Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

65-75

Authors: Bebeley Samuel Joseph

This study was carried out to investigate the measurement level of maximum volume of oxygen (VO2 max) rate for a continued period of four weeks (one month) amongst randomly selected Bo Commercial Junior Secondary School (JSS I, II and III) pupils in the Bo Municipality, Sierra Leone. The significance of the study is to measure and compare the VO2 max of both boys and girls at the three different strata i.e. JSS I, II & III using cooper-12-minutes-run test. A total of thirty (30) pupils (15 boys and 15 girls) were randomly selected at the three levels (JSS I, II & III), with age ranging from ten to seventeen (10-17) years. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Coefficient, Dependent and Independent t-tests were used to compare the results of the study. The results were tested at (p ≤ 0.05) level of significance. Analysis of results from weeks one, two, three and four shows both significant and insignificant differences between the measured values of VO2 max rate of boys and that of girls (JSS I, II & III) at the beginning and at the end of the exercise which is recorded as r values [(i.e. r values ranging from r = 0.0000 to r = 0.7442) when compared with the c value (i.e. c value = 0.8783)] as shown in tables I, II, III and IV; and as t values [(i.e. t values ranging from t = 10.249 to t = 3.728) when compared with the dependent and independent c values (c = 2.776 and c-value = 2.306)] as shown in tables V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. Conclusively therefore, the major findings in this study shows that pupils (boys and girls) were experiencing quick fatigue at the beginning of the exercise which affected the low rate of their VO2 max calculation greatly but they had to overcome the fatigue as the session continued into the subsequent weeks thereby improving their rate. In recommendation, the most effective approach to improving VO2 max rate in pupils is by applying the endurance high intensity interval training (HIIT) during practical session in schools.

90-97

Authors: Jain1, Hetal; Pandey2, Rachna; & Rathod3, Sonal

Objective: Objective of this study was to establish normative reference values of trunk flexors and extensors muscle endurance of healthy college students. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out with 500 subjects aged between 18 to 25 years. Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance was done with the use of Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness which includes four static and two dynamic muscles performance. Result: In this study we establish normative data for male and female both. The mean value for different tests are 60 sec (for male) and 25 sec (for female) for IUA, 21 sec (for male) and 9 sec (for female) for ILA, 36 rep (for male) and 14 rep (for female) for DUA, 29 sec (for male) and 17 sec (for female) for IUBE, 50 sec (for male) and 34 sec (for female) for ILBE, 16 rep (for male) and 9 rep (for female) for DUBE. Conclusion: The gender reference norms for static and dynamic endurance of trunk flexors and extensors group of muscles established in this study which could be used as outcome measure for improvement.

108-115

Authors: Renugadevi T, Supriya K Vinod.

Obesity is when a person is carrying too much body fat for their height and sex. Without lifestyle changes to increase the amount of physical activity done on a daily basis, or reduce the amount of calories consumed, people can become obese. Childhood obesity is also a global problem. Obesity and overweight, in addition to their related diseases, are largely preventable by early identification and treatment. The intention of this study is to compare the effects of six minute walk test on physiological variables among normal weight versus overweight children. The study was conducted in three different schools. 150 children who satisfied with inclusion criteria of the study were selected from three schools via stratified random sampling. The subjects were divided into 2 groups - Group I with normal weight children and Group II with overweight children. Each group contains 75 subjects. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was administered to all the children. The participant’s Physiological Variables (BP, HR, RR, and RPE) were recorded, before and instantaneously following the test. The findings revealed that the resting SBP, DBP, HR and RR were observed to be significantly higher (p=<0.0001) in Overweight children than Normal Weight children. There are alterations on physiological variables with 6MWT in overweight children when compared with normal weight children {NW: SBP – 10.67%, DBP – 0.84%, HR – 13.74%, RR – 44.30%; OW: SBP – 7.43%, DBP – 2.54%, HR – 15.67%, RR – 36.77%}. Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was 6.16 % higher in NW than OW children. These differences were statistically significant (p value = <0.0001, NW: 509.96M, OW: 479.46m).

123-128

Authors: Shinde, V.; Kini, R.; Naik, R.; Desousa, A.

Medical education is perceived as being stressful and a high level of stress may have a negative effect on cognitive functioning and learning of students in medical school. The present study was aimed at comparing the efficacy of two relaxation techniques on medical students and also to study the effects of the Jacobson’s technique of relaxation and Shavasana on pulse rate & stress levels in Medical students. 90 medical students were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (N=30 each) Group A receiving Jacobson’s Technique of relaxation, Group B receiving Shavasana and Group C control. The stress level was determined using Perceived Stress Scale. Pulse rate was measured before and after training of 1 month (sessions twice a week) and home programme of the same technique daily was asked to follow for one month. Results indicate that both the techniques are significantly effective in inducing relaxation but objectively, on comparison of both techniques, Shavasana brings better decrease in pulse rate & stress levels than Jacobson’s technique of relaxation.

134-141

Authors: Parmar Dharmesh

Objective of study: to relieve dyspnea in patients of copd with restrictive impairment by chest mobilization technique. Background: copd is a primary lung disease but as it advances, there is restriction in chest wall mobility which decreases pulmonary functions and vital capacity of lung. So purpose of this study is to assess the immediate effect of chest mobilization on relieving dyspnea by improving the oxygen saturation. Materials and methods: an experimental study was conducted on 30 copd patients having vital capacity <80%, to assess the pre and post differences in modified borg scale by applying chest mobilization technique: rib rotation; lateral flexion, extension, rotation of chest wall and pectoralis major stretching. Result: for within group analysis, comparison of data for modified borg score was done using wilcoxon sign rank test. And for between groups analysis was done using mann whitney u test. Statistical analysis showed significant change in modified borg score after application of chest mobilization technique. Conclusion: it can be concluded from this study that chest wall mobilization has significant effect on dyspnea in copd patient who is having restrictive impairment of chest wall in later stage of disease.

150-157

Authors: Johri, Pooja, , Lehri, Anuradha

The present investigation is a comparative study of pulmonary function variables mainly Force Vital Capacity, Forced expiratory Volume in 1 sec and Peak Expiratory Flow rate of Male Rajput population of high and low altitude areas of Himachal Pradesh. The total subjects taken for the study were healthy 400, out of which 200 were taken from high altitude (>2200 m) and 200 were taken from low altitude (<300m). The subjects were divided into four groups of 5 years interval. The variables were measured with the help of calibrated computerized spirometer named Spiro Excel manufactured by Medicaid Systems, Chandigarh. The results indicate that there exist significantly higher values of FEV1 ( forced expiration volume in 1 sec) in high altitude population of the age 20-25, 26-30 & 31-35 in comparison to corresponding age peer groups of low altitude. The Force Vital Capacity is found to be highly significantly greater in the age group of 36-40 years in comparison to rest of the age groups. The peak expiratory flow rate is found to be significant higher in the age group of 20-25, 31-35, 36-40 and not in 26-30 age group of residents of high altitude. Quite surprisingly Rajputs of 36-30 age group of low altitude have more PEFR than Rajput residents of high altitude. The results of pulmonary variables are discussed at length in the paper.