Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya

4-24

Authors: V.I. Glazko

Alexander Vasilievich Chayanov is the outstanding Russian scientist – agricultural economist. He was a graduate student and later the professor of Moscow agricultural Institute. His name, among the world civilized scientific community, has become a legend known throughout the world, particularly to specialists in agriculture. He was the author of numerous works on the theory of collective labor, cooperation, the brilliant teacher and educator of youth, the author of popular science work, archaeologist, art historian – in a word, as we speak today, in this man were combined very much the scientific and cultural components. Tracking the fate of graduates of Moscow agrarian institute it can be concluded that indeed a brilliant scientist can be if they were getting a proper good education. Experts who develop Chayanov’s concept, historians of science talk much about his life and tragic death. A.V. Chayanov – the classic agrarian-economic scientist, his theory of the peasant economy and peculiarities of economic behavior of farms at now exist in every textbook on agrarian economy of many universities in the world. And it included even the high important special separate part in the work, which explains the motivation of enterprises in which the owner is also an employee, in General textbooks on Economics. Chayanov’s concepts were involved in the contradiction to that what joined many with the collective behavior and attitude of the community, which was inoculated and dominated in the USSR in relation to politics of Stalin and his followers. All this became part of the personal biography of many of us, but not affected, despite the hard circumstances, on the mentality of A.V. Chayanov and many others. Currently, the work of Chayanov is of paramount importance for modern Russia. The role of science in society is now growing rapidly, and in the new Russian society too, but until yet society is not awaken by the fact that the pace of science development is an indicator of mental and physical health of the nation and the state.

38-46

Authors: Roman Salny

The article presents a hermeneutic analysis of Soviet feature films on the theme of student of the perestroika period (1986-1991) and analyzes the opinions of researchers of cinema on the characteristics of films about young people. This article describes features of historical periods: the democratization of political and social institutions, the emergence of new cultural patterns of behavior and communication of Soviet youth; ideological and socio-cultural contexts: reduction of ideological propaganda, the appearance of a rupture in the culture of the younger and older generations. The analysis of reality portrayed in feature films, worldview of the characters used by the authors of stereotypical situations. The article concludes that “perestroika” movies about students show some social problems relevant in the period; one of the prominent topics was the relationship between students and parents/teachers. Apparently the main reason for this was the widening gap in cultures of the younger and older generations. Conflict relations "fathers and sons" was one of the story lines in all the pictures on the student subject taken in the perestroika period.

165-171

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev

This article is devoted to the study of educational level civilian officials in the north-eastern Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire at the end of XVIII – the first half of the XIX centuries. A special attention was paid to the employees of district courts: judges, court assessors, clerical workers. It is concluded that at the end of the XVIII century in the region, officials from the local population had a higher education level than the average for the Empire. But in the early nineteenth century Ukrainian people completely have poured into social structure of the Russian Empire, and the conditions of education were unified across the state. Since then, the level of education of officials from the north-eastern Ukrainian provinces differed little from the level of of civil servants of other regions of the Russian Empire.

181-186

Authors: Vitaliy N. Korol

An attempt to characterize the Western historiography of the USSR State Labour Reserves system (1940–1959) was made in the article. The author studied characteristics, stages and factors of Western researches development of the Soviet technical and vocational education of Stalin and Khrushchev periods. The most important foreign publications on this topic were analyzed, and their specific features were identified.

81-92

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev, Timur A. Magsumov

The paper presents the texts of eight documents, which highlight some aspects of service of public education department officials of the Russian Empire: carier start, transfer from one educational institution to another, career movement, rewards for service, etc. By their specificity, these documents are not unique, in fact, many of them can be classified as massive. But these materials show that by the beginning of the nineteenth century service in educational institutions was completely equated to the civilian public service and educational officials have been an integral part of the bureaucratic apparatus of the Russian Empire.

103-132

Authors: Dmitriy V. Kudinov

The current article reveals the causes of the establishment of the first girls’ secondary school in Sumy together with the peculiarities of its further advancement. The issues of forming and development of gymnasium facilities, managerial and teaching staff, and students complement along with the organization of educational activity, arranging of didactic and disciplinary requirements represent separate units of the research. In order to demonstrate professional choices of school leavers, brief biographical data of some graduates is supplied.

145-153

Authors: Tatyana N. Solovyova, Andrey I. Cherepanov

The article analyzes the development and establishment of education Kiev province, found that in the first half of the nineteenth century in Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire, including in the Kiev province, the transition to the state education system under which applied four types of schools, parish, county, provincial and universities. Investigated that the legal status of educational institutions that prepare teachers for schools defined set of government documents, which included education statutes and regulations circulars that shaped state-legal mechanism to implement educational functions.

54-61

Authors: Dmitriy V. Budyanskiy

This article examines the actual problem of using rhetorical means to improve the quality of the scientific report. The author argues that in the modern scientific space a new approach to the presentation of the results of scientific research is needed. He proves the thesis that the purpose of a scientific report is not only to inform the public of the results obtained by the author, but also to attract attention, prompting to a deeper acquaintance with the research. This increases his academic status and the citation index of his works. In this regard, not only the content of the report becomes important, but also the structure and style of the text, the manner of the speaker, using the methods of enhancing and maintaining attention, possession of verbal and non-verbal means of communication. Thus, the research report can be argued to be one of the genres of academic eloquence. The main ideas of the article are supported by examples from the biographies of prominent scientists and speakers of the past and the present. The author considers the art of presentation of a scientific report as an important part of the rhetorical culture of the modern teacher.

71-77

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

Development of critical thinking of the audience in the process of media education is inextricably linked with the analysis of media texts of different types of genres. Character Analysis is the analysis of the nature, motives, ideological orientations, behavior / action of media texts’ characters with use a variety of tasks that activate critical and creative thinking of students. As a result, students wrote stories on behalf of the heroes of the popular films of mass success. When the students were of this kind of writing, they sometimes unconsciously penetrated into the author's world of media text and psychology of the character. Practical mastering of media insight typology contribute and creative tasks offering the audience the possibilities to simulate various types of persons in the letters on behalf of the members of the audience of different age, level of education, artistic perception and taste, etc. An indicator of mastering the material can serve as the ability to identify with an imaginary "recipient" having one or another level of media reception.

4-26

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev

The work devoted to the history of the Stavropol district school (Stavropol'skoe uezdnoe uchilishche). Are considered the problems that are typical for the education system of the Russian Empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. The author has published texts of documents about trying to find a more suitable premises for the Stavropol district school instead the old building.

35-44

Authors: Dmitriy V. Kudinov

Educational and organizational activity of St. Paraskeva’s shelter – an orphanage for girls in Sumy, which existed in 1895–1906. Based on archival documents from Sumy town council of the State Archive of Sumy Oblast (Ukraine) the reasons of negative organization of pedagogical process in the orphanage are found out, as well as the causes of the city authorities noneffect during long time in the of change of material and moral condition of foster children. Great attention is paid to the person of archpriest Theoctistus Lashchenkov – the main character of the conflict, spiked around the shelter, and the author of detailed notes about its existence – the main source of the information.