SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE & ENGLISH LANGUAGE

3336-3342

Authors: W. Jyotirmoy Singh, Ayekpam Sheela Devi

Student’s enrollment in the secondary school of municipal area, Imphal West is very poor. Most of the students of these schools come from disadvantage background. Numbers as well as proportion of teaching faculties in these schools are very low. These schools also face scarcity in regards to infrastructures. All these factors seem to hinder the performances of the Headmaster / Headmistress of the secondary schools students of Municipal Corporation area of Imphal West District, Manipur.

3349-3355

Authors: Sabiha More

In fact, Islam is a religion of peace, love and forgiveness. The Quran and Hadith prohibit the unjustified use of violence and force against any human being.“You shall not take life, which God has made sacred, except by way of justice and law.” (Quran 6:151). Muslims are forbidden from killing others unless it is for a legal and just cause.Another verse that forbids unjust killing of others says: “Nor take life, which Allah has made sacred, except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand Qisas [retribution] or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the law).” (Quran 17: 33). Human life is sacred in Islam and should never be taken wrongfully by anyone. Islam strictly outlaws killing or causing harm to innocent people - regardless of their religion and beliefs. Manipulating certain verses in the Quran as well as quoting them out of their historical and textual context, by both Muslim extremists and anti-Muslims, are the major causes behind the ongoing controversy in understanding some Islamic principles. Killing innocent people is a grave sin in Islam. Allah and the Prophet (PBUH)* warn Muslims who commit heinous killings of severe punishment. “Whosoever kills an innocent human being, it shall be as if he has killed all mankind, and whosoever saves the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind.” (Quran 5:32). The sin of killing one human being in Islam is considered equal to killing all mankind. Prophet (PBUH) prohibited killing innocent non-Muslims and emphasized the grave consequence of such action. “Anyone who kills a non-Muslim will not smell the fragrance of the Paradise, even though its fragrance can be experienced at a distance of forty years.” (Al Bukhari). The paper is an attempt to discuss the real meaning and condition under which JIHAD is permitted and allowed. It also gives insight why in Indians should never ever think about Jihad.

3361-3364

Authors: Dr. Charudatta Achyut Gandhe

Now the word plagiarism is the most familiar in research and academic gathering. Various known unknown forms of plagiarism have been discussed so far. Many conferences, seminars in different disciplines are focusing on this burning issue. Researchers are suggesting various remedies to tackle with plagiarism. Much software has been developed to track the plagiarism. But still the giant of plagiarism is still exists. This writing focuses on the concept of plagiarism, types of plagiarism and ways to avoid plagiarism.

3371-3382

Authors: Mamta Prajapati & Balram Pd.Prajapati

Differences in access to human capital continue to be one of the most critical dimensions of inequality of opportunity. Some of the most striking inequalities are visible along the gender dimension. For education to be equalizing, it must ease restrictions on women’s life chances and increase the opportunities available to them. This paper proposes to investigate the potentially powerful role education can play in improving women’s lives by looking at the social/ gender/ economic empowerment effects of education. The paper uses data from household and labour force surveys from Shahdol division of Madhya Pradesh to investigate education’s role in women’s labour market outcomes. While the economic dimension of empowerment is important as it encompasses the ability to access lucrative and rewarding occupations as well as the ability to both earn and control an income, it constitutes only one aspect of empowerment. The socio-cultural, inter-personal, political and psychological dimensions are also critical especially given the cultural constraints posed on women’s lives in the central region of Madhya Pradesh. Although much progress has been made, much remains to be done. Whilst educational policy makers and planners have attempted to identify and overcome barriers to women’s participation. Finally, this paper proposes to go one step further to identify whether empowerment correlates with education. Key-Words: Women Literacy, potential powerful role, poverty reduction and women’s empowerment.

3391-3400

Authors: प्रा.सिनगारे बी.के.

