, daytime sleepiness and depression. Life is defined as the physical and mental capacity to perceive the needs of daily life. Yoga is the best option to prevent and manage lifestyle disorders, in particular, the effect of adoption to achieve work-related stress. The various forms of Yoga work on the principles of proper rest, proper exercise, proper smell - breathing, proper nutrition, beautiful wibes and meditation. Various routes such as Dincharya (daily type), Ritucharya (annual medicine), Rasayana treatment (rehabilitation), Sadvritta (appropriate rules and regulations) and Achara Rasayana (ethical) and Yogic practices are essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. psychological.

6

Authors: Rachna Jain, Shraddha Sharma

In Ayurveda along with Vata, Pitta, Kapha Doshas, Sukshma jantu (microorganism) are also supposed to be responsible for creating disease. Description regarding the management of krimi is available since Vedic period. Helminthic infestations contribute significantly to global burden of disease especially in tropical and subtropical region. Krimi have large variation in size complex life cycle and migratory habits with in their host and these account for an estimated billion infection each year. This clinical study has been carried out to study the effect of Vachadi Churna and Krimighna Basti on intestinal worms. In Group Vachadi Churna was administered to 25 patients whereas in Group B Krimighna Basti along with Vachadi Churna was administered to 25 patients. 65.61% and 80.90 % significant relief in symptoms was observed in both Groups respectively.

6

Authors: Santosh G. Girbide, Namrata U Kulkarni2 , Savita R Gudade3 , Milind Kamble4 and Sandeep Kale

Communication of every element with each other, transportation of each Bhava padartha i.e body element, transformation of every element into different forms all these functions are carried out by millions of channels or pathways present in our body termed as Strotasas. Annavaha strotasa is an essential strotasa as the major body function of digestion of food is carried out here. The conversion of food into sharir dhatus is initially carried out in Annavaha strotasa. Strotas-Parikshan is seldom tool to procure detail knowledge about physiological and pathological state of any strotasa. It also helps to understand severity of the disease. This article specifically focuses on detail study of Annavaha strotas, its pathological conditions. It also explains in detail the ayurvedic way that includes trividh pariksha, ashtavidh pariksha and examination from and modern point of view as well describing abdominal examination, lab investigations, etc.

7

Authors: Anita Choudhary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an expanding global health problem widespread among all the socioeconomic groups, leading to various complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy which are responsible for morbidity and mortality. Ayurvedic approach to pathogenesis of Prameha can provide solution in managing the incidence of diabetes among population by using various preparations. This is a case study of newly diagnosed Prameha (type 2 diabetes mellitus) patient treated completely using Ayurvedic principles. In the present case report, a 54-year-old female patient was treated with Nishakatakaadi Kwath and Chandraprabha Vati. After 2 months of strict Ayurveda protocol which basically included Shamana therapy, the fasting blood sugar (202mg/dl initially then reduced to 84mg/dl post treatment) and Post Prandial sugar level (From 327mg/dl initially then to 96mg/dl after treatment) decreased profoundly. The present study indicates that the Nishakatakaadi Kwath and Chandraprabha Vati are effective in the treatment of Prameha (Diabetes).

7

Authors: Shravani R. Babar, Ramchandra P. Babar

Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) are occurring commonly because of lack of cleaning or lack of effective disinfectant that can kill all the micro-organisms which spread through hospital environment. K.Pneumonie is very commonly found organisms in hospital environment and can be spread through person to person. Arishta Dhoopana Yoga is a Dhoopana yoga described by Acharya Kashyapa in Kashyap samhita dhoopkalpadhya to kill Rakshasa (Krumi, microorganisms), it is a herbal preparation of Nimba, with antimicrobial effect, easy for preparation, cost effective dhoopana yoga (fumigation agent). Arishta Dhoopan Yoga fumigation showed significant antimicrobial activity as good as formalin fumigation. Herbal fumigation (Arishta Dhoopan Yoga) is best possible and cost effective infection control measure for some specific microorganism (K.Pneumoniae). Herbal fumigation (ArishtaDhoopan Yoga) has no hazardous effects on human body. So, this Herbal fumigation (Arishta Dhoopan Yoga) can be considered for routine hospital fumigations. Fumigation effect of Arishta Dhoopan Yoga and Formalin were compared on K. pneumoniae. (Prepared in the form of agar slant) sprayed glass experimental chambers of 1M3 . The colony forming units (CFUs) of K. pneumoniae by taking swabs for the culture, before fumigation (at 0 Minute) and after fumigation (at 30 minutes, 3 Hours) were recorded. The observations of each group and intra group were compared. Significant results were noted in CFUs after fumigation in each group. Arishta Dhoopan Yoga showed significant effect after fumigation.

