International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

65-68

Authors: Rahmatollah Rafiei 1, Sareh Khanjani 1, Zahra Torabi 2, lootfollah Fouladi 3, Ahmadreza Hemmat 1, Somayeh Najafi 4*

There are many possible causes of chronic diarrhea such as microscopic colitis (MC). This study was conducted to evaluates of MC microscopic colitis among patients presented with chronic watery diarrhea. in a large teaching hospital. The study included all patients presented with watery diarrhea for at least 4 weeks in one year period. It was done colonoscopy for patient with watery diarrhea without known cause. If colonoscopy was normal, multiple mucosal biopsies would be taken from different segments of the colon right and left colon. Histological characteristics of lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis were assessed in all biopsy specimens. All other patients with normal or uncharacteristic histology were considered as the control group. Demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms and past history of drug intake were compared between the two groups. 123 patients with chronic watery diarrhea were enrolled in the study. 33 (27%) had lymphocytic colitis and nobody had collagenous colitis. 19/33 patients were female. Mean (SD) age of patients were 39.5 (11.5) and 40.7 (14.7) years in the patients with microscopic colitis and the control group, respectively. Independent t-test demonstrated no significant difference in the mean age of patients between the two groups. Mean (SD) duration of symptoms were 8.5 (3.4) and 10.1 (11.1) months in the patients with microscopic colitisMC and the control group, respectively. Independent t-test demonstrated No significant difference in the mean duration of symptoms between the two groups. One (2%) and 2 (4%) patients with microscopic colitis had history of aspirin and NSAIDs, respectively. Fisher-Exact test revealed No significant difference in drug intake between the two groups. The diagnostic lymphocytic colitis frequency was higher than expected. As regard to high rate of MC in patients with chronic watery diarrhea, it is suggest that to be carry out colonic mucosal biopsy for these patients with normal colonoscopy in order to timely diagnosis of MC and its appropriately treatment. Keywords: Chronic watery diarrhea, Gastrointestinal disease, Microscopic colitis, Lymphocytic colitis, Colonoscopy.

42-45

Authors: Zare C, Zida M, Sanon BG, LN Marie Ouedraogo, Ouangré E, Traore SS

We reported retrospectively 53 cases of colon cancer identified during 5 years in our surgery division. The aim of this report was to study epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this malignancy in Burkinabe setting from January the 1st 2003 to 31st December 2008. Fifty three cases of colon cancer representing 16.2% of digestive tract malignancies and 2.3% of all malignancies were identified. The mean age was 49 years. The male was predominant. The average visit time was 16 months. Transit disorders (67.9%), a sub-occlusive syndrome (7.5%) and intestinal obstruction (24.5%) were the most frequent circumstances of discovery. Colonoscopy was performed in 64.15% of cases and the barium enema in 11.3% of cases. Right colonic localization represented 54.7% of cases. Ulcerative budding of cancer aspects (66%) and adenocarcinoma (75.5%) were dominant. Liver metastasis was observed in 8 cases. The right hemicolectomy was performed in 50.9%. The removal rate of the cancer after surgery was 86.8%. Ten (10) patients experienced complications such as parietal suppuration. Ten (10) deaths were recorded. The 5-year survival rate was 47.2%. Keywords: Cancer, Colon, Bowel, Dysfunction, Adenocarcinoma, Surgery.

50-59

Authors: Ibrahim Abdu Wakawa*1, Shehu Sale2, Sadique Pindar Kwajafa1, Omeiza Beida3, Wakil Musa Abba1, Muktar Yerima Mohammed1, Isa Bukar Rabbebe4

Despite the change in status of HIV infection to a chronic disorder akin to diabetes mellitus due to the use of antiretroviral medications, HIV+ subjects in sub-Saharan Africa still suffer from the effects of their ‘spoiled identity’. This study compared the prevalence of depression and self-stigma among HIV+ and diabetic subjects and evaluated the differential correlation between depression and their quality of life. This study was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Nigeria and the subjects were drawn using systematic random sampling. The Beck Depression Inventory, the 3-item stigma scale and the WHOQOL-BREF were used for data collection. Prevalence of depression was 20.5% in the HIV subjects against 8.3% in the diabetics (χ2=17.46, p=<0.001) and the experience of self-stigma was about 4-times more likely in the HIV+ subjects than the diabetics (60.1% Vs 16.7% respectively: χ2=116.99, p=<0.001). There were stronger negative correlations between depression and quality of life scores among the subjects on HAART than among the diabetics. Conclusively, we therefore recommend routine clinical surveillance and psycho education on adaptive coping strategies in the management of the HIV+ subjects. Keywords: Depression, Self-stigma, Quality of life, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, North-eastern Nigeria.

32-37

Authors: Ehssan. H. O. Moglad, Omer. M. Abdalla, Haider Abd Algadir, W. S. Koko and A. M. Saadabi

The research was carried out to search new antimicrobial agents mainly from plant extracts with the goal to discover new chemical structures by investigate in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Maerua oblongifolia. Eighty percent Methanol and chloroform extracts of leaves and stems were screened for their antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using the cup plate agar diffusion method. All extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against most of the tested organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 13-20 mm. The largest inhibition zones were obtained from methanol stem extract of Maerua oblongifolia against Aspergillus niger and chloroform stem extract against Escherichia coli. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed using MTT assay and used 3T3 NIH mouse embryo fibroblast cell line, and CC-1, a rat Wistar hepatocyte cell line. The results obtained indicate that this plant has nontoxic effect on 3T3 with less than 20% of growth inhibition and has nutritional value on CC-1. Therefore, this finding indicated that these extracts of such plant promising antimicrobial agents. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Medicinal plants, Maerua oblongifolia, Cytotoxicity, Sudan.

21-25

Authors: Ezejindu D. N., Nwokoro Tochukwu., Obaji NN.

Rauwolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plants that have served through the ages as the mainstay in the treatment of variety of diseases and preservation of human health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of oral administration of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract on the kidneys of wistar rats weighing between 195-215kg. They were divided into four groups designated as A,B,C and D. Group A served as the control and was orally administered with 0.4ml of distilled water, the experimental groups; B,C and D were administered with 0.6ml, 0.75ml and 0.81ml of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract respectively for twenty eight days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were weighed, anaesthestized under chloroform vapour and dissected. Kidney tissues were removed, weighed, and trimmed down for histological studies. The final body weighed of the experimental groups increased significantly (P<0.001) with the control. The relative kidney weights of the experimental groups were statistically similar with the control. Histological results showed normal kidney cell architecture in the experimental groups relative to the control. This study therefore suggests that consumption of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract at different doses did not induce the kidneys of adult wistar rats. Key words: kidney weight, Body weight, Rauwolfia vomitoria, Hepato protecture, Wistar rats.