संपूर्ण महाराष्ट्रात वर्ष २०१४ व २०१५ हि दोन वर्षं अवर्षणात निघून गेली त्यांत रायगड जिल्हा ही अपवाद ठरलेला नाही. दिवसेंदिवस धरणातील कमी होत जाणारा उपयुक्त पाणीसाठा, लघुपाटबंधाऱ्यातील कमी होत जाणारे पाण्याचे साठे, धरणामध्ये दिवसेंदिवस साठत जाणारा माती व रेतीयुक्त गाळ व त्यामुळे धरणातील कमी पाणी, स्थानिक पातळीवर जलसिंचनाकडे शासनाचे होणारे दुर्लक्ष, प्रत्येक वर्षी कमी होत जाणारे पर्जन्य, पाणी वापरण्याचा अतिरेक, लोकांना पाण्याचे महत्व न कळणे, पाण्याचे योग्य नियोजन न करता सरसकट सर्वाना नळावाटे जास्त पाणी सोडणे, वाढते वाळवंटीकरण, रस्ते रुंदीकरणासाठी, औद्योगिकरणासाठी, वसाहतीसाठी, शेतीच्या विस्तृत आकारासाठी वाढत जाणारी वनतोड आणि वाढती लोकसंख्या व वाढत जाणारे नागरीकरण इ. कारणामुळे रायगड जिल्ह्यातील लघुपाटबंधाऱ्यातील उपयुक्त पाणीसाठा दिवसेंदिवस कमी होत आहे. रायगड जिल्ह्यामध्ये एकूण २७ लघुपाटबंधारे असुन त्या लघुपाटबंधाऱ्यातील सध्याचा पाणी साठा अत्यल्प झाला असुन पाण्याचे संकट गहिरे झाले आहे. अनेक वेळा खारेपाटवासीय पाण्यासाठी मुख्यमंत्र्याकडे साकडे घालण्यासाठी जातात परंतु काहीही उपयोग नाही पाण्याचा प्रश्न दररोज बिकट होत चाललेला आहे हा नियोजनशून्य कारभाराचा परिपाक आहे.यापुढे पाणीटंचाईवर मात करण्यासाठी पाणी नियोजन हा महत्वाचा मुद्दा असुन गावनिहाय पपाण्याचे नियोजन केले तर पाणी प्रश्नावर मार्ग निघेल यात तिळमात्र शंका नाही.

3415-3433

Authors: Aakanksha Gupta

Human Resources in any organization are its vital organs with which an organization can flourish and can also flush, so these resources need to be identified with greater importance than just being an expense or a liability. Human resources accounting is the process of identifying and reporting the investment made in the human resources of an organization to the interested parties. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. Though, Human Resource Accounting paved its way back in 1980s but has recently started gaining popularity in India. This paper aims at introducing Human Resource Accounting as a concept covering what it relates to, with its benefits and some challenges being faced in its implementation. Another feather is highlighting the academic outline framed by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in its curriculum which is undoubtedly a quality work under the supervision of the highest accounting authority and will be of immense support in grasping the know –how. Keywords: Human Resource Accounting (HRA), Investment, Value Generated, Academic outline, Institute Of Chartered Accountants Of India (ICAI)

3443-3454

Authors: Jyoti Arora & R.K. Gautam

Since the time of privatization, liberalization and globalization of banks in India, the Indian banking sector has been developing constantly taking into consideration the requirements of different segments of the society. In the present era, the banks have changed their approach from Conventional Banking to Convenience Banking. Use of information technology in banking industry is the most important element in Convenience banking. Today, the banks are consistently engaged in technological innovation of product and process to provide services to their customers in the more efficient manner. The present paper attempts to study the use of information technology by the Indian private sector and public sector banks in marketing of their products.