7

Authors: MD Haidar, Sarwar Hussain Ansari2 and Rajarshi Chaudhuri

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the primary cause of incapacity affecting function and development in childhood. In India approximate incidence of cerebral palsy is around 3 per 1000 live births. It is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder of cerebral origin. It includes different variety of clinical features of various etiology and severity starting from slight disability to absolute handicap. It is typically caused by an injury to the brain before, during or after birth, however there could be no obvious single reason. Although clinical features of CP changes from individual to individual but all person with CP have difficulties with movement and posture. Many also have related conditions such as intellectual disability, seizures, problems with vision, hearing, or speech, changes in the vertebrae (such as scoliosis), or joint problems (such as contractures). Considering all these characteristic features, Cerebral Palsy can be correlated to Vatavyadhi, that may manifest as such in any form like ekangavata, sarvangavata, pakshaghata, pangu, kampavata etc. Although Cerebral Palsy cannot be treated, treatment will generally enhance a child’s abilities. Swedana (sudation) is the therapy that relieves the Stambha (Stiffness) of the body, mitigate feeling of Guruta (Heaviness) and Sheeta (feeling of cold). Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda comes under the category of Saagni Sweda with Snigdha Dravya as milk and Shali Dhanya (rice harvested in 60 days). It has Snigdha, Guru, Sthira, Sheeta, Tridoshaghna and Brimhana guna (nourishing properties). In this article, an attempt has been made to search the research conducted on Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda to establish its role in Cerebral Palsy.

8

Authors: Rahul Parashar, Abhimanyu Kumar2 , Pramod Kumar Mishra2 and Brahmanand Sharma

The new infection, a worldwide danger brought about by novel Corona virus or COVID-19 was first found in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The proof from investigations of cases was that COVID-19 contamination caused gentle infection in about 80% of cases and most cases recuperate, 14 % had more serious sickness and 6% experience basic illness2 . It was accounted for that more seasoned men with clinical comorbidities were bound to get tainted and that too with more awful results. Extreme cases could even prompt heart injury, respiratory disappointment, intense respiratory pain condition and death3 . There was no treatment and prevention available and there was no pre-existing resistance in the population. The only way for breaking the disease transmission was quarantine of the healthy people and isolation of the infected. In India the Govt. of India started the full nationwide Lock down from 25 march 2020 for 21 days and extended it to 31 may 2020 in four phases. Phase 5 was running from 1 June 2020 only at contentment zones4 . While from 8 th June 2020 unlock one was started5 . During this period so many restrictions were started on human life. So, the daily routine of most of the people was locked or transformed. In this concern so many health challenges and changes were happened with unknowing the results of them. A study on impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physiological health, economy and social life of people in Jodhpur was done. A study was conducted by Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurveda university Jodhpur in 2020, found that 53.8% of respondents rated the physiological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe. Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), as well as the poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were also related with a lower physiological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

8

Authors: Devendra Kumar, Shrinidhi Kumar K

Cerebral palsy is a brain disease with non-progressive degeneration of brain tissues. Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for a major portion of CP with incidence between 60% -70% of all cerebral palsy case. Various Panchakarma procedures like Snehana (body massage with medicated oil), Swedana, Udwartana (medicated powder massage), Shirodhara, Lepa and Basti (oil and decoction enemas) etc are found to be beneficial in the management of hypertonicity in children. All these Panchakarma procedures improve flexibility of joints, improves circulation and reduces pain. It improves gross as well as fine motor functions, provides nourishment, improves overall general condition and quality of life in children with hypertonicity.

8

Authors: Shail Bala Mehar, Chandan Singh2and Renu Sharma

Ayurveda has given emphasis to various diseases, mutraghata is one of them. Mutraghta is a condition in consequence with some kind of obstructive uropathy either mechanical or functional, reassembling in to either partial or complete retention of urine. The twelve types of mutraghata (urine retention) are classified in Ayurveda classical text books. Being urinary system responsible for homeostasis of fluids in the body it also detoxifies the body by eliminating certain waste products through urine. When diseased, people produce symptoms such as, increased or decreased urine production, painful micturition, formation of stones, and thereby obstructed micturition, increased frequency of micturition which can be correlated to Muttraghata in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, there are many herbs with varied actions specifically aimed at mitigating urinary system disorders. Acharya charak has explained about mutravirechaniye mahakashya in charak Samhita. Which is used to increase the formation of urine and these drugs are used for the treatment of urine retention which forms the major clinical feature of renal or urinary calculi, burning micturition, scanty urine and oliguria.

