Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

68-78

Authors: Jagga, V.; Lehri, A.; & Verma, S.K.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common problem with estimated annual incidence rate of 0.5-5.1 per 1000. Its incidence in the workplace has reached epidemic proportions, comprising 40.8 percent of all upper extremity repetitive motion. Certain occupational activities also carry an increased risk of CTS. A number of etiological factors have been suggested to be potentially etiologic for CTS. These include repetitive prolonged hand intensive activities, forceful exertions awkward or static posture, vibration, temperature extremes and localized mechanical stress. Referred literature was collected up to June 2011 mentioning carpal tunnel syndrome and occupation and textbook of orthopaedic physiotherapy third edition by Robert Donateli and Wooden. Most of the articles dealt with prevalence, diagnosis, and description of carpal tunnel syndrome. Various articles from the collected data were based on occupational studies. The references were further supplemented by systematic search on Pubmed, Google and Pedro with keywords occupation, incidence, and prevalence with carpal tunnel syndrome. Several specific occupational studies that had been reviewed in these were found to deal with meat, cut metal workers, supermarket workers, meat industry workers, slaughter house, assembly line workers, meat and fish process, manufacturing, construction and agriculture workers, musicians, ski manufacturing, frozen food factory employees, repetitive industrial work groups, poultry processing workers, heavy wrist movements and heavy manual workers, packaging industry workers, footwear factory, grocery store workers etc. These studies were included in the review. In summary, a useful body of research now supports and extends previous conclusions that certain occupations involving wrist activities materially increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome. Prolonged exposure to highly repetitive flexion and extension of the wrist should be avoided. KEY WORDS: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Occupation, Repetitive Flexion, Repetitive Extension

89-94

Authors: Nidhi, B.; Narkeesh, A.; & Khurana , S

Surface spinal stimulation with electrical stimulation plays a major role in the management of various neurological disorders and also reduces the spasticity. There are many previous studies where surface spinal stimulation had been used in various neurological disorders and purposes and mostly in these studies low frequency current are used but still there is no study to explain how surface spinal stimulation by two medium frequency currents influences on monosynaptic reflex. In present study Premodular IFC & Russian current by surface spinal stimulation has been used at T-12 & L-1 for 45 minutes to see how it influence on monosynaptic reflex by taking Pre & post readings. The mean, standard deviations were calculated for all variables. After that ANOVA was applied between pre & post reading of all variables after medium frequency currents and after that two currents were compared by paired t- value for all the parameters of monosynaptic reflex. It was concluded that spinal stimulation with medium frequency current resulted in a significant effect on monosynaptic reflex as there was significant effect on H-latency and H-amplitude, however there was non significant effect on H/M ratio & Premodular IFC produced greater effect than the Russian current. Key words: Monosynaptic reflex, Surface Spinal Stimulation, Medium frequency currents

99-102

Authors: Singh, G.; & Kumar, A.

This study was planned to evaluate the relationship among glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic males of Punjabi population. A total of 120 type 2 diabetics with an age ranged from 30 to 70 years volunteered to participate in this study. The glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) & lipid profiles were recorded with standard procedure. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 16.0. The mean HbA1c was 7.34 ± 1.24%. There were 59% subjects with high total cholesterol (TC) levels and 98% were with raised LDL levels. The 65% of the subjects were having lower HDL level. HbA1c demonstrated significant positive relationship with total cholesterol, TC (r=0.29), triglyceride, TG (r=0.26), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C (r=0.19) and with low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C (r=0.5). It was concluded from the results of this study that HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetics in addition to as a glycemic control parameter. Thus, early diagnosis of dyslipidaemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetics. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, CVD.

110-115

Authors: Leena, L.

Vigorous physical activities as well as competitive athletics offer sports men and women a variety of healthful benefits. However, participating in such activities also places athletes at risk for injury, including trauma to the teeth and mouth. These injuries are most often due to direct hits with a ball or player-to-player contacts.The goal of present paper discusses a case of a 17 year old hockey player who met with a sports injury and reported to the dental clinic with the chief complaint of broken upper front teeth. The paper discusses various treatment options available for different types of fractures to the teeth. Simple fracture involving enamel/dentin requires composite build ups but complex fractures involving pulp and extensive loss of tooth structure requires root canal treatment followed by post and core and crowning of the fractured tooth with porcelain fused to metal. KEYWORDS: Post and core, Root Canal, Crown

1-10

Authors: Jagga, M.; Lehri, A.; & Verma, S.K.