3475-3482

Authors: Balbir singh Jamwal

In this paper, an attempt has been made to focus on the Effects of Televised Violence on aggression in children. No doubt, television is playing an active role in developing values, increasing the knowledge of the children and providing various types of information to them, which could be understood, even by the children, However, some scenes are shown on the television screen, which put negative effects on the children, i.e. murder, robbery, forcible rape, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. Murder, forcible rape, aggravated assault and, robbery is classified as violent crime (against people), where as larceny, burglary and motor vehicle thefts (against property) are classified as non-violent crime. Some scenes are shown on the television screen, which are not true in real life situations, but child believes as true to those and try to put his own, doing the stunts and in resulting, he gets series injuries. Due to the lack of maturity, children have not wisdom to discriminate between what is wrong and what is right. Due to this, children get aggression and aggression motivate to them to run on the wrong track which is totally against the society. In this way, we can say that the effects of televised violence are directly on aggression in children because they have capacity to copying each and everything, not understanding. Studies conducted on these effects; show that there is positive relationship between televised violence and aggression in children. In the daily life, we often, about such types of activities and crimes, read in the newspapers, listen in the radio and watch on the TV screen.

3775-3778

Authors: Mr. Shekhar Prabhakar Patil

In this study, conducted in Dhule City and Taluka (Tahasil) of Dhule District inMaharashtra state, the investigator tried to find out the Examination Anxiety of teacher trainees and found that Most of the trainees (38.12%) have Extremely Low Examination Anxiety Level. Significant mean difference of Examination Anxiety was found between male and female teacher trainees of Urban and Rural D.T.Ed.Colleges.. While no Significant mean difference of Examination Anxiety was found between teacher trainees of Govt.-aided and Self-financed D.T.Ed. colleges. Keywords:- Examination Anxiety, Teachers, Trainees, D.T.Ed., D.Ed.

3792-3799

Authors: Pooja Jain

NA

3807-3820

Authors: Poonam Gupta

With the attainment of education and economic freedom educated women become conscious of their individual identity - the independent status. But there is a great discrepancy between the idealised concept of women and the real life situation in India which women find them-selves. The issuesaffecting women's status in India is vast, complex and dynamic. Change in the status of women is a long term aspect of our social progress. The role conflicts of working women result to a great extent from the cleavage between the new social and economic goals (education and employment) and the rigid social structure, above the family structure, which stands in the way of a realisation of these goals. As per norm the family role of woman have priority before all other role. Various factors like a busier working day, wider areas of social interaction and experience and an independent income have some significant consequences on the status, behaviour pattern and the life styles of employed women. This paper is an endeavour to make sociological study of status, role adjustment and role conflict of working women of selected secondary school teachers. Key Words: Status, Role Adjustment, Role Conflict, Working Woman

3832-3838

Authors: Surendra Chandrakant Herkal

Examinations play an important part in one’s educational career. The present examination system in India is predominately focusing on the intellectual skills mainly and the present and the society further supporting it, the psycho motor and affective domains of holistic learning have not received their due importance. But the aim of education is developing the ‘whole child’. Holistic education demands development of all aspects of individual’s personality including cognitive, affective and psycho motor domains. In the present scenario it is very stressful for the parents, teachers and students only to be working on cognitive aspects without learning the processes of learning. Teachers’ professional self esteem and promotions are geared to the scholastic marks attained by their learner. Focusing on excellence in academics alone undoubtedly result in lop “sided development of personality. In order to bring about the improvement in the quality of the education and the holistic development of the child who is tomorrow’s global citizen, evaluation process should focus adequately on both scholastics and non scholastic areas of development. Hence the focus needs to shift to continuous and comprehensive evaluation. Continuous and comprehensive Evaluation refers to a system of school based assessment that covers all aspects of student’s development. It helps in improving student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties at regular time intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance.

3218-3221

Authors: Ajay Kumar Dubhe

In Hindi

3222-3232

Authors: J D Singh

Inclusive Education (IE) is a new approach towards educating the children with disability and learning difficulties with that of normal ones within the same roof.It brings all students together in one classroom and community, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, and seeks to maximize the potential of all students.It is one of the most effective ways in which to promote an inclusive and tolerant society. It is known that 73 million children of primary school age were out of school in 2010, down from a high of over 110 million out-of-school children in the mid-1990s, according to new estimates by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). About Eighty percent of Indian population lives in rural areas without provision for special schools. It means, there are an estimated 8 million children out of school in India (MHRD 2009 statistics), many of whom are marginalised by dimensions such as poverty, gender, disability, and caste. Today, what are the needs and challenges for achieving the goal of inclusive education? How will an inclusive environment meet the needs of children with disabilities? How quality education can be effectively and efficiently delivered for all children? Therefore, inclusive schools have to address the needs of all children in every community and the central and state governments have to manage inclusive classrooms. Keeping in view these questions, this article discusses in detail the concept of inclusive education, including importance, challenges and measures to implement inclusive education in India. Key words: Inclusive Education,Children with special needs, Disabilities, Inclusion