9

Authors: Renu Sharma, Anita Sharma2 , Shailbala Mehar3 and Pooja

Early aging refers to a condition in which physical changes occur significantly earlier than the natural stages of the body. In the current era changes in our lifestyle, environmental disaster, pollution, war or conflict, over-emotional and stress, high intake of fast-food, lack of physical activity leads to premature ageing. Skin wrinkles, dry skin and weak or unhealthy looking nails, Stiff joints, mild aching (especially in the legs and feet),tired & poor memory, grey hair or hair loss, insomnia, Sluggish bowel movements, bloating, hypertension, heart stroke, atherosclerosis etc. these are the symptoms of early ageing. In ayurvedic classics the importance of dincharya i.e. daily regimen which is said by the Sages for human being to be prevent early ageing and enhance longevity. To prevent early ageing and enhance longevity Dincharya (Daily routine) procedures like brahmmuhurta jagaran, malotsarg vidhi, dantdhavan, jihva nirlekhan, anjan, nasya, kavla, dhumrapana, abhangya, vyayam, udwartan, snana etc. are gives in details along with their indication, benefits, procedure, role in current scenario and time also when to use them. Hence, this paper will give you an idea of how to prevent or even reverse signs of early ageing through dincharya (daily routine).

10

Authors: Neetu Sharma, Suresh Kumar

Acharyas described the disease (Sandhigata vata) as name of Sandhigatanile with symptoms of Shotha (edema), Vatapurnadritisparsha (on palpation revealed as air filled bag) and pain with Prasarana and Akunchana (movement).In old age, all Dhatus undergo Kshaya (degeneration), Thus leading to Vataprakopa and making individual prone to many diseases. Among them Sandhigata Vata (Osteoarthritis) stands top in the list. Having the symptoms like pain, swelling, crepitus and restricted joint movements. Ayurveda highlighted degenerative diseases under the concepts like “Dhatu Saithilyam” and “Dhatu Kshayam”. Sandhigata Vata is one of such disease, which needs a specific target of therapeutic intervention to check or slow down the process of "DhatuKshaya" and to pacify Vata. It limits everyday activities such as walking, dressing, bathing etc., thus making individual handicapped. We can correlate Sandhigata Vata with osteoarthritis (OA) on the basis of clinical features. According to data produced by the Dutch institute for Public Health, The prevalence of Knee OA in those aged 55 and above was 15.6% in men and 30.5% in women, respectively. Panchtikta Guggulu Ghrita may be effective in the management of Sandhivata (Osteoarthritis).

10

Authors: Upasna, O P Singh2 , Shweta Shukla3 , Deshraj Singh4 , Vishal Saxena5 and Sarita Yadav

Background: Hypertension is an important problem in the scenario of public health, owing to its more prevalence. Nearly 7.1 million lives are lost every year due to poor control of Hypertension. Hypertension is also known as “Silent Killer” of mankind because most sufferers (85%) are asymptomatic and as per available reports, in more than 95% cases of Hypertension, underlying causes are not found. The present study was carried out with an objective to find an alternative, reliable, safe and cost effective treatment for Hypertension and to study the etiopathogenesis of Hypertension in terms of Ayurveda. Study design: The study was “Single Blind Study” conducted on 60 patients of Essential Hypertension of either sex. Patients were randomly recruited to two Groups (30 each). In Group A, patients were subjected through an Ayurvedic formulation prepared in the form of Vati with ingredients as Jatamansi, Arjuna, Gokshura, Mandukparni, Sarpagandha and Tagara. In Group B patient were subjected through Amlodipine (5mg). Results: We can conclude that the overall effect of Group A (Ayurvedic formulation) was better in relieving the symptoms of Hypertension than that of Group B (Amlodipine). While in reducing Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure both Groups shows highly significant result. Discussion: All the ingredients of self formulated drug (Vati) basically have Hridaya, Medhya, Mutrala, Vata Anulomaka, Nidrajanana and Raktadabashamaka effect. Almost all the drugs have Tridoshahara properties. The preparation mainly has Tikta Kashaya Pradhana Rasa, Laghu, Snighda Guna, Sheeta Virya, Katu Vipaka which helps in management of Hypertension. Conclusion: The overall effect of Group A was better than Group B in relieving the symptoms while the effect of both groups in controlling Blood Pressure was similar. Moreover, no side effects were observed in patients during and after the treatment so, it can be concluded that the patients of Hypertension can be managed effectively by Ayurveda without fear of side effects as seen in Anti-hypertensive drugs.