Aging is a process that is often accompanied by physiological changes. These physiological changes include slowing in muscle contractility, alteration in muscle metabolism and neuromuscular junction, and reduction in nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Age has been widely accepted to have an influence on nerve velocity. It is well established that there is a decline in muscular performance with advancing age. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are the most sensitive and reproducible measure of peripheral nerve functions. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are performed to diagnose the disorders of the peripheral nervous system. These enable the clinicians to differentiate the two major groups of peripheral diseases: demyelination and axonal degeneration. These also help in localizing the site of the lesions. Majority of the available literature mentioning effects of age and anthropometric factors on nerve conduction measures have been referred in the present review. Various studies referred to are based on the data on healthy subjects. The references were further supplemented by systematic search on pubmed, google and Pedro with keywords age, temperature, height and nerve conduction. Several specific studies that had been dealt on anthropometric measures and nerve conduction on normal subjects were also included in this review. A total of fifty five research studies dealing with age, anthropometric measurements and nerve conduction properties have been found in the literature reviewed up to 2011. KEY WORDS: nerve conduction velocity, anthropometric, Nervous System

19-23

Authors: Kasundra, P. M., Jethwa, Y. L.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 28 Days Rock Climbing Training Program on physical fitness components such as strength endurance of shoulder and abdominal muscles, speed and endurance Trainees of 72-Coaching Course N 22, Male, Age Range = 16-27 yrs were selected as the subjects for the study Pull Ups, Sit Ups, 50 Yard Dash and 2 11 Mile Run Walk tests were respectively used to measure selected variables By comparing pre and post test data, at 0.05 level; significant differences were found in strength endurance of shoulder muscles „t‟ 2.19 , strength endurance of abdominal muscles „t‟ 10.25 , speed „t‟ 9.82 , and endurance „t‟ 6.83 . Here strength endurance of abdominal muscles and shoulder muscles, and endurance improved significantly while speed decreased. It is recommended that improvement in climbing performance is best explained by trainable variables such as shoulder and forearm strength and endurance; furthermore strength and conditioning programs should not be viewed as a replacement of climbing but rather as supplementary during courses. Key Words Rock Climbing Training, Strength Endurance, Shoulder & Abdominal Muscles,

29-33

Authors: Sharma, R.; and Nigam, A. K.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the motor fitness in relation to Body Mass Index of school going children involved in physical activities. One hundred school going male children of 9th and 10th grade were selected to serve as subjects for this study. The researcher divided the entire 100 sample into three groups. i.e. Low BMI (N=25), middle BMI (N=50) and High BMI (N=25) groups, which were compared with each other. All the subjects were tested on Chin ups, Vertical Jump, Shuttle Run, Sit and Reach and BMI (Body Mass Index). In order to find out the significance of differences between the three BMI groups male children, mean, standard deviation, quartile deviation (Q1 and Q3) and t-ratio were computed. The results of the study revealed non significant differences between Low BMI and High BMI groups in their vertical jump, flexibility, chin-ups components of motor fitness. Low BMI group children were however found to be better in muscular strength, speed, and agility and similar on flexibility compared to high BMI group children. Low BMI group was also better on speed and agility components of motor fitness than the middle BMI group children and was similar in other components of fitness. Whereas, middle BMI group children were superior on muscular strength, speed, and agility and similar on vertical jump and flexibility components of fitness in comparison to high BMI group children. Key words: Body Mass Index, Motor Fitness Components

42-49

Authors: Juneja, H., Verma, S.K., Khanna, G.L.

Aim: To find out the differences in Shoulder External and Internal Rotator strength and their ratios in cricketers with and without history of shoulder pain. Background: Throwing activity imposes specific demands on shoulder muscles leading to imbalances especially between the External rotators (ER) and Internal rotators (IR). This study aims to investigate the isometric strength differences of shoulder ER and IR in cricketers with and without history of pain. Materials & Methods: 52 healthy subjects between the age group of 16-18 with a mean age of 16.97 + 0.55 years were recruited for this study. The subjects were divided into two groups a) those with history of pain (PH) which restricted throwing within the past 2 years- Group 1 and b) no history of pain (NPH)-Group 2. Isometric Shoulder External Rotator (ER) and Internal rotator (IR) maximal force was measured and Isometric ER: IR ratios were calculated. Results: Significant differences were found in the isometric strength of ER and consequently ER:IR ratios between the two groups. However, no differences were found in the IR force between the two groups. PH group showed a mean ER force (in kg) of 7.38 + .71(SD) while the mean ER force in NPH Group was 9.90 + 1.32(SD). ER: IR force ratios were found to be 0.60 +.045 in the PH group while in the NPH group it was 0.82 + .049. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that Isometric strength differences in shoulder rotators exist between sportspersons with and without history of shoulder pain. In addition to the advanced techniques of muscle force evaluation such as isokinetics, isometric measurements can also play an important role in evaluating muscle force. Key words: External Rotators, Internal Rotators, Isometric, Isokinetic, Throwing

56-63

Authors: Khurana, N.; Hanspal, S.S.; Singh, G.

Objective: To describe the evaluation, management, and rehabilitation of a multifactorial rotator cuff lesion in an elderly female. Background: The reported onset of pain was gradual. No history of fall or trauma. Pain was present on anterolateral aspect of left shoulder. Pain was sharp and deep on abduction and flexion of the left shoulder and reported a VAS of 9.5/10. Treatment: The patient was managed conservatively with steroid injections and physiotherapy. The patient underwent a 2-month rehabilitation protocol in preparation for return to normal daily activities. Uniqueness: This case involved an elderly female who sustained a multiple causative factors for rotator cuff lesions. Conclusions: By presenting this case report, we hope a better understanding of rotator cuff lesions and how to successfully manage and rehabilitate. Key Words: Rotator Cuff Lesion, Elderly, Shoulder Impingement, Calcification, Physiotherapy.