3247-3253

Authors: Nidhi Kakkar

Parents are an essential part of their Childs environment. Adults need to have a positive view of them (self concept) and serve as role model for their children. Self awareness is another key part of child's development. This is why the parents’ ability to provide wings is so important. In order to succeed, children need to gain confidence in their abilities and gain a sense that they can do things on their own. The precious time between birth and maturity gives parents many opportunities to balance roots and wings. Parents can lead the way in providing experiences that enhance their children view of themselves. This way parents can builds self esteem in their children and themselves in order to improve the quality of their lives and strengthen family relationship. Home environment not only influences the academic achievement but also affects the mental condition of a child. On one hand, congenial home environment supports a child to maintain a good mental health and uncongenial home environment forces her to develop several unpleasant mental conditions, like, tension, anxiety, stress etc., which leads to her poor academic performance. Home environment are often directly connected to academic achievement Key Words: Home environment, Academic Achievement

3262-3268

Authors: Surjeet Singh

Ancient Indian Education was value based. Dealing with values and moral issues is recognised as an integral part of teachers’ roles. Now, education has an enormous role to play in the social, intellectual and political transformation of the world. Parents, communities and government have always expected schools to develop students who would contribute to the society in which they live. Effective teaching practices in imparting value education have ranges from storytelling, exhibitions, skits, one act play and group discussions to various other formats. In the information technology age, it can be hard to get a grip on the evolving roles of teachers. It can seem as if the role of teachers has grown immensely; they are now expected to be tech-savvy, computer literate and at the cutting edge of education. To inculcate values the necessary curriculum and skills required for a teacher educator. The role of the educators become more challenging & rewarding, in terms of the inculcating the values among the learners. The proper assimilation of these values by a teacher educator can be done through their positive role and prescribed means. What are values and their role in promoting multicultural values education and social justice in Teacher Education Programs that are directly related to school education? Keeping in view the need of the value inculcation in prospective teachers, this article addresses the issue of teachers’ training for value education, some changes that need to occur in pre-service teacher education in order to inculcate values for betterment of the next generation education. Keywords: Education, Values, Prospective Teacher, Teacher Education

3275-3283

Authors: Madhu Gupta,Indu Nain

The present study was designed to investigate role conflict and its dimensions i.e. work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), work-professional growth conflict (WPC), work-self conflict (WSC), work-health conflict (WHC) and work-social conflict(WSC) among teachers working in Colleges of Education in relation to type of institution, academic stream and locus of control. While employing descriptive survey method, the present study was conducted on a sample of 300 teachers working in B.Ed. colleges of Haryana. The sample was selected by using multi-stage random sampling technique. Teacher’s Role Conflict Scale and Teacher’s Locus of Control Scale standardized by Gupta and Nain were used for data collection. Means, S.D’s were worked out to describe the nature of data and 't' test was applied to test the significance of different groups. The findings revealed significant difference in role conflict and its dimensions among teachers working in govt./govt. aided and self-financing B.Ed. colleges; having internal and external locus of control. A significant difference in role conflict and its dimensions among teachers belonging to science and arts stream except family-work conflict, work-self conflict and work-health conflict was observed. Key Words: Role Conflict, Type of Institution, Academic Stream, Locus of Control