10

Authors: Pooja Upadhyay, Kirti Sharma2 , S. R. Inchulkar3 and Yuvraj Kaushik

Agada tantra is the branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda, which was developed in ancient time. Agada tantra is the system of knowledge for conquering poisons. In ancient times most of the poisoning was from poisonous snake bites. Therefore learning about treatment of poisoning is a good way towards service to the public health. Acharya Charaka has explained twenty-four modalities of treatment which are to be employed while treating poison cases according to the need. Chaturvinshati upakramas are unique in the management of poisons. It can be seen that most of them are based on same principle of modern medicine. Chathurvinshathi upakramas is common for all types of Visha i.e., Sthaavara, Jangama, Gara, Dooshi visha etc. In most of the cases Upakramas should be selected by the physician on the basis of the type of Visha Prakruti (constitution), Saatmya (compatibility), Ritu(season), Desha (place), Vega(impulse) and Balaabala (strength and weakness of both the patient and poison). On detail study & after comparison, it was found that these 24 modalities of treatment are complete in terms of treatment of poisoning.

12

Authors: Narayan Pandey, Anita Sharma2 and Shankar Gautam

Poisoning being the major health problem in modern era which is increasing day by day. There are different sources from where people are consuming poison directly or indirectly. Now a days poisoning is found everywhere, like junk food with chemical preservatives, different kinds of growing things like rice, wheat or vegetables which contains pesticides. Water, air, soil is being polluted due to different human behaviour, which causes interfere with human health. According to Ayurvedic point of view, there are different types of poison like Sthavar Visha, Jangam Visha, Gara Visha, Dushi Visha. So, after taking such poison shows harmful effect in human health which leads different kinds of diseases to death. So, to protect from such kinds of poisoning Ayurveda has mentioned different types of detoxifying (antidotes) Dravyas that helps to diminish or destroy the poisonous effect in human body. Aacharya Charak has mentioned ten Vishaghna Kashaya named as Vishaghna Mahakashaya. Among them Haridra is one. Haridra which belongs to Vishaghna Gana has Ruksha, Laghu Guna, with Tikta, Katu Rasa, with Katu Veepaka, and Ushna Virya with Kapha Vata Shamak properties. Haridra show detoxifying activity with anti-inflammatory, anti-bactericidal, anti-fungal, anticarcinogenic effect.

14

Authors: Amit Man Joshi1, Sirjana Shrestha2 , Ram Adhar Yadav3 , Ruby Bajracharya4 and Jitendra Shrestha

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern in the Southeast Asia region (SEAR) , where more than 87.6 million people are living with diabetes. Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar) , a medicinal herb, is commonly used as herbal medicine to treat diabetes. Objectives: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) among patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nepal. Materials and Methods: The present study was an open-label uncontrolled clinical trial. Eligible participants were patients aged 30 to 60 years and diagnosed with T2DM. A total of 43 eligible participants were supplemented with 6 gm of G. sylvestre, daily for 4 weeks during the study period. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated by comparing data at baseline and at 4 weeks after starting treatment using chi-square and student's t- test. Results: There was a decrease in the fasting and post-prandial glucose levels of the participants by 19.3% and 16.7%, after treatment with G. sylvestre, respectively. There were no significant changes observed in other clinical variables before and after treatment with G sylvestre. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of G sylvestre leaf has a potential hypoglycemic action in patients with T2DM. However, further studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effect of G sylvestre in T2DM.

19

Authors: Ankesh Sharma, Saroj Parhate2 , K S Karbhal3 and Anil Kumar

Kupipakva rasayana are unique pharmaceutical procedure where in the medicinal preperation shuddha Parada, shuddha Gandhaka and any of other rasadravya (metals and minerals) paka is done by giving agni into gradual increase in temperature for specific time in a Kacha Kupi (glass bottle) resulting in rasayana effect, so it is called Kupipakva Rasayana. Kupipakva Rasayana kalpana have always been known for their absolute potency and quick in action even in smaller dosage. These formulations have wide range of therapeutic utility. Rasasindura is a one among basic most common preparation used as kupipakva Rasayana. This is largely produced and marketed by pharmaceutical companies, because of its sukshma and Tikhshna guna it has strong penetrating power to reach the pathological site quick in action, required minimal therapeutic dose, easy to administration and longer stability. They are having more potent compare to pure herbal preparation.