3291-3300

Authors: Rajesh Kumar

Administrative discretion is need and inclusive growth is the purpose. It must be the slogan and aim of every country. Administrative discretion can become curse for the country if it transform in arbitrariness. Administrative discretion is useless if it unsuccessful to get the inclusive growth. Mostly countries had adopted the concept of welfare state. To fulfill this purpose administration had required for some discretion. Administrative discretion is a means to get the aim of welfare state. India also had adopted the welfare concept. So the power of administrative discretion had also conferred for administrative officers. Administrative discretion was given to get the inclusive growth. I want to say through my paper that administrative discretion and inclusive growth both are going to parallel in India. There are many problems in sits way e.i. corruption, misbehavior, negligence and arbitrariness. Professor Dicey thought that administrative discretion is against Equality, and it becomes the cause of arbitrariness, discrimination and unjust so the purpose of inclusive growth may be fail. Key Words- Arbitrariness, Discretion, Welfare, Ministerial Action, Rule of Law.

3315-3317

Authors: Ajay Kumar Dubhe

In Hindi

3865-3868

Authors: Sunaina Yadav

Research has shown that personality trait of conscientiousness is the strongest personality predictor of academic performance. The students can be guided in a better manner if their temperamental characteristics are known. Thus the study helps to understand the nature and the temperament of the students. The study identifies the mathematical creativity of the students and further explores its relationship with the personality traits of the students at secondary level.

3887-3902

Authors: Rajeshri Soni & Rahul Mhabde

no abstract

3906-3911

Authors: Deepika Kohli

The alternative schools are those that generally serve a special population, such as students with unique learning interests or disabilities or potential dropouts. Alternative schooling is an absolute requirement because every student should have the opportunity to learn and to achieve a quality of life. Alternative schooling also offers school and community leaders the opportunity to fulfill their legal responsibility to provide equal access to education for all students. There is a growing consensus throughout the world that all children have the right to be educated together. In the last six years a number of major international statements have appeared, affirming the principle of inclusive education and the importance of 'working towards schools for all- institutions which include everybody, celebrate differences, support learning and respond to individual needs' (Salamanca Statement 1994). Teachers are key to helping alternative school students. The challenge confronting the alternative school is that of developing a child –centered pedagogy capable of successfully educating all children. So with the emergence of the concept of alternative schooling, the role of teacher education institutions need to be widened. The present paper highlights the priorities areas in alternative schooling which need immediate review and action.

3919-3925

Authors: Ashok Upreti & Mamta Kandpal

The Right to Education Act, a fundamental right provides for free and compulsory education for every child between the age group of 6-14 years. While the Act has made the State responsible for educating each and every child, it has restricted the agencies that can provide education. Section 19 of the Act states “Where a school established before the commencement of this Act does not fulfil the norms and standards specified in the RTE schedule, it shall take steps to fulfil such norms and standards specified in the schedule at its own expenses within a period of 3 years from the commencement of the Act”. According to this, both the recognised and unrecognised schools will have to meet the new norms for recognition under the RTE Act. The unrecognised schools would additionally have to meet the present State norms for recognition. In the light of it, the paper aims to explore the effectiveness of the RTE Act in the Almora district of Uttarakhand.

3932-3935

Authors: Shivani Sharma

NO ABSTRACT

3943-3946

Authors: Mrs. Babita

NO ABSTRACT

3959-3966

Authors: Ranita Ghosh

Oil represents more than just one of the main energy sources used by mankind .On the other hand, despite its potential threats to the environment , the oil industry plays a positive role in the society as well, creating many jobs and generating a significant volume of tax revenues and royalties to national government. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the impact of oil industry on environment with special reference to Budge Budge Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) keeping in mind that unless there is a balance between industry and environment there cannot be any wellbeing of nations.

2416-2424

Authors: NAMESH KUMAR

The term “Globalization” means integration of economies and societies through cross country flows of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital, finance and people. Cross-border integration is multi-dimensional including cultural, social, economic and political dimensions Globalization brings education to the front lines. An aim is a conscious purpose which we are apt to set before us. Education is one of the most important instruments that play their role in Human development. Globalization has created many opportunities as well as challenges only those nations can benefit from the opportunities which have acquired the required knowledge and skills. Relevant quality education and training, predominant in the new environment, promotes a productive and informed citizenry, and offers opportunities to the socially and economically underprivileged sections of society. Physical and mental well-being in a holistic and integrated approach towards human development is very much crucial. Global education is an education perspective which arises from the fact that contemporary people live and interact in an increasingly globalized world. Keywords: Globalization, Higher Education, Aims of Education, Teacher

2432-2445

Authors: A. C. Vanjani

Religion and Spirituality are the two terms which are deeply debated and discussed terms at different forums, workshops, seminars, and symposia both at national level as well as globally. Religion to my mind seems to be created by man whereas spirituality is the science of the soul or spirit that is created by almighty God or Cosmic Intelligence. This paper would expose the hollowness of all religion of the world and reflect the pettiness of the religious, dogmas and rituals which do not have any logical significance or meaning. Religion divides where as spirituality, Integrates; this would in a nutshell be the essence of the research paper. This paper is approximately divided into 10 sections which are 1. Concepts of Religion and Spirituality 2. The soul has no religion 3.Duty and Karma 4.Need for a Living Master 5.Ethics and Morality 6.Brief teaching of great mystics.

2456-2461

Authors: INGALE AJAYKUMAR

in marathi

2488-2498

Authors: MUNNAZZA AFRIN ANSARI & SHEFALI PANDYA

This paper attempts to study the interactive effect of socio economic status and the instructional programme on English Language Communication Skills of B.Ed. students. For this purpose, an intervention programme based on English language communication skills of about 40 hours was developed for B.Ed. students. Socio economic status inventory of Patel 1997 was used to measure SES of B.Ed. students. A structured evaluation rubric was used to measure English language communication skills of student-teachers. The participants of the study included 70 B.Ed. students in the experimental and control groups each. The experimental group received the intervention programme whereas the control group did not receive any such programme. The data were analysed using ANCOVA. It was found that the instructional programme was effective in enhancing English language communication skills in B.Ed. students. The effect size of the intervention programme on the English language communication skills in B.Ed. students was found to be 8.85which is high in magnitude. Key Words: communication skills, English language, Socio-Economic status (SES)

2508-2513

Authors: Nazia Tabassum

Satisfaction is an essential factor in any profession unless a man is satisfied with his job; it is very difficult for him to carry on his duties honestly and efficiently. Job satisfaction is the result of various attitudes of an employee towards his job. These attitudes are related with specific factors such as salary, service conditions, advancement opportunities and other benefits. In case of job satisfaction of teachers, there are certain other factors also, which are important such as intrinsic aspect, and rappot with students. Teachers are a role model for students on how to regulate emotions appropriately in the classroom. Teaching is an emotional practice which involves emotional relationship, emotional understanding and emotional labor. Hence in the present research, the researcher aimed to study and correlate the emotional intelligence and job satisfaction of teachers teaching in secondary schools. The sample selected for the study included 75 Urdu medium secondary school teachers of Aurangabad city and the technique used for selecting the sample is Random Sampling Technique. Tools used for the researcher are Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) for teachers by Dr. Mrs. S.M. Sungoh and Job Satisfaction (DJSS) for Primary and Secondary School Teachers by Dr. Mrs. Meera Dixit. Research findings revealed the level of Emotional Intelligence of secondary school teachers is Moderate whereas their degree of Job Satisfaction is found to be good. Further findings revealed that there is negligible positive correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction of secondary school teachers. Key Words: Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction, secondary school teachers

2524-2531

Authors: Abhijit Sahoo, Tusarkanta Pattnaik

The present work is a humble attempt to enumerate and highlight the pioneering work of Madhusudan Das in the three issues which mainly occupied his attention, Unification of Odia speaking areas, Liberation of Odia women and Economic progress of Odisha. Hence to justify his work here it is narrated that Madhusudan Das was the soaring character whose contribution to the making of modern Odisha is many sided. Possessed immense courage and fearless mind he practised what he believed. He devoted his entire life to the cause of Odisha’s welfare. He worked hard all his life for the political, social, intellectual, economic regeneration and upliftment of Odisha. Key Words: Odia speaking areas, liberation, economic development, Odisha, political, upliftment

2540-2544

Authors: bilosh devi & randhir

in hindi.

2555-2563

Authors: Bharat V. Patil

Production of betelvine leaves depended on soil quality, variety of plants, disease management, water management, control of humidity in the betelvine garden and age of the vine etc. The economic life of the gardens was considered for eight years. In the first year of plantation, yield of leaves was less. Harvesting of betel leaves in the first year started after 3- 4 months of plantation. Plucking of betel leaves was done according to type of leaves. Fapada, kalli and hakkal leaves were harvested separately. The genetic name of the betelvine leaf was derived from Sanskrit word Pippalli. The betelvine leaves were absolutely indispensable for celebrating marriages, many religious and social functions. All holy days used betelvine leaves for creating and preserving reciprocity among friends and relatives. Betelvine leaves sweeten the mouth and remove bad smell of the mouth. It serve as the best medicine to remove acidity, cough, indigestion and septic etc. Betel leaves were useful for curing Asthma, Bronchitis etc. People were habituated to chew betelvine leaves to wipeout uneasiness and exhaustiveness. Mostly betelvine leaves were used by many in regular intervals to obtain enthusiasm for all functions to do emotionally. The incomes from the sale of betelvine leaves were sound and attractive to the cultivators throughout the year. Betelvine cultivators obtained financial support in the whole year to do many other farming functions. Farmers collected seasonal income from other crops, while betelvine cultivation produced income throughout the year to the pleasant survival. Majority of the members of the family were engaged in the plantation, training of vine, provision of manures, fertilizers, water and plucking of betelvine leaves. Key words: Gross Income, Net Income, Fapada leaves, Kalli leaves, Hakkal leaves, Dag, Dappa and Karandi

2569-2573

Authors: Shobha Jadhav, Sunil Kalekar

The present study is related to the communication skills in English. Researchers found that the students opted for English method in Marathi medium B.Ed. colleges can’t communicate in English properly. Hence the researchers developed a programme in communication skills in English. A pre test was conducted and then 14 hours programme was implemented and then the post test was conducted in the class. After analyzing the scores of test the programme is found effective to develop the communication skill of students.

2594-2600

Authors: SANJURE DEEPAK P. & CHETANA SONKAMBLE

IN MARATHI.

2608-2614

Authors: ZHIWEI CHEN

The notions of lifelong learning, lifelong education and learning society have aroused great interests in the academic educational researching field. Therefore, more and more researches have been focusing on the essences of these three. From each combination of the statements of these notions, we can get the concrete and detailed analysis on the essences of these notions. Keywords: lifelong learning; lifelong education; learning society.

2620-2626

Authors: Mr. M. U. Deshmukh,P. A. Khadke

The paper deals with occupational structure of Nanded city from 1961 to 2011.The workers of occupational categories included in earlier censuses have been re-grouped into nine broad categories Here the working population which is in different economic activities, these are divided into nine categories this are Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Livestock, forestry, Fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards and allied activities, Mining and quarrying, Manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs household industry, Other than household industry, Construction, Trade and commerce, Transport, storage and communication, Other services. The occupational structure of Nanded city is an increase. Occupational structure also influences the socio-economic development of an area. As regarding to study region, except some situations, overall working population during 1961 to 2011 showed increasing trend. Key Words: Occupation structure, working force

2633-2643

Authors: Michael C. Pickett

According to Herman (1997), narratologists began investigating narratives and were determined to achieve a cataloguing system that could differentiate components or, universal “...ingredients of narrative” (p. 1046). According to Jahn’s model, in fiction narrative the communication typically lies between the author and reader. While Pickett (2013) applied Jahn’s model to creative nonfiction, the survey of the literature contained within this study demonstrates various ways in which authors communicate through their narratives with the readers. Keywords: Narratological Analysis; Narratological Framework; Narrative Communication; Free Indirect Discourse